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Citing Government Documents in APA | Format & Examples

Published on February 11, 2021 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on December 27, 2023.

APA Style doesn’t provide a special format for citing government documents. Instead, you should determine what kind of source you’re dealing with—usually a report or a web page—and use the appropriate format.

To cite a government web page that doesn’t list an individual author , use the following format, listing the name of the government organization in the author position . If the name listed in the author position is the same as the website name (as in the example here), only list it once.

You can also use our free APA Citation Generator to automatically create accurate citations.

Table of contents

Citing government websites with individual authors, citing a government report in apa style, frequently asked questions about apa style citations.

When a government webpage does list an individual author or authors, list them in the author position, and always include the site name.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

If the document you are trying to cite is a report (usually labeled as such and often found in PDF form online), the format again differs slightly based on whether individual authors are listed.

Individual authors

To cite a report with one or more named authors, use the format below.

If there is no report number, leave that part out. The publisher should be identified clearly; list the specific organization and any department they are a part of if needed to identify them unambiguously.

Group authors

When a report doesn’t list a specific author, list the organization in the author position .

Any parent agencies necessary to identify the organization clearly can be listed in the publisher position. Otherwise, just omit this part; don’t repeat the same name in the author and publisher positions.

When no individual author name is listed, but the source can clearly be attributed to a specific organization—e.g., a press release by a charity, a report by an agency, or a page from a company’s website—use the organization’s name as the author in the reference entry and APA in-text citations .

When no author at all can be determined—e.g. a collaboratively edited wiki or an online article published anonymously—use the title in place of the author. In the in-text citation, put the title in quotation marks if it appears in plain text in the reference list, and in italics if it appears in italics in the reference list. Shorten it if necessary.

When you quote or paraphrase a specific passage from a source, you need to indicate the location of the passage in your APA in-text citation . If there are no page numbers (e.g. when citing a website ) but the text is long, you can instead use section headings, paragraph numbers, or a combination of the two:

(Caulfield, 2019, Linking section, para. 1).

Section headings can be shortened if necessary. Kindle location numbers should not be used in ebook citations , as they are unreliable.

If you are referring to the source as a whole, it’s not necessary to include a page number or other marker.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2023, December 27). Citing Government Documents in APA | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved April 2, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/apa-examples/goverment-document/

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APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Government & Legal Documents

• Introduction
• Journal Articles
• Magazine/Newspaper Articles
• Books & Ebooks
• Government & Legal Documents
• Biblical Sources
• Secondary Sources
• Films/Videos/TV Shows
• How to Cite: Other
• Additional Help

Table of Contents

Government document from a website, government document in print, court decision.

Statute (Legislation)

Unenacted Bill or Resolution

Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.

Government Documents often have a group/corporate author listed instead of a specific person's name. The author may be the name of a department, commitee or agency.

When the government department, agency or committee that created the document is also the publisher, omit the publisher name to avoid repetition. The names of parent agencies, if applicable, may be used as the publisher.

Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title. If there is a colon (:) in the title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.

Capitalize the first letter of proper names in titles, such as names of places or people.

Place of Publication

Omit the publisher location in the reference unless they are works associated with specific locations (e.g. a conference presentation). For cities in the US and Canada list the city name and the province or state code. For other countries, list the city name and the country. Examples: Toronto, ON ; Tokyo, Japan

Electronic Government Documents

Many government documents are now published electronically as well as in print. Provide the publisher name and the url.

Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication, Month Day).  Title of document: Subtitle if given  (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name. URL

United States Department of Children and Youth Services. (2010, April 27).  Your preschool child's speech and language development. United States Department of Health & Human Services. http://www.children.gov./htdocs/English/topics/earlychildhood/ speechlanguage/brochure_preschool.aspx

In-Text Paraphrase:

(Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee, Year)

Example: (United States Department of Children and Youth Services, 2010)

In-Text Quote:

(Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee, Year, Section Name section, para. Paragraph Number if more than one paragraph in section)

(United States Department of Children and Youth Services, 2010, By Age Five section, para. 4)

Note: When there are no visible page numbers or paragraph numbers, you may cite the section heading and the number of the paragraph in that section to identify where your quote came from.

Abbreviating Corporation/Group Author Name in In-Text citations:

Author names for corporations/groups can often be abbreviated. The first time you refer to the author, provide the full name, along with the abbreviation.

If the group name appears in the text of your paper, include the abbreviation in the in-text parenthetical citation:

Example: The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA, 2019) assisted in the rescue of 40 dogs.

If the group name first appears within a parenthetical citation, include the full group name as well as the abbreviation in square brackets:

Example: Forty dogs were rescued in Bendena, Kansas (American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals [ASPCA], 2019).

Provide the full group name (without an abbreviation) in the reference list entry: 

American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (2019, November 21).  Justice served: Case closed for over 40 dogfighting victims . https://www.aspca.org/news/justice-served-case-closed-over-40-dogfighting-victims

Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication).  Title of document: Subtitle if given  (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name.

National Health Council. (2007).  Americans' experience with chronic illness care in 2007 .

Note: When the government department, agency or committee that created the document is also the publisher, omit the publisher name in the reference.

Example: (National Health Council, 2007)

(Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee, Year, p. Page Number)

Example: (National Health Council, 2007, p. 4)

Name v. Name, Volume Source Page (Court Date).

Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).

(Brown v. Board of Education, 1954).

(Brown v. Board of Education, 1954, Syllabus (d)).

Italicize the case name if you include it in the text of your paper.

Name of Act, public law number, (year).

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Pub. L. No. 104-191, § 264, 110 Stat.1936.

(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act [HIPAA] of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-191)

(Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, Pub. L. No. 104-191, S. 264)

Title [if there is one], bill or resolution number, xxx Cong. (year).

Example (Senate):

Anti-Phishing Act, S. 472, 109th Cong. (2005).

Example: (House):

Anti-Phishing Act, H.R. 1099, 109th Cong. (2005).

(Anti-Phishing Act, 2005)

(Anti-Phishing Act, 2005, S. 1351 "Internet Fraud")

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APA Citation Style, 7th Edition: Government Websites & Publications, & Gray Literature

• APA 6/7 Comparison Guide
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• Journal Article with One Author
• Journal Article with Two Authors
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• Free APA 7th edition Resources, Handouts, & Tutorials

Government Websites, Government Publications, & Gray Literature

Tips on citing APA 7th edition references for Government reports and Gray (or Grey) Literature (p. 329-331): 

• Gray literature (or grey literature: either spelling is correct), is generally unpublished research that can include government reports, research reports, theses, dissertations, poster sessions, conference sessions or proceedings, etc... While gray literature is not considered scholarly (or technically peer-reviewed) it is still an important source of information because it is produced by researchers and practitioners in the field. It is often data, summaries, facts, statistics, or other information from current and ongoing research (Weintraub, 2000). (Paraphrased from Weintraub, I. (2000). The role of grey literature in the sciences .  https://web.archive.org/web/20080212130534/https://library.brooklyn.cuny.edu/access/greyliter.htm ) 
• Government reports often contain a publication number or report number. Make sure to add this information after the title of the document in parenthesis.
•  As in all other APA 7th edition citations, if the publisher is the same as the author (which can often be the case for government reports and gray literature), you do not include the publisher in the source area of the reference. 
• If an agency or corporation is the author, the names can be abbreviated after the first in-text citation. For example, a first citation from the National Institute of Mental Health would be (National Institute of Mental Health, 2018), and all remaining citations would be (NIMH, 2018). 

Reference Example 1:

National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute. (2016).  The heart truth for African American women: Take action to protect your heart fact sheet (NIH Publication No. 16-5066). US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health .  https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/all-publications-and-resources/heart-truth-african-american-women-take-action-protect

In-text Citation (Paraphrase):

(National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute [NHLBI], 2016) - first citation

(NHLBI, 2016) - all subsequent citations

In-text Citation (Direct Quote):

(National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute [NHLBI], 2016, p.8) - first citation

(NHLBI, 2016, p. 8) - all subsequent citations

Reference Example 2:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017, June 16). Clinical growth charts .  https://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/clinical_charts.htm

(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2017) - first citation

(CDC, 2017) - all subsequent citations

(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016, para.3) - first citation

(CDC, 2016, para.3)  - all subsequent citations

• APA 7 Government Website Examples A PDF with three examples of different types of government websites and how to correctly add reference entries for them in your paper.

Carrie Forbes, MLS

Page References

Citation information has been adapted from the APA Manual (7th Edition). Please refer to Chapter 10: Reference Examples, pp. 329-331 for more information. 

Helpful Tips

If you are citing a report, issue brief, or any other type of document issued with a number, include the type of document and number of publication in parenthesis directly after the title.

Example from page 329 of APA Manual:

National Cancer Institute. (2018).  Facing forward: Life after cancer treatment  [NIH Publication No. 18-2424]. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/life-after-treatment.pdf

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APA Citation Style, 7th edition: Government Document

• General Style Guidelines
• One Author or Editor
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• Magazine Article
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• Basic Web Page
• Web page from a University site
• Web Page with No Author
• Entry in a Reference Work
• Government Document
• Film and Television
• Youtube Video
• Audio Podcast
• Electronic Image
• Twitter/Instagram
• Lecture/PPT
• Conferences
• Secondary Sources
• Citation Support
• Avoiding Plagiarism
• Formatting Your Paper

Online Government Document

For more tips on citing government sources, check out the Government Publication section under the Books tab.

General Format

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Government Author, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

(Government Author, Year, page or paragraph number [if available])

References:

Name of Government Agency. (Year). Title of document: Subtitle . URL of specific document

First time: (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2020)

Subsequently: (HUD, 2020)

First time: (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2020, p. XX)

Subsequently: (HUD, 2020, p. XX)

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2020). National comprehensive housing market analysis . https://www.huduser.gov/portal/publications/pdf/National-CHMA-20.pdf

TIP: To abbreviate or not abbreviate?

QUESTION: If I am citing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the in-text citation, do I need to use the full name or can I just use CDC?

ANSWER: If the corporate author names (corporations, organizations, and government agencies) are readily identified by an abbreviation, you should include the full name in the first citation along with the abbreviation in brackets and then use the abbreviation in all other subsequent in-text citations.

Example: First in-text citation

• (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014)

Example: Subsequent in-text citations

• (CDC, 2014)

Subject Guide

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• Research guides

A Guide to APA Style 7th Edition

Citing government documents, example legal references and citations in apa.

• Bill Digest or Bill Summary
• Federal Legislation and Laws
• Hearings and Testimonies
• House and Senate Reports
• Congressional Debates
• Codes/Regulations
• CQ Databases
• Unnumbered Federal/Committee Documents
• State Legislation and Laws
• Executive Documents
• Congressional Research Service Reports
• European Union Directives and Proposals
• Govtrack.us
• Court Rules
• UN Convention/Treaty
• Symbols and Abbreviations

Bill summary from a database

Congressional Research Service. (1993, September 10). Violence Against Women Act of 1993: S. 11, 103rd Cong. Proquest Congressional.

(Congressional Research Service [CRS], 1993), successive citations as (CRS, 1993)

Congressional Research Service (1993)

Bill summary from Congress.gov

Congressional Research Service. (1993, September 10). Summary: S.11 - Violence Against Women Act of 1993. https://www.congress.gov/bill/103rd-congress/senate-bill/11

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, P.L. 103-322, 108 Stat. 1796. (1994).

Violence Against Women Act of 1994, P.L. 103-322, 108 Stat. 1902.

Violence Against Women Act, 42 U.S.C. § 13701 (1994).

(Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act [VCCLEA], 1994), successive citations as (VCCLEA, 1994)

Unenacted Bill

Violence Against Women Act, H.R. 1502, 102nd Cong. (1991).

H.R. 1502, 102nd Cong. (1991).

(Violence Against Women Act [VAWA], 1991), successive citations as (VAWA, 1991)

(H.R 1502, 1991)

Enacted Bill

Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, H.R. 3355, 103rd Cong. (1994) (enacted).

(Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, 1994)

Entire Hearing

Violence against women: Victims of the system: Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, Senate , 102nd Cong. 1 (1991).

( Violence Against Women , 1991)

Testimony during the Hearing:

Violence against women: Victims of the system: Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, Senate , 102nd Cong. 131 (1991) (testimony of Amy Kaylor).

( Violence Against Women , 1991, p. 131)

State Hearing

An Act Relative to Work and Family Mobility H.3012 & S.2061: A Public Hearing before the Massachusetts Joint Committee on Transportation , 191st Gen. Crt. (Mass. 2019, September 4). https://malegislature.gov/Events/Hearings/Detail/3261

( An Act Relative to Work , 2019)

Senate Report

S. Rep. No. 103-138 (1993).

Senate Report No. 103-138 (1993)

(S. Rep. No. 103-138, 1993)

House Report

H. Rep. No. 103-395 (1993).

House Report No. 103-395 (1993)

(H. Rep. No. 103-395, 1993)

Congressional Record Daily

140 Cong. Rec. E1,449 (daily ed. July 13, 1994) (statement of Rep. Schroeder).

(140 Cong. Rec. E1,449, 1994)

In her statements to Congress, Rep. Schroeder stated that, "VAWA would send an unequivocal message that police, prosecutors, and judges, the public can no longer cast aside domestic violence and stalking as personal problems" (140 Cong. Rec. E1449, 1994).

Permanent Bound Edition of Congressional Record

140 Cong. Rec. 16,496 (1994) (statement of Rep. Schroeder).

(140 Cong. Rec. 16,496, 1994)

State Journals or Records

H. 166-1, 2nd Sess., at 89 (Nh. 2020). http://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/house/caljourns/journals/2020/HJ_1.pdf

(H. 166-1, 2020)

Code of Federal Regulations

8 C.F.R. § 101.1 (2018). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CFR-2018-title8-vol1/CFR-2018-title8-vol1-sec101-1

Presumption of Lawful Admission, 8 C.F.R. § 101.1 (2018). https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CFR-2018-title8-vol1/CFR-2018-title8-vol1-sec101-1

8 C.F.R. § 101.1 (2018).

Presumption of Lawful Admission, 8 C.F.R. § 101.1 (2018).

Federal Register

Presumption of Lawful Admission, 68 Fed. Reg. 9832 (Feb. 28, 2003) (to be codified at 8 C.F.R. pt. 101). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2003/02/28/03-4935/aliens-and-nationality-homeland-security-reorganization-of-regulations

Presumption of Lawful Admission, 68 Fed. Reg. 9832 (2003)

State Codes

603 C.M.R. § 28.00 (2018). http://www.doe.mass.edu/lawsregs/603cmr28.html

Special Education, 603 C.M.R. § 28.00 (2018). http://www.doe.mass.edu/lawsregs/603cmr28.html

Massachuesetts

603 C.M.R. § 28.00 (2018)

Special Education, 603 C.M.R. § 28.00 (2018)

Greenbook (Print/PDF)

Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives. (2004). 2004 green book: Background material and data on the programs within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means (18th ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Committee on Ways and Means (2004) reported that enrollment in the AFDC soared in 1994, covering more than a fifth of children in the country (p. 7-2).

(Committee on Ways and Means, 2004, p. 7-2)

Greenbook (Web Version)

Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives. (2014). 2014 green book: Background material and data on the programs within the jurisdiction of the Committee on Ways and Means (22nd ed.). http://greenbook.waysandmeans.house.gov/2014-green-book

According to the Committee on Ways and Means (2014) 50% of the Employee Benefits program is covered federally and the other half is covered by the state (chapter 4, Introduction section, para. 3).

(Committee on Ways and Means, 2014, chapter 4, Introduction section, para. 3)

Landmark education bill signed. (2002). CQ almanac 2001 (57th ed.). Congressional Quarterly.

"Landmark Education Bill" (2002)

("Landmark Education Bill," 2002, Highlights section)

Unnumbered Federal/ Committee Documents

Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 104th Cong., Rep. on Violence Against Women Act in action (Comm. Print 1995).

(Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 1995)

Senate Committee on the Judiciary (1995)

Unenacted State Bill

H. 199, 189 th Gen. Ct., Sess. (Mass. 2015). https://malegislature.gov/Bills/189/House/H199

(H. 199, 2015) or H. 199 (2015)

Enacted State Bill

H. 199, 189 th Gen. Ct., Sess. (Mass. 2015) (enacted). https://malegislature.gov/Bills/189/House/H199

State General Law

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101 (2017). https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXV/Chapter106/Article1/Section1-101

Subscription Database

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101 (LexisNexis 2013)

(Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101, 2013)

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 106, § 1-101 (2013)

Association of Social Work Boards. (2012). Return of organization exempt from income tax [Form 990] . http://990s.foundationcenter.org/990_pdf_archive/222/222414510/222414510_201212_990.pdf

(Association of Social Work Boards, 2012)

Executive Order from Whitehouse.gov

Trump, D. (2017, February 9). Presidential executive order on enforcing federal law with respect to transnational criminal organizations and preventing international trafficking. White House Press Office. https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/09/presidential-executive-order-enforcing-federal-law-respect-transnational

Trump (2017)

(Trump, 2017, section 2(a))

Executive Orders in the Federal Register

Exec. Order. No. 13,515, 74 F.R. 53635 (2009). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2009/10/19/E9-25268/increasing- participation-of-asian-americans-and-pacific-islanders-in-federal-programs

Exec. Order No. 13,515 (2009)

(Exec. Order No. 13,515, 2009, p. 53,637)

Memorandum From Other Departments or Agencies

Napolitano, J. (2012, June 15). Exercising prosecutorial discretion with respect to individuals who came to the United States as children [Memorandum]. United States Department of Homeland Security Digital Library. https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=712428

Napolitano (2012)

(Napolitano, 2012, para. 5)

Letter From One Department to Another

Letter from Jessica Shahin, Assoc. Admin., Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, to Elizabeth Berlin, Exec. Deputy Comm., New York State Office of Temporary and Disability Assistance (Aug. 18, 2011). https://www.foodpolitics.com/wp-content/uploads/SNAP-Waiver-Request-Decision.pdf

"Letter from Jessica Shahin" (2011)

("Letter from Jessica Shahin," 2011, para. 5)

Presidential Papers from the Public Papers of the Presidents

Remarks on a Parental Leave Initiative and an Exchange With Reporters, 2 Pub. Papers 2163 (Nov. 30, 1999). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PPP-1999-book2/pdf/PPP-1999-book2-doc-pg2163.pdf

"Remarks on a Parental Leave" (1999)

("Remarks on a Parental Leave," 1999, p. 2165)

Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents

Presidential Statement on Signing S. 643 Into Law, 16 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 503 (Mar. 18, 1980). Hein Online.

"Presidential Statement" (1980)

("Presidential Statement",1980)

Congressional Research Services Reports

Sacco, L. (2014, March 6). Violence Against Women Act: Overview, legislation, and federal funding (CRS Report No. R42499). Hein Online.

Without author:

Congressional Research Services. (2015, May 26). Violence Against Women Act: Overview, legislation, and federal funding (CRS Report No. R42499). https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R42499

With author:

(Sacco, 2014)

Sacco (2014) stated that ... (p. 18)

(Congressional Research Services, 2014)

Congressional Research Services (2014) stated that... (p. 18)

Directive 2013/32 of the European Parliament and the Council of 26 June 2013 on Common Procedures for Granting and Withdrawing International Protection (recast), 2013 O.J. (L 108) 60.  http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L:2013:180:TOC

(Directive 2013/32, 2013)

Proposal of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a Common Procedure for International Protection in the Unionand Repealing Directive 2013/32/EU , COM (2016) 467 final (July 13, 2016). http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52016PC0467  

(Proposal of the European Parliament, 2016)  

Govtrack.us Comparing Bill Versions

Reference both bills that are being compared and indicate their stage in parenthesis with the date.

Improving Access to Maternity Care Act, H.R. 315, 115th Cong. (as passed by House, January 9, 2017). Civic Impulse. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/hr315/text/eh#compare=350473:is

Improving Access to Maternity Care Act, S. 783, 115th Cong. (as introduced by Senate, March 30, 2017). Civic Impulse. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/115/hr315/text/eh#compare=350473:is

(Improving Access to Maternity Care Act, H.R. 315, 2017)

(Improving Access to Maternity Care Act, S. 783, 2017)

Govtrack.us as a Website Tool

Govtrack.us [Web tool]. (n.d.). https://www.govtrack.us/

Govtrack.us (n.d.)

State Court Rule

Mass. Sup. Ct. R. 3:30. (2012). https://www.mass.gov/supreme-judicial-court-rules/supreme-judicial-court-rule-303-legal-assistance-to-the-commonwealth

Mass. Sup. Ct. R. 3:30. (2012)

United Nations Convention or Treaty

United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Optional Protocol, December, 13, 2006, http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/convention/convoptprot-e.pdf

United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Optional Protocol (2006)

Common Symbols and Abbreviations

§ = section, refers to a particular part of a document, usually in legal materials

• To create the § use the Character Map on a PC or go to Edit then Emoji and Symbols and search for "section" on Mac.

ch. = Chapter

Cong. = Congress, usually refers to a specific session of congress, i.e. 101st Cong.

CRS = Congressional Research Service, an arm of the Library Congress that conducts research on policy for the US Congress

Gen. Ct. = General Court, usually refers to a state level congressional session

H.R. or H. = House of Representatives

P.L. = Public Law

Rep. or Rep. No. = Report or report number

S. or Sen. = Senate

Sess. = Session

Stat. = Statute, usually refers to session laws, a chronological compilation of laws organized by volume and page number

U.S.C. = United States Code

Citation Resources

The APA Publication Manual gives guidelines for referencing some legal resources on page 216, Appendix 7.1. For anything not represented in the Manual, APA recommends using The Bluebook.

We include as many citation examples as possible in this guide. If you don't find what you are looking for in this guide, ask a librarian for assistance.

Quick Links to Example Legal Citations in APA:

• Basic Legal Citation - Cornell University
• Citing Government Documents in APA - Cornell University
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• Subjects: Social Work
• Tags: apa_help , apa_style , social_work_apa

APA (7th ed.) Citation Style Guide: Government Documents

• Paper Format Guidelines
• Four Elements of a Reference
• Missing Reference Information
• In-Text Citations
• Secondary Sources
• Tables and Figures
• Book Sections (Chapters)
• Reference Works
• Business Sources
• Audiovisual Material
• Social Media & Software
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• Open Textbooks
• Course Related Material
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• Further Examples
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• Nursing Resources

Government Documents and Grey Literature

Government document citations include:

• Author or authors.  The Author may be a government or corporate entity.
• Title of report.  Provide the report number in brackets if given.
• Publisher.  Omit the publisher information if the author and the publisher are the same 
• DOI or URL is hyperlinked. "Retrieved from" is omitted.

"There are many kinds of reports, including government reports, technical reports, and research reports...They are part of a body of literature sometimes referred to as grey literature.  The category of grey literature includes press releases, codes of ethics, grants, policy briefs, issue briefs, and so forth.  It is optional-but often helpful-to describe these less common types of grey literature in square brackets after the title....When the publisher is the same as the author, which is often the case for group authors, omit the publisher from the source element." ( Publication manual of the American Psychological Association , 7th ed., 2020, p. 329)

For a government agency, use the most  specific agency .

Report by a Government Agency or Other Organisation

Author, A.A. (Year of report). Title of report (report number if given). URL

British Columbia Centre for Disease Control. (2005). British Columbia pandemic influenza preparedness plan: Guidelines for planning, response and recovery . http://www.pep.bc.ca/hazard_plans/BC_PI_Plan_Fina1_PAB_REVISED-AUG.pdf

Parenthetical citation: (British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, 2005)

Narrative citation: British Columbia Centre for Disease Control (2005)

Use the specific agency as the author for government documents. APA says that it may look complicated with a lot of different levels and agencies and that we can simplify by using just the specific agency. The rest of the information is not lost as it will come up later in the citation. For further information on citing government agencies as the author, please refer to the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed., 2020, p. 288

Report by Individual Authors at a Government Agency or Other Organization

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of report (report number if given). Publisher. URL

Pearson, C. (2015). The impact of mental health problems on family members . Statistics Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-624-x/2015001/article/14214-eng.pdf

Parenthetical citation: (Pearson, 2015)

Narrative citation: Pearson (2015)

Government Document - Print

Statistics Canada. (2006). Women in Canada, 2005: A gender-based statistical report (Catalogue no. 89-503-XIE). 

Parenthetical citation: (Statistics Canada, 2006)

Narrative citation: Statistics Canada (2006)

"When the author and publisher are the same, omit the publisher from the source element." (Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed., 2020, p. 324)

Statistics Canada - CANSIM data

Statistics Canada. (2021). Canadian economic dashboard and COVID-19 [Data visualization tool]. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/71-607-x/71-607-x2020009-eng.htm

Parenthetical citation: (Statistics Canada, 2021)

Narrative citation: Statistics Canada (2021)

Parliamentary Document

House of Commons Canada. (2013, February). Tax incentives for charitable giving in Canada. Report of the Standing Committee on Finance, 41st Parliament, 1st Session.  https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/41-1/FINA/report-15

Parenthetical citation: (House of Commons Canada, 2013)

Narrative citation: House of Commons Canada (2013)

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Citation guides

All you need to know about citations

How to cite a government website in APA

Generally, it is not necessary to cite a website in a reference entry in APA style. According to the APA guidelines , one can simply add the URL of the website as an in-text citation, e.g.:

The website USA gov (https://www.usa.gov/) claims to be an online guide to government information and services.

To cite a government website in a reference entry in APA style 6th edition include the following elements:

• Author(s) of government website: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to seven authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For eight or more authors include the first six names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Date of publication: Give the year, month and day in brackets followed by a full stop, e.g. (2019, June 13).
• Title of government website: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• Format: Describe any specific item found on the website, e.g. Brochure, Image, Video file, etc.
• URL: Give the full URL of the web page including the protocol (http:// or https://).

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a government website in APA style 6th edition:

Author(s) of government website . ( Date of publication ). Title of government website [ Format ]. Retrieved from URL

To cite a government website in a reference entry in APA style 7th edition include the following elements:

• Author(s) of government website: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Title of the webpage: Give the title of the specific webpage an italicize.
• Title of the website: Give the official title of the website.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a government website in APA style 7th edition:

Author(s) of government website . ( Date of publication ). Title of the webpage . Title of the website . URL

APA reference list examples

Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the APA style guidelines for a government website citation in action:

A brochure found on a website by a government agency

Office for Human Research Protections . ( n.d. ). Becoming a research volunteer: It's your decision [ Brochure ]. Retrieved from https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/sites/default/files/ohrp/education/ brochures/3panelfinal.pdf

A website by a government agency

Office for Human Research Protections . ( n.d. ). Becoming a research volunteer: It's your decision . U.S. Department of Health & Human Services . https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/sites/default/files/ohrp/education/ brochures/3panelfinal.pdf

A video found on a website by a government agency

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau . ( 2018, Oct 19 ). Managing someone else's money: Guidebooks for financial caregivers [ Video file ]. Retrieved from https://www.consumerfinance.gov/consumer-tools/managing-someone-elses-money/

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau . ( 2018, Oct 19 ). Managing someone else's money: Guidebooks for financial caregivers . https://www.consumerfinance.gov/consumer-tools/managing-someone-elses-money/

Note: When the author and website name are the same, omit the website name from the citation.

This citation style guide is based on the official Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association ( 6 th edition).

More useful guides

• APA Citation for Government Documents
• How to Cite a Government Site Without an Author in APA Format
• APA blog: How to Cite Something You Found on a Website in APA Style

More great BibGuru guides

• Harvard: how to cite an online magazine article
• Chicago: how to cite an honors thesis
• MLA: how to cite a website

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APA Citation Guide (7th edition) : Government Documents

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On This Page

Government document from a website, government document in print.

Note : All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

Government Documents often have a group/corporate author listed instead of a specific person's name. The author may be the name of a department, commitee or agency.

When the government department, agency or committee that created the document is also the publisher, omit the publisher name.

Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title. If there is a colon (:) in the title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.

Capitalize the first letter of proper names in titles, such as names of places or people. Example: Canada

Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication, Month Day). Title of document: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name. URL

Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication). Title of document: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name.

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How to Cite Government Websites in APA

Last Updated: March 6, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD . Jennifer Mueller is a wikiHow Content Creator. She specializes in reviewing, fact-checking, and evaluating wikiHow's content to ensure thoroughness and accuracy. Jennifer holds a JD from Indiana University Maurer School of Law in 2006. There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 31,792 times. Learn more...

When you're writing a research paper, American Psychological Association (APA) style requires you to cite your sources in two ways. The entry in your Reference List at the end of your paper provides full publication information that will allow readers to locate the source and read it themselves. A parenthetical in-text citation points the reader to the full entry in the Reference List. APA style does not have a distinct category for government publications. If you use a government website as a source, you would generally use the same format as you would use for any other website . However, if you're citing a report or brochure available on the website, your format will be somewhat different. [1] X Research source

Reference List Entry

• Example: National Cancer Institute.

Tip: While government agencies often list a hierarchy of departments, you only need to include the name of the most specific responsible agency. For example, you would use "National Cancer Institute" instead of "U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute."

• Example: National Cancer Institute. (2016).

• Example: National Cancer Institute. (2016). Taking part in cancer treatment research studies

• Report example: National Cancer Institute. (2016). Taking part in cancer treatment research studies (Publication No. 16-6249).
• Brochure example: U.S. Department of the Interior. (2012). Snakes of the Everglades [Brochure].

• Report example: National Cancer Institute. (2016). Taking part in cancer treatment research studies (Publication No. 16-6249). Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/CRS.pdf
• Brochure example: U.S. Department of the Interior. (2012). Snakes of the Everglades [Brochure]. Retrieved from https://www.doi.gov/fl/everglades/snakes.aspx

In-Text Citation

• Example: (U.S. Department of Interior,

Exception: APA style allows you to use an abbreviated version of the government author in your text if you're mentioning the agency often. In that case, you can also use the abbreviation in your parenthetical citation.

• (U.S. Department of Interior, 2012).

• For example, you might write: Invasive Burmese pythons are blamed for the decline of native small mammal populations because they "have been regularly found in the stomachs of Burmese pythons" captured in and around the Everglades (U.S. Department of Interior, 2012, para. 3).

• For example, you might write "A 2012 study by the U.S. Department of Interior noted the raccoon population of the southernmost region of Everglades National Park has decreased by 99.3 percent since 1997."
• If you include the name of the agency in your text, place the year of publication in parentheses immediately after the name of the agency. For example, you might write "According to the U.S. Department of Interior (2012), invasive Burmese pythons have eradicated or nearly eradicated many species of native mammals, including marsh rabbits, cottontail rabbits, raccoons, and foxes."

Expert Q&A

You might also like.

• ↑ https://guides.himmelfarb.gwu.edu/c.php?g=27779&p=170369
• ↑ https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2018/09/how-to-cite-a-government-report-in-apa-style.html
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa6_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_electronic_sources.html
• ↑ https://libguides.up.edu/apa/websites
• ↑ https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/apa/governmentdocs
• ↑ https://nwtc.libguides.com/citations/APA7
• ↑ https://columbiacollege-ca.libguides.com/apa/websites
• ↑ https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/apaquickguide/intext

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How to Cite U.S. Government Documents in APA Citation Style: Home

Introduction, style manuals consulted -- print editions, a note on the chicago manual of style.

• House and Senate Reports and Documents
• Congressional Hearings & Testimony
• Congressional Record
• Congressional Bills and Resolutions
• Federal Laws/Statutes
• Executive Documents -- Presidential Papers, Proclamations and Executive Orders
• Rules/Regulations -- Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) and the Federal Register
• Foreign Relations of the United States
• State Legislative Documents
• State Statutes (Laws)
• Court Cases
• Government Agencies
• Other legal citations

This guide provides general principles for citing US Government documents in student research papers in APA format, along with examples by type of document.

Types of Documents not addressed by APA

In cases where the APA style manual does not specifically address the type of document in question, suggested examples in this guide are based on The Bluebook: A uniform system of citation, adapted to APA style .

The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation. Olin Library, Ready Reference Shelves. KF 245.U58 21st ed. 2020

For additional guidance on citing court cases, statutes and regulations, see also: Introduction to Basic Legal Citation (online ed. 2020), by Peter W. Martin.

Citing Foreign Jurisdictions

Table 2 Foreign Jurisdictions from The Bluebook has moved online.

T2 Foreign Jurisdictions

MLA Citation Style

See Documenting Legal Works in MLA Style .

The Chicago Manual of Style offers extensive guidance for citing US and some international and foreign documents, beginning with section 14.281.

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CRJU 1040: Agency Research Project, Mrs. McCook, Spring 2024: How to cite a government website page in APA (7th ed.)

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Government website page (in-text citation)

General Format

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Government Author or name of Government Agency if no author listed, Year or n.d. if no date is given)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

(Government Author or name of Government Agency, Year or n.d. if no date given, page or paragraph number [if available])

First time: (U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration [DEA], 2019)

Subsequently: (DEA, 2019)

First time: (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development [HUD], 2019)

Subsequently: (HUD, 2019)

TIP: To abbreviate or not  abbreviate?

QUESTION:   If I am citing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the in-text citation, do I need to use the full name or can I just use CDC?

ANSWER: It's always up to your instructor. If you're not sure, ask.  Generally, however, If the corporate author names (corporations, organizations, and government agencies) are readily identified by an abbreviation, you should include the full name in the first citation along with the abbreviation in brackets and then use the abbreviation in all other subsequent in-text citations.

Example: First in-text citation

• (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014)

Example: Subsequent in-text citations

• (CDC, 2014)

Government website page reference (citation of the entire work at end of paper)

General Format:

Name of Government Agency. (Year, Month if applicable Day if applicable).  Title of article: Subtitle . URL of specific document

U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration. (2019, August 8).  Special agent . Retrieved February 6, 2024,               from  https://www.dea.gov/careers/special-agent

Helpful hints:

• If the page names an individual author, cite their name first:
• Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date).  Title of page . Site name. URL

Price, D. (2018, March 23).  Laziness does not exist . Medium.  https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist-3af27e312d01

• If the resource was written by a group or organization, use the name of the group/organization as the author. Additionally, if the author and site name are the same, omit the site name from the citation.
• Group name. (Year, Month Date).  Title of page . Site name. URL

American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (2019, November 21).  Justice served: Case closed for over 40 dogfighting victims .  https://www.aspca.org/news/justice-served-case-closed-over-40-dogfighting-victims

• If the page's author is not listed, start with the title instead. Additionally, include a retrieval date when the page's content is likely to change over time (like, for instance, if you're citing a wiki that is publicly edited).
• Title of page . (Year, Month Date). Site name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL

Tuscan white bean pasta.  (2018, February 25). Budgetbytes. Retrieved March 18, 2020, from  https://www.budgetbytes.com/tuscan-white-bean-pasta/

• If the date of publication is not listed, use the abbreviation (n.d.). 
• Author or Group name. (n.d.).  Title of page . Site name (if applicable). URL

National Alliance on Mental Illness. (n.d.).  Mental health conditions .  https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Mental-Health-Conditions

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An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( Lock Locked padlock icon ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

How to cite USA.gov

Learn how to cite USA.gov in some of the most popular attribution formats.

As the official guide to government information and services, USA.gov can be an authoritative source for your research paper.

Here are examples of how you can cite USA.gov in some of the most popular attribution formats:

Title of specific document. (Last update or copyright date; if not known, put n.d.). In title of website. Retrieved date, from link

Find more information about APA citations .

Chicago Manual of Style

"Title of specific page." Source. Last modified use the last modified date provided near the bottom of every page in month day, year format. Link.

Learn more information about Chicago style citations.

"Title of specific page." USA.gov, use the last modified date provided near the bottom of every page in day abbreviated month. year format, link.

See more about creating an MLA citation . 

LAST UPDATED: August 23, 2023

Have a question?

Ask a real person any government-related question for free. They will get you the answer or let you know where to find it.

Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

Reference List: Electronic Sources

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Note:  This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style  can be found here .

Important Note: Some electronic citations necessitate the use of brackets. APA style dictates that brackets should directly surround their content without spaces (e.g., [bracketed content] should look like this). When possible, include the year, month, and date in references. If the month and date are not available, use the year of publication. Additionally, APA 7 th  edition no longer requires the use of “Retrieved from” before URLs or DOIs; special exceptions, however, are made for resources that are unarchived. Including the retrieval date for these sources indicates to readers that the version of the work they retrieve may be different than what was originally used. 

Please note: the following contains a list of the most commonly cited electronic sources. For a complete list of how to cite electronic sources, please refer to the 7 th edition of the APA Publication Manual.

Webpage or Piece of Online Content

If the page names an individual author, cite their name first:

Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page . Site name. URL

Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist . Medium. https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist-3af27e312d01

If the resource was written by a group or organization, use the name of the group/organization as the author. Additionally, if the author and site name are the same, omit the site name from the citation.

Group name. (Year, Month Date). Title of page . Site name. URL

American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (2019, November 21). Justice served: Case closed for over 40 dogfighting victims . https://www.aspca.org/news/justice-served-case-closed-over-40-dogfighting-victims

If the page's author is not listed, start with the title instead. Additionally, include a retrieval date when the page's content is likely to change over time (like, for instance, if you're citing a wiki that is publicly edited).

Title of page . (Year, Month Date). Site name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL

Tuscan white bean pasta.  (2018, February 25). Budgetbytes. Retrieved March 18, 2020, from  https://www.budgetbytes.com/tuscan-white-bean-pasta/

If the date of publication is not listed, use the abbreviation (n.d.). 

Author or Group name. (n.d.).  Title of page . Site name (if applicable). URL

National Alliance on Mental Illness. (n.d.). Mental health conditions . https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Mental-Health-Conditions

Wikipedia Article

APA 7 treats Wikipedia articles as special instances of entries in reference works. Thus, there are a few differences between reference entries for pages on Wikipedia and those for generic webpages.

Title of article. (Year, Month Date). In  Wikipedia.  URL of archived version of page

Quantum mechanics. (2019, November 19). In Wikipedia . https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quantum_mechanics&oldid=948476810

Wikipedia articles often update frequently. For this reason, the date refers to the date that the cited version of the page was published. Note also that the manual recommends linking to the archived version of the page, rather than the current version of the page on the site, since the latter can change over time. Access the archived version by clicking "View History," then clicking the date/timestamp of the version you'd like to cite.

Online Scholarly Journal Article: Citing DOIs

Please note: Because online materials can potentially change URLs, APA recommends providing a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), when it is available, as opposed to the URL. DOIs are an attempt to provide stable, long-lasting links for online articles. They are unique to their documents and consist of a long alphanumeric code. Many—but not all—publishers will provide an article's DOI on the first page of the document.

Note also that some online bibliographies provide an article's DOI but may "hide" the code under a button which may read "Article" or may be an abbreviation of a vendor's name like "CrossRef" or "PubMed." This button will usually lead the user to the full article which will include the DOI. Find DOIs from print publications or ones that go to dead links with doi.org's "Resolve a DOI" function, available on the site's home page .

APA 7 also advises writers to include a DOI (if available), even when using the print source.

Article from an Online Periodical with DOI Assigned

Lastname, F. M., & Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, Vol.( Issue), page numbers. DOI

Drollinger, T., Comer, L. B., & Warrington, P. T. (2006). Development and validation of the active empathetic listening scale. Psychology & Marketing, 23 (2), 161-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20105

Article from an Online Periodical with no DOI Assigned

If an online scholarly journal article has no DOI and is published on a website, include the URL. If an online scholarly article has no DOI and is published on a database, do not include a URL or any database information. The only exception is for databases that publish articles that are in limited circulation (like ERIC) or that are only available on that particular database (like UpToDate). Note that retrieval dates are required for unarchived sources that are likely, or intended, to change over time. 

Perreault, L. (2019). Obesity in adults: Role of physical activity and exercise. UpToDate . Retrieved January 12, 2020, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/obesity-in-adults-role-of-physical-activity-and-exercise

APA 7 th edition does not provide guidance on how to cite abstracts. However, if you only use information from the abstract but the full text of the article is also available, we advise you to add "[Abstract]" after the article or source name. If the full text is not available, you may use an abstract that is available through an abstracts database as a secondary source.

Online News Article

Note:  The format for this type of source depends on whether your source comes from a site with an associated newspaper.

If the source  does  come from a site with an associated newspaper, leave the title of the article unformatted, but italicize the title of the newspaper.

Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Title of Publication . URL

Richards, C. (2019, December 9). Best music of 2019: Lana Del Rey sings lullabies about the end of America. Washington Post . https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/best-music-of-2019-lana-del-rey-sings-lullabies-about-the-end-of-america/2019/12/06/6e82c5ec-15d8-11ea-a659-7d69641c6ff7_story.html

On the other hand, if the source  doesn't  come from a site with an associated newspaper, italicize the title of the article, but leave the name of the site unformatted.

Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of article . Name of publishing website. URL

Jones, J. (2020, May 10). Why flats dominate Spain's housing market . BBC. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20200506-why-do-flats-dominate-spains-housing-market

Electronic or Kindle Books

It is not necessary to note that you have used an eBook or audiobook when the content is the same as a physical book. However, you should distinguish between the eBook or audiobook and the print version if the content is different or abridged, or if you would like to cite the narrator of an audiobook.

Lastname, F. M. (Year).  Title of book . Publisher. URL

Lastname, F. M. (Year).  Title of book [eBook edition]. Publisher. URL

Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book (N. Narrator, Narr.) [Audiobook]. Publisher. URL (if applicable)

Dissertation/Thesis from a Database

Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of dissertation or thesis (Publication No.) [Doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis, Name of Institution Awarding Degree]. Database Name.

Duis, J. M. (2008). Acid/base chemistry and related organic chemistry conceptions of undergraduate organic chemistry students  (Publication No. 3348786) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Northern Colorado]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Entry in an Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia with a Group Author

Note:  An online dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia may be continuously updated and therefore not include a publication date (like in the example below). If that’s the case, use “n.d.” for the date and include the retrieval date in the citation.

Institution or organization name. (Year). Title of entry. In Title of reference work . URL

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Braggadocio. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary . Retrieved January 13, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/braggadocio

Entry in an Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia with an Individual Author

Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of entry. In F. M. Lastname (Ed.), Title of reference work (edition). Publisher. URL or DOI

Martin, M. (2018). Animals. In L. A. Schintler & C. L. McNeely (Eds.), Encyclopedia of big data . SpringerLink. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32001-4_7-1

Note: If the dictionary, thesaurus, or encyclopedia does not include an edition, simply skip that step.

Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group (Year). Title of dataset (Version No.) [Data set]. Publisher. DOI or URL

Grantmakers in the Arts. (2019). Arts funding trends, United States, 1994-present (ICPSR 37337) [Data set]. National Archive of Data on Arts & Culture. https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NADAC/studies/37337

Graphic Data (e.g. Interactive Maps, Infographics, and Other Graphic Representations of Data)

Give the name of the organization or individual followed by the date and the title. If there is no title, in brackets, you should provide a brief explanation of what type of data is there and in what form it appears. Include the URL and the retrieval date if there is no publication date.

HatchMed. (2017). 8 ways to improve patient satisfaction [Infographic]. HatchMed.com. https://www.hatchmed.com/blog/2017/1/30/8-ways-to-improve-patient-satisfaction

Google. (n.d.). [Google Map of Purdue University]. Retrieved January 12, 2020, from https://www.google.com/maps/@40.4237095,-86.9233886,17z

Qualitative Data and Online Interviews

If an interview is not retrievable in audio or print form, cite the interview only in the text (not in the reference list) and provide the month, day, and year in the text. If the interview transcript is published in an online periodical, like a magazine, cite the interview the same way you would cite the medium where it is published, as shown below:

Schulman, M. (2019, December 8). Peter Dinklage is still punk rock. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/culture/the-new-yorker-interview/peter-dinklage-is-still-punk-rock

If it is an audio file or transcript published in a database, credit the interviewee as the author and use the following model:

Paynter, W. (1970, September 17). Interview with Will Paynter [Interview]. Studs Terkel Radio Archive; The Chicago History Museum. https://studsterkel.wfmt.com/programs/interview-will-paynter

Online Lecture Notes and Presentation Slides

When citing online lecture notes, be sure to provide the file format in brackets after the lecture title (e.g. PowerPoint slides, Word document).

Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of presentation [Lecture notes, PowerPoint slides, etc]. Publisher. URL

Smith, C. (2017, October 13). AI and machine learning demystified [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/carologic/ai-and-machine-learning-demystified-by-carol-smith-at-midwest-ux-2017

Computer Software/Downloaded Software

Do not cite standard office software (e.g. Word, Excel) or programming languages. Provide references only for specialized software.

Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group. (Year). Title of software (Version No.). Publisher. URL

Maplesoft. (2019). Maple companion (Version 2.1.0). Cybernet Systems Co. https://www.maplesoft.com/products/MapleCompanion/

E-mails are not included in the list of references, though you should parenthetically cite them in your main text:

(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).

Online Forum or Discussion Posting

Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [username]. (Year, Month Date). Title of post [Online forum post]. Publisher. URL

Stine, R. L. [RL__Stine]. (2013, October 23). I’m R.L. Stine and it’s my job to terrify kids. Ask me anything! [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1p32dl/

Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@username]. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Tweet]. Site Name. URL

Note : If the tweet includes images, videos, or links to other sources, indicate that information in brackets after the content description. Also attempt to replicate emojis if possible.

National Geographic [@NatGeo]. (2020, January 12). Scientists knew African grays are clever, but now they’ve been documented assisting other members of their species—even strangers [Tweet; thumbnail link to article]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/NatGeo/status/1216346352063537154

Twitter Profile

Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@username]. (n.d.). Tweets [Twitter profile]. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL

MLA Style [@mlastyle]. (n.d.). Tweets [Twitter profile]. Retrieved January 12, 2020, from https://twitter.com/mlastyle

Facebook Post

Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Type of post]. Site Name. URL

Note: If the Facebook post includes images, videos, or links to other sources, indicate that information in brackets after the content description. Also attempt to replicate emojis if possible.

U.S. Department of the Interior. (2020, January 10). Like frosting on a cake, snow coats and clings to the hoodoos at Bryce Canyon National Park in Utah [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/USInterior/photos/a.155163054537384/2586475451406120/?type=3&theater

Facebook Page

Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Site name. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL

Little River Canyon National Preserve (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved January 12, 2020 from https://www.facebook.com/lirinps/

Instagram Photo or Video

Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@username]. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words [Type of post]. Site Name. URL

BBC [@bbc]. (2020, January 12). Skywatchers have been treated to the first full moon of 2020-known as a “wolf moon”-at the same time as a [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B7OkWqbBwcf/

Blog Post  

Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of post. Publisher . URL

Axelrod, A. (2019, August 11). A century later: The Treaty of Versailles and its rejection of racial equality. Code Switch, NPR . https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2019/08/11/742293305/a-century-later-the-treaty-of-versailles-and-its-rejection-of-racial-equality

YouTube or other Streaming Video

Last Name, F. M. [Username]. (Year, Month Date). Title of video [Video]. Streaming Service. URL

Lushi, K. [Korab Lushi]. (2016, July 3). Albatross culture 1 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_AMrJRQDPjk&t=148s

Note : The person or group who uploaded the video is considered the author. If the author’s name is the same as the username, you can omit the [Username].

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date). Title of talk [Video]. TED. URL

Al-Mutawa, N. (2010, July). Superheroes inspired by Islam [Video]. TED. https://www.ted.com/talks/naif_al_mutawa_superheroes_inspired_by_islam#t-4909

Or (if on YouTube)

Username. (Year, Month Date). Title of talk [Video]. YouTube. URL

Tedx Talks. (2011, Nov. 15). TEDxHampshireCollege - Jay Smooth - How I learned to stop worrying and love discussing race [Video]. YouTube.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MbdxeFcQtaU

Podcast Episode

Host, A. A. (Host). (Year, Month Date). Title of episode (No. if provided) [Audio podcast episode]. In Name of podcast . Publisher. URL

Prime, K. (Host). (2019, March 29). For whom the cowbell tolls [Audio podcast episode]. In Radiolab . WNYC Studios. https://www.wnycstudios.org/story/whom-cowbell-tolls

• Library Catalogue

Citing Canadian government documents: APA style

On this page, general notes, government documents: online vs. print.

• Reference in text (APA Manual, 6.13, p. 176; table 6.1, p. 177)

References list

Reports (7.03, p. 205), report by individual author, standing committee reports, department reports, legal documents (appendix 7.1, p. 216-224), government regulations, case law (a7.03, pp. 217-219), acts/statutes (a7.04, pp. 219-221), additional government documents, debates (hansard), committee proceedings, additional resources, citing materials obtained through access to information / freedom of information requests, sources used for this guide, other guides.

Many government documents are most often accessed online, and so almost all the examples listed are for documents accessed online. In APA citation style there are a few differences between citing a document online and citing one in print.

Online documents

British Columbia Ministry of Health. (2008). Meals and more: A foods and nutrition manual for homes of adults and children with 24 persons or fewer in care. Retrieved from the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia website: http://www.llbc.leg.bc.ca/public/pubdocs/bcdocs/454480/meals_and_more_manual.pdf

For online reports include as much of the following information as possible:

• Title (in italics)
• (Report number) (if applicable)
• URL of document, giving the website address that goes directly to the document if possible: Retrieved from Agency Name website: http:// www.example.gc.ca/document

Print documents

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Canada's residential schools: Missing children and unmarked burials (Vol. 4). Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.

For print reports include as much of the following information as possible:

• (Report number) [if applicable]
• Place of publication
• Publisher ( if the publisher is the author , as is often the case in government documents, put the word Author in place of the publisher).

Reference in text (APA Manual , 6.13, p. 176; table 6.1, p. 177)

Government groups as authors are usually spelled out each time they appear in a text citation.

If the name is long, it can be spelled out in full the first time, and abbreviated thereafter. Be sure that the abbreviation is familiar or easy to understand, so that the reader does not have trouble finding the appropriate reference in the Works Cited list.

You may put the abbreviation in square brackets [ ] following the full name in the first citation.

First citation:

(Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation [CMHC], 2010)

Subsequent citations:

(CMHC, 2010)

General reference forms for:

References list example

British Columbia Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation. (2010). New relationships with aboriginal people and communities in B.C.: Measuring outcomes, 2008-2009. Retrieved from the Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation http://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/consulting-with-first-nations/first-nations/report_aboriginal_annual_progress_20082009.pdf

• Author or Agency's name can vary between Provincial and Federal governments along with punctuation:

Provincial:

British Columbia Ministry of Aboriginal Relations and Reconciliation.

Canada, Commission of Inquiry into Part-Time Work.

• For documents retrieved online , identify the publisher as part of the retrieval statement unless the publisher has been identified as the author :  Retrieved from Agency Name website: http://www.example.gc.ca/document
• If the issuing agency assigned a number (e.g., report number, contract number) to the report, give that number in parentheses ( ) following the title.
• For print documents , include the place of publication and the publisher, separated by a colon.
• Exceptions include debates and legal documents (see sections below).

Plant, P.G. (2007). Access and excellence: The campus 2020 plan for British Columbia's post-secondary education system. (Report No. C2007-960088-3). Retrieved from the Legislative Library of British Columbia website: http://www.llbc.leg.bc.ca/public/pubdocs/bcdocs/409788/campus2020-thinkingahead-report.pdf

Canada, Parliament, Senate. Standing Senate Committee on National Finance. (2008). Report on the financial security for seniors: Entitlements and retroactivity provisions under the Canada Pension Plan. 39th Parl., 2nd sess. Rept. 9. Retrieved from the Parliament of Canada website: http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Committee/392/fina/rep/rep09mar08-e.htm

Environment Canada, Transportation Division. (2009). Fleet average NOx emission performance of 2007 model year light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles: In relation to the On-road Vehicle and Engine Emission Regulations under the  Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. Ottawa: Author.

Bill C-6: An Act Respecting the Safety of Consumer Products. (2009). 1st Reading Feb. 5, 2009, 40th Parliament, 2nd session. Retrieved from the Parliament of Canada website: http://www.lop.parl.gc.ca/About/Parliament/LegislativeSummaries/Bills_ls.asp?lang=F&ls=c6&Parl=40&Ses=2&source=library_prb

Canadian Wheat Board Act: Regulations amending the Canadian Wheat Board regulations. (2010). Canada Gazette Part II, 144(4). Retrieved from the Canada Gazette website: http://www.gazette.gc.ca/archives/p2/2010/index-eng.html

R. v. Beaulieu, 7 Supreme Court of Canada. (2010). Retrieved from the Supreme Court of Canada Judgments website: https://scc-csc.lexum.com/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/7846/index.do

• Italicize the names of cases in text, but not in the reference list.
• Court cases often have several years, each of which reflects a specific stage in the case's history. Include all years in your citation.

Advance Payments for Crops Act, Revised Statutes of Canada (1985, c. C-49). Retrieved from the Justice Laws website: http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-49/

• Do not italicize titles of acts or statutes in the Works Cited List.

Layton, J. (2010, Mar. 5). "Afghanistan." Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Edited Hansard 145 (3). 40th Parliament, 3rd session. Retrieved from the Parliament of Canada website: http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=40&Ses=3&DocId=4332869

Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Standing Committee on Agriculture and Agri-Food. (2004). Minutes of Proceedings. 38th Parliament, 1st session, meeting no. 6. Retrieved from the Parliament of Canada website: http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=e&Mode=1&Parl=38&Ses=1&DocId=1449963

Statistics Canada. (2008). Aboriginal peoples in Canada in 2006: Inuit, Métis , First Nations, 2006 census. (Catalogue number 97-558-XIE2006001). Retrieved from Statistics Canada website http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-558/index-eng.cfm?CFID=3480264&CFTOKEN=92888761

See the Citing guide for Statistics Canada, PCensus, and CHASS data or How to Cite Statistics Canada Products for more information on citing statistical data obtained from Statistics Canada's Web site, the PCensus database or from CANSIM via the University of Toronto's CHASS site.

"Researchers wishing to embrace the collaborative and collegial aspects of ATI/FOI research can help by ensuring that all ATI/FOI requests used in the preparation of a written work are clearly identified. There are no citation guidelines that apply specifically to ATI/FOI records, but researchers should strive to follow two principles:

• Be consistent: Adopt a single approach to referencing ATI/FOI content and use it throughout a written work
• Facilitate Follow-up: Adopt an approach that will provide your reader with enough information to a) make sense of the essential details of the record(s) you are referring to and b) follow-up by filing a request for previously released records.

For a example of ATI/FOI record referencing, consider the elements included by Canadian researcher Tia Dafnos in a chapter on the policing of aboriginal activism. Another researcher interested in these records is provide with enough information to file a follow-up request with the Ontario Ministry of community safety and Correctional Services (MCSCS)."

Larsen, M. [2013]. Access in the academy: Bringing ATI and FOI to academic research. Retrieved from https://fipa.bc.ca/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Access-in-the-Academy.pdf

The bluebook: a uniform system of citation [ print ] Table 2.6 [T2.6, pp298-305] contains Canadian citation examples, including Common Law and Civil Law (Quebec), constitutions, statutes, and regulations.

Canadian guide to uniform legal citation, 8th ed. [ print ]

Cite right, 1st ed. [ print ] This edition of Cite Right contains a section on Blue book legal citations [Ch12, p149] which is not present in the 2nd edition [2011].

The complete guide to citing government information resources, 3rd ed. [ print ] Review the index for sections related to Canada, including statutes, acts, and related parliamentary proceedings.

Brief Guide to Citing Canadian Government Sources - Guide by Queen's University for citing government resources. Note that this resource does not use APA Style, but does have some useful examples.

Government Information Citation Guides - Courtesy of Concordia University 

How to Cite a Government Report in APA Style - From the APA Style Blog 

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How to cite a government website? That is a question we hear all the time! You won't believe how many times we have answered it. So it is a perfect time to finally address it in our new guide.

To cite a government website in APA style, include the author, detailed publication date (including the month and day if available), title, website name, and URL. If there is no listed author or date, use the organization name and "n.d." for "no date." If the website name is identical to the organization name, list it only once.

Your in-text citation should include the author's last name or organization name and the publication date.

A little spoiler alert: there is no unified format you can use in this case. You should rather identify the type of source you are working with (e.g. web page or official report) and cite it accordingly. This makes our case slightly tricky. But in this guide we will tell you everything you should know about citing a government website in APA style 7th edition. If you want to know the format for each instance — continue on this adventure with our APA writers !

How to Cite Government Website APA: One Author

How to cite the government website APA if there is an author given? This is our first question to address. But the answer to it is rather simple. Moreover, a major part of your required information can be retrieved from the publication. Not even a major part, but everything is right there. Besides, you don't have page numbers or anything like that. Thus, your format will be very simple. Here is how it should look:

Citing a Government Website APA: Government Agency as an Author

Our next question is as follows: How to cite a government website APA ? The majority of such agencies publish current news from their department. Therefore, there is no single author to be found. The easier option here is to view an organization as your writer. Hence, we have a very similar format to what we have already discussed. And just like that time, we have no page number or true publisher. Just like so:

How To Cite a Government Website APA With No Author

Now it is time to think about the APA citation government website if it has no author. We have already established that you can use the name of your organization. But it might happen that you have no organization or author in your document. So how can you complete your reference list? You can use your document’s title as an author:

P.S. You can also shorten your title. 

Citing Government Website APA With One Author in Print

APA citations for government websites can also feature those that are found in print. Here we will obviously have a page number. Otherwise, the format will be quite similar to what we had before. If this document is a report, don't forget to include its number if present. Plus, you can cite one specific author or a group. General format is, just like always, here:

APA Citation for Government Website With a Government Agency as an Author in Print

We have two last steps through citing a government website APA. This style doesn't seem to end, does it? But still, you need to reference all information you find online or offline. In this case, you can use the name of your organization or committee instead of an author. 

APA Citation: Government Website, No Author, in Print

Hurray to us because it is our last point about the government website APA citation . What shall we do with no author? Well, our answer is rather simple because it does not differ much from our previous point. Here is information you should include:

Keep in mind that we have guides for citing different sources. Even if you are looking for an  APA dictionary citation , we have it. Go to our library. 

Final Thoughts on Citing a Government Website: APA

How to cite a government website APA? Wait, you know it already because we have covered it in our guide. So congratulations, as you now are prepared to cite practically anything there is.

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