secular worldview essay

Ethics and Morality

Purpose, meaning, and morality without god, why we care even if the universe doesn’t..

Posted September 9, 2018 | Reviewed by Lybi Ma

“Without God, life has no purpose, and without purpose, life has no meaning. Without meaning, life has no significance or hope.” –Pastor Rick Warren, in The Purpose Driven Life

In the last couple of decades, religious affiliation has been on a steep decline in all modern societies. 1 Many worry that religion’s loss of influence will result in nihilistic societal values—a loss of the sense of purpose, meaning and morality . This fear rests on the assumption that religion is the source of these qualities, and that they were inherent at the origin of the universe, imbued by a benevolent creator.

Before the transformative scientific insights of the last few decades, it could quite reasonably have seemed self-evident that our world is purposefully designed and controlled by some sort of intentional higher power. It might even have seemed naive to suggest that the ingenious complexity that characterizes our world could have arisen spontaneously.

Despite many seemingly convincing arguments in favor of a grand design, modern science tells us otherwise about the nature of reality. A powerful scientific worldview has been steadily constructed over the last four centuries, at a pace that has been accelerating almost exponentially in modern times. In the last decade or two, several key parts of the overall picture have been snapping into place. We now have highly compelling and entirely plausible models for how our world, life, and consciousness could have emerged entirely spontaneously and unguided—all the way from the universe’s origin (astonishingly) to its present complexity. No external or first cause is required, no intelligent designer, and no guiding hand.

But if these scientific insights compel us to regard all existence as random, where does this leave us? Nobel laureate physicist Steven Weinberg had famously written, “The more the universe seems comprehensible, the more it also seems pointless.” 2

Philosophers have long pondered how such abstract and intangible qualities as values and ethics could arise from the material “stuff” of the universe? Even if they somehow could, wouldn’t morality be relative? How can purpose and meaning arise in a random, material universe?

Biological evolution enabled purposive, meaning-oriented human behavior and morality; cultural evolution refined them.

The universe may not be purposeful, but humans are. Our sense of purpose is not at all dependent on the universe having a purpose. All living creatures are purposive, in a basic sense. Even a bacterium or a plant is purpose-driven. Human purposive behavior has evolved to become much more embellished, elaborated by conscious intention, but it is fundamentally driven by the same basic instinctual goals of all living things: survival and reproduction.

Meaning derives from the physical world too: it is simply the value and significance something has to a living organism—whether it is good or bad for the organism's survival and flourishing. Humans, with our extravagantly embellished evolution of consciousness , have evolved to be a highly complex meaning-seeking species. The meaning we attach to events and to our sense of self is as richly layered and interconnected as our complex neural networks. 3

It is a human habit to infer deliberate intention to events in self-referential ways . Adopting a secular worldview entails recognizing that meaning is a human attribution and things do not happen for a predetermined reason, unless of course caused by deliberate human action.

We are very adept at finding meaning in life experiences and events. We often succeed at doing this even more so in the face of adversity than we do in times of plain sailing. People find many sources of life satisfaction and meaning, regardless of whether they are religious believers or not.

Unavoidably, meaning in life can be hard to find in some life circumstances. Believers in a purposeful universe struggle to explain why bad things happen to good people. Such situations can often trigger a painful crisis of faith, feeling abandoned by God. Non-believers suffer just as much in the face of adversity, but their understanding of randomness frees them from the sense of cosmic injustice.

A fundamental source of meaning for most people is knowing that we matter—that our life matters to others, that our life has an effect on the lives of others, and that others care about us. When bad things happen to people, suffering can be partially mitigated if the sufferer has reason to expect that something good might come out of their misfortune—perhaps some positive impact on others. Most people, religious or secular, want to know that they matter to other people—to know that people care about them. Religious people additionally want to feel that they matter to God—they want the universe to care.

As for morality, much has been researched and written in the last couple of decades utterly dispelling the long-held assumption that religion is the origin of morality, and delineating in detail the naturally evolved basis (biological and social) of the human moral sense . Humans have both prosocial and antisocial traits—cooperative, caring tendencies as well as competitive, aggressive tendencies.

In the long view of history, multiple cultural evolutionary factors have contributed to an unmistakable trend toward more compassionate, purpose-driven societies. 4 Societal progress in our modern era has been uneven and faltering; catastrophic derailments have occurred along the way and will always be a risk. But the overall positive trend has been a strong, definite one nonetheless. Increasing secularism has played no small role in this when coupled with democracy and human rights.

The loss of religion in modern societies will not lead to nihilism

Religion is not the source of purpose, meaning, and morality . Rather, religion can be understood as having incorporated these natural motivational and social dispositions and having coevolved with human cultures over time. Unsurprisingly, religion has also incorporated our more selfish, aggressive, competitive, and xenophobic human proclivities.

Modern secular societies with the lowest levels of religious belief have achieved far more compassion and flourishing than religious ones. 5

Secular humanists 6 understand that societal ethics and compassion are achieved solely through human action in a fully natural world. We can rely only on ourselves and our fellow human beings. All we have is each other, huddled together on this lifeboat of a little planet in this vast indifferent universe.

We will need to continue to work actively toward the collective goal of more caring societies to further strengthen the progress of our species.

Far from being nihilistic, the fully naturalistic worldview of secular humanism empowers us and liberates us from our irrational fears, and from our feelings of abandonment by the god we were told would take care of us; it motivates us to live with a sense of interdependent humanistic purpose. This deepens our feelings of value, engagement, and relatedness. People can and do care, even if the universe doesn’t . 7

1. The Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study found that “nones” (people who self-identify as atheists or agnostics, or say their religion is “nothing in particular”) made up roughly 23 percent of the U.S. adult population. This was a dramatic increase from 16 percent in their 2007 study. Lack of religious preference was more common among younger Americans (34 to 36 percent of millennials). Corresponding statistics in other Western countries reveal similar trends toward loss of religious belief. Most Western countries are already far less religious than the U.S.

2. Steven Weinberg, The First Three Minutes: A Modern View of the Origin of the Universe (New York: Basic Books, 1977), 154.

3. Also, our brains are highly evolved as semiotic information-processors (i.e., processors of signs and symbols, assigning meaning to patterns of signs and symbols—this is the basis for human communication). [CLICK 'MORE' TO VIEW FOOTNOTES 4-7]

4. See Steven Pinker, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (New York: Viking, 2011); and Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress (New York: Viking, 2018).

5. See, for instance, the Human Development Index, Gallup Global Reports, the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, and the Global Peace Index.

6. Paul Kurtz, Humanist Manifesto 2000: A Call for a New Planetary Humanism (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2000).

7. Lewis, Ralph. Finding Purpose in a Godless World: Why We Care Even If The Universe Doesn’t . Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2018. This blog post is a bare-bones summary of some of the major themes of the book, which is a deeper dive into questions of purpose, meaning and morality in a random, purposeless, godless universe.

See this YouTube video link for an engaging Power Point presentation in which Dr. Lewis explains how a family health crisis focused him on coming to terms with the outsized role of randomness in life, and to wrestle with the question of whether the scientific worldview of a fundamentally random universe is nihilistic. He summarizes how science has come to view the universe and absolutely everything in it as the product of entirely spontaneous, unguided processes, and why this is actually a highly motivating realization for humankind. Or see this link for a very brief video providing a synopsis of the book.

Ralph Lewis, M.D. , is an associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto, a psychiatrist at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and a consultant at the Odette Cancer Centre in Toronto.

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Secular Worldview

Secular Worldview – Mankind at the Center The Secular Worldview is a religious worldview in which “man is the measure” -- mankind is the ultimate norm by which truth and values are to be determined. According to Secular Humanism, all reality and life center upon human beings. In fact, we act as God. Our friends at Summit Ministries have helped us explain the basics of the Secular Worldview across ten major categories. For comprehensive coverage of each concept, please click on READ MORE at the end of each paragraph.

Secular Worldview – The Individual Elements The Secular Worldview is a comprehensive view of the world from a materialistic, naturalistic standpoint. Therefore, the Secular Humanist sees no place for the supernatural or immaterial. "There is no place in the Humanist worldview for either immortality or God in the valid meanings of those terms. Humanism contends that instead of the gods creating the cosmos, the cosmos, in the individualized form of human beings giving rein to their imagination, created the gods." 1 The following elements of the Secular Worldview naturally flow from this core foundation:

Secular Worldview – Conclusion The Secular Worldview is a comprehensive conception of the world from a naturalistic standpoint. "The ultimate failure of Secular Humanism is in the fact that of its very nature it promises what it cannot fulfill. By encouraging people to put their trust in earthly happiness it programs them for disillusionment. This is in large measure the reason why the history of the modern world has been characterized, intellectually, by philosophies of pessimism like Existentialism and by often-rancorous bitterness over various plans for worldly improvement. In the twentieth century, mass slaughter has been perpetrated not by religious believers in opposition to heresy but by secularists convinced that their plan for a worldly utopia is the only possible one." 2

NOTES 1 Corliss Lamont, The Philosophy of Humanism, (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1982) p. 145. 2 James Hitchcock, What is Secular Humanism? Why Humanism Became Secular and How It Is Changing Our World, (Ann Arbor, MI: Servant Books, 1982) p. 141.

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Secular and Christian Worldviews , which do you follow.  This Bible study addresses the differences between secular and Christian worldviews, and what every Christian must know to defend the faith.   It’s a mandatory study in apologetics to effectively engage the unsaved.  Secular and Christian worldviews are fundamentally different  and depending on the one you subscribe to, it will determine your outlook on life.  We’ll look at the prominent secular worldviews and explain how they conflict with Christianity.

Might and Violence Worldviews

Might equals Right is a worldview that’s in favor of the strong and promotes the will of the strong over the weak.  A main component of this worldview is that power determines what’s right, and an offshoot of this worldview is  social Darwinism. Social Darwinism states that the strong  should see their wealth and power increase while the weak will decline.   Some even suggest that Hitler believed in this philosophy which was widespread up to the end of WWII.

Another ideology that is closely associated with Social Darwinism is Rugged Individualism.  This belief asserts individualism in social and economic affairs and it’s a  belief in personal liberty, self-reliance and  free competition.  Although on the surface this seems to acceptable, it does trample on the weak and vulnerable.

Naturally, from these worldviews a superiority ideology springs forth. Whether this is racial, economic or otherwise, it is founded on the might is right philosophy. This ideology assumes that one group is better than the other, therefore it justifies the domination of the “lesser” group.  Usually proponents of this view demonize, dehumanize and mistreat the group they aim to dominate which makes their actions “justifiable”.

As we know from scripture, none of these views is compatible with God’s nature, nor is it according to the Beatitudes and the Sermon on the Mount.  Christ does not teach us to exploit the weak and vulnerable, neither does he speak about life’s purpose being about money or power.  On the contrary, Jesus says blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven (Matthew 5:3-12).  The principles of the Kingdom of Heaven is counter to this fallen world.  Therefore, we can live according to the ways of the world.  In James 5:12, it states “Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress and to keep oneself from being polluted by the world”.  As you can see, none of these views are compatible with scripture and God’s nature.

Feel Good Worldviews

There are five primary worldviews that are a part of this category:  selfishness, objectivism, hedonism, moral relativism and political correctness.  All five worldviews have roughly the same views on life which is one’s own pleasure and how to control others from encroaching on your maximum pleasure.

Selfishness states that we live in a selfish world where our own pleasures and emotions are elevated above all things. A closely related worldview was coined in the 1940’s by Ayn Rand called objectivism.  This secular worldview teaches that the proper moral purpose of one’s life is to pursue one’s own happiness (pursuit of happiness).  Hedonism, which is officially the oldest worldview which was created by Aristippus of Cyrene in the fourth century BC.  This school of thought believes that pleasure is the primary or most important intrinsic good. In very simple terms, a hedonist strives to maximize net pleasure.

What does the Bible say about selfishness, pursuit of happiness and hedonism.  Immediately, we can exclude selfishness and hedonism because scripture does not condone behavior that is sinful.  For example sex provides pleasure, but outside of marriage, the Bible considers this behavior as adultery/fornication.  Therefore, we can not pursue this behavior as Christians , instead all joys of life must be within God’s natural order and His will.  Objectivism may seem acceptable, but this worldview, like the others is based on one’s pleasure.  Our focus as Christians is to seek the Kingdom of God, to live life in a way that is pleasing to the Lord, not our won sinful nature.  Each worldview promotes sin, not Godliness.

Regarding the last two worldviews, relativism and political correctness, these are views concocted to prohibit the Gospel and to consider all views and beliefs as acceptable.  Relativism is states that points of view have no absolute truth or validity.  They are simple relative, having subjective value based on the differences in perception and consideration.  Proponents of this view would say there is no absolute truth and everyones views are valid.  This of course is counter to the Bible as God’s word is the absolute truth.  Those that wish to side step and to minimize the Bible, enact this view to dilute God with all religions and philosophies.

Political correctness may be considered as an extension of moral relativism but with a militant approach.  It aims to restrict free speech that’s not a part of “their” (Globalist/Anti-Christ world order) political objective is considered weaponized.  The problem with this view is that a singular perspective that is anti-God is promoted while all other speech that promotes Jesus, family, salvation and abstinence from sin is considered a violation of political correctness.

The Culprit and the Impact of Secular Worldview

There are two factors that are responsible for the genesis of these worldviews: Satan and our sinful nature.   Satan’s main objective is to destroy God’s creation and create chaos on this world.   His goal is to hurt people, rob them of the Word of God, separate them from God and cause their eternal damnation.  In order to get a better idea of who Satan is, here are some of the names used to describe him: liar, thief, murder, and accuser.  Let’s not be mistaken, he is our foe.  Man’s role in this process is creating ways of life that is best suited for their sinful ways.  It makes perfect sense to follow hedonism as a sinful person because it’s the maximum expression of sin.  However, it’s the least beneficial from a lifestyle perspective and from God’s view.

The impact on humanity is disillusionment from God, chaos, hatred, fear and animosity towards each other.  When we are preoccupied with hating each other, we don’t focus on the Lord.  Satan will do everything possible to create an atmosphere of confusion.  These ideologies are designed to take create divisions in order to replace God in our lives.  The byproduct of a society based on these worldviews is chaos, lawlessness, sickness and generally speaking, it will mirror the time of Noah and Lot.  This is what Christ prophesied in the Olivet Discourse.  (Matthew 24, 25, Mark 13, Luke 21).

Therefore, if we are not literate in secular and Christian worldviews, we can not effectively defend the faith and share the Gospel with the unsaved.  For those that have never received the Lord and want to do so, please pray this prayer: Lord Jesus I know that I am sinner and I ask you forgive me of my sins.  I believe that you were crucified for my sins and through your blood I have redemption and salvation.  Please come into my heart and I receive you as my God.  I pray in Jesus name. AMEN

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What is Secular Humanism?

Secular humanism, often simply called humanism, is a philosophy or life stance that embraces human reason, secular ethics, and philosophical naturalism while specifically rejecting religious dogma, supernaturalism, and superstition as the basis of morality and decision making.

A comprehensive, nonreligious lifestance

Secular humanism is comprehensive , touching every aspect of life including issues of values, meaning, and identity. Thus it is broader than atheism, which concerns only the nonexistence of god or the supernatural. Important as that may be, there’s a lot more to life … and secular humanism addresses it.

Secular humanism is nonreligious , espousing no belief in a realm or beings imagined to transcend ordinary experience.

Secular humanism is a lifestance , or what Council for Secular Humanism founder Paul Kurtz has termed a eupraxsophy : a body of principles suitable for orienting a complete human life. As a secular lifestance, secular humanism incorporates the Enlightenment principle of individualism , which celebrates emancipating the individual from traditional controls by family, church, and state, increasingly empowering each of us to set the terms of his or her own life.

A naturalistic philosophy

Secular humanism is philosophically naturalistic . It holds that nature (the world of everyday physical experience) is all there is, and that reliable knowledge is best obtained when we query nature using the scientific method. Naturalism asserts that supernatural entities like God do not exist, and warns us that knowledge gained without appeal to the natural world and without impartial review by multiple observers is unreliable.

Secular. “Pertaining to the world or things not spiritual or sacred.”

Humanism. “Any system of thought or action concerned with the interests or ideals of people … the intellectual and cultural movement … characterized by an emphasis on human interests rather than … religion.”

— Webster’s Dictionary

A cosmic outlook rooted in science

Secular humanism provides a cosmic outlook —a world-view in the broadest sense, grounding our lives in the context of our universe and relying on methods demonstrated by science. Secular humanists see themselves as undesigned, unintended beings who arose through evolution, possessing unique attributes of self-awareness and moral agency.

A consequentialist ethical system

Secular humanists hold that ethics is consequential , to be judged by results. This is in contrast to so-called command ethics, in which right and wrong are defined in advance and attributed to divine authority. “No god will save us,” declared Humanist Manifesto II (1973), “we must save ourselves.” Secular humanists seek to develop and improve their ethical principles by examining the results they yield in the lives of real men and women.

Source: Free Inquiry

RLGN105: Introduction to Biblical Worldview

11/08/2019 to 04/16/2020 • Modified 02/01/2024 Request Info

Course Description

An introduction to the biblical worldview and contemporary moral issues. This course will introduce critical thinking skills. Religious and philosophical worldviews will also be explored.

For information regarding prerequisites for this course, please refer to the  Academic Course Catalog .

Each student has been influenced by various cultural, religious, and family values and morals, and often holds to personal opinions regarding these matters that have never been seriously considered. Students must be challenged to articulate and to validate a personal worldview. Students must clearly define what is believed and defend why it is believed, rather than just mimic what has been articulated by parents, teachers, pastors, and peers. Further, students must learn to critically reflect on the many viewpoints society offers, learn how to effectively communicate the Biblical/Christian worldview in a multicultural society, and develop a consistently biblical approach to viewing and living their lives.

Course Assignment

Textbook readings and lecture presentations

Course Requirements Checklist

After reading the Course Syllabus and Student Expectations , the student will complete the related checklist found in Course Overview.

Discussions (2)

Discussions are collaborative learning experiences. Therefore, the student is required to provide a thread in response to the provided prompt for each discussion. Each thread must be at least 150 words and demonstrate course-related knowledge. In addition to the thread, the student is required to reply to 2 other classmates’ threads. Each reply must be at least 150 words. (CLOs: A, B, C, D, E)

This assignment aligns with the following FSLOs: Critical Thinking 1, 2, 5

Reflection Essay Assignment

This assignment is designed to assess elements of the student’s personal worldview. This essay reflects the student’s current knowledge and beliefs so it may include personal pronouns and answers. The student is required to provide a 160–200-word minimum (total word count, not including the questions) response to the provided prompts. (CLOs: D)

This assignment aligns with the following FSLOs: Critical Thinking 1

Worldview Letter Assignment

The student will compose a letter in response to a friend who has requested that they explain the meaning and relevance of the term “worldview”. The assignment will be formatted as an actual written letter and include a minimum 150 words. (CLOs: B)

This assignment aligns with the following FSLOs: Critical Thinking 1, 3.

Bibliography Assignment

The student will demonstrate the ability to find and correctly cite, using either APA, MLA, or Turabian formatting, a list of sources that can be used in their Biblical and Secular Worldview paper.  (CLOs: B,C,D)

This assignment aligns with the following FSLOs: Critical Thinking 1, 3

Biblical and Secular Worldview Paper Assignment

The student will write a 550 word (minimum) research-based paper that focuses on answering the 5 Worldview Questions from both a Biblical and Secular worldview. A minimum of 5 different sources is required. At least 3 sources must be outside the course materials, videos, textbooks, and the Bible.  (CLOs: B,C,D)

This assignment aligns with the following FSLOs: Critical Thinking 1, 2, 3

Quizzes (8)

Each quiz will cover the Reading and Presentation material for the assigned Module: Week. Each quiz will be open-book/open-notes, contain 25 multiple-choice and true/false questions, and have a 30-minute time limit. A 2-point deduction may be assessed for each minute that the student goes over the 30-minute time limit. (CLOs: A, B, C, D, E)

This assignment aligns with the following FSLOs: Critical Thinking 3, 5

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Secular Humanism Worldview: The Christian Perspective Essay

The post provides a deep insight into the best ways to communicate one’s Cristian view to the advocates of Secular Humanism. Indeed, since, in Secular Humanism worldview, the ideal of freedom is the inadmissibility of any form of totalitarianism and the rule of law, it is best to approach its advocates with kindness and understanding. Secular Humanism worldview opposes all kinds of repression and dogma, so it is good advice to build conversation as a discussion but not as an instruction. Moreover, Secular Humanism worldview is based on critical thinking and assumes the possibility and necessity of deducing moral norms without religious revelation.

Remembering that, one should discuss the word of the gospel not as a kind of guidance that we, Christians, take it to be, but as rules that have the truth within them due to their high moral value. Being the adepts of critical thinking, Secular Humanism advocates are more likely to share the beliefs expressed in the gospel when they see them not as a dogma but as the best practices that have been critically reconsidered and have stood the test of times.

At the same time, the post provides good advice not to wait too much from conversations with Secular Humanism adepts since it may be difficult to convince them of the truth of the scripture. Nevertheless, the God told us “To be strong and of good courage, fear not, nor be afraid… for the Lord thy God, he it is that doth go with thee; he will not fail thee, nor forsake thee” (Deuteronomy 31:6). Therefore, I would not despair if my attempts to communicate the truth of the gospel to non-believers prove to be unsuccessful. Even if they do not believe the Bible, we can still share Christian practices of mercy, non – possessiveness and love for all living things and develop relations built on trust and respect for each other’s differences.

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IvyPanda. (2023, November 18). Secular Humanism Worldview: The Christian Perspective. https://ivypanda.com/essays/secular-humanism-worldview-the-christian-perspective/

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1. IvyPanda . "Secular Humanism Worldview: The Christian Perspective." November 18, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/secular-humanism-worldview-the-christian-perspective/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Secular Humanism Worldview: The Christian Perspective." November 18, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/secular-humanism-worldview-the-christian-perspective/.

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