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Q. How should I cite my paper's appendices in-text for APA format?

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Answered By: Gabe Gossett Last Updated: May 22, 2020     Views: 462427

Note: This is an answer only for citing appendices you create in the body of your paper . If you are looking for information on how to cite sources within your appendix, please follow this link .

When citing an appendix you are including in your paper refer to a single appendix simply as Appendix. If you include an appendix, you should refer to it in the text of your paper. If you have more than one appendix add letters to differentiate them in the order they appear in your text. For example, we could say something like "Please see Appendix A for more information on educational outcomes and Appendix B for the questionnaire used to collect student responses."

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Comments (11)

• Useful for me by kate huddson on Apr 20, 2017
• Thanks for this information by Juanita Cyrus on Jun 24, 2018
• Once you cite an appendix in text, is that enough, or do you need to cite each time you refer to it? Do I need to say repeatedly "See Appendix A" or is the first reference enough? by Christy Johanson on Sep 16, 2020
• @Christy, this is one of those things where it all depends on context and your practice can be very similar to how you would do other citations in-text. Ultimately, make it clear for your reader. If it is clear based on the narrative of your text that you are still referring to the appendix, it is not necessary to cite it again. On the other hand, if it might be unclear whether you are writing in reference to the appendix, then cite it again. by Gabe Gossett on Sep 16, 2020
• What if you are referencing two different appendices (in-text citation)? Should it be (see Appendix A and Appendix B) or (see Appendices A and B) ... I can't find any rules around the parenthetical reference to the appendices. Thank you! by Barbara on Mar 21, 2021
• @Barbara: I don't know of any particular guidance on plural references to appendices. Either would probably be fine, though my suggestion would be to go with (see Appendices A and B) for conciseness. by Gabe Gossett on Mar 31, 2021
• When I cite a document I have included in an appendix AND in my reference list, how do I write the in-text citation? Or, if I have it as an appendix, should I simply not cite the reference? Eg, "As stated in document X (Doc X, 2004; see Appendix B)..." by Gunita on Jan 23, 2022
• @gunita: How to cite the document will probably depend how it is presented in the appendix. If the entire document is the appendix. Say Appendix A presents the in-depth research results from something related to your paper, and you reference the results in your paper/report you can direct the reader to the table in Appendix A for more detail. If you are pulling the table from another resource, you would, of course, cite the source in the Appendix as well. If your appendix contains information that you did not create (like a research study) and is presenting info from another document, I would cite the direct source (example: "Jones (2004) indicated in their research report that X and Y causes Z. (pp. 198-200). See Appendix A for a detailed table." And then include another citation to Jone in your appendix. If you created the info in the Appendix (it was based on original research and was a report you wrote expanding or explaining details related to the research), you can refer to the Appendix (Example: "In the preliminary research, A and B did not contribute to the success of C. See Appendix A for more detail...") Keep in mind that these are only two examples and they are based on my interpretation of APA. There are different ways to present similar information. by Elizabeth Stephan on Jan 26, 2022
• 1. When citing in text for example (see Appendix J), does this have to be in italics? and does the ("see") bit need a capital S ("See...") in text or does this not matter? 2. Also, when you have an Appendix which contains more than 1 part e.g questionnaire measures how can I cite this in the text? For example, would it be appropriate to say (see Appendix B6, Appendix B) or would (see Appendix B6) be sufficient? 3. When you are referring to a figure from the Appendix would I say (see Figure J9, Appendix J) and if I am referring to more than one figure would I say (see Figures J1, J2 & J3, Appendix J) by Maera on Aug 18, 2022
• Is necessary to have appendix reference in parentheses or is okay to end a sentance with a reference without parentheses? E.g. "...assumptions were not met, see appendix A." by Marge on Sep 10, 2022
• @Marge and Maera: Apologies for the late reply on your questions in the comments here. Marge, I don't see specific guidance in the APA Manual on this, but if you are referring to the appendix in the narrative of your text I would assume that a parenthetical citation for the appendix would be unnecessary, just like narrative in-text citations for sources cited. Maera, the example provided in the APA Manual does not use italics. For your other questions, while there is not specific information on how to refer to content within an appendix, but having more precise information for readers tends to be helpful, so I suggest erring on the side of including that information. by Gabe Gossett on Sep 19, 2022

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APA Citation Style 7th Edition

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What goes into an Appendix?

Where is an appendix placed, labeling the appendix, formatting the appendix.

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"Material that supplements the content of the paper, but would be distracting or inappropriate to include in the body of the paper is to be placed in an appendix." This includes "materials that are relatively brief and that are easily presented in print format" ( Publication Manual of the APA: 6th edition , section 2.13; Publication Manual of the APA: 7th edition , section 2.14). Examples include "mathematical proofs, lists of words, a questionnaire used in the research, a detailed description of an apparatus used in the research, etc" ( Purdue OWL .)

An appendix (or appendices) follow the reference list. Use the following order for your paper:

• Abstract ( if required, start on a new page, numbered page 2)
• Text (start on a new page, numbered 3)
• References (start on a new page)
• Tables (start each on a new page)
• Figures (start each on a new page; include caption on page with figure)
• Appendices (start each on a new page)
• If only one appendix, label it Appendix
• If more than one appendix: label each one with a capital letter (Appendix A, Appendix B, etc.) in the order in which it is mentioned in the text
• Each appendix must have a title
• In the text, refer to appendices by their labels:

"produced the same results for both studies (see Appendices A and B for complete proofs)."

• Begin each appendix on a separate page
• At the top of the page, center the word Appendix and the identifying capital letters (A, B, etc.) in the order in which they are mentioned in the text.
• Center the title of the appendix using uppercase and lowercase letter on the next line
• Begin the text of the appendix flush left, followed by indented paragraphs.

A sample appendix is below:

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APA 7th edition - Paper Format: Appendices

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How to Format An Appendix - Tutorial

• APA Appendices - JIBC Tip Sheet All you need to know about appendices in APA Style.

Information in this section is as outlined in the APA Publication Manual (2020), sections 2.14, 2.17, 2.24, and 7.6.

Appendices are used to include information that supplement the paper’s content but are considered distracting or inappropriate for the overall topic. It is recommended to only include an appendix if it helps the reader comprehend the study or theoretical argument being made. It is best if the material included is brief and easily presented. The material can be text, tables, figures, or a combination of these three.

Placement :

Appendices should be placed on a separate page at the end of your paper after the references, footnotes, tables, and figure. The label and title should be centre aligned. The contents of the appendix and the note should be left-aligned.

• If you are choosing to include tables and figures in your appendix, then you can list each one on a separate page or you may include multiple tables/figures in one appendix, if there is no text and each table and/or figure has its own clear number and title within the appendix.
• Tables and figures in an appendix receive a number preceded by the letter of the appendix in which it appears, e.g. Table A1 is the first table in Appendix A or of a sole appendix that is not labeled with a letter.

The follow elements are required for appendices in APA Style:

Appendix Labels:

Each appendix that you place in your paper is labelled “Appendix.” If a paper has more than one appendix, then label each with a capital letter in the order the appendices are referred to in your paper (“Appendix A” is referred to first, “Appendix B” is referred to second, etc).

• The label of the appendix should be in bold font, centre-aligned, follow Title Casing, and is located at the top of the page.
• If your appendix only contains one table or figure (and no text), then the appendix label takes the place of the table/figure number, e.g. the table may be referred to as “Appendix B” rather than “Table B1.”

Appendix Titles:

Each appendix should have a title, that describes its contents. Titles should be brief, clear, and explanatory.

• The title of the appendix should be in bold font, centre-aligned, follow Title Casing, and is one double-spaced line down from the appendix label.
• If your appendix only contains one table or figure (and no text), then the appendix title takes the place of the table/figure title. 

Appendix Contents:

• Left aligned and indented; written the same as paragraphs within the body of the paper
• Double-spaced and with the same font as the rest of the paper
• If the appendix contains a table and/or figure, then the table/figure number must contain a letter to correlate the table and/or figure to the appendix and not the body of the paper, e.g. “Table A1” rather than “Table 1” to clarify that the table appears in the appendix and not in the body of the paper.
• All tables and figures in an appendix must be mentioned in the appendix and numbered in order of mention. 
• All tables and figures must be aligned to the left margin, (not center aligned), and positioned after a paragraph break, preferably the paragraph in which they are referred to, with a double-spaced blank line between the table and the text. 
• Each table and figure should include a note afterwards to further explain the supplement or clarify information in the table or figure to your paper/appendix and can be general, specific, and probability. See “Table Notes” in the section “Table and Figures” above for more details.

Referring to Appendices in the Text:

In your paper, refer to every appendix that you have inserted. Do not include an appendix in your work that you do not clearly explain in relation to the ideas in your paper.

• In general, only refer to the appendix by the label (“Appendix” or “Appendix A” etc.) and not the appendix title.

Reprinting or Adapting:

If you did not create the content in the appendix yourself, for instance if you found a figure on the internet, you must include a copyright attribution in a note below the figure. 

• A copyright attribution is used instead of an in-text citation. 
• Each work should also be listed in the reference list. 

Please see pages 390-391 in the Manual for example copyright attributions.

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How to Write an APA Appendix

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Amanda Tust is a fact-checker, researcher, and writer with a Master of Science in Journalism from Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism.

 damircudric / Getty Images

• When to Use an Appendix
• What to Include
• Basic Rules

If you are writing a psychology paper for a class or for publication, you may be required to include an appendix in APA format. An APA appendix is found at the end of a paper and contains information that supplements the text but that is too unwieldy or distracting to include in the main body of the paper. 

APA format is the official writing style used by the American Psychological Association . This format dictates how academic and professional papers should be structured and formatted. 

Does Your Paper Need an APA Appendix?

Some questions to ask about whether you should put information in the body of the paper or in an appendix:

• Is the material necessary for the reader to understand the research? If the answer is yes, it should be in your paper and not in an appendix.
• Would including the information interrupt the flow of the paper? If the answer is yes, then it should likely appear in the appendix.
• Would the information supplement what already appears in your paper? If yes, then it is a good candidate for including in an appendix.

Your appendix is not meant to become an information dump. While the information in your appendices is supplementary to your paper and research, it should still be useful and relevant. Only include what will help readers gain insight and understanding, not clutter or unnecessary confusion.

What to Include in an APA Appendix

The APA official stylebook suggests that the appendix should include information that would be distracting or inappropriate in the text of the paper.

Some examples of information you might include in an appendix include:

• Correspondence (if it pertains directly to your research)
• Demographic details about participants or groups
• Examples of participant responses
• Extended or detailed descriptions
• Lists that are too lengthy to include in the main text
• Large amounts of raw data
• Lists of supporting research and articles that are not directly referenced in-text
• Materials and instruments (if your research relied on special materials or instruments, you might want to include images and further information about how these items work or were used)
• Questionnaires that were used as part of your research
• Raw data (presented in an organized, readable format)
• Research surveys

While the content found in the appendix is too cumbersome to include in the main text of your paper, it should still be easily presented in print format.

The appendices should always act as a supplement to your paper. The body of your paper should be able to stand alone and fully describe your research or your arguments.

The body of your paper should not be dependent upon what is in the appendices. Instead, each appendix should act to supplement what is in the primary text, adding additional (but not essential) information that provides extra insight or information for the reader. 

Basic Rules for an APA Appendix

Here are some basic APA appendix rules to keep in mind when working on your paper:

• Your paper may have more than one appendix.
• Each item usually gets its own appendix section.
• Begin each appendix on a separate page.
• Each appendix must have a title.
• Use title case for your title and labels (the first letter of each word should be capitalized, while remaining letters should be lowercase).
• If your paper only has one appendix, simply title it Appendix. 
• If you have more than one appendix, each one should be labeled Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, and so on.
• Put the appendix label centered at the top of the page.
• On the next line under the appendix label, place the centered title of the appendix. 
• If you refer to a source in your appendix, include an in-text citation just as you would in the main body of your paper and then include the source in your main reference section.
• Each appendix may contain headings, subheadings, figures, and tables. 
• Each figure or table in your appendix should include a brief but explanatory title, which should be italicized. 
• If you want to reference your appendix within the text of your paper, include a parenthetical note in the text. For example, you would write (See Appendix A).

Formatting an APA Appendix

How do you format an appendix in APA? An APA appendix should follow the overall rules on how to format text. Such rules specify what font and font size you should use, the size of your margins, and the spacing of the text.

Some of the APA format guidelines you need to observe:

• Use a consistent font, such as 12-point Times New Roman or 11-point Calibri
• Double-space your text
• All paragraphs should be indented on the first line
• Page numbering should be continuous with the rest of your paper

The appendix label should appear centered and bolded at the top of the page. A descriptive title should follow and should also be bolded and centered. As with other pages in your paper, your APA format appendix should be left-aligned and double-spaced. Each page should include a page number in the top right corner. You can also have more than one appendix, but each one should begin on a new page.

Data Displays in an APA Appendix

When presenting information in an appendix, use a logical layout for any data displays such as tables or figures. All tables and figures should be labeled with the words “Table” or “Figure” (sans quotation marks) and the letter of the appendix and then numbered.

For example, Table A1 would be the first table in an Appendix A. Data displays should be presented in the appendix following the same order that they first appear in the text of your paper.

In addition to following basic APA formatting rules, you should also check to see if there are additional guidelines you need to follow. Individual instructors or publications may have their own specific requirements.

Where to Include an APA Appendix

If your paper does require an appendix, it should be the very last pages of your finished paper. An APA format paper is usually structured in the following way:

Your paper may not necessarily include all of these sections. At a minimum, however, your paper may consist of a title page, abstract, main text, and reference section. Also, if your paper does not contain tables, figures, or footnotes, then the appendix would follow the references.

Never include an appendix containing information that is not referred to in your text. 

A Word From Verywell

Writing a paper for class or publication requires a great deal of research, but you should pay special attention to your APA formatting. Each section of your paper, including the appendix section, needs to follow the rules and guidelines provided in the American Psychological Association’s stylebook.

American Psychological Association. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). Washington DC: The American Psychological Association; 2020.

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

How do I use APA Citation Style

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Figures, Tables and Appendices

Figure example and formatting, table example and formatting, attribution statements for tables and figures, more examples of attribution statements.

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Tables, figures and appendices are used to provide additional information and evidence throughout your written work.  Below you will find guidelines and examples for formatting and incorporating these three important types of information into your paper.  The information below is NOT COMPREHENSIVE .  Please refer to the APA Style Manual , or APA Style Blog  for more complete information.  Click on the tabs to the left to navigate to specific examples below.  General guidelines include:

Figures and Tables:

• Figures and tables provide information that is essential at the time of reading the written paper.
• Figures and tables are numbered (e.g. Table 1, Table 2, Figure 1, Figure 2).
• Figures usually show images, photographs, illustrations, etc. which are non-textual.
• Tables usually show numbers or text organized into rows and columns.
• A figure or table should not be split between two pages.
• Note: Some instructors might prefer for tables and figures to go at the end of the paper.  When in doubt, talk with your instructor!

Appendices:

• Appendices provide supplementary support for your paper, but the information is not typically critical while reading the document.
• Appendices are lettered (e.g. Appendix A, Appendix B), and each appendix should start on a new page.
• Appendices go after the list of references. 

Formatting notes:

• Figure should be left-justified
• Figure label : Bold at top of figure, numbered in order of appearance: Figure 1
• Title : Italicized, in title-case, descriptive of information in the table: Buergeria Species from Taiwan
• Note : The word 'Note' is italicized and followed by a period.  The note should contain descriptive information about the figure, as well as an ' attribution statement ' if you are using an image, photograph, etc. from another source.  The attributed source should also have an entry in the reference list.

Here is the corresponding reference list example for the attribution example above:

Lam, C. (2015, March 25). Orange back [Photograph]. Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/rvXSiu

• Table should be left-justified
• Table label : Bold at top of figure, numbered in order of appearance: Table 1
• Title : Italicized, in title-case, descriptive of information in the table: H arry Potter Characters and Their House Affiliation, Blood Status and Wand Types
• Note : The word 'Note' is italicized and followed by a period.  The note should contain descriptive information about the table, data or analysis technique. If you are using data from another source, include an ' attribution statement '.  The attributed source should also have an entry in the reference list.

Here is the corresponding reference list entry for the above table example.  When citing data sets in your reference list, cite the entire dataset (compared with one file from a dataset). This dataset is updated frequently, therefore it is important to include the date of retrieval:

Demiryurek, G. (2021). Harry Potter dataset [Data set]. Kaggle. Retrieved June 23, 2021, from

https://www.kaggle.com/gulsahdemiryurek/harry-potter-dataset?select=Characters.csv 

When reproducing or adapting information from a table, chart or figure from another source, add in a note below your table, chart or figure to include the details of the source.  Written permission for print and electronic reuse must be obtained from the copyright holder, if you are publishing your work.

General guidelines for attributing sources:

• If you are using an images or tables taken wholly or adapted from another source, you must include an attribution statement in the Note for the figure or table.  You must also include a reference for the source in the reference list .
• For tables where you are including data from several sources, you can include normal in-text citations in the table or note, which will point to the reference list .  If you are using in-text citations, you will usually still have a descriptive note, but you do not need an attribution statement.

Read more here: https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2016/01/navigating-copyright-part-4.html

Refer to the following table for creating an attribution statement:

Appendices include supplemental materials that may not be essential during the reading of a paper, but provide additional information for the reader.  Appendices go at the end of the document after the reference list.

• If there is one Appendix, label it as "Appendix."  If there are two or more, label them each with a capital letter (e.g. Appendix A, Appendix B).
• Each appendix should have a title that describes its contents.
• The appendix label and title should be in bold, centered and in title case at the top of the page where the appendix begins.  The label and title should be on separate lines.
• Each appendix should start on a new page.
• Appendices can include text, figures, tables, etc., or a combination of related information in different formats.  
• If there is only one figure or table in an appendix, then the appendix label and title take the place of the normal figure or table formatting. 
• For appendices with more than one figure or table, the figures and tables are formatted as described above.  The numbering, however, would include a letter.  For instance, Figure B3, is the third figure in Appendix B.
• As with tables and figures, each appendix should be referred to in the text at the appropriate time (e.g. "see Appendix A").  
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Generate accurate APA citations for free

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APA In-Text Citations (7th Ed.) | Multiple Authors & Missing Info

Published on November 4, 2020 by Raimo Streefkerk . Revised on September 30, 2022.

In-text citations briefly identify the source of information in the body text. They correspond to a full reference entry at the end of your paper.

APA in-text citations consist of the author’s last name and publication year. When citing a specific part of a source, also include a page number or range, for example (Parker, 2020, p. 67) or (Johnson, 2017, pp. 39–41) .

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Table of contents

Apa in-text citations explained in 4 minutes, parenthetical vs. narrative citations, apa in-text citations with multiple authors, no author, date or page number, multiple sources in one parenthesis, avoiding ambiguity in apa in-text citations, citing indirect sources (“as cited in”), citing personal communication, general mentions of websites and software, example paragraph with in-text citations, frequently asked questions.

The in-text citation can be placed in parentheses or naturally integrated into a sentence.

• Parenthetical : There is a correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers (Parker, 2019) .
• Narrative: Parker (2019) found a correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers.

The publication year appears directly after the author’s name when using the narrative format. The parenthetical citation can be placed within or at the end of a sentence, just before the period. Check out a full example paragraph with in-text citations .

If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation or “and” in a narrative citation. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”.

Group authors known by their abbreviations (e.g., CDC) are written in full the first time and are abbreviated in subsequent citations.

If the author of a source is unknown, try to determine if there is an organization or government responsible for creating the content. If so, include its name in the in-text citation (and reference entry).

Alternatively, use the source title in place of the author. Italicize the title if it’s italicized in the reference entry (except for court cases , which are italicized in the in-text citation but not the reference entry). Otherwise, enclose it in double quotation marks.

Apply title case capitalization, and shorten long titles. The first word of the title should always be included so readers can easily locate the corresponding reference entry.

• (“U.S. Flood Risk,” 2015)
• ( Thinking, Fast and Slow , 2017)

No publication date

If the publication date is unknown, write “n.d.” (no date) in the in-text citation.

No page number (alternative locators)

Page numbers are only required with direct quotes in APA . If you are quoting from a work that does not have page numbers (e.g., webpages or YouTube videos ), you can use an alternative locator, such as:

• (Liu, 2020, 03:26 )
• (Johnson, 2019, Chapter 3 )
• (McCombes, 2016, para. 4 )
• (Davis, 2016, Slide 15 )
• (Flores, 2020, Table 5 )
• (Streefkerk, 2020, “No page number” section )

Note that Bible citations always use chapter and verse numbers, even when page numbers are available:

If a statement is supported by multiple sources, the in-text citations can be combined in one parenthesis. Order the sources alphabetically, and separate them with a semicolon.

When citing multiple works from the same author, list the years of publication separated by a comma.

When in-text citations are ambiguous because they correspond to multiple reference entries, apply the solutions outlined in the table below.

If you want to refer to a source that you have found in another source, you should always try to access the original or primary source .

However, if you cannot find the original source , you should cite it through the secondary source that led you to it, using the phrase “as cited in”.

If the publication date of the primary source is unknown, include only the year of publication of the secondary source.

Only include a reference entry for the secondary source, not the primary source.

Personal communications , such as phone calls, emails, and interviews, are not included in the reference list because readers can’t access them. The in-text citation is also formatted slightly differently.

Include the initials and last name of the person you communicated with, the words “personal communication,” and the exact date in parentheses.

General mentions of a website or software don’t have to be cited with an in-text citation or entry in the reference list. Instead, incorporate relevant information into the running text.

• The website of Scribbr (www.scribbr.com) contains various useful resources.
• Statistical software SPSS (version 25) was used to analyze the data.

When citing a webpage or online article , the APA in-text citation consists of the author’s last name and year of publication. For example: (Worland & Williams, 2015). Note that the author can also be an organization. For example: (American Psychological Association, 2019).

If you’re quoting you should also include a locator. Since web pages don’t have page numbers, you can use one of the following options:

• Paragraph number: (Smith, 2018, para. 15).
• Heading or section name: ( CDC, 2020, Flu Season section)
• Abbreviated heading:  ( CDC, 2020, “Key Facts” section)

Instead of the author’s name, include the first few words of the work’s title in the in-text citation. Enclose the title in double quotation marks when citing an article, web page or book chapter. Italicize the title of periodicals, books, and reports.

If the publication date is unknown , use “n.d.” (no date) instead. For example: (Johnson, n.d.).

The abbreviation “ et al. ” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors . Here’s how it works:

Only include the first author’s last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).

Always include page numbers in the APA in-text citation when quoting a source . Don’t include page numbers when referring to a work as a whole – for example, an entire book or journal article.

If your source does not have page numbers, you can use an alternative locator such as a timestamp, chapter heading or paragraph number.

If you cite several sources by the same author or group of authors, you’ll distinguish between them in your APA in-text citations using the year of publication.

If you cite multiple sources by the same author(s) at the same point , you can just write the author name(s) once and separate the different years with commas, e.g., (Smith, 2020, 2021).

To distinguish between sources with the same author(s) and  the same publication year, add a different lowercase letter after the year for each source, e.g., (Smith, 2020, 2021a, 2021b). Add the same letters to the corresponding reference entries .

In an APA in-text citation , you use the phrase “ as cited in ” if you want to cite a source indirectly (i.e., if you cannot find the original source).

Parenthetical citation: (Brown, 1829, as cited in Mahone, 2018) Narrative citation: Brown (1829, as cited in Mahone, 2018) states that…

On the reference page , you only include the secondary source (Mahone, 2018).

An APA in-text citation is placed before the final punctuation mark in a sentence.

• The company invested over 40,000 hours in optimizing its algorithm (Davis, 2011) .
• A recent poll suggests that EU membership “would be backed by 55 percent of Danish voters” in a referendum (Levring, 2018) .

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Streefkerk, R. (2022, September 30). APA In-Text Citations (7th Ed.) | Multiple Authors & Missing Info. Scribbr. Retrieved April 2, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-style/in-text-citation/

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Referencing in APA 7th Style

• Referencing Overview
• In-text Citations
• Reference Lists
• Websites and Reports
• Social and Digital Media
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Legal Sources
• Figures and Tables
• Other Sources
• When would you use an appendix?

Sometimes you may wish to include material as a supplement to a document, but would not be appropriate or necessary to include in the main body. This material can be included as an appendix if it would help your reader, such as providing further detail to understand your work or replicate a study you have carried out. 

The type of material you might include in an appendix could be:

A full search strategy of a literature search

Full set of data from research you have carried out

Templates of questionnaires/scales/tests as relevant to your document

Other detailed or complex information that you may have provided in a summarised format in the main body

• Begin each appendix on a separate page after your references.
• Give each appendix a label and a title on separate lines at the top of the page for each appendix.
• If your document has one appendix you would label it Appendix, if you have multiple appendices you would label them individually in order as Appendix A, Appendix B, and so on.
• Each appendix needs to be mentioned using its label in the body of your assignment eg. the full data set can be found in Appendix A.
• The appendix title should describe its content.
• If an appendix contains multiple tables and figures these would need to be labelled and titled separately eg. Table A1, Figure B2. When referring to them in the body of your assignment you would refer to the label of the individual figure or table rather than the overall appendix.
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Q. How to refer to appendices in the text of my paper in APA 7?

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Related topics, answered by: rachel lerner last updated: jul 12, 2021     views: 454.

The only thing that APA stipulates is that you refer to the appendix by its label (appendix a, etc). There are in-line references with and without further information (ex: see Appendix A for details on the questionnaire), but it does lend more clarity, so you can include it if you wish.

For more information on APA 7, please visit the  Netter Library APA 7 Citation Help Guide .

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APA Citation Guide (7th Edition): Reference List and Sample Papers

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Sample Papers

The APA Style website contains several  sample papers formatted in seventh edition APA Style. The sample papers were published in both annotated and non-annotated formats. The annotations draw attention to relevant content and formatting and provide users with the relevant sections of the Publication Manual (7th ed.) to consult for more information.

Sometimes authors wish to include material that supplements the paper's content but that would be distracting in the text of the paper. Such material can often be included in an appendix. If you are adding an appendix to your paper, here are a few rules to follow:

• The appendix appears after the Reference list, tables, and figures.
• Each appendix begins on a new page.
• If you only have one appendix, label it Appendix. If you have more than one appendix, name the first appendix Appendix A, the second appendix Appendix B, etc.
• The appendices should appear in the order that the information is mentioned in your paper.
• Each appendix should be mentioned (called out) at least once in the text by its label (e.g., "see Appendix A").
• Place the appendix label and title in bold and centered on separate lines at the top of the page on which the appendix begins.
• Use title case for the appendix label and title.

Reference List

A Reference list provides a reliable way for readers to locate the works authors cite. Here are a few rules for a Reference list:

• The Reference list appears after the text and before any tables, figures, and appendices.
• The Reference list begins on a new page.
• Label the Reference list "References." Center this heading and use a bold font.
• Double-space the list.
• Start the first line of each reference at the left margin; indent each subsequent line 0.5 inches (a hanging indent).
• Put your list in alphabetical order. Alphabetize the list by the first word in the reference. In most cases, the first word will be the author’s last name. Where the author is unknown, alphabetize by the first word in the title, ignoring the words a, an, the.
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APA 7th Guide: Formatting Resources

• Formatting Resources

In-Text Citations

• Database Specific Formatting

Paper Formatting

Short Direct Quotes

Long Direct Quotes

References Page

Different Sources

Paper Formatting Checklist for Students

General formatting.

• Header includes page numbers, right aligned at the top of each page
• Margins are 1 inch on all sides
• All text is double spaced
• All paragraphs are left-aligned
• All paragraphs in the Text have the first line indented
• Font may be 12pt Times New Roman*
• Header may include a running head*
• Text is center aligned
• Full title of the paper, bolded
• Author name(s)
• Affiliated institution and department
• Course number
• Instructor Name
• Assignment due date (Month Day, Year)
• Left aligned 
• No paragraph indentation
• Usually no more than 250 words
• Starts on a separate page from the Title Page/Abstract
• Title of the paper in level 1 heading format at the top of the first page
• The first line of each paragraph is indented 1/2 inch
• Section headings to organize content

Reference List

• Starts on a new page, separate from the Text
• "References" is capitalized, bold, and centered at the top of the page
• Left aligned with a hanging indent on each reference entry
• Organized alphabetically by the first letter in each reference entry

Tables & Figures* 

• Can appear in the text after the paragraph in which they were mentioned or at the end of a paper after the reference list
• Number (bolded)
• Brief title in italics
• Note following

Appendices*

• Appears in the text after Tables and Figures or the Reference List
• Each appendix is referenced parenthetically in the Text
• Each starts on its own page
• Appendix (X) and Title must be centered and bold at the top of the page

*Not required in the APA 7th Ed. Manual for students, but may be required by your professor.

Which Font?

APA 7th Ed. permits several styles of font, depending on whether the text will be read on a screen or in physical copy. Always check to see if your professor requires a certain font, especially since Times New Roman 12pt font has been the default for so long.

Sans-serif fonts for reading on a screen

• Calibri 11 pt.
• Arial 11 pt.
• Lucida Sans Unicode

Serif fonts for reading in physical copy

• Times New Roman 12pt.
• Georgia 11pt.
• Computer Modern 10pt.

Online Resources for APA Style

• Style & Grammar Guidelines This page links to brief explanations of every aspect of the APA 7th edition manual.
• APA Style Blog Official companion to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 7th Edition.
• Essentials of Paper Formatting A page with links to the essentials of general guidelines for formatting your paper in APA 7th Ed.
• Sample APA 7th Ed. Papers The American Psychological Association has provided a few example papers for both student and professional formatting.
• Purdue OWL APA 7th The Online Writing Lab (OWL) is provided and maintained by Purdue University. It contains examples and detailed explanations of APA 7th edition style guidelines.
• General Paper Formatting Handout
• Types of References Handout
• Formatting Checklist Handout

Level 1 Heading

     This is the highest level of heading and should be used to denote the primary sections within a paper such as the Methods, Discussion, or Conclusion of a paper. Level one headings should be centered, bolded, use title case (upper and lower case letters). All headings should be the same font size as the rest of your manuscript.

Level 2 Heading

     Use this level of heading to organize topics within the major sections of your manuscript. For example, you could have sections for sample selection, participant recruitment, and/or assessment tool in the methods section of your manuscript. The level 2 heading is formatted the same as the level 1 heading except it should be flush with the left margin.

Level 3 Heading  

     This heading is very useful for organizing specific subjects within a topic. For example, if assessing different sources in a literature review, list the name of each source as a level 3 heading at the beginning of the paragraph in which a specific source is discussed. This heading is formatted the same as a level 2 heading, except it is italicized.

Tables & Figures

Each table is assigned a number in bold based on the order it is used in the article (i.e. Table 1 ). Located below the table number (and just above the table itself) should be a clear but concise title in italics and title case. Notes about the table go underneath the table. To format one, put " Note. " in italics with a period or colon then follow it with a description or explanation.

Example provided courtesy of Dr. Kandi Pitchford.

For more information on formatting and when to use tables, check out the link below.

Each figure is assigned a number in bold based on the order it is used in the article (i.e.  Figure 1 ). Located below the figure number (and just above the figure itself) should be a clear but concise title in italics and title case. Notes about the figure go underneath. To format a note, put " Note. " in italics with a period or colon then follow it with a description or explanation.

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Note:  Emblem provided with the approval of South College

For more examples and guidelines for how and when to use figures in a paper, follow the link below.

• APA Figures

Formatting Appendices

• What is an appendix?
• How do I use an appendix?
• How do I make an appendix?

An appendix is a section that can come after the reference list that includes supplementary content that doesn't belong in the main text.

Examples:  results table from a cited source, an info-graphic, a guideline checklist, or a diagram of complex equipment.

Point readers to the content of an appendix in the body of an article by referring to the corresponding appendix heading. Each appendix should be referred to at least once in the text with a parenthesis.

Example:  This kitchen is rated a 5 on the Hazard Scale (for more information on the Hazard Scale, see Appendix B). 

Format an appendix the same way you would start a reference list, with "Appendix" and the title bolded and centered at the top of a new page. If there is more than one appendix, start each on a new page and include a capital letter with the heading. Appendices are lettered and organized by the order they are referred to in the body of the article.

Example: 

Hazard Scale

• 1 - The room is completely safe and the likelihood of being injured is very low.
• 2 - The room is relatively safe, but injury is likely if one is inattentive to the environment.
• 3 - The room is completely unsafe and injury or illness is very likely.

APA Librarian

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APA 7th Edition - University of Lincoln

• APA style and referencing
• Main changes from the 6th edition to the 7th edition of APA
• In-text citations
• Common citation queries
• Example start of an assignment with in-text citations
• Reference list
• Example reference list
• Guidance on writing in APA style

Appendix/Appendices

• Figures and tables
• Secondary referencing
• Book with a single author
• Book with two authors
• Book with three to 20 authors
• Edited book
• Chapter in an edited book
• Book with no author
• Edition of a book other than the first
• Dictionary/ thesaurus or encylopedia
• One volume of a multi-volume work
• Diagnostic manual
• Journal article with one author
• Journal article with two authors
• Journal article with three to 20 authors
• Journal article with 21 or more authors
• Advance online publications or articles in press
• Special issue or special section in a journal
• Journal articles with an article number instead of page numbers
• Official publications and reports
• Webpages and websites
• Advertisements
• Conference sessions, paper and poster presentations
• Film, television, radio
• Law and legal references
• Treaties and international conventions
• Newspaper articles
• Personal communications
• Powerpoint slides
• Social media
• Software and mobile apps
• Tests, scales and inventories
• Theses, dissertations
• Translated works
• AI and ChatGPT
• Statistical tests This link opens in a new window
• Education subject guide This link opens in a new window
• Psychology subject guide This link opens in a new window
• Sport & Exercise Science subject guide This link opens in a new window

The appendix (plural appendices) is placed at the end of the a piece of academic work after the reference list and contains additional material which supports the body of the work but which would be distracting or inappropriate to include within the text itself. The appendix can include text, tables, figures, or a combination of these.

Begin each appendix on a new page. Each appendix requires a label which is followed on the next line by a title which describes the subject of the appendix. The label should be Appendix or, if there is more than one, label each appendix with a capital letter, e.g. Appendix A, Appendix B, etc. in the order in which they are mentioned in the text. 

The label and the title should be in bold and centered and written in title case (i.e. capitalise all major words).

Each appendix should be mentioned at least once in the text and should be referred to in text by the specific label - e.g. (see Appendix A).

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Capstone Form and Style

More apa style guidelines: appendices.

APA 7 addresses appendices and supplemental materials in Section 2.14 and on page 41. As a general guide, appendices are appropriate for any material that, if presented in the main body of the document, would unnecessarily interrupt the flow of the writing. In Walden doctoral capstone studies, you may include some appendices with supplementary information. If so, remember that

• The appendices follow the reference list.
• They are lettered A, B, C, and so forth. If you have only one appendix, however, simply label it Appendix.
• Appendices are paginated continuously in the upper-right corner of all pages.
• The materials in the appendix must not extend beyond the margins of the rest of the document: Reduce the size of the appendix materials as needed.
• Appendices are labeled following the ordering of appendices in the text (APA 7, Section 2.14). Appendix A should be the first appendix referred to the text and the first appendix in the appendices.
• Tables and figures are placed in separate appendices. The appendix title serves as the title for a table if it is the only table in the appendix. These tables and figures are not included in the Table of Contents.
• If you decide that certain tables and figures should appear in the same appendix, number them A1, A2, A3, and so forth, according to the appendix in which they appear. Add these tables and figures to the List of Tables or List of Figures, following the last table or figure from the narrative chapters.
• Personal contact information or other sorts of identifying information from any materials in an appendix should be deleted. This will protect your privacy and that of any other researchers, mentors, or participants.
• Any consent form(s) you may have included at the proposal or IRB review stages should be deleted.
• Letters of permission should be included in an appendix. Any published material not in the public domain requires permission from the copyright holder. Note that permission to use a published survey instrument or other test instrument is a separate permission and must be included in your manuscript. See the ProQuest information on copyright and permissions in graduate research.
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APA 7th Referencing

• APA 7th referencing
• Author information

In-text citations

• Reference lists
• Journal & newspaper articles
• Books & book chapters
• Websites & social media
• Course materials
• Dictionaries & encyclopedias
• Audio-visual media
• Secondary sources
• Other reference examples
• Education sources
• Health sources
• Indigenous Knowledges
• Legal sources
• Academic Writer & APA style guide
• Referencing tools & training
• More referencing styles This link opens in a new window

Acknowledgement

This guide is based on the University of Queensland's  APA7th Referencing style guide  and is used under a  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

• Date of publication
• Page numbers
• Can't find it here?
• Parenthetical in-text citations include the author's family name and year of publication within parenthesis (Thompson, 2018).
• Narrative in-text citations include the author's family name in the sentence and the year of publication follows in parenthesis "Thompson (2018) has argued that ......."
• The in-text citation appears within the body of the paper where the information has been referred to – whether that is within the main body of the text or a table, figure, footnote or appendix. This allows readers to find the corresponding entry in the alphabetical reference list at the end of the paper that will contain the full details of the source.
• Each source cited in-text must appear in the reference list, and each source in the reference list must appear in-text (or in a table, figure, footnote, or appendix).

Please refer to  Author information  for detailed advice.

If you have two or more works by different authors

• List works alphabetically (as they appear in the reference list)
• Separate references with a semicolon ;   e.g.  (Noble et al., 2015; Walker, 2011)  OR   Noble et al. (2015) and Walker (2011) stated that ...

If you have two or more works by same author(s)

• Order references by year of publication
• Put n.d. (no date) references first
• Put "in press" references last
• Only use the author family name or groups name once then list the years
• e.g.  (Lewis, n.d., 2012, 2015, 2016, in press) OR  (Education Queensland, 2011, 2013) OR  (Education Queensland, 2011; Lewis, 2012, 2015, 2016, in press)
• E.g. (Cleary, 2019) or "Thompson (2018) argues that ..."
• If the month is provided in the publication details do not include it. 
• E.g. (Harris, n.d.)
• E.g. (Taylor, in press).
• It is sometimes helpful to your reader to be specific about what part of the work contains the relevant information,  e.g. page numbers (Cleary, 2019, p.16) or (Cleary, 2019, pp.16-18).
• When including quotes in-text you should include the specific part of the source that the quote comes from.
• Tables, chapters, paragraphs or figures can also be helpful,  e.g. (Cleary, 2019, Table 3).

For works without a page number , you can add:

• paragraph number (manually count if not listed),  e.g. (Kennedy, 2019, para.8)
• heading or section name,  e.g. (Harris, 2018, Behaviour Therapy section)
• act, scene and line(s) for plays,  e.g. (Wilde, 1895/1997, 1.1.6-8) (means Act 1.Scene 1.Line(s) 6-8)
• canonically numbered sections for religious or classical works,  e.g. (Genesis 15:6) (include book, chapter, verse, line or canto in place of page number)

For a fuller list of examples see  APA Style Citing Specific Parts of a Source

• Academic writer: APA's tool for teaching and learning effective writing This link opens in a new window Academic Writer is produced by APA to help with academic referencing and writing. It provides quick guides, tutorials, self-quizzes, sample papers, sample references, sample tables, and sample figures to help you master the APA style.
• APA Style Blog The APA Style Blog is written by APA Style experts and provides advice on all aspects of the style, including the trickier nuances. Use the search tool for specific queries or browse the Style and Grammar Guidelines from the drop down menu at the top of the page.
• Direct quotes
• Block quotes
• Quoting audiovisual works
• A direct quotation reproduces word-for-word material taken directly from another author’s work, or from your own previously published work.
• If the quotation is fewer than 40 words, incorporate it into your sentences and paragraphs, and enclose it in double quotation marks ( "..." ).
• Include the author, year, and specific page number for that quotation.  Place a comma after the year and use  p.  for single page,  pp.  for multiple pages
• Place the citation directly after the quotation.
• For material without page numbers, give the paragraph number or a time stamp.
• Include a complete reference in the reference list.

David Copperfield starts with "Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show" (Dickens, 1869, p. 1/1998, p. 1).

(Smith, 2003, p. 105)   OR   Smith (2003) has argued that "......" (p. 105)

(Brown, 1999, pp. 49-50) OR   As Brown (1999) found "......" (pp. 49-50) 

If the quotation comprises 40 or more words, include it in an indented, freestanding block of text, without quotation marks. Make it double spaced. For example:

Whether I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, or whether that station will be held by anybody else, these pages must show. To begin my life with the beginning of my life, I record that I was born (as I have been informed and believe) on a Friday, at twelve o’clock at night. It was remarked that the clock began to strike, and I began to cry, simultaneously. (Dickens, 1896, p. 1/1998, p. 1)

Note that a page number is required. Place a comma after the year and use p. for single page, pp. for multiple pages.

Add a  time stamp  in place of a page number when quoting from audiovisual works such as videos, songs, TV shows.

(Yates, 2019, 1:14)

(Henderson, 2017, 2:30:14)

(Anderson, 2019, 2:17) OR   Anderson (2019) noted that "...." (2:17)

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• Last Updated: Mar 28, 2024 8:12 AM
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How do I do an APPENDIX in APA style?

How do I create an APPENDIX in APA style?

What is an appendix?

• A section at the end of a paper that includes information that is too detailed for the text of the paper itself and would "burden the reader" or be "distracting," or "inappropriate" (APA, 2019, p. 41-42).
• lengthy lists (short lists belong in the paper itself)
• detailed descriptions (essential details should be in the paper itself)
• instructions to participants; tests, scales, inventories
• demographic details for subpopulations studied by the paper

Where does the Appendix appear in the paper?

• text of paper
• references list
• tables 

How to format an appendix:

• You may have more than one appendix (aka appendices)
• Each appendix should deal with a separate topic
• In addition to the limitations of email, Cummings et al. (2002) reviewed studies that focused on international bank employees and college students (see Appendix B for demographic information).
• The first appendix referred to in the paper would be named Appendix A
• The second appendix referred to in the paper would be named Appendix B
• If you have more than 26 appendices, start the alphabet over with AA, BB, CC, and so on.
• If there is only one appendix, it is just called Appendix
• Each appendix must also have a title
• Begin each appendix on a separate page with page number
• Place the label and title of each appendix at the top of the page, centered, bold, using normal capitalization. Label first, title second.
• The first paragraph is flush left and not indented.
• The second and following paragraphs are indented as "normal" paragraphs are.
• All paragraphs are double spaced.
• Exception to the tables/figures numbering rule: add the letter of the appendix (A, B, C, etc.) to the figure or table number (e.g., Table B3 would be the third table in Appendix B).
• If your appendices use information from an outside source, cite it parenthetically within the text of the appendix and include the reference in the main references list for the paper (do not create a separate references list).

A sample appendix is below.

• Abstracts & Appendices
• Last Updated Jul 06, 2020
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• Answered By Kerry Louvier

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Comments (40)

• Not only did this answer my question, it answered several questions I hadn't even considered yet. Excellent resource! by Magnus on Nov 23, 2016
• Great resource to use, very helpful info. Thank you for the visual example. by Anonymous on Dec 15, 2016
• Extraordinarily helpful by Ashna on Feb 27, 2017
• This information was very helpful! The instructions and example provided clarity. by Student on Mar 06, 2017
• What about page numbering? Is it continuous or does it restart at the beginning of the appendix section or does each appendix have its own page numbering (e.g. A1, A2, B1, B2...)? Sara, Librarian Answer: Page numbering is continuous, it does not restart at the appendix section. by Brent on Apr 21, 2017
• Does APA style require a whole section page for appendices? As in, a page with APPENDIX (or APPENDICES) written in the middle of the page before the actual appendices themselves? Sara, Librarian Answer: No. A page like that is unnecessary. by Sara on Apr 28, 2017
• When I have an assignment limiting to a particular number of pages (lets say 6 pages), do the appendix pages count as one of those six pages? Sara, Librarian Answer: Typically the appendix pages do not count as part of the paper. However, we suggest that you check with your instructor to make sure that's their expectation. by Katie on May 03, 2017
• Hello If I add tables or/and figures to my appendix. Do I have to make a new page for every new table/figure or am I allowed to just leave a line and then begin with the new table/figure? Sara, Librarian Answer: You can have as many figures and/or tables in one single appendix as makes sense. Each figure/table should still be formatted in APA and include a caption. by Kerstin on May 09, 2017
• If I have multiple pages to a report that I'd like to include in one appendix (they are all part of the same report), do I continue to title each page Appendix A? Sara, Librarian Reply: No. You only need to title the first page of each different appendix. by Allison on Jun 06, 2017
• Thank you for this exceedingly abundantly helpful resource. Janie Richter by Jane Richter on Jun 23, 2017
• How are appendices displayed in the ToC? Since the title is on a separate line my template is only showing "Appendix" but I'm wondering if it should show "Appendix - Title." Sara, Librarian Reply: Hi Brad, different colleges and universities, departments and individual instructors have their own preferences for the format of the title page, table of contents, and other items that are particular to academic papers, so the APA manual doesn’t cover these formats. Since your instructor is responsible for the curriculum and grading rubrics, check with them to find out how they would like your appendix titles to appear in the table of contents. by Brad on Jul 29, 2017
• I'm required to transcript an interview and add it to my paper. My first question is, do I add this interview as an appendix? If so, how do I do this considering the parameters of the APA style? Thank you in advance! Sara, Librarian Reply: You can add an interview transcript as an appendix. We highly recommend you talk to your instructor about how they want the transcript formatted and added to your paper. If your instructor doesn't have any specific parameters for formatting in the appendix, we recommend sticking to standard APA formatting style: 12pt, Times New Roman font, double spaced, and 1 inch margins. by dcrada on Aug 01, 2017
• Hi, I was just wondering what you name your appendix if you have more than 26 and have run out of alphabet letters? Sara, Librarian Reply: If you run through the alphabet and still have additionally appendices, then we recommend you start over again with Appendix AA, BB, CC, and so on. by F on Aug 31, 2017
• This is great! Much easier and quicker to read and grasp than the APA style guide. by Lily on Sep 03, 2017
• How do I provide in text reference to a table which appears in my appendix? I know I have to refer to the table by table number but how do I say which page it is on in the appendices? Sara, Librarian Reply: Hi Robin, you would do an in-text reference like you would for any other source: (Appendix B, Figure 1). See the APA Style Blog for more information about citing parts of a work: http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2013/11/how-to-cite-part-of-a-work.html by Robin on Oct 30, 2017
• How would you reference a figure from an appendix in-text? (see Fig. 4) or (see Appendix B, Fig.4 for more information). Sara, Librarian Reply: Hi TJ, we recommend that you include which appendix you are referencing in-text. So the example you would use is (Appendix B, Figure 4). Please see the APA Style Blog if you need any additional clarification http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2013/11/how-to-cite-part-of-a-work.html by Me on Oct 31, 2017
• Do I need to reference an appendix each time it comes up in the document or just the first time it is referenced? Sara, Librarian Reply: Just as you would with an in-text citation, every time you mention an appendix make sure you reference it. by Linda G on Nov 05, 2017
• If the appendix is a survey or other pre-formatted document, what are the requirements for spacing of the body? Does it still need to be double spaced? Sara, Librarian Reply: Different colleges and universities, departments and individual instructors have their own preferences for the formatting of documents added as appendices. We highly recommend that you talk with your instructor/advisor about if they want your document reformatted to be double spaced. by Deborah on Dec 21, 2017
• Nice work helped me alot by Leo Rice on Mar 04, 2018
• How would I go about citing information that I used to create a figure within my appendix? Do I need to cite in the appendix where I obtained the information that I used in the graphs/tables? Sara, Librarian Reply: Do an in-text citation in your appendix (just like you would in the body of your paper) for the information you are quoting, paraphrasing, or summarizing. Then add the full reference/citation information to the main references list for your paper. by Nikki on Mar 13, 2018
• Hi, can you clarify how I refer to tables in an appendix in APA 6th? Do I need to write (see Table 1 in Appendix A) or is it (see Table A1) or is there another way? thank you. Sara, Librarian Reply: Hi Bill, to refer to the Appendix within your text, write (see Appendix A) at the end of the sentence in parentheses. If you are referring to a table, you would then write (see Appendix A, Table 1). I hope that helps clarify things for you! by Bill on Mar 14, 2018
• I adapted a figure from an image I found in the 2nd page of a paper Appendix. In the caption of figure, should I write ,Appendices, instead of the page number which is not available? Thank you in advance. Sara, Librarian Reply: Yes, in the caption you should write which appendix you got the figure from. by Souha on Mar 14, 2018
• Excellent and detailed explanation. Very helpful... by Murox Tobby on Mar 20, 2018
• Thank you this was so helpful by angie on Mar 25, 2018
• My paper includes a long part with a lot of different events and dates. Therefore, I want to summarize each event and attach it as a table in the Appendix. Do I have to add citations in this table, although I already included all citations in the text and the table does solely contain information from my main text? Sara, Librarian Reply: Hi Jake. Yes, if your appendix includes tables or figures, treat them as they would be treated in the main text and add the citations. by Jake on Apr 26, 2018
• If a text in my paper refers to the Appendix more than once in my text, should I reference the Appendix each time? Sara, Librarian Reply: Yes. As with citing, so with referencing your appendices: always cite/reference your source. by Adrian on Apr 30, 2018
• Hello :) If I have a few pages from a manual I used for my dissertation, and I want to place them in the appendix, how do I do so? Because if I insert them normally, the plagiarism detection software will detect them as copied, I presume. Thanks! Sara, Librarian Reply: Hi Martina, is there a reason you want to put them in an appendix instead of just citing the section of the source in your dissertation? Do the pages themselves add something to your paper that justifies the duplication? If you still want to add those pages to your appendix, then add them normally. You should also ask your faculty advisor for their opinion or reference your institution's formatting guide. by Martina on May 01, 2018
• Thank you so much for this! The visual representation was very helpful, particularly because the APA Guide was very hard to interpret in respect to the Appendices. I would've put the label and name down incorrectly in my thesis if it wasn't for this! by Maddy on Oct 27, 2018
• Great work! Your presentation helps me a lot, including the questions and answers portion! by Belen,php on Nov 23, 2018
• Does the appendix include a page number and a header? Sara, Librarian reply: Yes. The appendix should include a page number and a header. by Alyssa on Feb 03, 2019
• I am trying to cite the appendix of my e-book for my paper. How do I do that? by Shashi on Mar 21, 2019
• Very helpful. Well detailed and on point. Thank you so much by Peter Wanyangi on Apr 02, 2019
• Thank you for this reference. The example helped solidify my questions about how to effectively use and appendix. Great! by A on May 07, 2019
• A very useful and highly relevant information. Thank you all. by Dr Sam V Daniel on Sep 23, 2019
• Excellent, nicely presented and comprehensive. Loved going through it. by Anoop Tiwari on Oct 28, 2019
• Excellent explanation, love it, fully helped and thanks a lot. by Godwine Okoth on Jan 22, 2020
• This was exceedingly helpful,thanks a lot by Favour Anne on Mar 18, 2020
• This resource is so incredibly helpful - thank you by Jennifer on Jun 06, 2021
• This is a very useful explanation. It has answered more than one question.Highly relevant information. by Carol Nelson on Nov 14, 2022
• This is a great reference. thank you! by Carlos on Apr 28, 2023

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How to cite an appendix in APA

There is no specific format to cite an appendix in APA, so we adapted the format of a chapter to fit an appendix.

To cite an appendix in a reference entry in APA style 6th edition include the following elements:

• Author(s) of the appendix: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to seven authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For eight or more authors include the first six names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
• Appendix title: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• Editor(s) or Author of the book: Give the name of the author or editor of the book. If it is an editor, write the name (e.g. J. Smith), followed by (Ed.) or (Eds.) respectively. If not available, omit this part. @
• Title of the book: Book titles are italicized. Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalised.
• Page numbers: Give the full page range.
• Place of publication: List the city and the US state using the two-letter abbreviation. Spell out country names if outside of the UK or the USA.
• Publisher: Give the name of the publisher but omit terms, such as Publishers, Co., and Inc. Retain the words Books and Press.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of an appendix in APA style 6th edition:

Author(s) of the appendix . ( Year of publication ). Appendix title . In Editor(s) or Author of the book , Title of the book . (pp. Page numbers ). Place of publication : Publisher .

To cite an appendix in a reference entry in APA style 7th edition include the following elements:

• Author(s) of the appendix: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Editor(s) or Author of the book: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 editors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more editors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and the last editor’s name. End with Ed. or Eds., respectively, in round brackets.
• Edition number: Include information about the edition if it is not the first.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of an appendix in APA style 7th edition:

Author(s) of the appendix . ( Year of publication ). Appendix title . In Editor(s) or Author of the book , In Title of the book . ( Edition number ed., pp. Page numbers ). Publisher .

APA reference list examples

Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the APA style guidelines for an appendix citation in action:

An appendix in a book with one author

Reagan, T. G . ( 2010 ). Appendix II: Statement on the recognition of the national sign languages of the deaf . In Language policy and planning for sign languages ( pp. 189-191 ). Washington, DC : Gallaudet UP .

Reagan, T. G . ( 2010 ). Appendix II: Statement on the recognition of the national sign languages of the deaf . In Language policy and planning for sign languages ( pp. 189-191 ). Gallaudet UP .

An appendix in a book with two editors

Støttrup, J. G., & McEvoy, L. A. (Eds.) . ( 2003 ). Appendix IV: Web sites for culture collections . In Live feeds in marine aquaculture ( p. 307-308 ). Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science .

Støttrup, J. G., & McEvoy, L. A. (Eds.) . ( 2003 ). Appendix IV: Web sites for culture collections . In Live feeds in marine aquaculture ( p. 307-308 ). Blackwell Science .

This citation style guide is based on the official Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association ( 6 th edition).

More useful guides

• How to Reference Appendix Items in Papers in APA
• How to cite part of a work

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• Chicago: how to cite a book chapter
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APA appendix is a separate section that provides supplementary information that doesn't fit the main body of a paper. It can include information such as research, formulas, data sets, images, and diagrams. APA style has special requirements to labeling and formatting appendices.

If you are reading this article, then you obviously want to know what an APA appendix is. But how do you deal with it? What does it include? How can you create and format it in the first place? Learn how to properly label your sources from different texts and media in one APA format paper . In this article you will find all the information you need, without reaching out to other online sources. Let's get started!

When Should I Do an Appendix

Prior to creating an appendix, you should ask yourself if you should do it at all. If your data fits in your paper's body, then appendices are not needed. But if an additional information is too large, we suggest that you resort to making an addition to your work. Same goes if it will interrupt the flow of your text, or if it has any useful supplement. For example, if you created a survey, then you can include the results in an appropriate part of your work. This will allow you to leave the rest of information to your addition. Mention it in main paper's body, and you're golden. Make sure that information you put is relevant, though. Don't turn it into a useless dump: it shouldn't confuse a reader, but help them in getting an additional insight. Need an APA paper writer ? Resort to StudyCrumb! Our writing service offers a huge team of academic professionals who can tackle papers in any format, including APA.

Appendix APA: Overview

APA appendix is not just a section of a work that includes all the information that didn't fit in a work itself, but a section that must follow strict formatting rules. Keep them in mind when you create your own!

• You can have several appendices.
• Grant your appendices their own separate page for each.
• And a title, for which you should use a title case.
• One appendix can be labeled just so; if they are several, name them Appendix A, Appendix B, etc.
• Center the label at the top of a page, and a title - on a page under it.
• You can use citations. Make in text citation APA and include all sources in your main reference section.
• You can include figures, subfigures and tables with their own short italicized explanatory title.
• Use parenthetical citations if you want to refer to it in text.
• Don't forget to include all appendices in the table of contents.

APA Appendix Format

The time has come to learn an appropriate appendix APA format. It is not as scary as it seems, though: just follow the basic rules of formatting. They usually specify font and font size, spacings and size of margins. Observe:

• Choose your font and stick to it. Preferably it is 12-point Times New Roman or 11-point Calibri.
• Double-space your text.
• Indent all your paragraphs on the first line.
• Don't forget to number your pages. They should continue the numbering of your paper.

APA Appendix Example

All this talk is good and informative, but what is it without an appendix example in APA? We know that sometimes it is easier to comprehend presented information with a nice visual. Remember, that you can easily put letters, tables, questionnaires, interview transcripts and a lot more. Make it great! And check out our example.

An Appendices: Organizing and Labeling

When dealing with appendices, there are truly just a handful of rules you should remember. As we mentioned before, you should label your appendix as Appendix, if it is the only one you have. If there are multiple, name them Appendix A, Appendix B, and so on according to the English alphabet . Whether you have tables, figures or subfigures, you should always give them a brief description. It must be italicized, as to avoid confusion with the rest of the (possible) text. Make it brief - no one wants to read a huge explanation, when it can be easily summarized in a few words. Lastly, remember to present and label your appendices in the order they are referred to in the main text. Maybe you are looking for APA results section , we have the whole blog dedicated to this topic.

APA Appendix: Bottom Line

Formatting your appendix in APA style is a pretty easy ordeal, once you get a hang of it. General guidelines, provided by the 7th edition, are simple, as not to confuse you, dear reader. We hope that our article was of a good aid to you and wish you good luck on your future writing!

Our writing service is always happy to help! We have a team of academic advisors that will create a perfect masterpiece on any topic and deliver in before the deadline. Don't hesitate to contact them with ‘ write a paper for me ’ request!

Frequently Asked Questions About Appendix APA

1. where do appendices go in an apa style paper.

As a rule, APA appendices are put at the very last pages of your paper. It doesn't really matter how many sections in your main text you have - an appendix will always be at the end of it. Usually it goes right after the reference list.

2. Do I need to number my appendices in APA Style?

Yes, you absolutely need to number your appendices in APA style! If there are multiple of them, you must label them as "Appendix A", "Appendix B", and so on. But if you only have one, leave it as is and don't add any lettered numbering to it.

3. Does appendix go before or after references in APA?

Knowing whether the appendix goes before the references APA can greatly help at the end of your writing, when all that's left is placing everything in the correct order. Short answer is yes, it does. Especially so, if your paper does not contain tables, figures, or footnotes.

4. How do you reference an appendix in APA 7?

Referencing an appendix in APA 7 is no different than doing so in other editions of this formatting style. Use parenthetical citations in your paper's body and reference an appendix with a capital letter. Add lettered numbering if there are multiple appendices.

Emma Flores knows all about formatting standards. She shares with StudyCrumb readers tips on creating academic papers that will meet high-quality standards.

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APA Appendix – Construction, Rules & Examples

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While an appendix is fairly self-explanatory, academic writing styles have their own conventions on how to create and use this section of a paper. The APA appendix comes at the end of your paper and provides supplementary material not present within the main body with the purpose of complementing the primary text. It typically offers deeper insight into the research and results. Master the task of creating and formatting an APA appendix below.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

• 1 APA Appendix – In a Nutshell
• 2 Definition: APA appendix
• 3 When is it relevant to create an APA appendix?
• 4 APA appendix format
• 5 Naming and structuring an APA appendix

APA Appendix – In a Nutshell

• An APA appendix isn’t mandatory.
• An APA appendix contains supplementary material that is too detailed or distracting if included in your main text.
• Do not use an APA appendix as an info dump – appendix information should be included for value and research transparency, and only if it is referenced within your research.
• An APA appendix appears as the last section of your paper, clearly labelled with APA style conventions.
• Refer to tables and figures within your main text just as they appear in your appendix.

Definition: APA appendix

An appendix is derived from the Latin “appendere” (“to add”).

In academic terminology, an appendix is the end section of a paper where extra information is provided for the reader. The plural of appendix is appendices. Appendices often consist of research materials in the form of tables and figures, but textual appendices are also permitted. The APA style advocates for the APA appendix to be placed very last, after references, in a paper’s order.

When is it relevant to create an APA appendix?

Appendices aren’t mandatory and should only be included if they help the reader understand, interpret or evaluate your main argument. As all essential information is included within the text, including figures and tables, only supplementary material appears in appendices. However, appendices can be useful for listing the following:

• Interview transcripts that are partially quoted within your main argument. This is for transparency.
• Complete and detailed statistical data. You can provide supplementary tables for figures, like charts, used in your main body.
• Detailed descriptions of items or complex equipment used in your research.
• Full documents or forms used in your research, whether test group questionnaires or scales.

An APA appendix doesn’t just appear without any reference. Each APA appendix must be mentioned at least once within your paper’s main body. If you don’t actually refer to an appendix, do not include it.

When you reference or discuss information found in an appendix, you don’t need to repeat the appendix name each time you discuss the general topic.

“Interviewee C described her experiences growing up in Holmes County, Ohio as “formative” (see Appendix C for full interview transcripts) .”

APA appendix format

An APA appendix section follows similar formatting conventions to other sections in the APA style:

• The title appears bold and centered at the top of the page.
• Underneath the main appendix title you’ll provide a descriptive title for the content. (similarly formatted)
• The rest of the appendix follows the APA style with a left-aligned and double-spaced text layout .
• Page numbers should be listed in the top right header .

Note: Always start a new appendix on a separate page , not underneath another.

Naming and structuring an APA appendix

You should present your appendices in alphabetical order that relates to their reference position within your text. Appendix A will be the first appendix mentioned, and so on.

An APA appendix must be titled and referenced correctly. If you have just one appendix, this is simply titled “Appendix” and appears as “see Appendix” in the text. However, if you’re using multiple appendices, follow the titling convention of “Appendix A”, “Appendix B” and so on.

You can include additional tables and figures within your APA appendix. However, unlike their use within your main text, appendix-based tables and figures follow different labeling conventions.

Each appendix has its own alphabetical label followed by a numerical reference for each table/figure included.

Refer to individual tables and figures within your main text with the above conventions, e.g., (see Fig C1). However, if an appendix consists of just one figure or table, you can refer to it by the appendix name, like “Appendix C”.

What is an appendix?

An appendix is a section of your paper that includes additional information to supplement your research. Examples of content include interview transcripts and raw data.

Can I cite external sources in my APA appendix?

Yes. Follow APA in-text citation guidelines by treating your appendix like the main text. Any sources must be included in the Reference List section.

Do I need to include an APA appendix?

An appendix is not mandatory but should be used where appropriate. If in doubt, consult your professor or subject guidelines.

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APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)

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APA References: Artificial Intelligence : Home

Text & image generated by ai, artificial intelligence.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is ubiquitous in all our lives. We may not see it, but we encounter some type or form of AI in our professional, personal, and educational experience. According to the CSU Global policy on AI , "Some faculty can encourage the use of AI tools in the classroom to support student innovation and creativity on assignments and help students develop a solution path" (Colorado State University Global [CSUG], 2024).

If you are required to use AI for an assignment, this guide is designed to help you properly cite AI if you use it to generate text or an image for your course. 

Reference Structure

Since the results of an AI tool like ChatGPT are not replicable by your reader, you will want to include the prompt used to generate the text in the body of your document. Another option would be to include the entire response from the AI tool in the appendix of your paper. 

Here is an example of how you would indicate the full text of ChatGPT generated responses in the appendix of your paper. If you do create appendices or supplemental materials, but sure to include at least one reference to them in the body of your APA Style paper.  

If you are including an AI-generated image into your document, follow the same rules you would from the APA Style for Tables, Figures, & Math page. Start with a figure number (bold) followed by an image title (italicized). Beneath the image, include a Note with details about the prompt used and the source. You will also want to include the full citation in your References list. 

• Last Updated: Apr 5, 2024 8:40 AM
• URL: https://csuglobal.libguides.com/artificial_intelligence

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