Robotics: What Are Robots? Robotics Definition & Uses.

essay about robot technology

Robotics Technology

Robotics is an interdisciplinary sector of science and engineering dedicated to the design, construction and use of mechanical robots. Our guide will give you a concrete grasp of robotics, including different types of robots and how they’re being applied across industries.

What Is Robotics?

Robotics is the intersection of science, engineering and technology that produces machines, called robots, that replicate or substitute for human actions. Robots perform basic and repetitive tasks with greater efficiency and accuracy than humans, making them ideal for industries like manufacturing. However, the introduction of artificial intelligence in robotics has given robots the ability to handle increasingly complex situations in various industries.

What Is a Robot?

A robot is a programmable machine that can complete a task, while the term robotics describes the field of study focused on developing robots and automation. Each robot has a different level of autonomy. These levels range from human-controlled bots that carry out tasks to fully-autonomous bots that perform tasks without any external influences.

In terms of etymology, the word ‘robot’ is derived from the Czech word robota , which means “forced labor.” The word first appeared in the 1920 play R.U.R. , in reference to the play’s characters who were mass-produced workers incapable of creative thinking.

Robotics Aspects

Mechanical construction.

The mechanical aspect of a robot helps it complete tasks in the environment for which it’s designed. For example, the Mars 2020 Rover’s wheels are individually motorized and made of titanium tubing that help it firmly grip the harsh terrain of the red planet.

Electrical Components

Robots need electrical components that control and power the machinery. Essentially, an electric current — a battery, for example — is needed to power a large majority of robots.

Software Program

Robots contain at least some level of computer programming. Without a set of code telling it what to do, a robot would just be another piece of simple machinery. Inserting a program into a robot gives it the ability to know when and how to carry out a task.

What Are the Main Components of a Robot?

Control system.

Computation includes all of the components that make up a robot’s central processing unit, often referred to as its control system. Control systems are programmed to tell a robot how to utilize its specific components, similar in some ways to how the human brain sends signals throughout the body, in order to complete a specific task. These robotic tasks could comprise anything from minimally invasive surgery to assembly line packing.

Sensors provide a robot with stimuli in the form of electrical signals that are processed by the controller and allow the robot to interact with the outside world. Common sensors found within robots include video cameras that function as eyes, photoresistors that react to light and microphones that operate like ears. These sensors allow the robot to capture its surroundings and process the most logical conclusion based on the current moment and allows the controller to relay commands to the additional components.

A device can only be considered to be a robot if it has a movable frame or body. Actuators are the components that are responsible for this movement. These components are made up of motors that receive signals from the control system and move in tandem to carry out the movement necessary to complete the assigned task. Actuators can be made of a variety of materials, such as metal or elastic, and are commonly operated by use of compressed air (pneumatic actuators) or oil (hydraulic actuators) but come in a variety of formats to best fulfill their specialized roles.

Power Supply

Like the human body requires food in order to function, robots require power. Stationary robots, such as those found in a factory, may run on AC power through a wall outlet but more commonly, robots operate via an internal battery. Most robots utilize lead-acid batteries for their safe qualities and long shelf life while others may utilize the more compact but also more expensive silver-cadmium variety. Safety, weight, replaceability and lifecycle are all important factors to consider when designing a robot’s power supply. 

Some potential power sources for future robotic development also include pneumatic power from compressed gasses, solar power, hydraulic power, flywheel energy storage organic garbage through anaerobic digestion and nuclear power.

End Effectors

End effectors are the physical, typically external components that allow robots to finish carrying out their tasks. Robots in factories often have interchangeable tools like paint sprayers and drills, surgical robots may be equipped with scalpels and other kinds of robots can be built with gripping claws or even hands for tasks like deliveries, packing, bomb diffusion and much more.

How Do Robots Work?

Some robots are pre-programmed to perform specific functions, meaning they operate in a controlled environment where they do simple, monotonous tasks — like a mechanical arm on an automotive assembly line.

Other robots are autonomous, operating independently of human operators to carry out tasks in open environments. In order to work, they use sensors to perceive the world around them, and then employ decision-making structures (usually a computer) to take the optimal next step based on their data and mission.

Robots may also work by using wireless networks to enable human control from a safe distance. These teleoperated robots usually work in extreme geographical conditions, weather and circumstances. Examples of teleoperated robots are the human-controlled submarines used to fix underwater pipe leaks during the BP oil spill or drones used to detect landmines on a battlefield.

Types of Robotics

Humanoid robots.

Humanoid robots are robots that look like or mimic human behavior. These robots usually perform human-like activities (like running, jumping and carrying objects), and are sometimes designed to look like us, even having human faces and expressions. Two of the most prominent examples of humanoid robots are Hanson Robotics’ Sophia and Boston Dynamics’ Atlas .

Cobots , or collaborative robots, are robots designed to work alongside humans. These robots prioritize safety by using sensors to remain aware of their surroundings, executing slow movements and ceasing actions when their movements are obstructed. Cobots typically perform simple tasks, freeing up humans to address more complex work.

Industrial Robots

Industrial robots automate processes in manufacturing environments like factories and warehouses. Possessing at least one robotic arm, these robots are made to handle heavy objects while moving with speed and precision. As a result, industrial robots often work in assembly lines to boost productivity.

Medical Robots

Medical robots assist healthcare professionals in various scenarios and support the physical and mental health of humans. These robots rely on AI and sensors to navigate healthcare facilities, interact with humans and execute precise movements. Some medical robots can even converse with humans, encouraging people’s social and emotional growth.

Agricultural Robots

Agricultural robots handle repetitive and labor-intensive tasks, allowing farmers to use their time and energy more efficiently. These robots also operate in greenhouses, where they monitor crops and help with harvests. Agricultural robots come in many forms, ranging from autonomous tractors to drones that collect data for farmers to analyze.

Microrobotics

Microrobotics is the study and development of robots on a miniature scale. Often no bigger than a millimeter, microrobots can vary in size, depending on the situation. Biotech researchers typically use microrobotics to monitor and treat diseases, with the goal of improving diagnostic tools and creating more targeted solutions.

Augmenting Robots

Augmenting robots, also known as VR robots , either enhance current human capabilities or replace the capabilities a human may have lost. The field of robotics for human augmentation is a field where science fiction could become reality very soon, with bots that have the ability to redefine the definition of humanity by making humans faster and stronger. Some examples of current augmenting robots are robotic prosthetic limbs or exoskeletons used to lift hefty weights.

Software Bots

Software bots, or simply ‘bots,’ are computer programs which carry out tasks autonomously. They are not technically considered robots. One common use case of software robots is a chatbot , which is a computer program that simulates conversation both online and over the phone and is often used in customer service scenarios. Chatbots can either be simple services that answer questions with an automated response or more complex digital assistants that learn from user information.

Robotics Applications

Beginning as a major boon for manufacturers, robotics has become a mainstay technology for a growing number of industries.

Manufacturing

Industrial robots can assemble products, sort items, perform welds and paint objects. They may even be used to fix and maintain other machines in a factory or warehouse. 

Medical robots transport medical supplies, perform surgical procedures and offer emotional support to those going through rehabilitation.  

Companionship

Social robots can support children with learning disabilities and act as a therapeutic tool for people with dementia. They also have business applications like providing in-person customer service in hotels and moving products around warehouses. 

Consumers may be most familiar with the Roomba and other robot vacuum cleaners. However, other home robots include lawn-mowing robots and personal robot assistants that can play music, engage with children and help with household chores.

Search and Rescue

Search and rescue robots can save those stuck in flood waters, deliver supplies to those stranded in remote areas and put out fires when conditions become too extreme for firefighters.

Pros and Cons of Robotics

Robotics comes with a number of benefits and drawbacks.

Pros of Robotics

  • Increased accuracy. Robots can perform movements and actions with greater precision and accuracy than humans.
  • Enhanced productivity. Robots can work at a faster pace than humans and don’t get tired, leading to more consistent and higher-volume production. 
  • Improved safety. Robots can take on tasks and operate in environments unsafe for humans, protecting workers from injuries. 
  • Rapid innovation. Many robots are equipped with sensors and cameras that collect data, so teams can quickly refine processes. 
  • Greater cost-efficiency. Gains in productivity may make robots a more cost-efficient option for businesses compared to hiring more human workers.

Cons of Robotics

  • Job losses. Robotic process automation may put human employees out of work, especially those who don’t have the skills to adapt to a changing workplace.  
  • Limited creativity. Robots may not react well to unexpected situations since they don’t have the same problem-solving skills as humans. 
  • Data security risks. Robots can be hit with cyber attacks, potentially exposing large amounts of data if they’re connected to the Internet of Things.  
  • Maintenance costs. Robots can be expensive to repair and maintain, and faulty equipment can lead to disruptions in production and revenue losses.  
  • Environmental waste. Extracting raw materials to build robots and having to discard disposable parts can lead to more environmental waste and pollution.

Future of Robotics

The evolution of AI has major implications for the future of robotics. In factories, AI can be combined with robotics to produce digital twins and design simulations to help companies improve their workflows. Advanced AI also gives robots increased autonomy. For example, drones could deliver packages to customers without any human intervention. In addition, robots could be outfitted with generative AI tools like ChatGPT, resulting in more complex human-robot conversations.

As robots’ intelligence has shifted, so too have their appearances. Humanoid robots are designed to visually appeal to humans in various settings while understanding and responding to emotions, carrying objects and navigating environments. With these forms and abilities, robots can become major contributors in customer service, manufacturing, logistics and healthcare, among other industries.

While the spread of robotics has stoked fears over job losses due to automation, robots could simply change the nature of human jobs. Humans may find themselves collaborating with robots, letting their robotic counterparts handle repetitive tasks while they focus on more difficult problems. Either way, humans will need to adapt to the presence of robots as robotics continues to progress alongside other technologies like AI and deep learning.  

History of Robotics

Robotics as a concept goes back to ancient times. The ancient Greeks combined automation and engineering to create the Antikythera, a handheld device that predicted eclipses. Centuries later, Leonardo Da Vinci designed a mechanical knight now known as “Leonardo’s Robot.” But it was the rise of manufacturing during the Industrial Revolution that highlighted the need for widespread automation.

Following William Grey Walter’s development of the first autonomous robots in 1948, George Devol created the first industrial robotic arm known as Unimate. It began operating at a GM facility in 1959. In 1972, the Stanford Research Institute designed Shakey — the first AI-powered robot. Shakey used cameras and sensors to collect data from its surroundings and inform its next moves.

The ability of robots to perceive their surroundings led researchers to explore whether they could also perceive human emotions. In the late 1990s, MIT’s Dr. Cynthia Breazeal built Kismet, a robotic head that used facial features to express and respond to human emotions. This predecessor to social robots opened the door for future robots like Roomba and consumer-centric inventions like Alexa and other voice assistants.

Robots took another leap forward in 2012 due to a breakthrough in deep learning. Armed with volumes of digital images, British AI expert Geoffrey Hinton and his team successfully trained a system of neural networks to sort over one million images while making few errors. Since then, companies have incorporated deep learning into their technologies, promising more possibilities for robotics.

  • (1737) Jacques de Vaucanson builds the first biomechanical automaton on record. Called the Flute Player, the mechanical device plays 12 songs.
  • (1920) The word “robot” makes its first appearance in Karel Capek’s play R.U.R. Robot is derived from the Czech word “robota,” which means “forced labor.”
  • (1926) The first movie robot appears in  Metropolis.
  • (1936) Alan Turing publishes “On Computable Numbers,” a paper that introduces the concept of a theoretical computer called the Turing Machine.
  • (1948) Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal is published by MIT professor Norbert Wiener. The book speaks on the concept of communications and control in electronic, mechanical and biological systems.
  • (1949) William Grey Walter, a neurophysiologist and inventor, introduces Elmer and Elsie, a pair of battery-operated robots that look like tortoises. The robots move objects, find a source of light and find their way back to a charging station.
  • (1950) Isaac Asimov publishes the Three Laws of Robotics .
  • (1950) Alan Turing publishes the paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence,” proposing what is now known as the Turing Test, a method for determining if a machine is intelligent.
  • (1961) The first robotic arm works in a General Motors facility. The arm lifts and stacks metal parts and follows a program for approximately 200 movements. The arm was created by George Devol and his partner Joseph Engelberger.
  • (1969) Victor Scheinman invents the Stanford Arm, a robotic arm with six joints that can mimic the movements of a human arm. It is one of the first robots designed to be controlled by a computer.
  • (1972) A group of engineers at the Stanford Research Institute create Shakey, the first robot to use artificial intelligence. Shakey completes tasks by observing its environment and forming a plan.The robot uses sensors, a range-finder and touch-sensitive apparatus to plan its moves.
  • (1978) Hiroshi Makino, an automation researcher, designs a four-axis SCARA robotic arm. Known as the first “pick and place” robot, the arm is programmed to pick an object up, turn and place it in another location.
  • (1985) The first documented use of a robot-assisted surgical procedure uses the PUMA 560 robotic surgical arm. 
  • (1985) William Whittaker builds two remotely-operated robots that are sent to the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant. The robots work in the damaged reactor building’s basement to survey the site, send back information and drill core samples to measure radiation levels.
  • (1989) MIT researchers Rodney Brooks and A. M. Flynn publish  Fast, Cheap and Out of Control: A Robot Invasion of the Solar System . The paper argues for building many small, cheap robots rather than few big, expensive ones.
  • (1990) A group of researchers from MIT found iRobot, the company behind the Roomba vacuum cleaner. 
  • (1992) Marc Raibert, another MIT researcher, founds robotics company Boston Dynamics. 
  • (1997) Sojourner lands on Mars. The free-ranging rover sends 2.3 billion bits of data back to Earth, including more than 17,000 images, 15 chemical analyses of rocks and soil and extensive data on Mars’ weather.
  • (1998) Furby, a robotic toy pet developed by Tiger Electronics, is released and eventually sells tens of millions of units. Furbys are preprogrammed to speak gibberish and learn other languages over time. 
  • (1999) Aibo, a robotic puppy powered by AI hits the commercial market. Developed by Sony, the robotic dog reacts to sounds and has some pre-programmed behavior.
  • (2000) Cynthia Breazeal creates a robotic head programmed to provoke emotions as well as react to them. Called Kismet, the robot consists of 21 motors, audio sensors and algorithms to understand vocal tone. 
  • (2000) Sony unveils the humanoid Sony Dream Robot, a bipedal humanoid entertainment robot it developed and marketed but never sold.
  • (2001) iRobot’s PackBot searches the World Trade Center site after September 11th.
  • (2002) iRobot creates Roomba. The vacuum robot is the first robot to become popular in the commercial sector amongst the public. 
  • (2003) Mick Mountz and the cofounders of Amazon Robotics (formerly Kiva Systems) invent the Kiva robot. The robot maneuvers around warehouses and moves goods.
  • (2004) Boston Dynamics unveils BigDog, a quadruped robot controlled by humans. The robot is known for being more nimble than previous iterations of robots, as it is capable of only having two feet on the ground at a time. It has 50 sensors and an onboard computer that manages the gait and keeps it stable. 
  • (2004) The Defense Department’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency establishes the DARPA Grand Challenge. A self-driving car race that aims to inspire innovation in military autonomous vehicle tech.
  •  (2005) A Volkswagen Touareg named Stanley wins the second DARPA Grand Challenge. The car uses AI trained on the driving habits of real-world humans and five lidar laser sensors to complete a 131.2-mile course in the Mojave Desert.
  • (2011) NASA and General Motors collaborate to send Robonaut 2, a humanesque robotic assistant, into space on space shuttle Discovery. The robot becomes a permanent resident of the International Space Station.
  • (2013) Boston Dynamics releases Atlas, a humanoid biped robot that uses 28 hydraulic joints to mimic human movements — including performing a backflip.
  • (2012) The first license for a self-driven car is issued in Nevada. The car is a Toyota Prius modified with technology developed by Google. 
  • (2014) Canadian researchers develop ​​hitchBOT, a bot that hitchhikes across Canada and Europe as part of a social experiment.
  • (2016) Sophia, a humanoid robot dubbed the first robot citizen, is created by Hanson Robotics. The robot is capable of facial recognition, verbal communication and facial expression.
  • (2020) Robots are used to distribute COVID-19 tests and vaccinations. 
  • (2020) 384,000 industrial robots are shipped across the globe to perform various manufacturing and warehouse jobs.  
  • (2021) Cruise, an autonomous car company, conducts its first two robotaxi test rides in San Francisco.

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Essay on Robots: Top 17 Essays | Intelligent Machines | Engineering

essay about robot technology

Here is an essay on ‘Robots’ for class 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Robots’ especially written for college students.

Essay on Robots

Essay Contents:

  • Essay on the Reasons for Using Robots

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Essay # 1. Definition of Robot:

Robot, once a creature of science fiction, is today a reality. It is the off-shoot of the second industrial revolution. Robot can be defined as a programmable multi­function manipulator designed or intelligent machine to move material, parts, tools, or specialised devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of variety of tasks.

Today’s robots are fitted with a variety of sensors (like vision, ranging, force-torque, touch, proximity, etc.) sending the sensory information to the computer which processes them subject to given objective and constraints, and develops action decisions for the robot actuators.

Robots are more flexible in terms of ability to perform new tasks or to carry out complex sequences of motion than other categories of automated manufacturing equipment. Generally speaking, robots are machines with some degree of intelligence and operated under the control of a mini or micro-computer.

Industrial robots (tough and tireless) are capable of handling a variety of jobs right from material handling to complex assembly tasks. They perform hazardous and monotonous tasks with tireless precision. They improve productivity and reduce manufacturing costs. They can perform complex jobs. They can even cope with changing conditions in the workplace, when fitted with sensors and adaptive controls.

Essay # 2. Basic Elements of Robots :

The basic elements of industrial robots are manipulator, controller, end effector, sensors and energy source. (Refer Fig. 38.1).

Basic Elements of Robots

The manipulator comprising of base, arm and wrist are the most obvious parts of the robot. The robot’s movements are executed by the mechanical parts like links, power joints, and transmission system along with internal sensors housed within the manipulator.

The controller acts like a brain of robot. It performs the functions of storing and sequencing data in memory, initiating and stopping the motions of the manipulator, and interacting with the environment.

End effector is the tool, a sort of gripper, which directly interacts with the job. Grippers are being designed to handle a wide range of part configurations.

Sensors to sense the environment are essential for intelligent robots.

Energy source is required to cause movement of the manipulator arm. They may take the form of electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic devices.

Essay # 3. General Structure of Robot:

Figure 38.13 shows a general structure of an advanced robot. The operational unit consists of articulated mechanical system (AMS), (comprising of rigid links and kinetic joint), transmission system and actuators (which control the configuration of each articulation). The internal sensors are provided to indicate the position, velocity and forces of the end effector. The external sensors are provided to sense the environment.

essay about robot technology

The structural analysis program provides the user with integrated interactive processing from structural analysis to strength evaluation, by means of a pre-processor for graphics, geometrical modeling, finite element modeling and output graphic functions to be used for displaying the deformation quantity, indicating equi-stress lines, stress diagrams, excess stress, dynamic response and animation.

This system displays the element division diagrams and the vibration characteristics of the entire robot as a result of the frequency response calculation for the component parts of the robot system. In the design stage the strength and rigidity of each part are analysed, while the dynamic characteristics of the entire system are predicted and evaluated for lighter weight and higher rigidity.

ii. Mechanical Design of a Robot :

The mechanical design of a robot is an iterative process involving evaluation and choice among a large number of engineering and technical considerations in several disciplines.

A purely static, rigid-body approach to design is not sufficient and factors like mechanical system stiffness, natural frequencies, control system compatibility also need to be considered. A robot should be designed to have only the flexibility it needs to perform the range of tasks for which it is intended.

The various design consideration are:

(i) System Specification:

It includes range, reach, work envelope, load capacity.

(ii) System Configuration:

It includes the joint configuration, number of degrees of freedom, joint travel range, drive configuration.

(iii) System Performance:

It includes system velocity and acceleration, repeatability, resolution, accuracy, component life and duty cycle. Detailed design of major components concerns the robot structures, robot joints, actuators, transmission, wiring and routing of cables and hoses. One should evaluate the possible flexibility of the robot, grippers, tools, and peripheral units and integrate all components to one system.

Essay # 6. Classification of Robots:

Broadly three classes of robots could be considered:

(i) Pre-Programmable/Re-Programmable General Purpose Industrial Robots:

These operate fully by programmed computer control. These are most useful for all structured operations, i.e. activities whose motion and work handling requirements are known before hand and thus can be programmed.

The robot is taught before-hand to perform the necessary action in the teach mode. The robot can then take over and execute the operation repetitively such as in welding, painting, assembly of components for mass manufacturer, loading/unloading of jobs into and from machine tools, etc.

(ii) Tele-Operated, Man-Controlled Robots or Man-in-the-Loop Manipulator:

These differ from totally machine-controlled robots in the sense that the advantage of presence of man is taken in situations where it is not possible to anticipate all the motion and handling requirements in such details as to render them programmable or teachable for machine control. This type of requirement is found in hazardous locations.

The servo-driven master-slave manipulator with force feedback, or vehicle mounted heavy duty multi-axis power manipulator performs the necessary work in hazardous environment, taking commands from a human controller who can manipulate the slave arms at the scene of operation from safe location, relying for viewing on closed circuit television.

(iii) Intelligent Robots:

These are very advanced, state of the art robots and possess sufficient artificial or machine intelligence, somewhat analogous to the sensory perception of the neuro-muscular coordination that human beings are capable of.

Such intelligent robots can not only explore the environment on their own machine perceptions and evaluate them in real time, but also execute the necessary motor functions matching the action of their sensory inputs.

Advanced robots have been built with mobility to not only move over floors but also to climb, ability to avoid obstacles, high power-to-weight ratios, compactly assembled, with on board sensors, instruments and power supplies.

According to another general method of classification robots are classified as:

(i) Special purpose, designed and produced for a limited range of specific jobs, like welding, painting, casting, assembling, material handling etc.

(ii) General purpose of universal robots designed and produced to perform a wide variety of jobs. These may be non-servo-controlled, servo-controlled or sensory type depending on sophistication.

Essay # 7. Specifications of Robot:

i . Work Envelope:

Work envelope or work volume of a manipulator is defined as the envelope or space within which the robot can manipulate the end of the wrist. It depends on the number of types of joints, physical size of the joints and links and the ranges of various joints.

The shape of work volume is dependent upon the configuration of robot, for example, polar configuration has partial sphere as work space, cartesian coordinate configuration robot has a rectangular work space, and a cylindrical robot has a cylindrical work envelope.

ii .   Load Carrying Capacity:

It is dependent on the physical size and construction of robot, and also on the capability to transmit force and torque to the end effector in the wrist.

iii . Speed:

It varies from one point to other and it can be programmed into cycle so that different portions of cycle are performed at different speeds as desired. Maximum speed may be of the order of 2m/sec. In fact more important than speed is the accelerating and decelerating capability in a controlled manner. Robot may hardly achieve its top rated speed in view of its operation in a confined area.

iv . Repeatability:

It is the measure of the robot’s ability to position an object at a previously taught point in the work envelope. Due to inherent errors present (particularly due to mechanical sources), the robot will not be able to return to exact programmed point.

v . Control Resolution:

It refers to the capability of the system (both controller and the positioning device) to divide the range of total movement into closely spaced points than can be identified. Thus it would represent the minimum noticeable movement achievable. It may be mentioned that controller can generate pulses of very small duration but the positioning device should be able to respond and change its position accordingly.

In such a case:

essay about robot technology

Essay # 9. Control Systems for Robots :

Actuators (pneumatic, electrical, or hydraulic type) are used to move the joints of robots. Electric actuators may be d.c. servo motors or stepping motors. These are preferred type due to compatibility with computers, non-dependence on air or oil supply from outside source.

These are very common for sophisticated robots due to higher accuracy. Pneumatic cylinders are used for smaller robots as in material handling applications. Hydraulic actuators are used to exert high torque and greater speed.

The type of actuator, position and speed sensors, feed-back systems, etc., determine the dynamic response characteristics of the manipulator. Robot’s cycle time is dependent on the speed of response. It may be mentioned that while robots with greater stability are slower in response, the less stable system may tend to oscillate near the set value.

Microprocessor based controllers are used. A hierarchical structure approach is followed, i.e. each joint is actuated by its own controller, and a supervisory controller is used to coordinate the combined actuation of the joints and sequences of the motions.

Depending on sophistication desired, the robot control system may be:

(i) Simple Interlocked System:

This employs no servo control to achieve precise positioning. It is used for simple operations like pick-and-place. Limit switches are used for sequencing the actuation of the joints to complete the cycle.

(ii) Point-to-Point Control with Play Back Facility:

In this system, the various positions/locations, and the sequence to be followed in a cycle are programmed in the memory. The locations and their sequence are played back during the operation. Feed-back control is used to ascertain that desired location is attained.

(iii) Continuous Path Control:

The memory is big to hold information regarding locations of path. In this case path taken by the arm to reach final location is controlled. Servo control is used to maintain continuous control over the position and speed of the manipulator.

(iv) Intelligent Robot:

These can take own decisions when things go wrong during the cycle. These can interact with their environment, communicate with human beings, make computations during the motion cycle, incorporate advanced sensors like machine vision.

Essay # 10. Kinematic Control of Robots:

The various ways in which the robots could be controlled are:

(i) Non-Servo Control:

Non-servo-controlled robots move their arms in an open loop fashion between exact end positions on each axis, or along predetermined trajectories in accordance with fixed sequence. Such controls could be executed either by sequence controllers or by limit switches.

In latter type, more than one position is defined along an axis by indexable stops inserted or withdrawn automatically. A sequence type control steps through a number of pre-set logic steps, which causes one or more joints to move until the appropriate limit switch on the axis is reached.

(ii) Servo-Controlled Robots:

These incorporate feedback devices on the joints or actuators of the manipulator which continuously measure the position of each axis. These have much more manipulative quality and can position the end effector anywhere within the total work envelope.

These could be further classified as:

(a) Point-to-Point Control:

In this system each joint is controlled by an independent position servo with all joints moving from position to position independently. In it, each joint or axis of the robot is moved individually until the combination of joint positions yields the desired position of the end effector.

The way each joint is to move to achieve final position is practiced before-hand and stored in a memory device. As per this stored information each joint runs freely at its maximum or limited rate until it reaches its final position.

Point-to-point motion could be controlled independently in sequence joint control, uncoordinated joint control, or terminally co-ordinated joint control. In sequential joint operation one joint is activated at a time, while all other axes are immobilised.

A single joint may operate more than once in a sequence associated with such a motion. The resulting path of the manipulator end effector will thus have a zig-zag form associated with the motion directions of the manipulator joints.

It results in immediate simplification in the control. However, it causes longer point-to-point motion time. In uncoordinated joint control, the motions are not coordinated, in the sense that if one joint has made some fraction of its motion it does not imply that all other joints will have made the same fractions of their respective motions. When each joint reaches its final position, it holds and waits until all the joints have completed their motions.

Due to non-coordination of motion between joints, the path and velocity of end effector between points is not easily predicted. Terminally co-ordinated joint control is the most useful type of point-to-point control. In it the motion of individual joints are co-ordinated so that all joints attain their final position simultaneously.

It is used primarily in applications where only the final position is of interest and the path is not a prime consideration. Where the continuous path of the end effector is of primary importance to the application, then continuous path control is used.

(b) Continuous Path Control:

It is used where continuous path of the end effector is of primary importance. Continuous path motions are produced by interpolating each joint control variable from its initial value to its desired final value.

Each joint is moved the maximum amount required to achieve the desired final positions to give the robot tool a controlled predicted path. All the joint variables are interpolated to make the joints complete their motions simultaneously, thus giving a co-ordinated joint motion.

Depending on the quantum of information used in the motor control calculation the basic categories of continuous path control techniques are:

(i) Servo control approach (controller has a stored representation of the path to be followed, and the drive signals to the robot’s motors are determined by performing all calculations based on the past and present path tracking error);

(ii) Preview control or feed forward control. (It uses some knowledge about how the path changes immediately ahead of the robot’s current location, in addition to the past and present tracking error used by the servo-controller); and

(iii) Path planning or trajectory calculation approach (controller is fed with a complete description of the manipulator from one point to another. It uses a mathematical physical ‘model’ of the arm and its load, and pre-computes an acceleration profile for every joint, predicting the nominal motor signals that should cause the arms to follow the desired path).

Continuous path control requires lot of memory space to store all the axis positions needed to smoothly record the desired path. In practice, the device is moved actually through the desired path manually and the position of each axis is recorded on a constant time base, thus, generating continuous time history of each axis position.

Essay # 11. Expected Qualities in Robots :

The qualities expected in robots are listed below:

(i) Vision:

The utility of robots will increase several folds by incorporation of vision systems. Vision systems capable of identifying the part for pick up by pattern recognition data based on object’s silhouette have been developed.

Such systems can transform the position and orientation of the object into robot co-ordinates enabling the robot to acquire the object in a known manner. Other type of vision systems can recognise different objects. For each part, a number of distinguishing geometric features can be delineated, including area, perimeter, centre of gravity, number of holes and maximum and minimum radii.

In another vision system, a fibre sensor is used to look at a seam to be welded and automatically adjusts the robot’s weld path.

(ii) Tactile Sensing:

Robots with tactile sensor can identify an object and perform the function based on the referenced data. Grippers have been developed which can pick up any shape of objects and at the same time not exert enough force to crush them.

(iii) Mobility:

Usually the robot stands in a single station for the bulk of factory requirements. However, to handle intermittent and asynchronous demands, compact mobile device which could move in complex paths and access large areas economically has been developed.

(iv) Other Important Qualities in the Process of Development in Robots are:

Computer interpretation of the visual and tactile data, multiple appendage hand-to-hand co-ordination, minimised spatial intrusion, general purpose hands, man-robot voice communication, total self-diagnostic fault tracing, inherent safety, interaction with other technologies, etc.

Essay # 12. Performance Testing of Robots :

Usually following tests are performed on robots to judge their suitability.

(i) Geometric Values:

These include:

(a) Workspace:

Workspace, i.e. the envelope reached by the centre of the interface between the wrist and the tool, using all available axis motions.

(b) Static Behaviour:

It is indication of the deformation of a fixed robot structure under different load cases.

(c) Position Accuracy:

The repeatable accuracy that can be achieved at nominal load and normal operating temperature. This is based on two types of errors, viz., repeatability and reversal error.

(d) Path Accuracy:

The path accuracy of a path- controlled robot indicates at what level of accuracy programmed path curves can be followed at nominal load. The typical errors in path accuracy of a robot are: path accuracy or mean-path dispersion error, trailing error or mean-path deviation, overshoot during acceleration/deceleration.

(e) Reproduction of Smallest Steps:

With very low velocities, the slip-stick effect may become serious and it is hard to control.

(f) Synchronous Travel Accuracy:

(For cases where robot has to perform tasks synchronous to a moving conveyor) as in spray painting and assembly.

(g) Long-Term Behaviour:

It provides information on the time required to achieve thermal stability.

(ii) Kinematic Values:

These include cycle time, speed, and acceleration. It involves measuring of attainable cycle times for a defined sequence in different areas of the working space.

(iii) Power and Noise Values:

Usually measured in decibel at a distance of one metre from the working space.

(iv) Thermal Values:

Changes in temperature effect deviation of the structure.

(v) Dynamic Values:

It involves determination of dynamic behaviour of simple components and the total structure. The response of the robot structure is elicited by the following excitation methods—shaker (sinus, random), hammer (impact), snapback (impact), drives (sinus, random).

Essay # 13. Sensors for Robots :

To carry out its task, a robot must have access to information on predetermined parameters of the environment. Sensors are used to provide this information. The key to the success of closed loop control systems used in robots, in terms of accuracy, reliability and stability relies upon the type, complexity, resolution of the sensor.

It must be remembered that best sensory power has been bestowed by nature in the homomorphic creatures. It is the aim of engineers to attain similar perfection for robots. In order to enable robot perform its duties by understanding the environment around it, sensors provide information like.

(i) Recognition data (to understand the shape, size and features of the object).

(ii) Orientation data (the position of the object in relation to the robot arm co-ordinates in the absolute mode).

(iii) Physical interaction data (to understand the intensity interaction between the end effectors and the object).

The various types of sensors used for this purpose are:

(i) Force sensors (these measure the three mutually orthogonal forces and three orthogonal torques at the tips of the fingers of robot).

(ii) Inertial sensors (these feel the gravity and acceleration generated reaction torques).

(iii) Tactile sensors (these respond to contact forces arising between themselves and objects—used to warn the manipulator of robot to avoid collision when the end effector is near the object).

(iv) Visual sensors (with the use of triangulation or any other algorithm these help in determining the co-ordinates of the object before it is grasped.)

(v) Binary sensors micro-switches, magnetic switches, bimetallic thermal switches, etc. These are used to sense the presence/absence of a part.

(vi) Analog sensors thermocouples, linear variable differential transformers, strain gauges, piezo-electric sensors. These are used when the magnitude of quantity is desired.

(vii) Sensor arrays include pressure sensitive arrays or optical arrays used on the fingers and palm of a gripper. This requires considerable signal processing with a dedicated microprocessor.

Essay # 14. Precautions in the Use of Robots :

Before taking a decision to install a robot, it is important that its use be justified as it costs a lot. Plenty of work should exist for each robot. It is safest to employ robots first on simpler jobs and then put them to complex jobs after gaining experience.

The repetitive tasks, such as picking up heavy parts from one conveyor and placing them on another conveyor, can be easily programmed. Grippers are selected depending on the shape and size of the parts. It is possible to equip them with sensors and computer controls. These can then search the parts for out of position also.

In machine loading and unloading applications, the machines may be grouped around a robot and the robot picks up a part from an incoming conveyor and loads it into a NC lathe and then transfer it to drilling machine, inspect on table, and finally place it on an outgoing conveyor. Thus a system of machines with a robot can be converted into automatic production system.

All operations requiring worker intervention can be completely eliminated. If the shape or size of the part gets changed significantly after machining, then double grippers can be used on robots. To avoid any damage, the gripper of robot must hold the parts securely, exerting sufficient gripping force. Universal grippers are also available for handling parts of different size and shape.

A very nice application of robots is in cleaning of castings, deburring of machined parts, and polishing of parts which is usually fatiguing monotonous, dirty, noisy and sometimes hazardous. In a typical operation, the robot may be programmed to pick up casting from conveyor, presenting it to a rotary cut off wheel or saw removing gates and rise’s, then to a floor stand grinder for removing external flash, then to a grinding head that cleans the interior of the casting and then returning to the second conveyor. All machines should be located and grouped within easy reach of the robot. Stations of such type can handle a wide variety of castings of different shapes and sizes simply by changing programs.

Robots also find wide applications in assembly jobs, spot welding and arc welding. It is observed that robotic welders are about three times more productive than human operators. Robots can also be mounted on tracks so that they can automatically move from one station to another. It is essential to follow safety guidelines strictly in design and operation of robots to avoid any accidents.

Essay # 15. Applications of Robots :

Robots would find successful applications in following situations:

(i) Repetitive operation.

(ii) Other justifications for doing away with manual handling.

(iii) Handling hot or heavy work pieces.

(iv) Production limited by human performance and for endurance.

(v) Quality adversely affected by inconsistent manual handling.

(vi) Where parts have to be repeatedly oriented in the same position.

(vii) Part geometries must permit mechanical handling.

The most useful application of robot is for processes involving hazardous, unpleasant work environment like heat, sparks, fumes, etc. Typical applications in this regard could be die casting, shot welding, spray painting, forging, etc.

The other useful field for use of robots is involving repetitive work cycle which is tiring, fatiguing and boring for operator. Robots give consistent and repeatable results. Robots are essential for applications involving handling of heavy parts or tools.

Industrial robot applications usually involve several pieces of hardware (conveyors, pallets, machine tools, fixtures, etc.) in addition to the robot. Several robots and associated hardware may have to be integrated into a single work-cell.

Layout of the equipment in cell deserves greater attention for optimum results. Various types of layouts may involve centering around single robot, various robots arranged in line, or robots may be mobile. In manufacturing applications, robots may be used to handle tools and work pieces, processing operations, assembly and inspection.

Essay # 17. Reasons for Using Robots :

The reasons for introducing robot into a production process could be:

(i) It relieves man of hazardous or fatiguing tasks.

(ii) It brings improvements in product consistency and quality.

(iii) It offers opportunities for multi-machine manning for multi-shift operation and for wholly unmanned production.

(iv) In countries short of labour, it brings in savings from labour reductions. It increases the output without increasing the labour force.

(v) Robots will lead the way into areas of technology where man has not entered so far.

(vi) Mobile robots with moving arms and wide sensing power will find more applications.

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  • Robots with Jointed-Spherical Co-Ordinated System | Industrial Engineering

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The WIRED Guide to Robots

Modern robots are not unlike toddlers: It’s hilarious to watch them fall over, but deep down we know that if we laugh too hard, they might develop a complex and grow up to start World War III. None of humanity’s creations inspires such a confusing mix of awe, admiration, and fear: We want robots to make our lives easier and safer, yet we can’t quite bring ourselves to trust them. We’re crafting them in our own image, yet we are terrified they’ll supplant us.

But that trepidation is no obstacle to the booming field of robotics. Robots have finally grown smart enough and physically capable enough to make their way out of factories and labs to walk and roll and even leap among us . The machines have arrived.

You may be worried a robot is going to steal your job, and we get that. This is capitalism, after all, and automation is inevitable. But you may be more likely to work alongside a robot in the near future than have one replace you. And even better news: You’re more likely to make friends with a robot than have one murder you. Hooray for the future!

The Complete History And Future of Robots

The definition of “robot” has been confusing from the very beginning. The word first appeared in 1921, in Karel Capek’s play R.U.R. , or Rossum's Universal Robots. “Robot” comes from the Czech for “forced labor.” These robots were robots more in spirit than form, though. They looked like humans, and instead of being made of metal, they were made of chemical batter. The robots were far more efficient than their human counterparts, and also way more murder-y—they ended up going on a killing spree .

R.U.R. would establish the trope of the Not-to-Be-Trusted Machine (e.g., Terminator , The Stepford Wives , Blade Runner , etc.) that continues to this day—which is not to say pop culture hasn’t embraced friendlier robots. Think Rosie from The Jetsons . (Ornery, sure, but certainly not homicidal.) And it doesn’t get much family-friendlier than Robin Williams as Bicentennial Man .

The real-world definition of “robot” is just as slippery as those fictional depictions. Ask 10 roboticists and you’ll get 10 answers—how autonomous does it need to be, for instance. But they do agree on some general guidelines : A robot is an intelligent, physically embodied machine. A robot can perform tasks autonomously to some degree. And a robot can sense and manipulate its environment.

Think of a simple drone that you pilot around. That’s no robot. But give a drone the power to take off and land on its own and sense objects and suddenly it’s a lot more robot-ish. It’s the intelligence and sensing and autonomy that’s key.

But it wasn’t until the 1960s that a company built something that started meeting those guidelines. That’s when SRI International in Silicon Valley developed Shakey , the first truly mobile and perceptive robot. This tower on wheels was well-named—awkward, slow, twitchy. Equipped with a camera and bump sensors, Shakey could navigate a complex environment. It wasn’t a particularly confident-looking machine, but it was the beginning of the robotic revolution.

Around the time Shakey was trembling about, robot arms were beginning to transform manufacturing. The first among them was Unimate , which welded auto bodies. Today, its descendants rule car factories, performing tedious, dangerous tasks with far more precision and speed than any human could muster. Even though they’re stuck in place, they still very much fit our definition of a robot—they’re intelligent machines that sense and manipulate their environment.

Robots, though, remained largely confined to factories and labs, where they either rolled about or were stuck in place lifting objects. Then, in the mid-1980s Honda started up a humanoid robotics program. It developed P3, which could walk pretty darn good and also wave and shake hands, much to the delight of a roomful of suits . The work would culminate in Asimo, the famed biped, which once tried to take out President Obama with a well-kicked soccer ball. (OK, perhaps it was more innocent than that.)

Today, advanced robots are popping up everywhere . For that you can thank three technologies in particular: sensors, actuators, and AI.

So, sensors. Machines that roll on sidewalks to deliver falafel can only navigate our world thanks in large part to the 2004 Darpa Grand Challenge, in which teams of roboticists cobbled together self-driving cars to race through the desert. Their secret? Lidar, which shoots out lasers to build a 3-D map of the world. The ensuing private-sector race to develop self-driving cars has dramatically driven down the price of lidar, to the point that engineers can create perceptive robots on the (relative) cheap.

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Lidar is often combined with something called machine vision—2-D or 3-D cameras that allow the robot to build an even better picture of its world. You know how Facebook automatically recognizes your mug and tags you in pictures? Same principle with robots. Fancy algorithms allow them to pick out certain landmarks or objects .

Sensors are what keep robots from smashing into things. They’re why a robot mule of sorts can keep an eye on you, following you and schlepping your stuff around ; machine vision also allows robots to scan cherry trees to determine where best to shake them , helping fill massive labor gaps in agriculture.

New technologies promise to let robots sense the world in ways that are far beyond humans’ capabilities. We’re talking about seeing around corners: At MIT, researchers have developed a system that watches the floor at the corner of, say, a hallway, and picks out subtle movements being reflected from the other side that the piddling human eye can’t see. Such technology could one day ensure that robots don’t crash into humans in labyrinthine buildings, and even allow self-driving cars to see occluded scenes.

Within each of these robots is the next secret ingredient: the actuator , which is a fancy word for the combo electric motor and gearbox that you’ll find in a robot’s joint. It’s this actuator that determines how strong a robot is and how smoothly or not smoothly it moves . Without actuators, robots would crumple like rag dolls. Even relatively simple robots like Roombas owe their existence to actuators. Self-driving cars, too, are loaded with the things.

Actuators are great for powering massive robot arms on a car assembly line, but a newish field, known as soft robotics, is devoted to creating actuators that operate on a whole new level. Unlike mule robots, soft robots are generally squishy, and use air or oil to get themselves moving. So for instance, one particular kind of robot muscle uses electrodes to squeeze a pouch of oil, expanding and contracting to tug on weights . Unlike with bulky traditional actuators, you could stack a bunch of these to magnify the strength: A robot named Kengoro, for instance, moves with 116 actuators that tug on cables, allowing the machine to do unsettlingly human maneuvers like pushups . It’s a far more natural-looking form of movement than what you’d get with traditional electric motors housed in the joints.

And then there’s Boston Dynamics, which created the Atlas humanoid robot for the Darpa Robotics Challenge in 2013. At first, university robotics research teams struggled to get the machine to tackle the basic tasks of the original 2013 challenge and the finals round in 2015, like turning valves and opening doors. But Boston Dynamics has since that time turned Atlas into a marvel that can do backflips , far outpacing other bipeds that still have a hard time walking. (Unlike the Terminator, though, it does not pack heat.) Boston Dynamics has also begun leasing a quadruped robot called Spot, which can recover in unsettling fashion when humans kick or tug on it . That kind of stability will be key if we want to build a world where we don’t spend all our time helping robots out of jams. And it’s all thanks to the humble actuator.

At the same time that robots like Atlas and Spot are getting more physically robust, they’re getting smarter, thanks to AI. Robotics seems to be reaching an inflection point, where processing power and artificial intelligence are combining to truly ensmarten the machines . And for the machines, just as in humans, the senses and intelligence are inseparable—if you pick up a fake apple and don’t realize it’s plastic before shoving it in your mouth, you’re not very smart.

This is a fascinating frontier in robotics (replicating the sense of touch, not eating fake apples). A company called SynTouch, for instance, has developed robotic fingertips that can detect a range of sensations , from temperature to coarseness. Another robot fingertip from Columbia University replicates touch with light, so in a sense it sees touch : It’s embedded with 32 photodiodes and 30 LEDs, overlaid with a skin of silicone. When that skin is deformed, the photodiodes detect how light from the LEDs changes to pinpoint where exactly you touched the fingertip, and how hard.

Far from the hulking dullards that lift car doors on automotive assembly lines, the robots of tomorrow will be very sensitive indeed.

The Complete History And Future of Robots

Increasingly sophisticated machines may populate our world, but for robots to be really useful, they’ll have to become more self-sufficient. After all, it would be impossible to program a home robot with the instructions for gripping each and every object it ever might encounter. You want it to learn on its own, and that is where advances in artificial intelligence come in.

Take Brett. In a UC Berkeley lab, the humanoid robot has taught itself to conquer one of those children’s puzzles where you cram pegs into different shaped holes. It did so by trial and error through a process called reinforcement learning. No one told it how to get a square peg into a square hole, just that it needed to. So by making random movements and getting a digital reward (basically, yes, do that kind of thing again ) each time it got closer to success, Brett learned something new on its own . The process is super slow, sure, but with time roboticists will hone the machines’ ability to teach themselves novel skills in novel environments, which is pivotal if we don’t want to get stuck babysitting them.

Another tack here is to have a digital version of a robot train first in simulation, then port what it has learned to the physical robot in a lab. Over at Google , researchers used motion-capture videos of dogs to program a simulated dog, then used reinforcement learning to get a simulated four-legged robot to teach itself to make the same movements. That is, even though both have four legs, the robot’s body is mechanically distinct from a dog’s, so they move in distinct ways. But after many random movements, the simulated robot got enough rewards to match the simulated dog. Then the researchers transferred that knowledge to the real robot in the lab, and sure enough, the thing could walk—in fact, it walked even faster than the robot manufacturer’s default gait, though in fairness it was less stable.

13 Robots, Real and Imagined

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They may be getting smarter day by day, but for the near future we are going to have to babysit the robots. As advanced as they’ve become, they still struggle to navigate our world. They plunge into fountains , for instance. So the solution, at least for the short term, is to set up call centers where robots can phone humans to help them out in a pinch . For example, Tug the hospital robot can call for help if it’s roaming the halls at night and there’s no human around to move a cart blocking its path. The operator would them teleoperate the robot around the obstruction.

Speaking of hospital robots. When the coronavirus crisis took hold in early 2020, a group of roboticists saw an opportunity: Robots are the perfect coworkers in a pandemic. Engineers must use the crisis, they argued in an editorial , to supercharge the development of medical robots, which never get sick and can do the dull, dirty, and dangerous work that puts human medical workers in harm’s way. Robot helpers could take patients’ temperatures and deliver drugs, for instance. This would free up human doctors and nurses to do what they do best: problem-solving and being empathetic with patients, skills that robots may never be able to replicate.

The rapidly developing relationship between humans and robots is so complex that it has spawned its own field, known as human-robot interaction . The overarching challenge is this: It’s easy enough to adapt robots to get along with humans—make them soft and give them a sense of touch—but it’s another issue entirely to train humans to get along with the machines. With Tug the hospital robot, for example, doctors and nurses learn to treat it like a grandparent—get the hell out of its way and help it get unstuck if you have to. We also have to manage our expectations: Robots like Atlas may seem advanced, but they’re far from the autonomous wonders you might think.

What humanity has done is essentially invented a new species, and now we’re maybe having a little buyers’ remorse. Namely, what if the robots steal all our jobs? Not even white-collar workers are safe from hyper-intelligent AI, after all.

A lot of smart people are thinking about the singularity, when the machines grow advanced enough to make humanity obsolete. That will result in a massive societal realignment and species-wide existential crisis. What will we do if we no longer have to work? How does income inequality look anything other than exponentially more dire as industries replace people with machines?

These seem like far-out problems, but now is the time to start pondering them. Which you might consider an upside to the killer-robot narrative that Hollywood has fed us all these years: The machines may be limited at the moment, but we as a society need to think seriously about how much power we want to cede. Take San Francisco, for instance, which is exploring the idea of a robot tax, which would force companies to pay up when they displace human workers.

I can’t sit here and promise you that the robots won’t one day turn us all into batteries , but the more realistic scenario is that, unlike in the world of R.U.R. , humans and robots are poised to live in harmony—because it’s already happening. This is the idea of multiplicity , that you’re more likely to work alongside a robot than be replaced by one. If your car has adaptive cruise control, you’re already doing this, letting the robot handle the boring highway work while you take over for the complexity of city driving. The fact that the US economy ground to a standstill during the coronavirus pandemic made it abundantly clear that robots are nowhere near ready to replace humans en masse.

The machines promise to change virtually every aspect of human life, from health care to transportation to work. Should they help us drive? Absolutely. (They will, though, have to make the decision to sometimes kill , but the benefits of precision driving far outweigh the risks.) Should they replace nurses and cops? Maybe not—certain jobs may always require a human touch.

One thing is abundantly clear: The machines have arrived. Now we have to figure out how to handle the responsibility of having invented a whole new species.

The Complete History And Future of Robots

If You Want a Robot to Learn Better, Be a Jerk to It A good way to make a robot learn is to do the work in simulation, so the machine doesn’t accidentally hurt itself. Even better, you can give it tough love by trying to knock objects out of its hand.

Spot the Robot Dog Trots Into the Big, Bad World Boston Dynamics' creation is starting to sniff out its role in the workforce: as a helpful canine that still sometimes needs you to hold its paw.

Finally, a Robot That Moves Kind of Like a Tongue Octopus arms and elephant trunks and human tongues move in a fascinating way, which has now inspired a fascinating new kind of robot.

Robots Are Fueling the Quiet Ascendance of the Electric Motor For something born over a century ago, the electric motor really hasn’t fully extended its wings. The problem? Fossil fuels are just too easy, and for the time being, cheap. But now, it’s actually robots, with their actuators, that are fueling the secret ascendence of the electric motor.

This Robot Fish Powers Itself With Fake Blood A robot lionfish uses a rudimentary vasculature and “blood” to both energize itself and hydraulically power its fins.

Inside the Amazon Warehouse Where Humans and Machines Become One In an Amazon sorting center, a swarm of robots works alongside humans. Here’s what that says about Amazon—and the future of work.

This guide was last updated on April 13, 2020.

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These 5 robots could soon become part of our everyday lives

A robot and a human shaking hands.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are leading to the emergence of a new class of robot. Image:  Quartz

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essay about robot technology

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Stay up to date:, artificial intelligence.

  • Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are leading to the emergence of a new class of robot.
  • In the next five years, our households and workplaces will become dependent upon the role of robots, says Pieter Abbeel, the founder of UC Berkeley Robot Learning Lab.
  • Here he outlines a few standout examples.

People often ask me about the real-life potential for inhumane, merciless systems like Hal 9000 or the Terminator to destroy our society.

Growing up in Belgium and away from Hollywood, my initial impressions of robots were not so violent. In retrospect, my early positive affiliations with robots likely fueled my drive to build machines to make our everyday lives more enjoyable. Robots working alongside humans to manage day-to-day mundane tasks was a world I wanted to help create.

Now, many years later, after emigrating to the United States, finishing my PhD under Andrew Ng , starting the Berkeley Robot Learning Lab , and co-founding Covariant , I’m convinced that robots are becoming sophisticated enough to be the allies and helpful teammates that I hoped for as a child.

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are leading to the emergence of a new class of robot. These are machines that go beyond the traditional bots running preprogrammed motions; these are robots that can see, learn, think, and react to their surroundings.

While we may not personally witness or interact with robots directly in our daily lives, there will be a day over the next five years in which our households and workplaces are dependent upon the role of robots to run smoothly. Here are a few standout examples, drawn from some of my guests on The Robot Brains Podcast .

Robots that deliver medical supplies to extremely remote places

After spending months in Africa and South America talking to medical and disaster relief providers, Keenan Wyrobek foresaw how AI-powered drone technology could make a positive impact. He started Zipline , which provides drones to handle important and dangerous deliveries. Now shipping one ton of products a day, the company is helping communities in need by using robots to accomplish critical deliveries (they’re even delivering in parts of the US ).

Special delivery.

Robots that automate recycling

Recycling is one of the most important activities we can do for a healthier planet. However, it’s a massive undertaking. Consider that each human being produces almost 5 lbs of waste a day and there are 7.8 billion of us. The real challenge comes in with second sorting—the separation process applied once the easy-to-sort materials have been filtered. Matanya Horowitz sat down with me to explain how AMP Robotics helps facilities across the globe save and reuse valuable materials that are worth billions of dollars but were traditionally lost to landfills.

Sorting it out.

Robots that handle dangerous, repetitive warehouse tasks

Marc Segura of ABB , a robotics firm started in 1988, shared real stories from warehouses across the globe in which robots are managing jobs that have high-accident rates or long-term health consequences for humans. With robots that are strong enough to lift one-ton cars with just one arm, and other robots that can build delicate computer chips (a task that can cause long-term vision impairments for a person), there are a whole range of machines handling tasks not fit for humans.

Can you do what I do?

Have you read?

How to prevent mass extinction in the ocean using ai, robots and 3d printers, get a grip: how geckos are inspiring robotics , robots to help nurses on the frontlines.

Long before covid-19 started calling our attention to the overworked nature of being a healthcare worker, Andrea Thomas of Diligent Robots noticed the issue. She spoke with me about the inspiration for designing Moxi, a nurse helper. Now being used in Dallas hospitals , the robots help clinical staff with tasks that don’t involve interacting with patients. Nurses have reported lowered stress levels as mundane errands like supply stocking is automatically handled. Moxi is even adding a bit of cheer to patients’ days as well.

At your service.

Robots that run indoor farms

Picking and sorting the harvest is the most time-sensitive and time-consuming task on a farm. Getting it right can make a massive difference to the crop’s return. I got the chance to speak with AppHarvest ’s Josh Lessing , who built the world’s first “cross-crop” AI, Virgo, that learned how to pick all different types of produce. Virgo can switch between vastly different shapes, densities, and growth scenarios, meaning one day it can pick tomatoes, the next cucumbers, and after that, strawberries. Virgo currently operates at the AppHarvest greenhouses in Kentucky to grow non-GMO, chemical-free produce.

The robot future has already begun

Collaborating with software-driven co-workers is no longer the future; it’s now. Perhaps you’ve already seen some examples. You’ll be seeing a lot more in the decade to come.

Pieter Abbeel is the director of the Berkeley Robot Learning Lab and a co-founder of Covariant, an AI robotics firm. Subscribe to his podcast wherever you like to listen.

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--> The Future of Robotics Essay

A robot is a mechanical technological device that performs automated tasks, either by following direct supervision from a human being, a set program, or general guidelines that are well-defined through the use of artificial intelligence techniques. The tasks performed by robots can either replace or improve human work and can be used in manufacturing companies, construction places, or even in the manipulation of heavy and large hazardous materials. A robot can involve a response-driven connection between sense and actions but is necessarily under the control of a human being. Its actions may follow the form of electromagnetic effectors, which are able to make an arm move, open and close grips, or even propel the robot. A robot working through a computer program is able to control and give feedback as required. The program is run on either an external or a microcontroller. Therefore, it shows that a robot can include almost all the automated devices (Teich, 2003).

Effectors can be used to make the robot move around or move other items around; this is referred to as manipulation. Hence, this divides the robot into two: mobile robotics and manipulator robotics, which grab things around. A robot has also been used as the overall concept for a mechanical man or an automaton that takes the form of an animal, whether real or imaginary. It has been used in many machines to take the place of a human being or an animal either in work or play. The development of robot technology is being widely used today to perform various tasks that are, in most cases, too dirty, harmful, hard, boring for human beings, or repetitive. This kind of robots normally takes the form of industrial robots which are used to carry out tasks in the manufacturing areas. However, articulated robots that perform tasks equal to a human arm are the ones commonly used.

The purpose served by robotic technology

A robot may be designed to perform specific tasks, like simply picking up and placing the workpieces. It may be used to interact with and work load a lathe, or even a milling machine. Most automotive industries have benefited because this new technology of robots has made the work easy. These robots have been set in away that perform tasks similar to human beings; this has led to the replacement of human labor in different simple repetitive activities. However, the largest adoptions of such technologies have been delayed by the presence of cheap labor and the expensive requirements of robotics.

Robotics that are automated guide vehicles and autonomous delivery robots are currently being used in industries, hospitals, laboratories, and other applications, which involve risk, reliability, and security as the greatest concern. In addition, autonomous patrolling safety and security robots have also begun to appear as part of the development towards automated buildings (Hunt, 1983).

Robots are known to be more accurate than human beings in their results. There are very few chances of a robot making a mistake and as a process, the entire thing may fail or get executed to perfection. The most complicated and difficult machines are able to be fixed by the use of robotic technology.

In medicine industry, robots are also performing very important tasks. They can prepare drugs and perform other simple tasks in surgery with the help of a human being. To mankind, robotics offer great assistance like replacing people in unsuitable working places such as in chemical plants and in pharmaceuticals that sometimes are not conducive to mankind. Robots are also entrusted with the duty of launching satellites and traveling to different planets altogether. Therefore, robotic technology is being reinforced for different purposes like raising manufacturing flexibility, productivity within a short period, improving the quality of product, process and working environment, and reducing scrap and manufacturing costs.

How and /or why this technology was discovered, who was responsible for its discovery, and when was it discovered?

Human beings have always been fascinated with the concept of artificial life and the construction of machines that resemble and act like human being. When people discuss and extrapolate the evolution of smart machines today, their discussion involves the possible rise of self aware, intelligent robots that causes a threat to their human masters. The word robot was coined by Karel Capek when he wrote the play Rossum’s Universal Robots in 1920. The play was premiered in Prague in 1921 and was later translated into English and first appeared on the English stage in 1923 and since then the word robot has been part of the global literature concerning smart machines and automatons. The technology revolution involved the discovery and the use of fire in prehistoric times. The second breakthrough included the establishment and use of simple tools, a stick, and a sharp rock to aid in hunting and gathering practices. Many of today’s robots include components and use principles that were first adopted during the rise of civilization, for instance, the wheel and axle, the pulley, the wedge, the lever, and gear.

Modern robots appeared from the confluence of various important technology areas during the digital revolution. However, robots can also trace their technical heritage to the simple machine tools invented in the Neolithic revolution disciplines like mechanic, pneumatics, and hydraulics that occurred in the scientific revolution and the electromechanical devises and machinery that appeared during the first and the second industrial revolution.

Industrial robots now perform a vital role in modern manufacturing facilities. George C. Devol, Jr. and Joseph F. Engelbeger the American entrepreneurs introduced the first industrial robot the world during early 1961. This was a time when the Consolidated Diesel Electric Corporation shipped the first commercial version of an animate robot from Connecticut and installed the machine in a General Motors plant in New Jersey.

Mobile robots, in different sizes,shapes,and capabilities currently play advanced roles in national security, the enforcement of law, in medicine, environmental clean up activities, and in the entertainment and leisure practices. The first modern mobile robot was revolved when the researchers tried to connect computer interfaced camera systems, which scanned the robot`s environment, with the robots mobility system. Robots can spray paint an automobile on an assembly line, can help in surgery performed by a human doctor on a patient who is located over hundreds of kilometers away, and can accomplish detailed automated exploration of previously unreachable worlds throughout the solar system.

Effects of robot technology on the environment and on people`s lives

Employing robotic technology has positive effects on both the environment and people in that because robots are used principally for tasks that are unpleasant or dangerous, and because the new jobs created for the robots are better, then the quality of work life is likely to improve. The productivity will also increase in both the long and short term, resulting in more flexible scheduled work per week. The new computer based automations also may most of the time relieve job boredom and resulting worker dissatisfaction that has been a major concern to many management experts. Individuals are also enabled to utilize more complex skills and do a greater variety of jobs, such as following the assembly of a product from beginning to end, hence assuming greater human responsibility for quality outcomes (Deb, 2001).

The working environment is also improved by the segregation of processes that create hazardous working conditions, like heat or exposure to chemicals, from a particular department of a company that is fully occupied with humans, and staffing them with robots. In addition, putting together robot helpers and people for some tasks that are strenuous eases job stresses and also opens up job opportunities for those who are physically handicapped or have limitations. Therefore, robots are important environmental tools that try to reduce environmental pollution by assisting environmentalists in dealing with issues of safeguarding the environment, saving lives, especially for people who are exposed to radiation, mitigating environmental disasters, and rescuing countless people from being exposed to dangerous radiations. The integration of robot industry motivate environmental consciousness where through replacing old robots with new and advanced ones makes it easy to conserve the environment while at the same time providing for factory conditions.

Ethical or moral issues with robotic technology

Developments in technology most of the time raise ethical or moral issues. It’s assumed that the use of products of technological establishment can be made to be a moral issue. Risks are bound to occur unintentionally through robot performances, such as errors encountered during programming, or the misuse of robots. Therefore, it’s important to consider the issue that a robot is not in a position to know whether it has done a right or a wrong thing. To ensure people’s safety, standards of ethical codes have been set up for the various types of robots being used. For instance, this technology is greatly used in military services; therefore, these people have means by which they determine the impacts they are causing to society when using this technology (Angelo, 2007).

Robotics that are automated guide vehicles, which are currently being used in industries, hospitals, laboratories, and other applications, involve risk, reliability, and security as the greatest concern. There has been an increasing rate at which robotic technology is growing. Various risks have been experienced as a result of the ever-growing rate of movement into the use of robotic technology and the necessity to promote the intelligence of robots so that they become more perfect and advanced machines. Because there are no specific guidelines to follow when making a robot, the designers and programmers need to strictly adhere to the code of ethical standards in their process of embracing the new technology. Robots are tools that try to reduce environmental pollution by assisting environmentalists in dealing with issues of protecting the environment, rescuing lives, especially people who are exposed to radiation, and mitigating environmental disasters, saving people from other hazardous conditions. The designers are advised to follow the code and principles of ethical standards so that the safety of innocent people is ensure and protected from any harm that may occur as a result of this technology. Education and training should be provided to any one in the industry using this technology so that they are aware of what is happening. Robots have positive effects on both the environment and man. Environmentally, they reduce pollution, and for mankind, they rescue people’s lives from radiation.

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105 Robots Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

🏆 best robots topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics on robots, ⭐ simple & easy robots essay titles, ❓ questions about robots.

  • Autonomous Controller Robotics: The Future of Robots The middle level is the Coordination level which interfaces the actions of the top and lower level s in the architecture.
  • A Mobile Robotic Project in the Ohio State University Medical Center In order for the project to be successful there must be a one-to-one contact between those implementing the project and the staff at the hospital. We will write a custom essay specifically for you by our professional experts 808 writers online Learn More
  • The Use of Robots in Warfare The military advancement in the use of robots in warfare will at long last essentially drastically reduce the role of human beings in war. The increased use of robots in the battlefield needs countries to […]
  • Marketing the Wireless Robotic Car By sending the robotic car to a chemical hazard, it is possible to determine the extent of spillage of a liquid or a solid pollutant.
  • Will Robots Take Over Human Jobs? Most of these people argue that due to the increasing number of computer equipped robots, the banking industry, the technical industry and even the administrative departments of many countries have suffered great losses at the […]
  • Meteorite or Puck Hunt: Autonomous Mobile Robot The Development of the Design Being the first time that we are taking part in this type of competition, we decide to work out a plan that would help us develop the autonomous mobile robot […]
  • Visions of the Future in the Film I, Robot Even though some of the aspects of the filmmaker’s vision of future are possible, and very likely to become reality, the essence of the film appears highly unrealistic.
  • Projects “Cyborg” and “New Electrical Apparatus” in Robotics In fact, although Project Cyborg included some medical expertise, the purpose is significantly similar to the project by Nicholson and Carlisle largely because a medical achievement is not one of their aims.
  • Fiat Company: Deployment of Robotics in Manufacturing The technology also enhanced the reduction of production costs by reducing the number of working days without effecting the production and the performance of the company at its peak.
  • Welcome Robotic for Abu Dhabi Women College In the year 2009, the college opened a second banch in the city of khalifa to cater for the students who encounter problems relocating to the capital city.
  • Robotic Pharmacy System Implementation Citing some of the key benefits of the robotic pharmacy system, one of the most important is that it reduces the need for technical labor significantly.
  • Autonomous Robots Since they are self sufficient, the autonomous robots have the capacity to work in the absence of human beings. In the future, humanoid robots might have the intelligence and emotions similar to those of human […]
  • Will Robots Ever Replace Humans? It is quite peculiar that Bolonkin uses negation in order to stir the audience’s delight; more impressively, the specified approach works the pathos is concealed not in the description of the possibilities, but the compliment […]
  • Is the Robotics Development Helpful or Harmful? Robots remain the best option, as they will connect the children with the happenings in the school. They will dress the robot with their favorite clothes, communicate with the teacher using the robot, and swivel […]
  • Stihl Company and Its Robotics Automation involves the use of robots in the production process. The company’s productivity has come as a result of the automation production practices and its presence across the globe.
  • Robotics’ Sociopolitical and Economic Implications The foremost benefits of Robotics for individuals can be formulated as follows: The continual development/implementation of the Robotics-related technologies will increase the chances of self-actualization, on the part of the potentially affected individuals.
  • Robotic Satellites: Implementation Plan and Budget One of the most effective methods of reaching the maximum level of security, not to feel restricted, and reduce spending is the usage of electronic or robotic companions.
  • Electronic or Robotic Companions: Business Model The device the usage of which will help to destroy the language bar. The speech of any speaker will be translated and presented to the owner of the device in his/her native language.
  • Australian Robotics Inc.’s Project Management As such, the measure of success will focus on ascertaining whether or not the project develops a new family of highly flexible, “intelligent” robots that can be used in handling heavy industry tasks.
  • Rights of ‘Feeling’ Robots and Humans Many futurists believe strongly that new laws will be needed to tame the behaviors and actions of robots. That being the case, autonomous robots might take advantage of their rights to control human beings.
  • Spot Mini Robot by Boston Dynamics While the bigger robots by Boston Dynamics are designed to operate in extreme conditions, Spot Mini is a household robot, which makes it marketable to a wider community and, therefore, profitable.
  • Robots as a Factor in Unemployment Patterns One of the prevailing arguments in regards to this problem is that the advent of the robot technology is contributing towards a high rate of unemployment.
  • Robotics in Construction Management: Impacts and Barriers The assessment of the economic feasibility of the robotization of individual construction processes is based on cost analysis and the calculation of payback.
  • Robotic-Assisted Intervention Effectiveness Modern robots for upper limb training differ in terms of the degrees of freedom, the type of feedback, and the available modes of training.
  • Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation: Article Critique The information about the groups of participants was available to clinicians and study personnel since the only post-stroke individual in the sample needed special procedures to participate.
  • Double Robotics Website’s Tracking Strategy The goals of the Doublerobotics.com website are to familiarize audiences with the telepresence industry and to convince both corporate and individual potential customers to purchase a robot.
  • Technology: Will Robots Ever Replace Humans? According to the author, one’s intelligence is not being solely concerned with the processing of data in the algorithmic manner, as it happened to be the case with AI it reflects the varying ability of […]
  • Baxter Robots and Company Performance This technology will impact the performance of companies by reducing the time spent on repetitive duties such as packing. In case my employers buy this robot, I will not be affected personally, but the performance […]
  • Questionable Future of Robotics In this case, the lecture, which was focusing on the flow of robotics’ development, influenced my perception about the future, robotics’ impact on our lives, and the ability of robots to destroy the humanity.
  • Robotics. “Humans Need Not Apply” Video Mechanical muscles are more strong and reliable than humans, and the replacement of people by mechanisms in physical work allows society to specialize in intellectual work, develop economics and raise the standards of living.
  • 3D Robotics Disrupts the Aviation Industry 3D Robotics describe their business model as perceiving open hardware, drones, and the future of robotics as the part of the community and the company.
  • Use of Robots in Computer Science Currently, the most significant development in the field of computer science is the inclusion of robots as teaching tools. The use of robots in teaching computer science has significantly helped to endow students with valuable […]
  • Knowledge of Saudi Nurse Managers Towards Robots The main objective of this study is to investigate the attitudes and knowledge of Saudi nurse managers towards the adoption of robotics for remote monitoring and management of elderly patient with chronic illness in an […]
  • The Connection Between Science and Technology: The Robotic Fish by Professor HU Furthermore, we discuss the other effects of science in technology and some of the recent technological developments in the rest of the world.
  • Robotic Visual Recognition and Robotics in Healthcare There are a number of systems and tools are used in order to produce a time-saving and efficient robot. In a number of cases, robots are the extension of a doctor’s skills and also assist […]
  • The Use of Robotics in the Operating Room The da Vinci surgical system is the first and one of the famous Robotics surgical systems used in the operating room.
  • I, Robot and the Effects of Technology The judgment call is generally made on the quality of life of the humans, with little to no regard for the lifestyle and options available to the robots who have achieved a higher level of […]
  • Isaac Asimov’s “Robot Dreams” and Alex Proyas’ “I, Robot” Driving to work involves the use of evolving technology as every car made today includes varying degrees of computerized information systems that inform the vehicle of important information everything from the need for an oil […]
  • Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Robot Project The construction of the robot involved the use of sensors and microchips, accessories also used in ITS technology. The role of the sensors in the robot was to detect obstacles and red light on the […]
  • Robots in Today’s Society: Artificial Intelligence The most important is the automation of the repeating process, to liberate human power, and avoid mistakes and delays in the processes.
  • Robots and Artificial Intelligence One the one hand, with artificial intelligence and fully autonomous robots, organizations will be able to optimize their spending and increase the speed of development and production of their commodities.
  • The Influence of Robots and AI on Work Relationships In the early 20th century, Taylor’s work focused on production management and labor efficiency, which led to the attention of managers to the problems of selection, the motivation of employees, and their training.
  • Are Robots About to Enter the Healthcare Workforce? Many new technologies must first overcome several obstacles in order to become a part of the service environment, and robots are no exception.
  • Aliens Concept in “I, Robot” by Alex Proyas: Film Analysis The purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of aliens and its implications in the movie I, Robot. It is possible to state that modern advancements are the reflection of something different from […]
  • Whats Mean Robotics Welding Epping and Zhang define robotic welding as the utilization of programmable systems and tools that mechanize and automate the way welding is done.
  • The Wireless Robotic Car: Design Project In this prototype, the task is to design a robotic car that can be controlled by a computer using wireless communication technology.
  • Robotics in Construction: Automated and Semi-Automated Devices The robot is fitted with ultrasonic sensors that aid in positioning of the water jet in inclined areas and also the sensors determine the distance of concrete removal.
  • Autonomous Mobile Robot: GPS and Compass The other realization is that in most instances the challenges presented in the motion of the appendages of a particular robot are not only limited to the number of joints but can significantly exceed the […]
  • Robot Making: Materials for Building and Economic Factor As the science is progressing in recent times, we can be sure that it is a matter of time when we will get some economical alternatives of the materials that are needed to make a […]
  • Using Robots in the Medical Industry Third, the robot surgery further has been observed to increase comfort on the part of the patient as the surgery proceeds, and this results from ergonomic position that the robot assumes as the operation proceeds.
  • Wireless Robotic Car: Servo Motors and DC Motors This section focuses on the review of literature on servo motors and DC motors, in general as well as in the context of the current research project.
  • The Tactical Throwable Robot The main technical characteristics of the machine are given below in the table offered by Czupryniak Rafal and Trojnazki Maziej in their article “Throwable tactical robot description of construction and performed tests”.
  • Process Description of a Rescue Robot Roboticists in the physical design of rescue robots ensure that the robots can traverse places that are physically unreachable to human rescuers and additionally equip them with a variety of distributed technology that enable them […]
  • The Personal and Servicing Robotic Market For the product to receive a successful launch, the focus will be placed on the target market and not the product features.
  • Robot Interaction Language (ROILA) and Robot Creativity The difference of ROILA from other languages for computing is that it should be simple for both machines and humans to understand.
  • Disinfecting Robots: Care Ethics, and Design Thus, the utilization of this technology may be expected to reduce the incidence rate of HAIs. However, it is essential to consider the cost of this technology and reimbursement as they may be key factors […]
  • Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Organizations Otherwise, cognitively complex tasks and those demanding emotional intelligence will be performed by humans, with the support of robotics and AI. Therefore, this study speaks of the importance of employee trust in AI and organization.
  • Artificial Intelligence in “I, Robot” by Alex Proyas To begin with, AI is defined by Nilsson as a field of computer science that attempts to enhance the level of intelligence of computer systems.
  • Boston Dynamics’ Spot Robot Dog Spot is a four-legged robot that evolved from SpotMini (the initial version) that offers multiple capabilities of operation, including climbing, jumping, walking.
  • “A Robot Can Be Warehouse Worker’s Pal” by Jennifer Smith Employees working alongside the robots are guided adequately. This method makes it possible for companies to achieve their objectives in a timely manner.
  • Healthcare Robots: Entering the Era of a Technological Breakthrough However, using robots as medical doctors’ assistants has been only a figment of the most daring dreams until recently.
  • Robot Revolution in the Contemporary Society The lack of human resources in the middle of the 20th century and the development of industrial technologies led to the appearance of robots.
  • Robotic Snowblower’s Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning Strategy For success, a business needs to conduct a structured analysis of the market and competitors, segment consumers into narrow groups, assess the market’s attractiveness, and correctly position the brand.
  • Robots on the Battlefield: Benefits vs. Constraints The principal obstacle to the introduction of robots on the battlefield is related to the impossibility of operating in the current environment.
  • Discussion: Will Robots Replace Us? The world is moving forward, space and the ocean’s depths, and the peculiarities of the brain’s structure and the human body are being studied.
  • The Dyson Robotic Vacuum: Target Group and Marketing Plan Thus, the target audience of Dyson in Ontario is practical and prudent people who, when buying equipment, pay attention primarily to the prestige of the brand, the quality, and the durability of the purchased goods.
  • Robots: The Use in Everyday Tasks The recent advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence have the potential to automate a wide range of human activities and to dramatically reshape the way people live and work in the coming decades.
  • Robots’ Impact and Human Employment Opportunities Many of the costs of complying with the isolation rules, the costs associated with the spread of the disease, can actually be offset by replacing the workforce with robots.
  • Characteristics of Robotics What concerns the elaboration of an obstacle course in a “real-world” simulation, it is essential to ensure the presence of several procedure testing steps that will determine the functionality of a robot. What concerns the […]
  • Amazon’s AI-Powered Home Robots The objective of the present plan is to provide a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the introduction of AI-powered home robots as Amazon’s next disruptive customer product.
  • Hyper Evolution: The Rise of the Robots From the video, the robots look like real human beings, and they have been capacitated to act in a human way in what is known as machine learning technology powered by artificial intelligence. Hyper evolution […]
  • The Place of Humanity in the Robotic Future The developers are trying to implement the brain, the human mind, in a digital environment. Paying attention to mechanical machines, commonly called “robots”, can be seen that they are created in the image and likeness […]
  • The Invento Robotics Products Analysis The 5 C’s of brand management has grown in popularity since it thoroughly evaluates all the important aspects of a company and allows for approach adjustments depending on what is and is not effective.
  • Robotics and Related Social & Political Problems The combination of engineering and computer science has aided people in developing the field of robotics. The social impact of robotics lies in the problems that robots are designed to solve.
  • The Hybrid Robot Vacuum Cleaners The EUFY series of hybrid vacuum cleaners is one of the most popular choices in the market, and the company offers products in various pricing ranges. In the context of hybrid robot vacuum cleaners, market […]
  • How Will Autonomous Robots Change Military Tactics?
  • Will Romantic Relationships Be Formed With Robots?
  • What Were the First Industrial Robots in America Used?
  • Will Robots and Humanoids Take Over the World?
  • Are Robots Beneficial for the Society?
  • Will Robots Automate Your Job Away?
  • Why Not Use Robots to Stabilize Stock Markets?
  • Will Robots Change Our Lives in the Future?
  • How Can Robots Effect Children’s Development?
  • Will Robots Create Economic Utopia?
  • Why Robots Are Start Over the World With Breakthrough Technology?
  • Will Robots Live With Humans in Harmony?
  • Can Humanoid Service Robots Perform Better Than Service Employees?
  • How Can Robots Be Used to Help Students?
  • Will Robots One Day Rule the World?
  • Why Should Robots Not Be Pursued?
  • How Do Robots Impact Careers in the Medical Field?
  • Why Will Robots Always Need Us?
  • Are Robots Taking Control of Human Tasks?
  • How Can Robots Have Human-Like Intelligence?
  • Can Service Robots Hamper Customer Anger and Aggression After a Service Failure?
  • Are Robots the Solution to Equality in the Job Interview Process?
  • How Can Robots Replace 60 % Of Jobs?
  • Are Sex Robots the Next Big Sexual Revolution?
  • How Can Robots Solve the Problem of Aging Population?
  • Are Surgical Robots the Future of Medicine?
  • How Can Robots Work More Efficient Than Humans?
  • Should Robots Intelligence Becoming Smarter Than Us and Make?
  • What Are Robots and How Are They Being Used Nowadays?
  • Are Robots and Animals More or Less Similar to One Another Than Robots and Humans?
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Essay on Robotic Technology

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What do you think of when you think about ‘robots’? If you think they are only the stuff of space movies and science fiction novels, then think again. Robots are the largest growing technological device in the world. They perform many functions ranging from space exploration to entertainment.

Robotics technology is increasing at a fast rate, providing us with new technology that can assist with home chores, automobile assembly and many other tasks. Robotic technology has changed the world around us and is continuing to impact the way we do things. Robotic technology transformation from the past to present surrounds almost everyone in today’s society and it affects both our work and leisure activities.

Robotics is the branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control and processing. These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of a human in various kinds of work, activities, environments and processes.

The definition of the word robot has a different meaning to many people. According to the Robot Institute of America, 1979, a robot is a re-programmable, multi-functional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialised devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. The use of robots continues to change numerous aspect of our everyday life, such as health care, education and job satisfaction. Robots are going to be a major part of the world economy, they help ways to make our daily life easier and assist in producing more products.

Robotic technology is becoming one of the leading technologies in the world. They can perform many functions. They are used in many different ways in today’s society. The use of robotic technology has made an immediate impact on the world in several ways. As technological advances continue, research design and building new robots serve various practical purposes, whether domestic, commercial or military. Many robots even do the jobs that are hazardous to people such as defusing bombs, mining and exploring shipwrecks.

There are numerous uses of robots which not only give better results but also help in saving money as well as time. The robots can provide high quality components and finished products, and do so reliably and repeatedly even in hazardous or unpleasant environments. There are various industry segments which are making use of robotics to improve their production capabilities.

Much of the research in robotics focuses not on specific industrial tasks, but on investigations into new types of robots, alternative ways to think about or design robots, and new ways to manufacture them.

Recently, Apollo Hospital group installed the world’s most advanced CyberKnife robotic radio surgery system at the cancer speciality centre in Chennai, India. Although it meant substantial price for the hospital, Apollo decided to go ahead with the project due to the new-found enthusiasm for robotics in India.

From the Chandrayaan I project for sending robots to moon, to biomedical engineering and the auto industry, India has been using robotics on a wide scale. In an increasingly technology-driven country, robotics has fast assumed significance not only for industrial applications, but also in various day-to-day human activities.

Presently, robotics is the pinnacle of technical development. Though robotics in India is at a nascent stage, but industrial automation in India has opened up huge potential for robotics. Innovation coupled with consolidated research and development has catapulted India’s scientific position in robotic technology.

The country is soon to become a major hub for the production of robots. The global market for robots is projected to rise by an average of about 4%, while in India, the industry is expected to grow at a rate 2.5 times that of the global average.

In medical field, the importance of robotics has been growing. Robotics is increasingly being used in a variety of clinical and surgical settings for increasing surgical accuracy and decreasing operating time and often to create better healthcare outcomes than standard current approaches. These medical robots are used to train surgeons, assist in difficult and precise surgical procedures, and to assist patients in recovery. The automobile industry is equally dominated by robots.

There are multiple number of industrial robots functioning on fully automated production lines especially the high and efficient luxury and sports cars. The use of industrial robots has helped to increase productivity rate, efficiency and quality of distribution. Another major area where the use of robots is extensive is the packaging section. The packaging done using real robots is of very high quality as there is almost no chances of any human error. Another example where robotics is used is the electronic field. These are mainly in the mass-production with full accuracy and reliability. With these varied usages of robots Bill Gates has said:

“Robots will be the Next World-Changing Technology.”

Robotic has spread like an infection to an extent that so many movies and serials are also based on its theme. Some popular movies include Star Wars, Robocop, Ra one, Transformers etc. With such acclaimed popularity India too has come up with the Robotics Society of India (RSI). It is an academic society founded on 10th July, 2011, which aims at promoting Indian robotics and automation activities. The society hopes to serve as a bridge between researchers in institutes, government research centres and industry. India has also come up with specialised programmes in robotics field in IITs and other universities. Also, it has moved beyond the traditional areas and entered newer domains of education, rehabilitation, entertainment etc. Robotics has helped handicapped people by replacing their (damaged) limbs with artificial parts that can duplicate the natural movements.

Like a coin has two sides, robotics too has a flip side to it. The biggest barrier in the development of robots has been the high costs of its hardware such as sensors, motors etc. The customisation and updation is also an added problem.

With new advancements taking place each passing day, new product introduction is a problem for the existing users. Robots cut down labour, thereby reducing the opportunities of employment for many. In many developed countries, scientists are making robotic military force that can prove dangerous to others. As the power and capacity of computers continues to expand, revolution is being created in the field of robotics. Imagination is coupled with technology. It would not be wrong to say that in near future there will be a time when robots will become smarter than the human race.

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Essay on Robotics

Students are often asked to write an essay on Robotics in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Robotics

What is robotics.

Robotics is the science of creating robots. Robots are machines that can do tasks without human help. They can be as small as a toy or as big as a car. Some robots look like humans, but most just have parts to do jobs. They can be used in many places, like factories, hospitals, and homes.

History of Robotics

Robotics started in the 20th century. The first robots were simple machines. They could only do easy tasks. Over time, robots became more complex. They can now do many things humans can do. They can even learn new tasks by themselves.

Types of Robots

There are many types of robots. Some robots are used in factories to build things. These are called industrial robots. There are also robots that help doctors in hospitals. They can do surgeries. Then there are robots that can explore space. They can go to places where humans can’t.

Benefits of Robotics

Robots can do tasks faster and more accurately than humans. They can also do dangerous jobs, keeping people safe. Robots can work 24/7 without getting tired. They can help in many fields, like medicine, manufacturing, and space exploration.

Future of Robotics

The future of robotics is very exciting. Robots will become smarter and more helpful. They will be able to do more complex tasks. Robots will be used in more places and in more ways. They will make our lives easier and safer.

250 Words Essay on Robotics

Robotics is a field in technology that deals with making, working, and using robots. Robots are machines that can follow instructions to do tasks. Some robots can do tasks on their own, while others need human help.

There are many types of robots. Some robots look like humans, these are called humanoid robots. Then, there are industrial robots which are used in factories to make things like cars. There are also robots used in medicine, space exploration, and even in our homes to help with cleaning.

How Robots Work

Robots are run by computers. They follow a set of instructions called a program. This program tells the robot what to do and how to do it. Robots have sensors that allow them to gather information about their surroundings. This information is used to make decisions and carry out tasks.

Benefits of Robots

Robots can do many things that humans cannot do or find hard to do. They can work in dangerous places like space, deep sea, or inside a volcano. They can also do tasks quickly and without getting tired. This is why they are very useful in many areas like science, industry, and medicine.

The future of robotics is very exciting. Scientists are working on making robots that can learn and think like humans. These robots will be able to solve problems and make decisions on their own. They will be even more helpful and can change the way we live and work.

In conclusion, robotics is a fascinating field that is changing our world in many ways. It is a field that is full of possibilities and has a lot to offer in the future.

500 Words Essay on Robotics

Robotics is a branch of technology that deals with robots. Robots are machines that can perform tasks automatically or with guidance. They can do things that are hard, dangerous, or boring for humans. This field combines different branches of science and engineering like computer science, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering.

The idea of robots has been around for a long time. Ancient Greek myths talk about mechanical servants. The term “robot” itself comes from a Czech word “robota,” meaning forced labor. It was first used in a play in 1920. The first real industrial robot, Unimate, started work in 1961 at a General Motors plant. Since then, robotics has grown a lot.

Robots come in many shapes and sizes to suit different jobs. Some robots look like humans and can do things like talk or walk. These are called humanoid robots. Industrial robots work in factories and can do things like welding, painting, or assembling. Mobile robots can move around. They can be used for things like exploring space or the bottom of the ocean. Then there are medical robots which help doctors in surgeries and patient care.

Robots have several parts. They have a body or frame, motors to make them move, sensors to help them understand their surroundings, and a computer to control everything. The computer uses a program, which is a set of instructions, to tell the robot what to do. The sensors collect information about the world. The computer uses this information to decide what actions the robot should take.

Importance of Robotics

Robots are very important in today’s world. They can do jobs that are dangerous for humans, like defusing bombs or working in nuclear power plants. They can also do jobs that need to be very exact, like in surgery or making computer chips. Robots can also do jobs that are boring or repetitive, like assembling cars in a factory. This helps humans to focus on more interesting and creative tasks.

The future of robotics is very exciting. Robots are becoming smarter and more capable. They are starting to learn from their experiences and make decisions on their own. This is called artificial intelligence. In the future, we might see robots doing even more tasks, like taking care of the elderly or teaching in schools. But we also need to think about how to use robots in a way that is good for everyone.

In conclusion, robotics is a fascinating field that combines many different areas of science and engineering. It has a rich history and an exciting future. Robots are already doing many tasks that help humans, and they are likely to do even more in the future. As we continue to develop and use robots, we must also think about how to do this in a way that benefits everyone.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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Robotics College Essays Samples For Students

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Over the course of studying in college, you will definitely need to write a bunch of College Essays on Robotics. Lucky you if linking words together and organizing them into relevant text comes naturally to you; if it's not the case, you can save the day by finding an already written Robotics College Essay example and using it as a template to follow.

This is when you will certainly find WowEssays' free samples directory extremely useful as it includes numerous skillfully written works on most various Robotics College Essays topics. Ideally, you should be able to find a piece that meets your criteria and use it as a template to compose your own College Essay. Alternatively, our skilled essay writers can deliver you an original Robotics College Essay model written from scratch according to your personal instructions.

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Artificial intelligence has facilitated the scientific desire of creating intelligent machines to equal human capabilities (Kochan 20). Emerging technologies particularly in Artificial Intelligence software have given scientists the capabilities of mimicking human reasoning and deductive abilities. While the use of this software dates back many years, the concept of Artificial intelligence and the use of robotics has generated different ethical and moral issues (Kochan 21). Other than the ethical and moral issues, it has led to increased distrust to scientists and creating a plethora of challenges to the prevailing legal structures.

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Home » Education » Writing An Essay On Robotic Technology

Writing An Essay On Robotic Technology

A well-crafted essay on robotic technology is the best way to convince your readers that a future with automated technology is worth the risk. Even the most skeptical of readers will be impressed with an argument that makes sense and goes beyond “the science fiction writers are wrong.”

The biggest problem faced by researchers in robotic technology is that they are largely ignored. When they do get their work published, most of it gets lost in the hundreds of thousands of other articles published every year. Readers are not always aware that their research has been cited by scientists around the world. They might not even realize that their research is in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Most of us have at least heard about the concept of a robotic assistant. In our minds, this robot is a robo-pet, but in reality, we have never seen any robots like this.

This lack of public knowledge leads many scientists and researchers to spend too much time worrying about the ramifications of robotic technology, rather than using their energies to work on more important questions. Unfortunately, this often results in poorly-constructed, poorly-written articles that only serve to raise questions, rather than solve them. Many such articles even advocate for “playing God.”

Robotic technology is important, but it needs to be carefully studied and understood before it can be implemented on a large scale. Otherwise, it could put all of us at risk.

A well-constructed essay on robotic technology can make a strong argument for the benefits of developing robotic technologies. This argument needs to be supported by solid facts, sound reasoning and clear and concise writing. If you don’t have good writing skills, or if you want to hire someone who does, you should consider hiring a freelance writer to write your essay.

In fact, hiring a professional essay writer is probably a better idea than publishing an article on the subject. Although you can’t afford to have an amateur write an entire article on robotic technology, you can afford to publish a few paragraphs or a few sentences. By having a professional essay writer write your essay, you can control exactly how you want the article to turn out.

Professional writers know exactly what they’re doing and know how to get a piece through the editing process without making glaring mistakes. It’s a shame to let a novice to take credit for your hard work, but it’s often the best choice you can make.

The first rule of article writing is to make sure that your robot does what it says it will do. If you give it the wrong instructions or it doesn’t follow through when you expect it to, it will just waste your time and money.

Make sure that your essay on robotic technology includes several examples of the type of technology that you’re proposing. Do you propose to use technology in place of humans to do things, or are you advocating the use of robotic assistants to perform tasks that humans might otherwise be unable to do? The title of your essay should help you answer this question.

If you’re proposing the idea of using an assistant to perform certain tasks, mention the types of tasks that you think would be performed best by your robotic assistant. For instance, if you’re proposing to use an assistant to clean your house, mention some of the cleaning devices that you have available that are similar to vacuum cleaners. If you’re proposing the idea of using an assistant to do repairs, mention some of the tools that are available to repair your appliances. Make sure to also mention what you would like to see in your robotic assistant that are unique to your specific scenario, such as whether you’d like it to be able to do speech recognition, recognize facial expressions, or speak in a robotic voice.

If your robotic assistant is designed to perform multiple tasks, mention which ones you think it would be most useful for. You may also want to include other features that would make your assistant very efficient. For example, if you plan to use your robotic assistant to clean a particular room of your house, mention how to avoid hazards and obstacles in that room. If your goal is to make a robotic assistant that can play music, mention whether you’d prefer the robotic assistant to play music while cleaning your home or play a recording of a lullaby.

Finally, do you want to make a special note of the type of language or vocabulary your robotic assistant uses? If you’re suggesting that your assistant can write essays, would you prefer your robot to only use scientific or technical terms, or would you prefer it to use common everyday words? If your goal is to make sure that your robotic assistant performs every task that a human being can perform, mention how long it would take you to perform the task, and how much time it would take a human to perform the same task. Once you have mentioned all of these factors, it is time to get down to writing your essay on robotic technology.

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A U.S.-Built Spacecraft Lands on the Moon for the First Time Since 1972

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The surface of the moon is seen from above.

By Kenneth Chang

  • Feb. 22, 2024

For the first time in a half-century, an American-built spacecraft has landed on the moon.

The robotic lander was the first U.S. vehicle on the moon since Apollo 17 in 1972, the closing chapter in humanity’s astonishing achievement of sending people to the moon and bringing them all back alive. That is a feat that has not been repeated or even tried since.

The lander, named Odysseus and a bit bigger than a telephone booth, arrived in the south polar region of the moon at 6:23 p.m. Eastern time on Thursday.

The landing time came and went in silence as flight controllers waited to hear confirmation of success. A brief communication pause was expected, but minutes passed.

Then Tim Crain, the chief technology officer of Intuitive Machines, the Houston-based company that built Odysseus, reported that a faint signal from the spacecraft had been detected.

“It’s faint, but it’s there,” he said. “So stand by, folks. We’ll see what’s happening here.”

A short while later, he announced, “What we can confirm, without a doubt, is our equipment is on the surface of the moon and we are transmitting. So congratulations.”

Later, he added, “Houston, Odysseus has found its new home.”

But with the spacecraft’s ability to properly communicate still unclear, the celebration of clapping and high-fives in the mission control center was muted.

Later in the evening, the company reported more promising news.

“After troubleshooting communications, flight controllers have confirmed Odysseus is upright and starting to send data,” Intuitive Machines said in a statement. “Right now, we are working to downlink the first images from the lunar surface.”

While this venture was much more modest than the Apollo missions that led to astronauts walking on the moon, the hope at NASA was that it could help inaugurate a more revolutionary era: transportation around the solar system that is economical as far as spaceflight is concerned.

“I think it is a smart thing that NASA is trying to do,” said Carissa Christensen, chief executive of BryceTech, a space consulting firm, “which is to essentially create a competitive ecosystem of providers to meet its needs.”

Intuitive Machines is one of several small companies that NASA has hired to transport instruments that will perform reconnaissance on the moon’s surface ahead of the return of NASA astronauts there, planned for later this decade .

For this mission, NASA paid Intuitive Machines $118 million under a program known as Commercial Lunar Payload Services, or CLPS, to deliver six instruments to the moon, including a stereo camera that aimed to capture the billowing of dust kicked up by Odysseus as it approached the surface and a radio receiver to measure the effects of charged particles on radio signals.

There was also cargo from other customers, like a camera built by students at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Fla., and an art project by Jeff Koons. Parts of the spacecraft were wrapped in reflective material made by Columbia Sportswear.

Odysseus left Earth early on Feb. 15 aboard a SpaceX rocket. It pulled into lunar orbit on Wednesday.

The lead-up to the landing included last-minute shuffling.

After the spacecraft entered lunar orbit, Intuitive Machines said it would land on the moon at 5:30 p.m. on Thursday. On Thursday morning, the company said the spacecraft had moved to a higher altitude and would land at 4:24 p.m.

Then on Thursday afternoon, the landing time changed again, with the company saying that an extra lap around the moon would be needed before the 6:24 p.m. landing attempt. A company spokesman said a laser instrument on the spacecraft that was to provide data on its altitude and velocity was not working.

The extra orbit provided two hours for changes in the spacecraft’s software to substitute a different, experimental laser instrument, which had been provided by NASA.

At 6:11 p.m., Odysseus fired its engine to begin its powered descent to the surface. The laser instrument appeared to serve as a suitable fill-in, and everything appeared to be working until the spacecraft went silent for several minutes.

The landing site for Odysseus was a flat area near the Malapert A crater, about 185 miles north of the moon’s south pole. The moon’s polar regions have attracted much interest in recent years because of frozen water hidden in the shadows of craters there.

Getting to the moon has proved to be a tricky feat to pull off. Other than the United States, only the government space programs of the Soviet Union, China, India and Japan have successfully put robotic landers on the moon’s surface. Two companies — Ispace of Japan and Astrobotic Technology of Pittsburgh — had previously tried and failed, as has an Israeli nonprofit, SpaceIL.

In an interview before launch, Steve Altemus, the chief executive of Intuitive Machines, said he hoped NASA would persevere with the moon-on-a-budget mindset even if Odysseus crashed.

“It’s the only way to really go forward,” he said. “That’s what this experiment is supposed to do.”

In the past, NASA would have built its own spacecraft.

Before Neil Armstrong became the first person to set foot on the moon, NASA sent a series of robotic spacecraft, Surveyor 1 through Surveyor 7, to validate landing techniques and examine the properties of the lunar soil. Those robotic landings allayed concerns that astronauts and spacecraft would sink into a thick layer of fine dust on the moon’s surface.

But when NASA designs and operates spacecraft itself, it generally seeks to maximize the odds of success, and its designs tend to be expensive.

The Apollo moon landings from 1969 to 1972 became a paradigm for a colossal program that tackled a problem nearly impossible to solve with a near-limitless budget — the proverbial moonshot — while CLPS seeks to harness the enthusiasm and ingenuity of start-up entrepreneurs.

Thomas Zurbuchen , a former top NASA science official who started the CLPS program in 2018 , estimated that a robotic lunar lander designed, built and operated in the traditional NASA manner would cost $500 million to $1 billion, or at least five times as much the space agency paid Intuitive Machines.

NASA hopes that capitalism and competition — with companies proposing different approaches — will spur innovation and lead to new capabilities at lower costs.

But even if they succeed, these companies face uncertain business prospects attracting many customers beyond NASA and other space agencies.

“It’s not obvious who those other customers might be,” Ms. Christensen said.

Intuitive Machines has contracts for two more CLPS missions, and other companies are expected to take their shots at the moon, too. Astrobotic Technology, the Pittsburgh-based company, has a second mission in preparation to take a robotic NASA rover to one of the shadowed regions where there might be ice. Firefly Aerospace, near Austin, Texas, has its Blue Ghost lander mostly ready but has not yet announced a launch date.

Kenneth Chang has been at The Times since 2000, writing about physics, geology, chemistry, and the planets. Before becoming a science writer, he was a graduate student whose research involved the control of chaos. More about Kenneth Chang

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Saturday Citations: The neurology of pair bonding and one small step for robots

by Chris Packham , Phys.org

Saturday Citations: The neurology of pair bonding and one small step for robots

From enraptured voles and space robots on the moon to brain gears and dense objects, it was a heck of a week in science. Let's take a look at some of the most interesting developments over the past seven days.

Love evaluated

Prairie voles, native to the U.S. Midwest, are so spectacular at pair bonding that researchers at the University of Texas at Austin studied their brain activity for insights into the formation of long-term monogamous human relationships.

Prairie vole courtship is so fast that if leave to get a beer from the refrigerator, they'll be raising a litter by the time you get back to the couch. Within 30 minutes of meeting, a male and female will have sex repeatedly, many times per hour. Within 24 hours, they establish a lifelong pair bond marked by mutual grooming and emotional support, and both partners ultimately care for their young together.

In their study, the researchers found high activity in 68 brain regions comprising seven brain-wide circuits. This activity correlated with three stages: mating, bonding, and establishing an enduring bond. Because they found so many brain regions not previously associated with bonding, the researchers think the study could identify corresponding human brain regions for future studies of human pair bonding.

Surprisingly, they also found that the active brain regions were virtually identical between males and females, contradicting previous assumptions that the mechanisms involved differed between the sexes.

Robot alights

"For All Mankind," an Apple TV+ series, posits an alternate history in which the Soviet Union landed on the moon first and the space race accelerated from there to multiple Earth colonies on the moon and Mars. Here on smelly old Earth-616, the space race ended in the 1970s when the Soviets ran out of space money, and NASA decided low-Earth orbit was a good enough exploratory foothold.

But for the first time since 1972, an American craft has landed on the moon . The uncrewed, robotic Odysseus, built by the Houston, Texas-based Intuitive Machines, gave its flight controllers a healthy scare right before final descent when a laser instrument that provides data on altitude and velocity malfunctioned.

After substituting an experimental device built by NASA, the craft landed successfully and began transmitting data. A triumph for the private sector, with an emergency assist from the public sector. You're welcome, Intuitive Machines! Signed, all taxpayers.

Simile strained

Your brain is a lot like a car transmission. It has multiple gears and a lot of modes that only operate within certain gears, and survival is often dependent on the ability to slam the brain into high-intensity fear mode, often without using the clutch.

A brain structure residing in one of the more venerable old evolutionary regions of the brain called the amygdala generates survival responses and regulates the transition to intense fear behaviors in response to perceived threats like a huge Bengal tiger springing out of the underbrush or your boss asking if you can "jump on Zoom for a quick chat."

Dysregulation results in psychiatric illnesses and fun symptoms like anxiety. U.S. neuroscientists have now discovered a previously unknown neural pathway associated with encoding the transition to high-intensity fear responses. In an experiment involving in vivo calcium imaging with mice, they found a connection between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala.

By manipulating this pathway, they observed neurotransmitter release from the prefrontal cortex to neurons in the amygdala that, according to the researchers, "directly scales the level of fear that the animals are experiencing."

Object dense

Right now, at this very moment, untold billions of neutrinos are drifting right through your body as though you were nothing but a diffuse cloud of baryons (this is exactly what you are). Neutrinos are fermions that interact only via the weak nuclear force and gravity.

Their mass is so vanishingly small that physicists once thought it was zero. Anyway, the day before Supernova 1987-A was first detected 37 years ago, astronomers detected neutrinos blasted away from the explosion, indicating that a neutron star had likely formed.

But until this week, they were unsure about whether the neutron star persisted or continued collapsing into a singularity. Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope, MIRI, and NIRSpec have now observed the supernova at infrared wavelengths , detecting ions that could only have resulted from the ultraviolet and X-ray emissions of a persistent neutron star.

That's the week in science reporting. Until next week, this diffuse cloud of baryons says, "Adios, amigos."

© 2024 Science X Network

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Smart Academic Writing: Strategies for Success

  • Smart academic writing is not just about putting words on paper; it's a strategic approach to creating well-researched, organized, and persuasive content. In this article, we'll explore key strategies and tips for achieving success in your academic writing endeavors.
  • 1. Understanding the Assignment
  • Before diving into writing, thoroughly understand the assignment. Identify the topic, the purpose of the paper (e.g., informative, persuasive, analytical), the required format (e.g., essay, research paper, report), and any specific guidelines provided by your instructor.
  • 2. Research Skills
  • Effective research is the backbone of academic writing. Use credible sources such as academic journals, books, and reputable websites. Take thorough notes, organize your research, and cite your sources properly using the preferred citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).
  • 3. Planning and Outlining
  • Create a clear and detailed outline for your paper. Outline the introduction, main points, supporting evidence, and conclusion. This roadmap will keep your writing focused and organized.
  • 4. Strong Thesis Statement
  • Craft a concise and clear thesis statement that outlines the main argument or purpose of your paper. Your thesis should guide the entire writing process and provide a roadmap for your readers.
  • 5. Clarity and Conciseness
  • Use clear and concise language to convey your ideas. Avoid jargon and complex sentence structures unless necessary. Aim for clarity so that your readers can easily follow your argument.
  • 6. Revision and Proofreading
  • Never submit a first draft. Revise and edit your paper multiple times. Look for grammar and spelling errors, sentence structure issues, and overall coherence. Consider seeking feedback from peers or professors.
  • 7. Proper Citations
  • Ensure that you cite your sources correctly throughout the paper. Improper citations can lead to accusations of plagiarism, so be meticulous about following the required citation style.
  • 8. Logical Flow
  • Maintain a logical flow of ideas throughout your paper. Each paragraph should transition smoothly to the next, and your argument should progress logically from one point to the next.
  • 9. Critical Thinking
  • Engage in critical thinking by evaluating and analyzing the evidence and arguments you present. Address counterarguments when relevant, demonstrating a deep understanding of the topic.
  • 10. Time Management
  • Manage your time wisely. Start your writing process early to allow for research, outlining, drafting, and revision. Avoid last-minute rushes that can lead to a rushed and subpar paper.
  • 11. Seek Feedback
  • Don't hesitate to seek feedback from professors, tutors, or peers. Constructive criticism can help you improve your writing skills and identify blind spots.
  • 12. Plagiarism Awareness
  • Be aware of plagiarism and how to avoid it. Always properly attribute ideas, quotes, and paraphrased content to their sources.
  • 13. Proof of Argument
  • Ensure that you provide sufficient evidence and examples to support your arguments. Your claims should be well-substantiated and convincing.
  • 14. Consistency
  • Maintain consistency in style, tone, and formatting throughout your paper. Consistency enhances readability and professionalism.
  • 15. The Final Review
  • Before submission, conduct a final review of your paper. Check for any overlooked errors, ensure all guidelines are met, and confirm that your paper effectively conveys your message.
  • Conclusion: Smart academic writing is about more than just completing assignments; it's a skill that can serve you well throughout your academic and professional life. By mastering these strategies, you can become a more effective and persuasive writer.

Importance of Academic Writing to Students and Scholars

Academic writing is paramount for both students and scholars as it serves as a fundamental means of communication, knowledge dissemination, and intellectual development within the academic realm. Its significance can be delineated as follows:

  • Knowledge Communication : Academic writing facilitates the dissemination of knowledge, allowing students and scholars to share their research findings, insights, and discoveries with the broader academic community. Through academic writing, individuals contribute to the collective pool of knowledge, enabling the advancement of various fields of study.
  • Critical Thinking and Analysis : Engaging in academic writing cultivates critical thinking skills. Students and scholars must analyze information, synthesize diverse perspectives, and construct logical arguments. This process fosters intellectual rigor and enhances the ability to think critically and objectively.
  • Research Proficiency : Academic writing often involves extensive research, which enhances students' and scholars' research skills. It encourages individuals to locate and evaluate credible sources, assess evidence, and draw well-informed conclusions, thereby promoting scholarly rigor.
  • Academic Integrity : Academic writing is governed by principles of integrity and ethical conduct. Upholding these principles is crucial for maintaining the credibility of research and ensuring the trustworthiness of academic contributions.
  • Scholarly Recognition : High-quality academic writing contributes to scholars' reputations and recognition within their respective fields. Well-crafted papers, publications, and dissertations garner respect from peers and may lead to academic accolades, awards, or invitations to conferences.
  • Professional Growth : For students, academic writing is an essential aspect of their educational journey. It provides opportunities for students to enhance their writing skills, intellectual maturity, and academic proficiency, all of which are valuable for their future careers.
  • Peer Review and Feedback : Academic writing undergoes rigorous peer review processes, allowing scholars to receive constructive feedback and refine their work. Such critiques contribute to the improvement and refinement of academic research.
  • Publication and Impact : For scholars, publishing academic work is crucial for sharing new knowledge with the world. Published research can influence other researchers, policymakers, and practitioners, positively impacting society.
  • Preservation of Knowledge : Academic writing contributes to preserving knowledge for future generations. Published academic works become part of the scholarly record, allowing others to build upon existing research and ideas.
  • Intellectual Exchange : Through academic writing, students and scholars engage in intellectual exchange and scholarly debates. This exchange of ideas fosters a dynamic and thriving academic community.

Academic writing is an indispensable medium for knowledge exchange, critical thinking, and intellectual growth. For students, it fosters learning and research skills, while for scholars, it is the primary means of contributing to their respective fields and creating a lasting impact on academia and society at large. Emphasizing the importance of academic writing supports a culture of academic excellence and propels the advancement of human knowledge.

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At Smart Academic Writing, we offer a broad spectrum of services designed to enhance your academic writing skills and improve your scholarly achievements. We have categorized our services into three main sections: Academic Writing, Essay Writing, and Custom Services.

  • Academic Writing Services In our Academic Writing Services, we cover all genres of academic work, including but not limited to research papers, literature reviews, term papers, and dissertations. We guide you in structuring your work, selecting and integrating relevant sources, and maintaining an appropriate academic tone. Our team of expert tutors, each specialized in their field, can help you to understand complex concepts, clarify your thoughts, and articulate your ideas effectively.
  • Essay Writing Services Our Essay Writing Services are focused on providing support for constructing compelling academic essays. We assist in developing a strong thesis, structuring the essay, presenting your arguments, and concluding effectively. We also provide editing and proofreading services to ensure that your essays are error-free, logically coherent, and stylistically excellent.
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Our Team of Tutors and Problem Solvers Smart Academic Writing is proud to host a team of experienced tutors and problem solvers, each one a specialist in their respective academic fields. Their combined expertise spans humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, business, and technology. Our tutors hold advanced degrees from prestigious universities, bringing a deep understanding of academic writing requirements and standards. Their skills, patience, and dedication enable us to provide you with the best academic writing support. Our problem solvers have a unique aptitude for identifying and addressing the specific challenges faced by students. Whether it's structuring an argument, referencing sources correctly, or maintaining an appropriate academic tone, they can guide you through the process. Their goal is to simplify the complexity of academic writing and help you master the art of crafting high-quality academic papers. At Smart Academic Writing, we believe in the potential of every student. Our services are designed to help you improve your academic writing skills, achieve higher grades, and advance your academic journey with confidence. Your success is our greatest accomplishment .

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Smart Academic Writing

1. the art of effective research.

Research forms the backbone of any academic writing endeavor. Smart academic writers understand that effective research is the key to producing high-quality papers. Here are some key points to discuss in this section:

  • Research Strategies: Explore various research strategies, including library research, online databases, and primary source research. Discuss the importance of having a well-defined research plan before diving into the process.
  • Credible Sources: Emphasize the significance of using credible and peer-reviewed sources. Explain how to distinguish between reliable and unreliable sources in the digital age, where information is abundant but not always trustworthy.
  • Critical Evaluation: Discuss the critical evaluation of sources, focusing on criteria such as authority, objectivity, and relevance. Provide readers with a checklist for assessing the quality of sources.
  • Avoiding Information Overload: Address the challenge of information overload and how to manage vast amounts of data effectively. Introduce techniques like note-taking, outlining, and citation management software to streamline the research process.
  • Ethical Research: Highlight the ethical considerations in research, such as obtaining informed consent from study participants and addressing potential conflicts of interest. Stress the importance of conducting research with integrity.

2. Citing in the Digital Age

With the digital transformation of academic resources, citing sources correctly has become more complex. This section focuses on the intricacies of citation styles and tools. Here's what to cover:

  • Citation Styles: Explain the major citation styles used in academia, such as APA, MLA, Chicago, and others. Offer guidance on how to choose the appropriate style based on the discipline and requirements.
  • Online Citation Generators: Introduce online citation generators like Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote. Walk readers through the process of using these tools to create accurate citations and bibliographies.
  • Avoiding Plagiarism: Discuss the implications of plagiarism in academic writing and the consequences it can have on one's academic or professional career. Provide tips on how to avoid unintentional plagiarism through proper citation.
  • Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs): Explain the significance of DOIs in citing digital sources and how to format them correctly. Discuss the advantages of DOIs in ensuring source traceability.
  • Citation Management Software: Highlight the benefits of using citation management software to organize references, create bibliographies, and streamline the citation process.

3. Data Visualization for Impact

In the era of information overload, the ability to present data effectively is crucial. This section explores the role of data visualization in academic writing:

  • Visual Storytelling: Explain how data visualization serves as a powerful tool for storytelling in academic papers. Showcase examples of compelling visualizations that enhance the reader's understanding.
  • Types of Data Visualizations: Introduce various types of data visualizations, including charts, graphs, infographics, and interactive visualizations. Discuss when and how to use each type effectively.
  • Data Interpretation: Provide guidance on interpreting data visualizations accurately. Discuss how to convey key insights and trends through visual representations.
  • Tools for Data Visualization: Mention popular data visualization tools like Tableau, Excel, and Python libraries (e.g., Matplotlib and Seaborn). Share resources for learning how to create effective visualizations.
  • Accessibility: Emphasize the importance of creating accessible visualizations for all readers, including those with disabilities. Discuss best practices for ensuring accessibility in data visualization.

These first three sections lay a solid foundation for academic writers to excel in research, citation, and data presentation. They address fundamental skills that are essential for producing well-informed, well-cited, and visually engaging academic papers.

4. Mastering Academic Writing Style

Academic writing has a distinct style characterized by clarity, precision, and formality. Here's what to delve into in this section:

  • Clarity and Precision: Discuss the importance of clear and precise language in academic writing. Provide tips on avoiding jargon, overly complex sentences, and vague expressions.
  • Tone and Voice: Explain how to strike the right tone and maintain an authoritative voice in academic writing. Discuss the use of the third person and active voice.
  • Formal Language: Emphasize the need for formal language and how to maintain objectivity in academic writing. Provide examples of formal vs. informal language.
  • Academic Conventions: Cover common academic conventions such as writing in the past tense, using proper academic vocabulary, and adhering to discipline-specific norms.
  • Editing and Proofreading: Stress the importance of thorough editing and proofreading to eliminate errors and enhance the overall quality of the paper. Share tips and techniques for effective self-editing.

5. Crafting Impactful Introductions and Conclusions

The introduction and conclusion of an academic paper play a crucial role in engaging readers and leaving a lasting impression. In this section, address the following:

  • Purpose of Introductions: Explain the purpose of introductions, which is to provide context, state the research question or thesis, and engage the reader's interest. Share strategies for crafting compelling introductions.
  • Components of a Strong Introduction: Discuss the key components of an effective introduction, including the hook, background information, research question, and thesis statement.
  • Purpose of Conclusions: Clarify the role of conclusions, which is to summarize key points, restate the thesis, and leave the reader with a sense of closure. Offer guidance on writing impactful conclusions.
  • Components of a Strong Conclusion: Highlight the elements of a strong conclusion, such as summarizing main points, reinforcing the thesis, and offering insights or recommendations.
  • Transitions: Stress the importance of smooth transitions between the introduction, body, and conclusion. Provide examples of transition words and phrases that enhance coherence.

6. Time Management for Academic Writing

Time management is crucial for meeting deadlines and maintaining productivity in academic writing. Cover these aspects in this section:

  • Setting Realistic Goals: Discuss the importance of setting achievable writing goals. Offer strategies for breaking down larger tasks into manageable steps.
  • Creating a Writing Schedule: Explain how to create a writing schedule or routine that aligns with your productivity peaks. Discuss strategies for minimizing distractions.
  • Effective Planning: Share techniques for effective project planning, including outlining, setting milestones, and estimating the time required for each task.
  • Overcoming Writer's Block: Address common challenges like writer's block and provide strategies for overcoming them, such as freewriting and setting aside dedicated brainstorming sessions.
  • Revision and Editing Time: Emphasize the significance of allocating ample time for revision and editing in your writing schedule.

7. Collaborating on Research

Collaborative research is increasingly common in academia. Discuss strategies for effective collaboration in research:

  • Choosing Collaborators: Explain how to select research collaborators based on expertise and shared research interests. Discuss the benefits of diverse perspectives in collaborative projects.
  • Communication: Highlight the importance of clear and open communication among team members. Share tools and platforms for efficient communication.
  • Project Planning: Discuss collaborative project planning, including defining roles and responsibilities, setting goals, and creating a timeline.
  • Data Sharing: Address data sharing and management in collaborative research. Discuss data ownership, storage, and sharing protocols.
  • Conflict Resolution: Provide guidance on resolving conflicts and disagreements within research teams. Emphasize the importance of maintaining professionalism and open dialogue.

8. Ethical Considerations in Smart Academic Writing

Ethical conduct is fundamental in academic writing. Cover these ethical considerations:

  • Plagiarism Awareness: Discuss the importance of understanding and avoiding plagiarism. Provide examples of common forms of plagiarism and tips for proper citation.
  • Informed Consent: Address the need for informed consent when involving human subjects in research. Explain the ethical principles behind informed consent.
  • Data Integrity: Stress the importance of data integrity and responsible research practices. Discuss data fabrication, falsification, and the responsible handling of research data.
  • Authorship and Acknowledgment: Explain guidelines for authorship and acknowledgment in collaborative research. Discuss the importance of giving credit where it's due.
  • Conflicts of Interest: Discuss conflicts of interest in research and publication. Provide examples and strategies for transparent reporting of potential conflicts.

These sections encompass crucial aspects of smart academic writing, from maintaining a clear and formal writing style to managing time effectively, collaborating on research, and upholding ethical standards. Each topic contributes to the development of well-rounded and responsible academic writers.

9. Citation and Referencing

Citation and referencing are critical skills in academic writing. In this section, cover:

  • Citation Styles: Discuss common citation styles like APA, MLA, Chicago, and Harvard. Explain when to use each style and provide guidance on proper in-text citations.
  • Reference Management Tools: Introduce reference management tools like EndNote, Zotero, and Mendeley. Explain how these tools can help organize and format references.
  • Avoiding Plagiarism: Reiterate the importance of avoiding plagiarism through accurate citation. Share best practices for citing sources both within the text and in the bibliography.
  • Secondary Sources: Explain how to properly cite secondary sources when you're referencing a source that was cited in another work. Discuss the use of "as cited in" and how to format these references.

10. Peer Review and Feedback

Peer review and feedback are invaluable for improving the quality of academic writing:

  • Peer Review Process: Explain the peer review process, where colleagues or experts review your work and provide feedback. Discuss its role in quality assurance.
  • Giving Constructive Feedback: Offer tips for giving and receiving constructive feedback. Highlight the importance of specific, actionable feedback.
  • Using Feedback Effectively: Discuss strategies for using feedback to revise and enhance your work. Emphasize the iterative nature of academic writing.

11. Publishing Your Work

Publishing research findings is a key goal in academia:

  • Selecting Journals: Discuss how to identify appropriate journals for publishing your research. Explain factors to consider, including impact factors and target audience.
  • Manuscript Preparation: Provide guidance on preparing your manuscript for submission, including formatting requirements, word limits, and reference styles.
  • Peer-Reviewed Journals: Explain the significance of publishing in peer-reviewed journals and the rigorous review process involved.
  • Open Access Publishing: Discuss the concept of open access publishing and its benefits and drawbacks. Explain funding options for open access fees.

12. Staying Informed and Evolving

Academic writing is an evolving field. In this section, address:

  • Continuous Learning: Emphasize the need for continuous learning and professional development in academic writing. Discuss resources like webinars, workshops, and courses.
  • Emerging Trends: Explore emerging trends in academic writing, such as the use of multimedia in scholarly communication and the impact of artificial intelligence on research.
  • Networking: Discuss the benefits of networking with peers, mentors, and experts in your field. Explain how networking can lead to collaborations and opportunities.

13. Balancing Research and Teaching

For academics who balance research and teaching responsibilities:

  • Effective Time Management: Provide strategies for managing time between research, teaching, and other responsibilities. Discuss the benefits of setting priorities.
  • Integration: Explore ways to integrate your research into your teaching, creating a mutually beneficial relationship between the two.

14. Navigating Academic Challenges

Discuss common challenges faced by academic writers:

  • Writer's Block: Offer additional strategies for overcoming writer's block, such as changing your writing environment or seeking inspiration from other sources.
  • Dealing with Rejections: Discuss how to cope with rejection in academic publishing and strategies for revising and resubmitting work.

15. Achieving Work-Life Balance

Maintaining a healthy work-life balance is essential for long-term success:

  • Self-Care: Emphasize the importance of self-care, including exercise, mindfulness, and stress management.
  • Setting Boundaries: Discuss the importance of setting boundaries between work and personal life. Provide tips for achieving a healthy balance.
  • Seeking Support: Encourage seeking support from mentors, colleagues, or counseling services when facing academic or personal challenges.

By covering these we have created a comprehensive guide to smart academic writing, addressing key skills, ethical considerations, and strategies for success in academia. Academic writing is a dynamic field, and staying informed and adaptable is essential for continued growth and impact.

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Smart glove teaches new physical skills

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Collage of four images of a hand wearing a white, fabric-based glove with black fingertips and haptics and sensors sewn in. Two use cases shown include manipulating a robotic arm and playing a piano.

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You’ve likely met someone who identifies as a visual or auditory learner, but others absorb knowledge through a different modality: touch. Being able to understand tactile interactions is especially important for tasks such as learning delicate surgeries and playing musical instruments, but unlike video and audio, touch is difficult to record and transfer.

To tap into this challenge, researchers from MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and elsewhere developed an embroidered smart glove that can capture, reproduce, and relay touch-based instructions. To complement the wearable device, the team also developed a simple machine-learning agent that adapts to how different users react to tactile feedback, optimizing their experience. The new system could potentially help teach people physical skills, improve responsive robot teleoperation, and assist with training in virtual reality.

An open-access paper describing the work was published in Nature Communications on Jan. 29.

Will I be able to play the piano? To create their smart glove, the researchers used a digital embroidery machine to seamlessly embed tactile sensors and haptic actuators (a device that provides touch-based feedback) into textiles. This technology is present in smartphones, where haptic responses are triggered by tapping on the touch screen. For example, if you press down on an iPhone app, you’ll feel a slight vibration coming from that specific part of your screen. In the same way, the new adaptive wearable sends feedback to different parts of your hand to indicate optimal motions to execute different skills.

The smart glove could teach users how to play the piano, for instance. In a demonstration, an expert was tasked with recording a simple tune over a section of keys, using the smart glove to capture the sequence by which they pressed their fingers to the keyboard. Then, a machine-learning agent converted that sequence into haptic feedback, which was then fed into the students’ gloves to follow as instructions. With their hands hovering over that same section, actuators vibrated on the fingers corresponding to the keys below. The pipeline optimizes these directions for each user, accounting for the subjective nature of touch interactions. “Humans engage in a wide variety of tasks by constantly interacting with the world around them,” says Yiyue Luo MS ’20, lead author of the paper, PhD student in MIT’s Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), and CSAIL affiliate. “We don’t usually share these physical interactions with others. Instead, we often learn by observing their movements, like with piano-playing and dance routines. “The main challenge in relaying tactile interactions is that everyone perceives haptic feedback differently,” adds Luo. “This roadblock inspired us to develop a machine-learning agent that learns to generate adaptive haptics for individuals’ gloves, introducing them to a more hands-on approach to learning optimal motion.”

The wearable system is customized to fit the specifications of a user’s hand via a digital fabrication method. A computer produces a cutout based on individuals’ hand measurements, then an embroidery machine stitches the sensors and haptics in. Within 10 minutes, the soft, fabric-based wearable is ready to wear. Initially trained on 12 users’ haptic responses, its adaptive machine-learning model only needs 15 seconds of new user data to personalize feedback. In two other experiments, tactile directions with time-sensitive feedback were transferred to users sporting the gloves while playing laptop games. In a rhythm game, the players learned to follow a narrow, winding path to bump into a goal area, and in a racing game, drivers collected coins and maintained the balance of their vehicle on their way to the finish line. Luo’s team found that participants earned the highest game scores through optimized haptics, as opposed to without haptics and with unoptimized haptics.

“This work is the first step to building personalized AI agents that continuously capture data about the user and the environment,” says senior author Wojciech Matusik, MIT professor of electrical engineering and computer science and head of the Computational Design and Fabrication Group within CSAIL. “These agents then assist them in performing complex tasks, learning new skills, and promoting better behaviors.” Bringing a lifelike experience to electronic settings

In robotic teleoperation, the researchers found that their gloves could transfer force sensations to robotic arms, helping them complete more delicate grasping tasks. “It’s kind of like trying to teach a robot to behave like a human,” says Luo. In one instance, the MIT team used human teleoperators to teach a robot how to secure different types of bread without deforming them. By teaching optimal grasping, humans could precisely control the robotic systems in environments like manufacturing, where these machines could collaborate more safely and effectively with their operators.

“The technology powering the embroidered smart glove is an important innovation for robots,” says Daniela Rus, the Andrew (1956) and Erna Viterbi Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT, CSAIL director, and author on the paper. “With its ability to capture tactile interactions at high resolution, akin to human skin, this sensor enables robots to perceive the world through touch. The seamless integration of tactile sensors into textiles bridges the divide between physical actions and digital feedback, offering vast potential in responsive robot teleoperation and immersive virtual reality training.” Likewise, the interface could create more immersive experiences in virtual reality. Wearing smart gloves would add tactile sensations to digital environments in video games, where gamers could feel around their surroundings to avoid obstacles. Additionally, the interface would provide a more personalized and touch-based experience in virtual training courses used by surgeons, firefighters, and pilots, where precision is paramount. While these wearables could provide a more hands-on experience for users, Luo and her group believe they could extend their wearable technology beyond fingers. With stronger haptic feedback, the interfaces could guide feet, hips, and other body parts less sensitive than hands. Luo also noted that with a more complex artificial intelligence agent, her team's technology could assist with more involved tasks, like manipulating clay or driving an airplane. Currently, the interface can only assist with simple motions like pressing a key or gripping an object. In the future, the MIT system could incorporate more user data and fabricate more conformal and tight wearables to better account for how hand movements impact haptic perceptions.

Luo, Matusik, and Rus authored the paper with EECS Microsystems Technology Laboratories Director and Professor Tomás Palacios; CSAIL members Chao Liu, Young Joong Lee, Joseph DelPreto, Michael Foshey, and professor and principal investigator Antonio Torralba; Kiu Wu of LightSpeed Studios; and Yunzhu Li of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

The work was supported, in part, by an MIT Schwarzman College of Computing Fellowship via Google and a GIST-MIT Research Collaboration grant, with additional help from Wistron, Toyota Research Institute, and Ericsson.

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Robots: Short Essay on Robots

essay about robot technology

Robot s can be defined as machines that have  human-like  tendencies and capabilities. They can perform tasks according to their  programming . For the past decade or so, robots have demonstrated immense significance by  decreasing the workload of humans , especially in the industry sector.

Typically, robots are put into use in the  manufacturing industry . Laborers usually find these jobs monotonous and repetitive. When people perform a specific role for a long time, it is natural for them to get bored of what they have been doing and want an out or complete the task unwillingly.

This will also  reduce the effectiveness of such people  as compared to when they began working. As a result, they end up feeling burned out without any eagerness or enthusiasm to continue the work. That is precisely where robots come in the picture to make the  lives of humans easier  than ever.

Industrial Robots

Uses of Robots

Even though in popular fiction a robot resembles a humanoid, in reality, they may have different shapes depending on their function and utility. They can undertake many types of tasks, from cooking and cleaning to heavier ones like assembling large machinery. The development of modern industrialization is dependent on the development of robotics.

In the modern world one can find robots anywhere, even in daily life:

  • Robot vacuum cleaner : With a few instructions, the vacuum cleaner can clean the entire floor surface with no human intervention.
  • Robot lawn mower : Again the owner can set a few instructions, and the entire lawn will be mowed while the owner can tend to other tasks.
  • Drones:  They are being developed as a surveillance device or for delivery of small items such as pizzas, etc.
  • In  factories,  robots are used to set up assembly lines to minimize human labor.
  • A lot of computer programs use robots to  hack  into other peoples’ computers or software.

Using robots cuts down on a lot of human effort, yet its scope is limited and needs some supervision by human intelligence. Industries have reaped a lot of benefits from the  applications of robots  in the past few decades. Their utilization has also led to a massive increase in the  company’s productivity and profits . Robotics mixed with  artificial intelligence  has made it easy for humans to perform complicated or tedious tasks and this technology is only expected to grow in the future.

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