apa 7 in text citation video

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APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Films/Videos/TV Shows

• Introduction
• Journal Articles
• Magazine/Newspaper Articles
• Books & Ebooks
• Government & Legal Documents
• Biblical Sources
• Secondary Sources
• Films/Videos/TV Shows
• How to Cite: Other
• Additional Help

Table of Contents

Film or Video

Streaming Video From a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)

Streaming video from a subscription media website (netflix, amazon prime, hulu, etc.), streaming video from a library database, television series episode.

Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.

Who to Credit - Film or Video

The director should be credited as the author of a film. If the director is unknown, someone in a similar role, such as a producer and/or writer, can be credited. To clarify what role the person has in the production, their job title such as Director is put after their name in round brackets if the job title is known.

Who to Credit - Streaming Video from a Website

For videos from websites such as YouTube or Vimeo, credit the person who posted the content. If a real name is provided, use that followed by the person's user name in square brackets. If the real name of the person who posted the content is not known, just use their user name without brackets.

Note : It is not necessary to specify how you watched a film or video (e.g. motion picture, DVD, streaming online). 

In the Body of a Paper

Books, Journals, Reports, Webpages, etc.: When you refer to titles of a “stand-alone work,” as the APA calls them on their APA Style website, such as books, journals, reports, and webpages, you should italicize them. Capitalize words as you would for an article title in a reference, e.g., In the book Crying in H Mart: A memoir , author Michelle Zauner (2021) describes her biracial origin and its impact on her identity.

Article or Chapter: When you refer to the title of a part of a work, such as an article or a chapter, put quotation marks around the title and capitalize it as you would for a journal title in a reference, e.g., In the chapter “Where’s the Wine,” Zauner (2021) describes how she decided to become a musician.

The APA Sample Paper below has more information about formatting your paper.

• APA 7th ed. Sample Paper

Film or Video

When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is known:

Director/Producer/Writer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title). (Year film was produced).  Title of film: Subtitle if any  [Film]. Production Company.

Note: For other countries, list the city name and the country.

Hallam, J. (Producer, Writer), & Lam, K. (Producer, Director). (2010).  Staff relations in healthcare: Working as a team  [Film]. Insight Media.

• When you have more than one producer, writer and/or writer to credit, separate the names with a comma and put an ampersand (&) before the last person's last name.
• Serling, R. (Executive Producer). (1959–1964). The twilight zone [TV series]. Cayuga Productions; CBS Productions.

In-Text Paraphrase:

(Producer/Director/Writer's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Hallam & Lam, 2010)

Note: This example has two people to credit, so both last names are given)

In-Text Quote:

(Producer/Director/Writer's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Hallam & Lam, 2010, 2:30)

Note: Because the timestamp serves the same purpose in a video as page numbers, paragraph numbers or section headings, you include it in the in-text citation. Include only the beginning timestamp.

When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is not known:  Start the citation with the film title.

Title of film: Subtitle if any  [Film]. (Year film was produced). Production Company if Known.

Era of viruses  [Film]. (2006). Films for the Humanities and Sciences.

( Title of Film , Year)

Example: ( Era of Viruses , 2006)

Note: Italicize the title of the film and capitalize the words for the in-text citation.

( Title of Film , Year, Timestamp)

Example: ( Era of Viruses , 2006, 40:00)

When the Poster's Name is known: 

Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video]. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Website Name. URL

Note: According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted the video is credited as the author.

Nye, B. [TheRealBillNye]. (2009, April 8).  Bill Nye the science guy on energy  [Video]. YouTube. http://youtu.be/0ASLLiuejAo

(Creator's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Nye, 2009)

(Creator's Last Name, Year, timestamp)

Example: (Nye, 2009, 0:55)

When the Poster's Name is not known: 

User name that posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Website Name. URL

All Aces Media. (2012, January 19).  Often awesome the series  [Video]. Vimeo. http://vimeo.com/35311255

(User name, Year)

Example: (All Aces Media, 2012)

Example: (All Aces Media, 2012, timestamp)

Producer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Producer). (Year of Publication).  Title of Video  [Video]. Website Name. URL

Note:  When you have one producer (Producer) is used after the producer's name. If you have more than one producer use (Producers) instead.

Allen, T., et. al. (Producers). (2017). The story of Diana  [Video]. Netflix. http://www.netflix.com

(Producer Last name, Year)

Example: (Allen, et. al., 2017)

(Producer Last name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Allen, et. al., 2017, 6:45)

Name of Company/Organization that Provided Content or Creator's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if known. (Year video was created, Month Day if known).  Title of video  [Video]. Database Name.

National Film Board of Canada. (2014).  Making movie history: The women  [Video]. NFB Campus. 

(Name of Company/Organization, Year)

Example: (National Film Board of Canada, 2014)

(Name of Company/Organization, Year, Timestamp)

Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title) if known. (Year the episode was originally aired). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive producer) if known,  Television series name . Production Company.

Young, R. (Writer, Producer, Director). (2010). Flying cheap (Season 2010, Episode 2) [TV series episode]. In  Frontline . American University School of Communication's Investigative Reporting Workshop.

(Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Young, 2010)

(Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Young, 2010, 15:38)

Television Series Episode Viewed on a Subscription Media Website 

Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Job Title) if known. (Year the episode was originally aired). Title of episode (Season No., Episode No.) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive producer) if known,  Television series name . Streaming Video Site. URL

Attenborough, D. (Writer). (2001). Ocean world (Season 1, Episode 1) [TV series episode]. In A. Fothergill (Executive producer),  Blue planet: A natural history of the oceans . Netflix. http://www.netflix.com

Example: (Attenborough, 2001)

 (Writer, Producer and/or Director's Last Name, Year, Timestamp)

Example: (Attenborough, 2001, 10:12)

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• Last Updated: Mar 11, 2024 3:40 PM
• URL: https://libguides.up.edu/apa

APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Youtube Video

• General Style Guidelines
• One Author or Editor
• Two Authors or Editors
• Three to Five Authors or Editors
• Article or Chapter in an Edited Book
• Article in a Reference Book
• Edition other than the First
• Translation
• Government Publication
• Journal Article with 1 Author
• Journal Article with 2 Authors
• Journal Article with 3–20 Authors
• Journal Article 21 or more Authors
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Basic Web Page
• Web page from a University site
• Web Page with No Author
• Entry in a Reference Work
• Government Document
• Film and Television

Youtube Video

• Audio Podcast
• Electronic Image
• Twitter/Instagram
• Lecture/PPT
• Conferences
• Secondary Sources
• Citation Support
• Avoiding Plagiarism
• Formatting Your Paper

General Format

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): 

(Author Surname OR Screen name, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

References:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. OR Author screen name. (Year, Month Day {of video post}). Title of video [Video]. Title of website. URL of specific video

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Norton, 2006)

Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vja83KLQXZs

Subject Guide

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APA 7th Edition Citation Examples

• Volume and Issue Numbers
• Page Numbers
• Undated Sources
• Citing a Source Within a Source
• In-Text Citations
• Academic Journals
• Encyclopedia Articles
• Book, Film, and Product Reviews
• Online Classroom Materials
• Conference Papers
• Technical + Research Reports
• Court Decisions
• Treaties and Other International Agreements
• Federal Regulations: I. The Code of Federal Regulations
• Federal Regulations: II. The Federal Register
• Executive Orders
• Charter of the United Nations
• Federal Statutes
• Dissertations and Theses

Format for streaming videos

• Interviews, E-mail Messages + Other Personal Communications
• Social Media
• Business Sources
• PowerPoints
• AI: ChatGPT, etc.

Author last name, first initial. (Date).  Title of video [Video]. Host site. URL

• Author:  List the last name, followed by the first initial (and second initial). See  Authors  for more information. The person or group who uploaded the video should be credited as the author for citation purposes, even if that person or group did not create the video. If an author's real name isn't known, provide the user name. If both the real name and user name are known, provide the real name followed by the user name between brackets.
• Date:  List the date between parentheses, followed by a period.
• Title of video:  In italics. Capitalize the first word of the title, subtitle, and proper nouns, followed by [Video] and then a period.
• Host site: List the name of the site that hosts the video, followed by a period.
• URL:  List URL.

See specific examples below.

Heffernan, M. (2015, May). Why it's time to forget the pecking order at work [Video]. Ted Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/margaret_heffernan_why_it_s_time_to_forget_the_pecking_order_at_work

Fogarty, M. [Grammar Girl]. (2020, April 23). Why are we overwhelmed and not just whelmed? [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/zgCjEdVAnaQ

See  Publication Manual , 10.12.

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APA Citation Style, 7th Edition: YouTube or other streaming video

• APA 6/7 Comparison Guide
• New & Notable Changes
• Student Paper Layout
• Journal Article with One Author
• Journal Article with Two Authors
• Journal Article with Three or more Authors
• Help?! I can't find the DOI
• One Author/Editor
• Two Authors/Editors
• Chapter in a Book
• Electronic Books
• Social Media Posts
• YouTube or other streaming video
• Podcast or other audio works
• Infographic, Powerpoint, or other visual works
• Government Websites & Publications, & Gray Literature
• Legislative (US & State House & Senate) Bills
• StatPearls, UpToDate, DynaMedex
• Dissertations & Thesis
• Interviews & Emails
• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Datasets, Software, & Tests
• Posters & Conference Sessions
• Photographs, Tables, & PDF's
• Canvas Posts & Class Discussion Boards
• In-Text Citations & Paraphrasing
• References Page
• Free APA 7th edition Resources, Handouts, & Tutorials

Citing YouTube or other streaming video

Tips for citing YouTube and other video sources in APA 7th edition (p. 274, 342-344). 

• When adding a reference for a YouTube video, if you can locate it, add the uploader's last name, first initial as the "author." Then add their username in brackets, for example: Smith, J. [@smithjoe]. 
• After adding the title in italics, in plain text add "video' in brackets and then add YouTube as the platform, for example: How to make pancakes with almond butter [Video]. Youtube. 
• When adding an in-text citation for a direct quote from a video, make sure to add a timestamp after the date. For example, (Smith, 2018, 5:27)

CBS News. (2019, October 4).  The perils of private prison health care | Full documentary [Video] . YouTube.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CsQuOPy4zX0

In-text Citation (Paraphrase):

(CBS News, 2019)

In-text Citation (Direct Quote):

(CBS News, 2019, 3:15)

Carrie Forbes, MLS

Page References

Citation information has been adapted from the APA Manual (7th Edition). Please refer to Chapter 10: Reference Examples, pp. 274, 342-344 for more information. 

Helpful Tips

Tips for citing social media in APA 7th edition (p. 274, 342-344). 

• After adding the title in italics, in plain text add "video' in brackets and then add YouTube as the platform, for example:  How to make pancakes with almond butter  [Video]. Youtube. 

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Need to contact a specific librarian? Find your liaison.

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APA Referencing 7th Edition

• In-text citations
• Journals, newspapers & magazines
• Books & eBooks

Main elements

• Figures, images & tables
• Internet & social media
• Religious & classical works
• Interviews & personal communications
• Other sources

Reference list

• Printable quick reference guides

• Streaming/YouTube

TED Talk video

(Sturgeon, 2019) OR  Sturgeon (2019)

Sturgeon, N. (2019, July). Why governments should prioritize well-being.  [Video] .  TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/nicola_sturgeon_why_governments_should_prioritize_well_being

YouTube Video

(TED, 2019)   OR  TED(2019)

TED. (2019, December 12). Christiana Figueres and Chris Anderson: How we can turn the tide on climate [Video]. YouTube.  https://youtu.be/NUFEBioLPf8

Talks at Google

(Talks at Google, 2019)   OR  Talks at Google (2019)

  Talks at Google. (2019, September 18). Is the world ready for the age of AI? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nI_JEqnsgc4

(Husain, 2019)   OR  Husain (2019)

  Husain, A. (2019, August 30). Is the world ready for the age of AI? [Video]. Talks at Google. https://talksat.withgoogle.com/talk/is-the-world-ready-for-the-age-of-ai

Streaming video

It is commonly accepted that "there is a huge gap between this attitude toward sustainable consumption or sustainable behavior and the actual behavior that happens" (Sattari, 2020, 01:22).

Sattari, S. (2020).  Researching consumer perspectives on sustainability using metaphor elicitation.  [Video]. SAGE Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781529730999

Streaming video (database) - EduTV

(Watkin, 2019) OR Watkin  (2019)

Reference list 

Watkin, D. (Director). (2019). A Murri on the move with Kerry Turner (Series 1, Episode 2)   [Video]. In Around the Campfire . NITV.  https://go.openathens.net/redirector/nd.edu.au?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedutv.informit.com.au%2Fwatch-screen.php%3FvideoID%3D3192429

Streaming video (database) - Kanopy

(Peabody, 2019) OR  Peabody  (2019)

Peabody, F. (Director). (2019).  The corporate coup d'etat  [Video]. First Run Features. https://nd.kanopy.com/video/corporate-coup-d-etat

Television series (single episode)

(Quicke, 2018) OR  Quicke (2018)

Quicke, G. (Host). (2018). A stargazer's guide to the Cosmos: The scale of the Solar System. [TV series episode]. In J. Edmeades (Director), A stargazer's guide to the Cosmos.  ABC Me.  https://go.openathens.net/redirector/nd.edu.au?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedutv.informit.com.au%2Fwatch-screen.php%3FvideoID%3D2758731

Television series (full series)

(Edmeades, 2019) OR  Edmeades  (2019)

Edmeades, J. (Director). (2019). A stargazer's guide to the Cosmos . [TV series]. ABC Me.  https://go.openathens.net/redirector/nd.edu.au?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedutv.informit.com.au%2Fwatch-screen.php%3FvideoID%3D3428898

(Knight, 2019) OR  Knight (2019)

Knight, S. (Director). (2019). Serenity [Film]. Global Road Entertainment.  https://edutv.informit.com.au/watch-screen.php?videoID=3390687

• See Figures, Images & Tables
• Transcript of an Audiovisual Work
• Musical scores

(Goldwater, 2020 ) OR Goldwater  (2020)

Goldwater, M. (2020, February 23). Dr Micah Goldwater discusses pseudoscience  [Interview].  All in the mind with Sana Qadar: Suckers for pseudoscience . ABC Radio National.  https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/allinthemind/suckers-for-pseudoscience/11976394

(Edmonds, 2018) OR Edmonds  (2018)

Edmonds, D. (2018, April 11). Tom Chatfield on critical thinking and bias [Audio podcast episode]. In Social science bites.  Sage Publications.  https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781526459855

Song track on a CD 

(Kelly, 2008) OR  Kelly  (2008)

Kelly, P. (2008). Leaps and bounds [Song]. On Greatest hits: Songs from the south volumes 1 & 2 . [CD]. Universal Music.

Classical works

(Handel, 1749/1986)   OR  Handel  (1749/1986)

Handel, G. F. (1986). The music for the Royal fireworks: Amaryllis suite; suite from the water music . [Album recorded by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Yehudi Menuhin]. RPO Records, London. (Original work produced 1749)

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APA 7th referencing style

• About APA 7th
• Printing this guide
• In-text references
• Direct quotations
• Reference list
• Author information
• Additional referencing information
• Using headings
• Book chapter
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• ChatGPT and other generative AI tools
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• Dictionary or encyclopaedia
• Government legislation
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• Newspaper or magazine article
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• Patents and standards
• Personal communication
• Press (media) release
• Secondary source (indirect citation)
• Social media
• Software and mobile apps
• Specialised health information
• Television program

Film or movie

Youtube video, instagram video.

• Works in non-English languages
• Works in non-English scripts, such as Arabic or Chinese
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APA Citation Guide (7th Edition): Audiovisual Media

• Audiovisual Media
• Books and eBooks
• Dictionaries, Thesauruses and Encyclopedias
• Figures and Tables
• Government Documents
• Journal, Magazine and Newspaper Articles
• Personal Communications
• Presentations and Class Notes
• Social Media
• Websites and Webpages
• Generative AI
• In-Text Citation
• Reference List and Sample Papers
• Annotated Bibliography
• Citation Software

Film or Video

Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication).  Title of motion picture [Film].   Production Company.

Slade, D. (Director). (2010).  The twilight saga: Eclipse  [Film]. Summit Entertainment.

Note : When a film title is in a different language than your paper, include a translation of the title in square brackets (see Section 9.38).

YouTube Video or Other Streaming Video

Author, A. A. [Username]. (Year, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Streaming Service. URL

Nye, B. [ TheRealBillNye ]. (2009, April 8).  Bill Nye the science guy on energy  [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/0ASLLiuejAo

Note : The person or group who uploaded the video is credited as the author for retrievability, even if they did not create the work. If the author's name is the same as the username, you can omit the [Username].

Author, A. A. or Group Name (Year, Month Day if known).  Title of video  [Video]. Streaming Service. URL

TEDx Talks. (2010, October 6).  Brene Brown: The power of vulnerability  [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/X4Qm9cGRub0 

Television Series Episode or Webisode

Writer, W. W. (Writer), & Director, D. D. (Director). (Original air date). Title of episode (Season number, Episode number) [TV series episode]. In P. Producer (Executive Producer), Series title . Production company(s).

Young, R. (Writer, Producer, Director). (2010, February 9). Flying cheap (Season 28, Episode 2) [TV series episode]. In R. Young (Executive Producer),  Frontline . American University School of Communication's Investigative Reporting Workshop.

Music Album

Recording artist. (Year of release). Title of album [Album]. Record label.

Franklin, A. (1968). This girl's in love with you . Atlantic Records.

Note : For a recording of a classical work, see section 10.13 in the APA Publication Manual .

Single Song or Track

Recording artist. (Year of release). Title of song [Song]. On Title of album . Record label.

Franklin, A. (1968). The weight [Song].  On This girl's in love with you. Atlantic Records .  

Artwork in a Museum or on a Museum Website

Format .

Artist, A. (Year of release). Title of artwork [Medium]. Name of museum, City, State, Country. URL of museum

Francis, S. (1973). Under Blue [Lithograph]. Bernard Jacobson Gallery, London, England. https://www.jacobsongallery.com

Photograph (Not Associated with a Museum)

Photographer, P. (Year of publication). Title of photograph [Photograph]. Source. URL

Escobar, F. R. (2017). To photograph a Galapagos tortoise, get out of the race [Photograph]. New York Times . https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/26/insider/to-photograph-a-galapagos-tortoise-get-out-of-the-race.html?searchResultPosition=1

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• Introduction
• Formatting Your Paper
• In-Text Citations
• Books and eBooks
• Business Reports
• Conference Presentations and Publications
• Dissertations and Theses
• Government Documents, Statutes, and Court Cases
• Images and Advertisements
• Missing Information
• Multiple Authors
• Personal Communications (E-mails, Interviews, etc.)
• Previous Coursework
• Religious Works
• Secondary Source/Indirect Citation (as cited in)
• Social Media
• Video and Audio
• Avoiding Plagiarism
• Annotated Bibliographies
• Get Help Now

APA 7th Edition Citation Guide Video and Audio

Who gets credit, films and movies.

If there are multiple production studios, separate them with semi-colons.

Use a time stamp instead of page numbers for in-text citations.

Reference Page Format:

Director, A. A. (Director). (Year).  Title of film  [Film]. Studio A; Studio B (if necessary); Studio C (if necessary). 

Reference Page Example:

Bush, J., & Howard, B. (Directors). (2021).  Encanto  [Film]. Walt Disney Pictures; Walt Disney Animation Studios.

In-text Citation Examples:

Bush and Howard  (2021) showed that ... ...( Bush & Howard , 2021). ...( Bush & Howard , 2021, 23:55).

Writer, A. A. (Writer), Director, B. B. (Director). (Year, Month Day aired). Title of Episode (Season #, Episode #) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer, A. A. (Executive Producer),  Title of show . Production Company A; Production Company B; Production Company C. 

Trefry, K. (Writer) & Antal, N. (Director). (2022, May 27). Chapter Five: The Nina Project (Season 4, Episode 5) [TV series episode]. In The Duffer Brothers, Levy, S., Cohen, D., Holland, C., Wright, B., Thunell, M., Gajdusek, K., Paterson, I., & Gwinn, C. (Executive Producers). (2016-present).  Stranger things  [TV series]. 21 Laps Entertainment; Monkey Massacre.

In-text Citation Example:

...(Trefry & Antal, 2022).

Streaming Video (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)

For videos from most streaming sites (e.g. YouTube, Vimeo) use the name of the account which uploaded the video.

If you want to include the name of a speaker who would not appear in an in-text citation, you can include their name within your paper (see example below)

Uploader. (Year, Month Day uploaded).  Title of video  [Video]. Website. URL

TED. (2011, May 2).  Beware online "filter bubbles:" Eli Pariser  [Video]. YouTube.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8ofWFx525s

Pariser shared his belief that the internet should expose us to ideas that challenge us (TED, 2011). ...(TED, 2011). ...(TED, 2011, 8:13).

Online Video from Website Not Dedicated to Streaming (TED Talks, etc.)

For videos from sites that are not dedicated to streaming, use the below format.

Creator or Speaker. (Year, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Website. URL 

Pariser, E. (2011, March).  Beware online "filter bubbles"  [Video]. TED Conferences.  https://www.ted.com/talks/eli_pariser_beware_online_filter_bubbles

...(Pariser, 2011). ...(Pariser, 2011, 4:23).

Podcast Series

Producer or Host, A. A. (Producer or Host)  (Year range).  Title  [Audio podcast]. Website. URL

Koenig, S., & Snyder, J. (Producers). (2014-present).  Serial  [Audio podcast]. WBEZ Chicago.  https://serialpodcast.org/

Koenig et al.  (2014-present) based their program on ... ...(Koenig et al., 2014-present).

Podcast Episode

Host, A. A. (Producer or Host)  (Year, Month Day). Episode title (No. #) [Audio podcast episode]. In  Podcast Title . Website/Production Company. URL

Koenig, S. (Host). (2014, October 3). The Alibi (No. 1) [Audio podcast episode]. In  Serial . WBEZ Chicago.  https://serialpodcast.org/season-three/1/a-bar-fight-walks-into-the-justice-center

Koenig (2014) shared that ... ...(Koenig, 2014).

Music Album

Music album citations include information such as the artist/group, year, title of the album, and record label. If there are multiple record labels, separate them with semi-colons.

Classical albums are cited slightly differently. Composers are listed instead of performers and should include information such as recording information and the year the original work was published. 

Music albums with the original and recorded year should include both years within in-text citations.

Recording Artist or Group (Year).  Title of the album [Album]. Record Label. Composer, C. C. (Year).  Title of the album  [Album recorded by...]. Record Label (Original work published... ). 

BTS. (2022).  Proof  [Album]. Big Hit Music. Berg, A. (2006).  Lulu  [Album recorded by the English National Opera]. Chandos. (Original work published 1937)

... (BTS, 2022). ... (Berg, 1937/2006).

Similar to music albums, songs are cited differently if they are considered "Classical" or not. See below for the differences and examples.

If the songwriter and recording artist/group are the same, no need to include the brackets after the song title.

Songwriter, S. S. (Year). Song title [Recorded by A. A. Artist/Group Name]. On  Title of the album  [Album]. Record Label. Composer, C. C. (Year). Song title [Song recorded by]. On Title of the album.  Record Label. (Original work published...). 

Suga, Pdogg, RM, MAX, Gleyzer, D., & J-Hope (2022). Yet to Come (The Most Beautiful Moment) [Recorded by BTS]. On  Proof  [Album]. Big Hit Music. Berg, A. (2006). Act I Scene 1: Am I trespassing? [Song recorded by the English National Opera]. On  Lulu . Chandos. (Original work published 1937)

...(Suga et al., 2022). ...(Berg, 1937/2006).

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APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Videos & DVDs

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Streaming video from a website (youtube, vimeo, etc.) - poster's name known, streaming video from a website (youtube, vimeo, etc.) - poster's name not known, streaming movie from a subscription media website or library collection (netflix, amazon prime, hulu, kanopy, etc.), dvd with named producer, director or writer, movie with unknown producer, director and/or writer, television series episode.

Who to Credit - DVD or Film

Many people can be involved in the production of a film but not all need to be listed in the citation. Typically the director is the only name that is used.  If the director is unknown, give credit to someone in a similar role (producer/writer/host etc.).  Their job title (such as Director) is put after their name in round brackets to clarify what role they had in the film production.

Who to Credit - Streaming Video from a Website

For videos from websites such as YouTube or Vimeo, credit the person who posted the content. If a real name is provided, use that followed by the person's user name in square brackets. If the real name of the person who posted the content is not known, just use their user name without brackets.

Who to Credit - TV Series and TV Series Episode

When citing a whole TV series, credit the executive producer(s).  When citing a single episode from a TV series, credit the writer and the director of the episode. For both series and single episodes, include their job titles after their names in round brackets.

Note : All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video] . (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Name of Website. URL

Note : According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted/uploaded the video is credited as the author.

User name that posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Name of Website. URL

Note : According to APA, for citing purposes the person who posted the video is credited as the author.

Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Director). (Year of Publication). Title of Movie [Film]. Production Company. 

Note:  Only specify how you watched a film (on DVD, streaming, etc.) when it is important to indicate a specific version. Put this information in in the square brackets following the word "Film" and a semicolon. If you have more than one director use (Directors) instead and separate their names with commas, adding an ampersand (&) before the final name.  If the director is unknown, credit someone in a similar role (producer/writer) and put their job title in round brackets after their name. 

Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Director). (Year DVD was produced). Title of DVD [Film; optional descriptive information if DVD is a unique version]. Production Company.

Note : In general, you don't need to cite the format of a movie. However, include it if the information you are citing can be found only in that particular format or edition (e.g. special features or commentary).  

Title of movie  [Film]. (Year Movie was Produced). Production Company.

Note : When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is not known, start the citation with the movie title.

Writer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Writer), & Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Director). (Year the episode was originally aired, Month Day if known). Title of episode (Season Number, Episode Number) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive Producer), Television series name . Production Company . 

Note:  Include the writer and director for the episode and put their job title in round brackets after their name.  If one person did both jobs use (Writer & Director).

Cite the URL for the log-in page instead of the URL for the actual movie. Omit the URL if the TV episode was viewed on cable television rather than online.

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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / APA Format / APA YouTube Citation

How to Cite a YouTube Video in APA

While doing research for a paper, you may find relevant YouTube videos that you want to cite. You may already know how to cite a website in APA , but it can be difficult to know how to cite YouTube in APA style. You may also want to cite quotes within the video, user comments, or entire YouTube accounts.

The guidelines of this page cover APA 7th edition and specifies what you need to know to cite any various YouTube video content in APA style. For similar but different media, like citing a movie in APA or a tv show,  you’ll need to visit another guide.

Guide Overview

Here’s a run-through of everything this page includes:

Step-by-step instructions for a YouTube video citation in APA style

Basic youtube video citation structure.

• Video with creator’s real name and screen mame

Video without uploader’s real name OR video by an organization

Citing a youtube channel, citing a direct quote from a video, citing a comment on a youtube video, citing a ted talk found on youtube, a note on apa 7th edition, citing a youtube video in apa, what you need, troubleshooting.

• List the real last name of the video’s uploader, capitalizing the first letter. Place a comma after the last name and then list the first initial of their first name, followed by a period. If you find their middle initial, list it after the first initial and period, also followed by a period. If the creator’s name is unavailable, skip this step and begin your citation with the next step.
• Next, using brackets, list the screen name of the video’s uploader as it is spelled on the page. Place a period after the closing bracket.
• Then, in parentheses, put the full numerical year followed by a comma, the full written month starting with a capital letter and followed by a comma, and the numerical day that the video was posted. Close the parentheses and follow with a period.
• Put the title of the video in Italics and in sentence case (only capitalizing the first letter and proper nouns). Do not place a period after the title.
• After the title, put the word Video (for the source format), capitalized, in normal font, and in brackets. Place a period after the closing bracket.
• Put the word YouTube (for the website source name) as it is spelled here, followed by a period.
• List the full URL for the web page containing the YouTube video you are citing. Do not follow with a period.

Note that in your citation, you must indent any lines after the first line. APA-style in-text citations for quoting and paraphrasing are the same for YouTube videos.

Video with creator’s real name and screen name

If only the screen name is available, you put the screen name first in the citation and omit the “[Screen name]” part of the citation.

View Screenshot

Now that you know how to cite YouTube in APA style, you may need more specific information on citing channels, quotes, or comments.

Instead of citing one particular YouTube video, you may want to cite an entire YouTube channel. While the format is similar to citing a YouTube video, there are a few key differences you can see in the format guidelines below.

• You will always use “n.d.” for “no date” because YouTube channels are undated.
• If you are instead citing another tab of the account (Videos, Playlists, Channels, Discussion, About), put the correct tab name instead of the word “Home.”
• Use the words “YouTube Channel” instead of the name of any specific videos since you’re citing a whole channel (not just one video).

You may want to include a direct quote from a YouTube video within your paper. While your reference page citation for the quote will be the same as a citation for the whole video, your in-text citation will need a timestamp to help readers easily access the quote ( Publication Manual , p. 274). It is commonly accepted to only include a timestamp for the beginning of the quote, but you may use a timestamp range if you think it would be helpful.

While researching your topic, you may find that you want to include a comment left on a YouTube video. You will need to cite the comment itself rather than the YouTube video. The format for citing a YouTube comment is similar to citing a YouTube video with a few key differences.

TED Talks are often great sources of information, and they can be found on both the TED website and on YouTube. When citing a TED Talk found on YouTube, list TED as the author for the in-text citation and the reference page.

The 7th edition of the APA Manual came out in 2020, replacing the 6th edition that came out in 2009. There are a few changes in the newest manual that apply when you need to cite YouTube video APA style.

Notable 7th edition changes include:

• Omission of “Retrieved from” before URLs
• Addition of the website name
• Uses “Video” instead of “Video file.”
• In-text citation format is the same,

APA 6th Edition Reference Page Format:

Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. [Screen name]. (Year, Month Day). Title of the video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL

APA 7th Edition Reference Page Format:

Uploader Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. [Screen name]. (Year, Month Day). Title of the video [Video]. Name of website. URL

In-text Citation Format (6th AND 7th Edition): 

(Author/Creator Last Name OR Screen name, Year)

To cite YouTube videos in APA style, you will need certain information. If available, find the following to include in your citation:

• Name of the individual(s) or group who uploaded the video. If it’s an individual, use their real name.
• Video uploader’s screen name
• Date attached to the video (including year, month, date)
• Title of the video
• URL of the video’s webpage

If any of the above information is not available on the same page as the YouTube video, you may need to do a little more research to find it. For example, to find the real name of the video’s uploader, you can click on the screen name to view the creator’s account where you might find their real name in the bio.

If any of the information is not available, even after doing additional research, simply leave it out of the citation, but include the rest of the information following the order of the basic format below.

Who is the author?

The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association  (2020, p. 344) clarifies that the uploader of the video is used as the “author” of the video, even if they are not the creator of it.

Further information on citing in APA can be found in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association in Section 10.12.

Solution #1: How to cite a video when the uploader’s real name cannot be found

When you want to cite a video from YouTube, Vimeo, or any other video-hosting sites, but cannot find the uploader’s real name, use their username in place of their actual name in your APA works-cited citation.

If using a username in place of a typical name, keep the same format and case of the username as it is discovered online, and omit the bracketed “username” part of your APA citation in your bibliography.

Use the username in place of the author’s name for your in-text citation.

Example in-text citation:

(videogamedunkey, 2021)

Example reference:

videogamedunkey. (2021, September 21). Originality in video games [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOQzTtsr3AQ

American Psychological Association (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10/1037/0000165-000

Published July 21, 2014. Updated April 16, 2020.

Written and edited by Michele Kirschenbaum and Elise Barbeau.  Michele Kirschenbaum is a school library media specialist and the in-house librarian at EasyBib.com. Elise Barbeau is the Citation Specialist at Chegg. She has worked in digital marketing, libraries, and publishing.

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To cite a YouTube video, you need to have the name of the uploader or the screen name, the full date the video was uploaded, the title of the video, and the URL (uniform resource locator). If any of these details are not available, you can skip it and add only the available information. The templates for in-text citations and reference list entries of a YouTube video along with examples are given below.

In-text citation templates and examples:

Video uploader’s name or Screen name (publication year)

Seburn (2020)

Parenthetical:

(Video uploader’s name or Screen name, publication year)

(Seburn, 2020)

Note that month and day are not mentioned in in-text citations.

Reference list entry template and example:

Video uploader’s Surname F. M. [Screen name]. (Publication Year, Month Day). Video title  [Video]. YouTube. URL

Seburn, C. [Smart Screen]. (2020, May 20). Welcome to the smart student! (Introductory video)  [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/wz9kb_cQ57Y

If you want to include the screen name, include it in square brackets after the uploader’s name. Set the title of the video in italics and sentence case. The word “Video” follows the title in square brackets. Use the word “YouTube” before the URL.

To cite a movie in APA style , it is important that you know basic information such as the name of the director, the date, the title of the movie, and the name of the production company.

In-text citation template and example:

Director Surname (Year)

Coppola (1972)

(Director Surname, Year)

(Coppola, 1972)

Director’s Surname, F. M. (Director). (Year). Title of the movie [Film]. Production Company.

Coppola, F. F. (Director). (1972). The godfather [Film]. Alfran Productions.

To cite a TV series in APA style, it is important that you know basic information such as the name of the executive producer, the date, the title of the TV series, and the name of the production company.

Executive Producer Surname(s) (Year/s)

Crane and Kauffman (1994–2004)

(Executive Producer Surnames, Year/s)

(Crane & Kauffman, 1994–2004)

Executive Producer’s Surname, F. M. (Executive Producers). (Year). Title of the TV show [TV series]. Production Company.

Crane, D., & Kauffman, M. (Executive Producers). (1994–2004). Friends [TV series]. Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions.

Streaming video

To cite a streaming video in APA style, it is important that you know basic information such as the name of the person or group who uploaded the video (or their username), the year, month, and day the video was uploaded, the title of the video, the streaming service, and the URL.

Video uploader’s surname or username (Year)

Stanford (2010)

(Video uploader’s surname or username, Year)

(Stanford, 2010)

Video uploader’s Surname F. M. [Username]. (Publication Year, Month Day). Video title . [Video]. YouTube. URL

Stanford. [Smart Screen]. (2010, March 29). Introduction to human behavioral biology . [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNnIGh9g6fA

If you want to include the username with the uploader’s full name, include it in square brackets after the uploader’s name. Set the title of the video in italics and sentence case. The word “[Video]” follows the title. Use the streaming service’s title, “YouTube,” before the URL.

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Streaming video from a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.)

References: General Format

Lastname, Initials or user name of person who posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day). Title of video [Video]. Website name. URL

KelbyOne. (2019, May 3).  Scott Kelby's photo retouch using Photoshop, Lightroom & a Wacom Intuos4  [Video]. Youtube.   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_9rIVUqoCk

In-text Citation: Direct Quote

(Lastname or user name of person who posted the video, Year, Timestamp for the beginning of the quote)

In-text Citation: Paraphrase 

(Lastname or user name of person who posted the video, Year)

Streaming video, movie or DVD

References: General Format -  The director should be named as the author of the film, or if unknown the producer can be cited instead.

Lastname, initials (Job title). (Year). Title of Film [Film]. Production company.  

Maloof, J. & Siskel, C. (Directors). (2013).  Finding Vivian Maier [Film] . Ravine Pictures.

(Lastname, Year, Time stamp for beginning of quote)

(Lastname, Year)

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Online video – apa reference list, general tips.

• Use the name of the account that uploaded the video as the author.
• If the account did not actually create the work, explain this in the text if it is important for readers to know. However, if that would mean citing a source that appears unauthoritative, you might also look for the author's YouTube channel, official website, or other social media to see whether the same video is available elsewhere.
• Capitalization: The Video Title is in sentence case – Only the first word and proper nouns in the title are capitalized. Always capitalize the first word, the first word after a colon or a dash.
• Use italics when citing YouTube or other online videos.

Author, A. A. [Screen name]. (year, month day). Title of video [Video]. Website. https://xxxxx

Giertz, S. (2018, April). Why you should make useless things [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/simone_giertz_why_you_should_make_useless_things

TED. (2012, March 16). Brene Brown: Listening to shame [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=psN1DORYYV0

YouTube or other streaming video

Cutts, S. (2017, November 24). Happiness [Video] Vimeo. https://vimeo.com/244405542

University of Oxford. (2018, December 6). How do geckos walk on water? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qm1xGfOZJc8

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• Date of publication
• Page numbers
• Can't find it here?
• Parenthetical in-text citations include the author's family name and year of publication within parenthesis (Thompson, 2018).
• Narrative in-text citations include the author's family name in the sentence and the year of publication follows in parenthesis "Thompson (2018) has argued that ......."
• The in-text citation appears within the body of the paper where the information has been referred to – whether that is within the main body of the text or a table, figure, footnote or appendix. This allows readers to find the corresponding entry in the alphabetical reference list at the end of the paper that will contain the full details of the source.
• Each source cited in-text must appear in the reference list, and each source in the reference list must appear in-text (or in a table, figure, footnote, or appendix).

Please refer to  Author information  for detailed advice.

If you have two or more works by different authors

• List works alphabetically (as they appear in the reference list)
• Separate references with a semicolon ;   e.g.  (Noble et al., 2015; Walker, 2011)  OR   Noble et al. (2015) and Walker (2011) stated that ...

If you have two or more works by same author(s)

• Order references by year of publication
• Put n.d. (no date) references first
• Put "in press" references last
• Only use the author family name or groups name once then list the years
• e.g.  (Lewis, n.d., 2012, 2015, 2016, in press) OR  (Education Queensland, 2011, 2013) OR  (Education Queensland, 2011; Lewis, 2012, 2015, 2016, in press)
• E.g. (Cleary, 2019) or "Thompson (2018) argues that ..."
• If the month is provided in the publication details do not include it. 
• E.g. (Harris, n.d.)
• E.g. (Taylor, in press).
• It is sometimes helpful to your reader to be specific about what part of the work contains the relevant information,  e.g. page numbers (Cleary, 2019, p.16) or (Cleary, 2019, pp.16-18).
• When including quotes in-text you should include the specific part of the source that the quote comes from.
• Tables, chapters, paragraphs or figures can also be helpful,  e.g. (Cleary, 2019, Table 3).

For works without a page number , you can add:

• paragraph number (manually count if not listed),  e.g. (Kennedy, 2019, para.8)
• heading or section name,  e.g. (Harris, 2018, Behaviour Therapy section)
• act, scene and line(s) for plays,  e.g. (Wilde, 1895/1997, 1.1.6-8) (means Act 1.Scene 1.Line(s) 6-8)
• canonically numbered sections for religious or classical works,  e.g. (Genesis 15:6) (include book, chapter, verse, line or canto in place of page number)

For a fuller list of examples see  APA Style Citing Specific Parts of a Source

• Academic writer: APA's tool for teaching and learning effective writing This link opens in a new window Academic Writer is produced by APA to help with academic referencing and writing. It provides quick guides, tutorials, self-quizzes, sample papers, sample references, sample tables, and sample figures to help you master the APA style.
• APA Style Blog The APA Style Blog is written by APA Style experts and provides advice on all aspects of the style, including the trickier nuances. Use the search tool for specific queries or browse the Style and Grammar Guidelines from the drop down menu at the top of the page.
• Direct quotes
• Block quotes
• Quoting audiovisual works
• A direct quotation reproduces word-for-word material taken directly from another author’s work, or from your own previously published work.
• If the quotation is fewer than 40 words, incorporate it into your sentences and paragraphs, and enclose it in double quotation marks ( "..." ).
• Include the author, year, and specific page number for that quotation.  Place a comma after the year and use  p.  for single page,  pp.  for multiple pages
• Place the citation directly after the quotation.
• For material without page numbers, give the paragraph number or a time stamp.
• Include a complete reference in the reference list.

David Copperfield starts with "Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show" (Dickens, 1869, p. 1/1998, p. 1).

(Smith, 2003, p. 105)   OR   Smith (2003) has argued that "......" (p. 105)

(Brown, 1999, pp. 49-50) OR   As Brown (1999) found "......" (pp. 49-50) 

If the quotation comprises 40 or more words, include it in an indented, freestanding block of text, without quotation marks. Make it double spaced. For example:

Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show. To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night. It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously. (Dickens, 1896, p. 1/1998, p. 1)

Note that a page number is required. Place a comma after the year and use p. for single page, pp. for multiple pages.

Add a  time stamp  in place of a page number when quoting from audiovisual works such as videos, songs, TV shows.

(Yates, 2019, 1:14)

(Henderson, 2017, 2:30:14)

(Anderson, 2019, 2:17) OR   Anderson (2019) noted that "...." (2:17)

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Explanatory tips help you get the details right to ensure accurate citations.

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Getting to grips with citation is simple with the help of our highly rated APA citation guides and videos .

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• Introduction
• Parenthetical vs. narrative
• Multiple authors

Missing information

• Sources to include

Tools and resources

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How to create APA citations

APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences. Scribbr’s free citation generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations.

This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020).

• Cite a webpage
• Cite a book
• Cite a journal article
• Cite a YouTube video

APA in-text citations

APA in-text citations include the author’s last name, publication date, and, if relevant, a locator such as a page number or timestamp. For example, (Smith, 2021, p. 170) . See it as a shorter version of the entry in the reference list .

You should include in-text citations every time you’re quoting or paraphrasing someone else’s ideas or words. In doing so, you give credit to the original author and avoid plagiarism .

Parenthetical vs. narrative citation

The in-text citation can take two forms: parenthetical and narrative. Both types are generated automatically when citing a source with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator.

• Parenthetical citation: According to new research … (Smith, 2020) .
• Narrative citation: Smith (2020) notes that …

Multiple authors and corporate authors

The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author. Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol.

When the author, publication date or locator is unknown, take the steps outlined below.

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APA references

APA references generally include information about the author , publication date , title , and source . Depending on the type of source, you may have to include extra information that helps your reader locate the source.

It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted.

Formatting the APA reference page

On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order .

Apply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page:

• Double spacing (within and between references)
• Hanging indent of ½ inch
• Legible font (e.g. Times New Roman 12 or Arial 11)
• Page number in the top right header

Which sources to include

On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation ). You should not include references to personal communications that your reader can’t access (e.g. emails, phone conversations or private online material).

In addition to the APA Citation Generator, Scribbr provides many more tools and resources that help millions of students and academics every month.

• Citation Generator : Generate flawless citations in APA, MLA , and Harvard style .
• Citation Checker : Upload your paper and have artificial intelligence check your citations for errors and inconsistencies.
• Free plagiarism checker : Detect plagiarism with unparalleled accuracy with Scribbr’s free plagiarism checker.
• AI Proofreader : Upload and improve unlimited documents and earn higher grades on your assignments. Try it for free!
• Paraphrasing tool: Avoid accidental plagiarism and make your text sound better.
• Grammar checker : Eliminate pesky spelling and grammar mistakes.
• Summarizer: Read more in less time. Distill lengthy and complex texts down to their key points.
• AI detector: Find out if your text was written with ChatGPT or any other AI writing tool. ChatGPT 2 & ChatGPT 3 supported.
• Proofreading services : Have a professional editor (or team of editors) improve your writing so you can submit your paper with pride and confidence. Scribbr offers admission essay editing , paper editing , and academic editing .
• Guides and videos : Explore hundreds of articles, bite-sized videos, time-saving templates, and handy checklists that guide you through the process of research, writing, and citation.

APA Formatting and Style (7th ed.) for Student Papers

• What's New in the 7th ed.?
• Principles of Plagiarism: An Overview
• Basic Paper Formatting
• Basic Paper Elements
• Punctuation, Capitalization, Abbreviations, Apostrophes, Numbers, Plurals
• Tables and Figures
• Powerpoint Presentations
• Reference Page Format
• Periodicals (Journals, Magazines, Newspapers)
• Books and Reference Works
• Webpage on a Website
• Discussion Post
• Company Information & SWOT Analyses
• Dissertations or Theses
• ChatGPT and other AI Large Language Models
• Online Images
• Online Video
• Computer Software and Mobile Apps
• Missing Information
• Two Authors
• Three or More Authors
• Group Authors
• Missing Author
• Chat GPT and other AI Large Language Models
• Secondary Sources
• Block Quotations
• Fillable Template and Sample Paper
• Government Documents and Legal Materials
• APA Style 7th ed. Tutorials
• Additional APA 7th Resources
• Grammarly - your writing assistant
• Writing Center - Writing Skills This link opens in a new window
• Brainfuse Online Tutoring

Formatting a Powerpoint Presentation in APA 7th Style

The apa 7th manual and the apa website do not provide any specific rules about using apa format or citation in powerpoint slides. , here are some recommended guidelines:, 1. always follow any specific instructions given by your instructor., 2. you will need in-text citations on a powerpoint slide where you are quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing someone else's ideas. , 3. you also will include a reference list as your powerpoint's last slide (or slides). , this youtube video from smart student shows you how to create apa7th in-text citations and a reference list: .

• Citing and Referencing in Powerpoint Presentations | APA 7th Edition This video will show you how to create APA 7th in-text citations and a Reference page for your PowerPoint presentation.
• << Previous: Tables and Figures
• Next: Reference Page Examples >>
• Last Updated: Apr 1, 2024 10:02 AM
• URL: https://national.libguides.com/apa_7th