APA Title Page (Cover Page) Format, Example, & Templates

Saul Mcleod, PhD

Editor-in-Chief for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester

Saul Mcleod, Ph.D., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years experience of working in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

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Olivia Guy-Evans, MSc

Associate Editor for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MSc Psychology of Education

Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors.

On This Page:

In APA Style (7th edition), the cover page, or title page, should include:
  • A running head (professional papers only) and page number
  • The title of the paper
  • The name of the author(s)
  • The institutional affiliation
  • An author note; optional (professional papers only)
  • A student paper should also include course information
Note : APA 7 provides slightly different directions for formatting the title pages of professional papers (e.g., those intended for scholarly publication) and student papers (e.g., those turned in for credit in a high school or college course).

Professional paper APA title page

An example of an APA format reference page

Student paper APA title page

An example of an APA format reference page

Formatting an APA title page

Note : All text on the title page should be double-spaced and typed in either 12-point, Times New Roman font. In the 7th edition, APA increaded the flexibility regarding font options: which now include Calibri 11, Arial 11, Lucida Sans Unicode 10, Times New Roman 12, or Georgia 11. All words should be centered, and capitalize the first letter of important words.

Running Head

In the 7th edition of the APA style manual, running heads are only required for professional papers that are being submitted for publication (student papers do not require a running head, but still need a page number).

Your title page should contain a running head that is flush left at the top of the page and a page number that is flush right at the top of the page.

Place the running head in the page’s header:

  • The running head is the abbreviated title of the paper (IN UPPERCASE LETTERS) aligned left on the page header of all pages, including the title page. APA (7th edition) guidelines require that running heads be a maximum of 50 characters (spaces count as characters).
  • The “Running head:” label used in the APA sixth edition is no longer used.
  • Place the page number in this same header, but align right, beginning with page number 1 on the title page.
  • This header should be 1 inch from the top. Some instructors allow for 1/2 inch, too, but the default is 1 inch.

Paper Title

Position the title of the paper in the upper half of the page. The title should be centered and written in boldface, and important words should be capitalized.

The APA recommends that your title should be a maximum of 12 words and should not contain abbreviations or words that serve no purpose.

Author Name(s)

Institutional affiliation.

Position the school or university’s name below the author(s) name, centered.

A student paper should also include the course number and name, instructor name, and assignment due date.

Further Information

  • APA Student Title Page Guide
  • APA Referencing
  • How to Write a Lab Report
  • Essay Writing Guide for Psychology Students
  • APA Style Citations & References
  • Example of an APA Formatted Paper

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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / APA Format / Formatting an APA title page

Formatting an APA title page

The title page is a requirement for all APA papers. The primary role of the title page is to present just that: the title. But that’s only the beginning of what is actually required for a properly formatted APA title page. This is the first chance a writer has to truly engage with the reader.

For students, the title page also lets people know which class, professor, and institution the text was written for. For professional authors, the title page is an opportunity to share any affiliations or conflicts of interest that might be present.

APA Style recognizes two different ways to format a title page. One is for student papers and the other is for professional papers. This guide will examine the difference and provide real-life examples of both.

The information provided below comes from the 7 th edition of the APA’s Publication Manual . You can read more about title page elements in Sections 2.1 – 2.8.

Here’s a run-through of everything this page includes:

The difference between a professional title page and a student title page in APA

Elements of an apa style title page, apa formatting title page example, conclusion: formatting a title page in apa 7.

Both student and professional title pages require a title, author, and an affiliation. Both types of title page also require the same basic formatting, including 1-inch indentations on all sides and a page number in the top right corner.

The primary difference is that professional title pages also require an author note and a running head. However, some professors do ask that you provide some of these elements in student papers. It’s a good idea to know how to format them just in case.

Student title page APA

An APA title page for any paper being submitted for a class, degree, or thesis is all about the basics. Here are the elements that should be included in a student title page :

  • Title of your paper
  • Byline (author or authors)
  • Affiliation (department and university)
  • Course name and course number
  • Instructor name

Page number

Your professor or institution might have their own formatting requirements. When writing a paper for a class, the first rule is to always pay attention to the instructions.

Professional title page APA

A professional title page skips the class info and due date, but it includes:

  • Affiliation (division and/or organization)
  • Author note
  • Running head

The author note and running head are generally only required for professional papers. However, some professors might ask that you include one or both of them. Be sure to check the assignment instructions before submitting.

The title of your paper is really important. This is where the author needs to simultaneously inform and engage the reader without being overly wordy.

An effective title will:

  • Engage the reader
  • Concisely explain the main topic of research
  • Concisely explain any relevant variables or theoretical issues

The paper title should be placed three or four lines down from the top margin of the page. It should be presented in bold, title case, and centered on the page.

Author/Byline

The correct way to display the author’s name is first name, middle initial, and last name. The most important thing is to prevent the possibility of mistaken identity. After all, there are a lot of papers published every year, and it’s possible that someone else has the same name as you do.

For all author bylines in APA, all licenses and degrees are omitted (e.g., Dr., Professor, PhD, RN, etc.).

If your paper has multiple authors, then they should all be listed in the same way, in order of their contributions. All authors should be on the same line, unless more lines are required.

Here’s an example of a properly formatted byline for a paper with two authors:

Cassandra M. Berkman and Wilhelm K. Jackson

Affiliation

The affiliation element is where you identify the place where the work was conducted or who it was conducted for. This is almost always a university or institution. In some cases, there are multiple affiliations for one author, or multiple authors with different affiliations.

Academic affiliations

Academic affiliations include schools, universities, and teaching hospitals. The affiliation line should include the specific department followed by the name of the institution. There is no need to include a location for academic affiliations.

Here is an example of what a basic academic affiliation line should look like:

Department of Psychology, Colorado State University

Non-academic affiliations

Non-academic affiliations are anything that isn’t a school or university, which could be a hospital, laboratory, or just about any type of organization. The affiliation line for a non-academic organization should include the department or division, followed by the name and location of the organization. All elements should be separated by commas.

Here’s how it looks when put to use:

Vidant Health, Greenville, NC, United States

Course number and name (Student only)

Use the course number and course name as they appear on official university materials. Examples:

  • ENG 204: Modern English Literature
  • PSYC 2301: Research Methodology

Instructor name (Student papers only)

It’s important that you display your instructor’s name in their preferred way. With academics who have multiple degrees and positions, this isn’t something that you should guess at.

It is generally safe to use the course syllabus to see how they prefer to be listed. For example, some use the word “Professor” as their prefix, and many will have PhD, RN, or other type of professional designation.

Due date (Student papers only)

The due date should be presented in the day, month, and year format that is standard to your country.

The page number goes at the top right-hand side of the paper. This is one of the only elements that appears on every single page.

You can add running page numbers to your paper by double-clicking the header portion of the document or clicking the “Insert” tab. It will automatically insert page numbers into the rest of the document.

Author note (Professional papers only)

The author note is usually only required for professional papers. This is where additional data, disclaimers, conflicts of interest, and statements about funding are placed. In some cases, the author statement can be several pages long.

The author note is generally split into four paragraphs, including:

  • ORCID iD (a scientific/academic author ID)
  • Changes of Affiliation
  • Disclosures and Acknowledgments
  • Contact Information

Section 2.7 of the Publication Manual has even more information on how to structure these elements for a professional paper.

Running Head (Professional papers only)

While some student papers might require a running head, this is something that is typically only for papers being submitted for publication. This is an abbreviated version of your title that appears at the top of every page to help readers identify it. The running title is particularly useful especially in print versions of journals and publications.

The running head does not have to use the same words as they appear in your title. Instead, try to re-work your paper’s main idea into a shortened form.

For example, if your paper’s title is:

“A Mystery of Style: Exploring the Formatting Mechanics of the Running Head According  to APA Style 7th Edition”

Then your abbreviated title can be something like:

“RUNNING HEAD IN APA 7”

“FORMATTING THE RUNNING HEAD”

The idea is to convey only the most important aspects of your title. The running head should be entered in the page header, flush left against the margin, and presented in all-capital letters.

The APA suggests a maximum length of 50 characters (including spaces and punctuation) for a running head. If your title is already 50 characters and under, then you can use the whole thing as the running head.

Next, let’s have a look at an example of what a real APA title page looks like when it’s all put together.

Student title page formatting example

APA style student title page example

Professional title page formatting example

APA-format-professional-title-page

All papers written according to APA Style should have a properly formatted title page. Making sure that the title page elements are accurate and informative will help people access your work. It is also the first opportunity that you have as the author to establish credibility and engage the reader.

For more information on the basic elements of an APA paper, check out Chapter 2 of the Publication Manual or our guide on APA format .

Published October 28, 2020.

APA Formatting Guide

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Citation Examples

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  • View all APA Examples

An APA title page provides the details of the paper, such as the title of the paper, author name, and author affiliation. APA title pages have two formats—one for professional papers and one for student papers.

The elements to be added on the title page of a professional paper (in order of appearance) are:

  • Page number and running head: These elements appear in the header section. The page number appears at the top-right corner, whereas the running head appears at the top-left corner. If the title is too long, the running head is shortened to less than 50 characters.
  • Title of the paper: It provides information about the paper. It is aligned center and set in bold.
  • Names of the authors: It gives the names of the contributors to the paper and is aligned center.
  • Affiliations of the authors: It gives the department and university details of the authors.
  • Author note: It gives extra information about the authors.

In a student paper, the following details are included on the title page:

  • Page number: This appears in the top-right corner of the header section.
  • Title of the paper: It gives the reader an idea of the information in the paper. It appears in title case and bold. It is center-aligned.
  • Names of the authors: The names of the contributors are added here. This field is also called the by-line.
  • Affiliations of the authors: It includes the names of the authors’ departments and universities.
  • Name of the course: The name of the course for which the paper is written is included in this field.
  • Name of the instructor: Unlike the professional paper, the instructor’s name is included in a student paper.
  • Due date of the assignment: The due date of the assignment is added here. The format is “Month Day, Year” (e.g., August 22, 2017).

The title page information for APA is different for a professional paper and a student paper. As a student, you need to include the following details in the same order on the title page of your student paper.

  • Page number: This appears in the header section. Set the page number in the top-right corner of the header.
  • Title of the paper: Set it in title case and bold. Align it to the center.
  • Names of the authors: Provide the names of the contributors. This field is also called the by-line.
  • Affiliations of the authors: Include your department and university name.
  • Name of the course: Provide the name of the course and course number for which the paper is written.
  • Name of the instructor: Add the instructor’s name. There is no rigid rule on how to set the instructor’s name. You can set it according to the instructor’s preference.
  • Due date of the assignment: Add the due date of the assignment. The format should be “Month Day, Year” (e.g., August 23, 2021).

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Basic Format

The title page of the document is the first page in your paper, and it needs to contain the following items, in order:

  • Title of the Paper
  • Author’s Name (that’s you!)
  • Institutional Affiliation (i.e., American National University or National College)

The title page should also include a page header and page numbers .

  • The page header on your title page should read, "Running Head: TITLE OF YOUR PAPER"
  • The running head should be in the upper left-hand corner of the paper, and the page numbers should be in the upper right-hand corner.

Basic Format:

  • Title, author's name, and institutional affiliation should be centered in the top half of the page .
  • Text should be double spaced .
  • Title: no more than 12 words long.
  • Author: Include your first name, middle initial, and last name.
  • For students at ANU campuses located in Tennessee, the institutional affiliation will read “National College.”
  • For all other ANU students, the institutional affiliation will read “American National University.”
  • How to Format Your Header A brief guide to formatting your page headers in Microsoft Word according to the APA style requirements.
  • Sample APA Title Page

Sample Title Page

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How to Write a Title Page in APA Format for a Psychology Research Paper

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

title page of the article

 James Lacy, MLS, is a fact-checker and researcher.

title page of the article

  • Important Elements
  • Choosing a Title
  • Author’s Byline
  • Formatting Guidelines
  • Professional Papers
  • Title Page Checklist

The title page is the first page of a psychology paper. APA format is used when writing lab reports and other types of psychology papers. Therefore, it's important to have a title page in proper APA format when submitting these writings.

Here we discuss how to write a title page for a psychology research paper. We also share the different guidelines based on whether the title page is for a student paper or if the paper is being prepared by a psychology professional.

Important Psychology Title Page Elements

A psychology paper's title page should contain certain key elements. Important elements to include are:

  • Article title
  • Author’s name
  • Author's school or institutional affiliation
  • Running head (not required for student papers)
  • Course name
  • Instructor's name
  • Page number

Choosing a Psychology Paper Title

One of the most difficult tasks when writing a psychology paper is choosing a good title. Here are a few tips to help.

Be Specific

The paper's title should be as specific as possible. Work to craft a title that can stand alone and be fully explanatory without further elaboration. A reader browsing through paper titles in an online database should be able to quickly read the title and know exactly what the paper is about.

Page Title Examples

  • An example of a good, specific title : Second-Order Beliefs and the Use of Self-Presentational Explanations for Behavior
  • An example of a title that is too general : Cognitive Abilities and Social Understanding

Use Proper Structure

The best way to structure the title of a psychology paper is to look at the hypothesis and experimental variables . For example, it might be titled "The Effects of [Independent Variable] on [Dependent Variable]."

The official APA publication manual notes that a title should be brief, yet communicate the main topic and variables of interest. Avoid words that serve no real purpose or that do not communicate essential information. Some examples of such words and phrases include “An Experiment on…,” “A Study of…”, “method,” or “results.”

While there is no maximum length for titles, the APA recommends keeping the title concise while still including key terms.

How to Write a Title Page Byline

The next element of a psychology research paper title page is the byline, which lists the author’s name and institutional affiliation. Here's what to include for each.

Author's Name

The recommended format is first name, middle initial(s), and last name. Do not include titles or degrees, such as Dr. or PhD.

Students should include the name of the department followed by the name of their school. This should be centered on the page and appear after the author's name.

School Affiliation

The institutional affiliation is the location where the research was conducted, most often a college or university. In some cases, research may have been supported by more than one institution. In these instances, only include two affiliations if both schools offered substantial support to the research, and only list two affiliations for every author.

What should a person do if they are not affiliated with an academic institution where the research was conducted? In this instance, the APA suggests listing the author's city and state of residence in place of the academic affiliation.

Name and Affiliation Example

June Callaway

Department of Psychology, University of Ohio

PSYCH 101: Introduction to General Psychology

Dr. Ashana Lee

September 7, 2023

*Note: This information should be centered on the title page, not aligned to the left as it appears here.

Title Page Formatting Guidelines

There are additional formatting concerns to observe when drafting an APA format title page for a psychology paper:

  • A running head should be included in the upper left-hand corner on all pages, including the title page. This is not required if it's a student paper.
  • The running head should be no more than 50 characters , including letters, spacing between words, and punctuation.
  • The running head should be in all uppercase letters and only include the title; it should not include the label "running head."
  • All pages, including the title page, should also have a page number in the upper right-hand corner.
  • The author's title, name, and institution should be double-spaced and centered on the page. Student papers should also include the assignment due date directly below the institution's information.

Formatting Professional Psychology Papers

The APA's guidelines are slightly different for papers intended for publication in professional psychology journals . In addition to the basic elements included in a title page, a professional paper should also include:

  • A running head : The running head is a shortened version of the paper's title. It should appear on every page of the paper, along with the page number.
  • Author affiliation : In the second paragraph, list any changes in author affiliation. For example, if one of the authors is now affiliated with a different university from where the research was conducted, the author's note might state that "Dr. [Last Name] is now at the Department of Psychology, University of Georgia."
  • An author's note : This note includes the author's name, the symbol for the ORCID iD, and the URL for the ORCID iD. An ORCID iD is an alphanumeric code used to identify scientific and academic authors. If an author does not have an ORCID iD, their name should be omitted.  
  • Disclosures and acknowledgments : In the third paragraph, list any acknowledgments and disclosures, including possible conflicts of interest and sources of financial support.
  • Contact information : In the fourth paragraph of the author's note, include the author's contact information.

Author's Note, Disclosure, and Contact Info

For an author's note, include the author's name followed by a link to their ORCID iD. The disclosure might be a simple sentence stating that there are no known conflicts of interest to disclose. Next, state that correspondence concerning the article should be addressed to the individual listed, then provide the mailing address and email contact for that individual.

Psychology Paper Title Page Checklist

Before turning in a psychology paper, it's helpful to use these questions as a checklist to ensure that the title page is correct:

  • Does the title page contain a title, the author's name and institutional affiliation, a running head (not required on a student paper), and a page number?
  • Is the title clear and specific, and does it accurately describe what the research paper is about?
  • Is the running head in uppercase format and no longer than 50 characters in length?
  • Is the title, author's name, and institutional affiliation centered on the page and double-spaced?

If all of these questions can be answered with a 'yes,' then the title page is properly formatted using APA format.

American Psychological Association. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition (2020) .

American Psychological Association. Title page setup . APA Style.

American Psychological Association. Page header . APA Style.

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Design Center

Writing a manuscript: title page.

First and foremost, check the journal’s instructions! Most journals ask for the same basic information on your manuscript’s title page, but check each journal’s specific instructions.

The Abstract should start on the next page. Insert a page break after the last entry on the title page.

  • Keep it short and simple
  • Use key terms and active voice
  • Avoid abbreviations
  • Check to see if there is a character limit or word count
  • Make sure authors agree on order, corresponding author
  • Use full professional names — not initials only, and no nicknames
  • Check instructions for listing degrees or titles
  • Use superscript letters or numbers to denote departments/institutions (but again, check instructions; some journals may ask you to use symbols or letters)
  • Keep affiliations as simple as possible: list common institution, then departments/divisions (see sample)
  • Affiliations are where each author was when the work was done
  • e.g., Iowa City VA Health Care System, not VAMC or Veterans Hospital
  • Try to use University of Iowa instead of Carver College of Medicine or UIHC; UI encompasses all of UI Health Care
  • Denote as instructed or simply list “Please direct all correspondence to:”
  • Denote “current address” if corresponding author is no longer at institution where the work was done
  • List phone, fax, email as required by those pesky instructions
  • Word, figure, table counts
  • Disclosures, conflicts of interest
  • Funding sources
  • Abbreviations
  • Running head/title
  • This work previously presented at a conference

Angiotensin II-induced Hypertension and Cardiac Hypertrophy are Differentially Mediated by TLR3- and TLR4-dependent Pathways

Madhu V. Singh 1 , Michael Z. Cicha 1 , Sarah Nunez 1 , David K. Meyerholz 2 , Mark W. Chapleau 1,3,4 , Francois M. Abboud 1,3

University of Iowa 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, 2 Department of Pathology, 3 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and 4 Iowa City VA Health Care System

Please address all correspondence to:

            Madhu V. Singh, PhD             University of Iowa             Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology             200 Hawkins Dr., 610 MRC             Iowa City, IA 52242             phone: 319-335-7706             [email protected]

title page of the article

Formatting Titles

by Purdue Global Academic Success Center and Writing Center · Published October 2, 2020 · Updated November 5, 2020

title page of the article

Let’s face it: For whatever reason, formatting titles can be confusing, especially if you think about all the titles that need proper formatting–the title placed on the title page of a paper, the title of a journal article mentioned in the body of a paper, the title of a newspaper or a website on the list of references. There are titles of books and titles of chapters in those books; titles of blogs and titles of blog entries. Some titles are italicized and some are put in quotation marks. Titles on the list of references require formatting–some titles use title case, some sentence case; some titles are italicized and some are not. And then there are those situations where titles are used in in-text citations–some titles are truncated and italicized; some are put in quotation marks–you get the idea. 

First off, I am not going to address how to format titles when citing in the paper or listing on the list of references—those are formatting guidelines for another time. I am going to focus on titles on the title page, the first page of the paper, and within a paper. Here is what you need to keep straight:

Titles require special capitalization called title case. Title case requires one to

  • capitalize the first letter of the first and last words of a title;
  • capitalize the first letter of all verbs;
  • capitalize all words of four or more letters;
  • capitalize the first letter of all other words except a, an, the, short conjunctions such as “for, and, but,” and prepositions of fewer than four letters (words like “up, in, off”);
  • capitalize the first letter of a word following a colon or dash;
  • capitalize the first letter of a subtitle. 

When a title appears on the title page of an APA Style 7th edition student paper, that title should be centered, bolded, and in title case—no need to use all caps, no need to italicize or underline, and no need to use quotation marks or place a period at the end. 

Simply type out the title using title case and bold it–that’s it.

On the first page of the essay, center and repeat the title, bold it, and use title case. Again, do not use any special formatting. Do not use a bigger font size or style. Do not underline or italicize and so forth. Just use title case, bold, and center the title on the first page of the essay.

Easy enough, right?

Titles that appear within an essay require special formatting in addition to title case. If the title is for an article—content that is part of a greater whole—then the title should have quotation marks around it. If the title is for a book, journal, newspaper, or some other whole work, then the title is italicized.

Let’s say you have an article titled “The New Coffee Culture” that appears in the journal Studies in Popular Culture . Let’s also say that for whatever reason, you name both titles in the body of your paper. The article “The New Coffee Culture” appears in the journal Studies in Popular Culture , so the article is content that appears in a greater whole, right? 

Both titles would be in title case. The article “The New Coffee Culture” would have quotation marks around it, and the title of the journal, Studies in Popular Culture , would be italicized. 

I hope this blogcast clarifies exactly what you need to do when formatting titles in typical usage situations in APA style. 

Until next week–

Kurtis Clements

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APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Journal Articles

  • Introduction
  • Journal Articles
  • Magazine/Newspaper Articles
  • Books & Ebooks
  • Government & Legal Documents
  • Biblical Sources
  • Secondary Sources
  • Films/Videos/TV Shows
  • How to Cite: Other
  • Additional Help

Table of Contents

Journal article from library database with doi - one author, journal article from library database with doi - multiple authors, journal article from a website - one author.

Journal Article- No DOI

Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.

  • APA 7th. ed. Journal Article Reference Checklist

If an item has no author, start the citation with the article title.

When an article has one to twenty authors, all authors' names are cited in the References List entry. When an article has twenty-one or more authors list the first nineteen authors followed by three spaced ellipse points (. . .) , and then the last author's name. Rules are different for in-text citations; please see the examples provided.

Cite author names in the order in which they appear on the source, not in alphabetical order (the first author is usually the person who contributed the most work to the publication).

Italicize titles of journals, magazines and newspapers. Do not italicize or use quotation marks for the titles of articles.

Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the article title. If there is a colon in the article title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.

If an item has no date, use the short form n.d. where you would normally put the date.

Volume and Issue Numbers

Italicize volume numbers but not issue numbers.

Retrieval Dates

Most articles will not need these in the citation. Only use them for online articles from places where content may change often, like a free website or a wiki.

Page Numbers

If an article doesn't appear on continuous pages, list all the page numbers the article is on, separated by commas. For example (4, 6, 12-14)

Library Database

Do not include the name of a database for works obtained from most academic research databases (e.g. APA PsycInfo, CINAHL) because works in these resources are widely available. Exceptions are Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ERIC, ProQuest Dissertations, and UpToDate.

Include the DOI (formatted as a URL: https://doi.org/...) if it is available. If you do not have a DOI, include a URL if the full text of the article is available online (not as part of a library database). If the full text is from a library database, do not include a DOI, URL, or database name.

In the Body of a Paper

Books, Journals, Reports, Webpages, etc.: When you refer to titles of a “stand-alone work,” as the APA calls them on their APA Style website, such as books, journals, reports, and webpages, you should italicize them. Capitalize words as you would for an article title in a reference, e.g., In the book Crying in H Mart: A memoir , author Michelle Zauner (2021) describes her biracial origin and its impact on her identity.

Article or Chapter: When you refer to the title of a part of a work, such as an article or a chapter, put quotation marks around the title and capitalize it as you would for a journal title in a reference, e.g., In the chapter “Where’s the Wine,” Zauner (2021) describes how she decided to become a musician.

The APA Sample Paper below has more information about formatting your paper.

  • APA 7th ed. Sample Paper

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number), first page number-last page number. https://doi.org/doi number

Smith, K. F. (2022). The public and private dialogue about the American family on television: A second look. Journal of Media Communication, 50 (4), 79-110. https://doi.org/10.1152/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02864.x

Note: The DOI number is formatted as a URL: https://doi.org/10.1152/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02864.xIf. 

In-Text Paraphrase:

(Author's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Smith, 2000)

In-Text Quote:

(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number)

Example: (Smith, 2000, p. 80)

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number), first page number-last page number. https://doi.org/doi number

Note: Separate the authors' names by putting a comma between them. For the final author listed add an ampersand (&) after the comma and before the final author's last name.

Note: In the reference list invert all authors' names; give last names and initials for only up to and including 20 authors. When a source has 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors’ names, then three ellipses (…), and add the last author’s name. Don't include an ampersand (&) between the ellipsis and final author.

Note : For works with three or more authors, the first in-text citation is shortened to include the first author's surname followed by "et al."

Reference List Examples

Two to 20 Authors

Case, T. A., Daristotle, Y. A., Hayek, S. L., Smith, R. R., & Raash, L. I. (2011). College students' social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 3 (2), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010

21 or more authors

Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetma, A., . . . Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , 77 (3), 437-471. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2

In-Text Citations

Two Authors/Editors

(Case & Daristotle, 2011)

Direct Quote: (Case & Daristotle, 2011, p. 57)

Three or more Authors/Editors

(Case et al., 2011)

Direct Quote: (Case et al., 2011, p. 57)

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any.  Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number if given). URL

Flachs, A. (2010). Food for thought: The social impact of community gardens in the Greater Cleveland Area.  Electronic Green Journal, 1 (30). http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bh7j4z4

Example: (Flachs, 2010)

Example: (Flachs, 2010, Conclusion section, para. 3)

Note: In this example there were no visible page numbers or paragraph numbers, in this case you can cite the section heading and the number of the paragraph in that section to identify where your quote came from. If there are no page or paragraph numbers and no marked section, leave this information out.

Journal Article - No DOI

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any.  Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number), first page number-last page number. URL [if article is available online, not as part of a library database]

Full-Text Available Online (Not as Part of a Library Database):

Steinberg, M. P., & Lacoe, J. (2017). What do we know about school discipline reform? Assessing the alternatives to suspensions and expulsions.  Education Next, 17 (1), 44–52.  https://www.educationnext.org/what-do-we-know-about-school-discipline-reform-suspensions-expulsions/

Example: (Steinberg & Lacoe, 2017)

(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page number)

Example: (Steinberg & Lacoe, 2017, p. 47)

Full-Text Available in Library Database:

Jungers, W. L. (2010). Biomechanics: Barefoot running strikes back.  Nature, 463 (2), 433-434.

Example: (Jungers, 2010)

Example: (Jungers, 2010, p. 433)

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Title Page – Definition, Formats & Examples

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Inhaltsverzeichnis

  • 1 Definition: Title Page
  • 3  Formats & Examples
  • 4 Tips for a Good Title Page
  • 5 In a Nutshell

Definition: Title Page

In its simplest form, a title page is something that gets put at the very start of an academic essay or paper. It is designed to be an indicator of the basic points of your project. The main components of any title page include your own name, the title of your essay and the name of the school, college or university in which you have written and are submitting the paper.

In the world of advanced academia, there are plenty of assignment requirements that a student needs to adhere to in order to get the best marks possible. It might not seem like it, but one of the most important of these smaller requirements is mastering the art of the title page.

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What is a Title Page?

Put simply, a title page is placed at the very front of an academic dissertation or thesis. Generally, a title page will contain all of the important information about your writing including the name of the project, the name of the author and the name of the institution that you are  writing the paper with. There are different ways of formatting the title page depending on the institution.

Do you need a Title Page?

In many cases at college and university level, you are going to be required to use a title page for all your extensive academic writing assignments. Tutors, professors and other staff members that evaluate your projects usually like to see a clear indication of the purpose and topic at the very beginning of your paper. It’s important that the thesis title displayed on the title page, represents your thesis statement and the contents of your paper.

What is the difference between a Title Page and a Cover Page?

A title page is the page that comes right at the very beginning of your paper, a page that only has the bare essentials like title, author’s name and institution name on it. A cover page , however, is something that often comes after the title page. It is an opportunity for the essay writer to pen a brief description of what the project is actually about and what it intends to explore.

Which page comes first?

A title page should always come before a cover page . This can easily be remembered with the solid rule that a title page should be the very first thing that is seen when you put together your essay pages. Be sure to check with your institution which formatting you’re required to use, as this will determine the margins and text size.

Is it easy to create a Title Page?

As long as you follow the guidelines that are attached to the style of essay or thesis format that your school or institution dictates, you shouldn’t have any trouble. Once you know the rules, creating a title page is the simplest part of your entire paper writing process.

 Formats & Examples

Something to keep in mind when getting started on a title page is that there is more than one kind. There are three main formats in circulation when it comes to title pages, and the one that you are required to use is dictated by the specific essay writing format that your chosen institution prefers. Here is some information about title page requirements of the three main writing formats in modern academia.

APA Title Page

An APA Title Page should include:

– A running head.

– The first page number.

– The title of the paper, which should not exceed more than twelve words in length or contain any abbreviations.

– Your name as the author.

– The name of your academic institution.

thesis-statement-thesis-printing-binding-250x250

MLA Title Page

A MLA Title Page should include:

– The title of your paper.

– Your name.

– Name of the class or course that the paper is for.

– Name of your professor.

– Date of your paper submission.

thesis-statement-thesis-printing-binding-250x250

Latex Title Page

A Latex format title page should include:

– Any subtitle that you might also use.

– A line to explain which thesis or doctorate this paper is being submitted for.

– The graphic logo of your academic institution.

– Followed by department name, university name, country and date.

thesis-statement-thesis-printing-binding-250x250

Tips for a Good Title Page

A few extra tips for creating the best title page possible include:

  • Don’t be too wordy on your title page. Keep your front page information to a bare minimum with only the essentials being listed.
  • Make sure to double check with your professors and with the guidelines of your specific format that you are abiding by the line spacing rules. Some formats like double spaced, some formats like 1.5 spaced. It is important to make sure that you get all of these small details correct along with the appropriate wording.
  • Don’t be tempted to capitalise words that don’t need to be capitalised. There is a tendency to put a capital letter in all words of a title page, but this isn’t necessary and is seen as bad grammar by the marker.
  • Don’t treat the title page as simply an afterthought. Make the effort to print it on the same kind of paper, use the same font as the rest of your essay and use the same sized lettering as you have used in throughout your project.

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In a Nutshell

Ultimately, you will be able to produce a perfect title page if you just follow these simple, nutshell instructions:

  • Pay close attention to which of the three main formats your university is using and make the effort to abide by those rules specifically.
  • Take the time to make sure that every single word on the title page is spelt correctly and placed correctly according to the structure and template.
  • Pay close attention to the order in which you are required to place your lines on the page. It can vary from format to format and whilst it might not seem like a vital component compared to the content of your essay, it can lose your marks in the final grading.

As long as you stick to the strict guidelines and treat your title page in the same meticulous way that you would treat a bibliography or contents page, you should have no trouble at all with meeting the standard.

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Enago Academy

Writing the Title Page (Part 2)

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In our last post , we discussed the elements that are always included in the title page regardless of the journal chosen for publication (i.e., Article title, Author names, Author affiliations, Corresponding author information). In this post, we discuss in detail the elements whose inclusion is subject to the journal guidelines.

The journal guidelines specify the information that needs to be included in the header. Usually, it is just the running title of the article, or running title along with the first author name.

Running title

Running titles are short phrases or shorter versions of the main title that appear at the top or bottom of every page in a journal article.

Main title: “Improvement of deficient natural killer activity and delayed bactericidal activity by a thiol proteinase inhibitor, human cystatin C, in leukocytes from patients with Griscelli’s syndrome”

Running Head: Effect of cystatin C on NK and bactericidal activity

Running Title with First Author Name

Usually, the running title appears as a header along with the first author’s name and the page number.

These notes are either provided on the Title Page or after the Acknowledgements section depending upon the journal guidelines.

Grant Support

Any grants received by any of the authors for the study are acknowledged in the “Grant Support” section.

Include all organizational support in the grant support note, including fellowships, chairs, and grants.

Any nonauthor individual contributions should not be included in this section. It can be listed in Acknowledgments .

Journals generally ask the authors to designate which author received which support by inserting parenthetical sets of initials.

For example

“ Supported by grants from the ABC Foundation (grant no.) and the National Institutes of ABC (grants CA41456 and CA72009) (A.B.). ”

Conflict of Interest

Declaration of all commercial interests should be listed in this section.

Journals usually specify the authors to include a statement such as

“This study involves no conflicts of interest”

Or in case of absence of any potential financial disclosures,

“The authors declare no conflicts of interest”

The definition of an author varies with the field, culture, and even research group. Therefore, the rules to be used for determining authorship, including the order of authors, should be clearly agreed upon at the outset of a research project.

Authorship usually denotes an “intellectual contribution” to the work and that an author should be able to explain and defend the work.

Listing someone who has not made an intellectual contribution (e.g., the head of the department or someone who provided the funds, “honorary authorship”) as an author would be considered unethical (such persons can be acknowledged in the acknowledgement section).

Independent of the method used to determine authorship, it is essential that all authors have given their consent to be designated as such and have approved the final version of the manuscript.

A statement declaring the same is usually provided by the authors in this section.

An authorship statement would include: designed research, performed research, contributed vital new reagents or analytical tools, analyzed data, and wrote the paper.

“ A.B. and C.D. participated in designing and performing the research; E.F. centralized the pathological review; D.E., G.H., and E.C. controlled and analyzed data; D.G. and G.F. wrote the paper; and all authors checked the final version of the manuscript. ”

Statement of Author Death

In case of death of any of the contributing authors, a statement should be included on the title page.

The note should use the author’s full name as listed and should give the date of death.

Joel A. John died on December 13, 1990.

If necessary, indication of the extent of that author’s contribution may be included.

Joel A. John died on September 15, 1998, during the preparation of this manuscript.

Most readers research for an article through keyword search; hence, finding the right keywords is essential to enable the readers to find this paper when searching a relevant database.

The key to finding appropriate keywords is to avoid using generic terms or long phrases as keywords. Consider using two or three terms to best describe the essential subject(s) of your article.

For an article titled “Effect of light spectrum on antioxidant activity of fern ( Onoclea sensibilis ),” Keywords can be “light spectrum” “antioxidant activity” “ Onoclea sensibilis ”

Instructions to Authors regarding keywords vary for different journals and the selected journal should be consulted before selecting keywords.

Nowadays, journals either provide a list of keywords for authors to select appropriate keywords suitable for their article or recommend using Online web applications for searching appropriate keywords (e.g., MeSH Browser, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html ).

List of Abbreviations

Journals usually prefer the nonstandard abbreviations used to be either defined at the first mention or to be listed on the title page as a footnote.

Ideally, it is recommended that nonstandard abbreviations be used sparingly to avoid making the list unnecessarily lengthy.

The abbreviations used for metric units need not be included in this section.

Miscellaneous Information

Other miscellaneous elements that are usually included on the title page are as follows:

  • The type of article

e.g., Original article, Review, Case report, etc.

  • Word count specified for the article type

       e.g., Word count of Abstract, Text, Total number of pages, tables, figures, etc.

We hope these tips and pointers help you frame a better title page!

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This article helped me to create the title page when preparing to submit my journal article.

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Hi Fru Akuma,

Thank you for sharing your feedback. We are glad to have been helpful to you while drafting your journal article. You can also check through our resources on the other aspects of academic writing under the following link: https://www.enago.com/academy/category/academic-writing/ .

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In-Text Citations: The Basics

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Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

Note:  This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style  can be found here .

Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. What follows are some general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay.

Note:  On pages 117-118, the Publication Manual suggests that authors of research papers should use the past tense or present perfect tense for signal phrases that occur in the literature review and procedure descriptions (for example, Jones (1998)  found  or Jones (1998)  has found ...). Contexts other than traditionally-structured research writing may permit the simple present tense (for example, Jones (1998)  finds ).

APA Citation Basics

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

If you are referring to an idea from another work but  NOT  directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication and not the page number in your in-text reference.

On the other hand, if you are directly quoting or borrowing from another work, you should include the page number at the end of the parenthetical citation. Use the abbreviation “p.” (for one page) or “pp.” (for multiple pages) before listing the page number(s). Use an en dash for page ranges. For example, you might write (Jones, 1998, p. 199) or (Jones, 1998, pp. 199–201). This information is reiterated below.

Regardless of how they are referenced, all sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

In-text citation capitalization, quotes, and italics/underlining

  • Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names and initials: D. Jones.
  • If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source:  Permanence and Change . Exceptions apply to short words that are verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs:  Writing New Media ,  There Is Nothing Left to Lose .

( Note:  in your References list, only the first word of a title will be capitalized:  Writing new media .)

  • When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word:  Natural-Born Cyborgs .
  • Capitalize the first word after a dash or colon: "Defining Film Rhetoric: The Case of Hitchcock's  Vertigo ."
  • If the title of the work is italicized in your reference list, italicize it and use title case capitalization in the text:  The Closing of the American Mind ;  The Wizard of Oz ;  Friends .
  • If the title of the work is not italicized in your reference list, use double quotation marks and title case capitalization (even though the reference list uses sentence case): "Multimedia Narration: Constructing Possible Worlds;" "The One Where Chandler Can't Cry."

Short quotations

If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and page number for the reference (preceded by "p." for a single page and “pp.” for a span of multiple pages, with the page numbers separated by an en dash).

You can introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses.

If you do not include the author’s name in the text of the sentence, place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation.

Long quotations

Place direct quotations that are 40 words or longer in a free-standing block of typewritten lines and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout, but do not add an extra blank line before or after it. The parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark.

Because block quotation formatting is difficult for us to replicate in the OWL's content management system, we have simply provided a screenshot of a generic example below.

This image shows how to format a long quotation in an APA seventh edition paper.

Formatting example for block quotations in APA 7 style.

Quotations from sources without pages

Direct quotations from sources that do not contain pages should not reference a page number. Instead, you may reference another logical identifying element: a paragraph, a chapter number, a section number, a table number, or something else. Older works (like religious texts) can also incorporate special location identifiers like verse numbers. In short: pick a substitute for page numbers that makes sense for your source.

Summary or paraphrase

If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers. APA guidelines, however, do encourage including a page range for a summary or paraphrase when it will help the reader find the information in a longer work. 

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Format or customize a table of contents

After you have created a table of contents in Word, you can customize the way it appears. Customizing your table of contents applies your preferences to your existing table. If you like what you see, select OK . If you're not happy with the look, just select Cancel and all the changes will be forgotten. Your table of contents will still be there. 

To customize your existing table of contents:

Go to References > Table of Contents .

Select Custom table of contents .

Use the settings to show, hide, and align page numbers, add or change the tab leader, set formats, and specify how many levels of headings to show. For more info, see Custom table of contents .

Format the text in your table of contents

Go to References > Table of Contents > Custom Table of Contents .

Select Modify . If Modify is grayed out, change Formats to From template .

Use the Table of Contents dialog box to customize the appearance of your table of contents.

In the Styles list, click the level that you want to change and then click Modify .

The Modify Style dialog lets you update how the text in your table of contents will look.

In the Modify Style pane make your changes.

Select OK to save changes. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for all the levels that you want to display in your table of contents.

Use the settings to show, hide, and align page numbers, add or change the tab leader, set formats, and specify how many levels of headings to show.

In the Modify Style pane, make your changes.

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‘Last Week Tonight’: John Oliver Returns To HBO & Offers To Pay Clarence Thomas $1M A Year To “Get The F*** Off The Supreme Court”

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John Oliver makes Clarence Thomas a million dollar offer on HBO's 'Last Week Tonight'

John Oliver started a new season of Last Week Tonight on HBO with a million-dollar offer to Clarence Thomas.

On the Season 11 premiere of the late-night talk show, Oliver discussed the U.S. Supreme Court, saying that it’s reached “a breaking point,” citing several ways it could be fixed like “enforceable ethics codes, to term limits, to potentially expanding the court.”

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He continued, “Clarance Thomas is arguably the most consequential Justice on the court right now and he’s never really seemed to like the job. He said, ‘It’s not worth doing for the grief.’ So what if he can keep the luxury perks he clearly enjoys without having to endure all of that grief.”

Oliver proceeded to make Thomas “a special offer,” which included “one million dollars a year for the rest of your life if you simply agree to leave the Supreme Court immediately and never come back.”

The comedian pulled out a contract and assured viewers that he was not joking about the offer to Thomas.

“If you watch our show, you know jokes aren’t really our thing,” Oliver added. “This is real. A million dollars a year until you or I die.”

Oliver noted that he has talked to legal experts who assured him that he wasn’t breaking any laws and said “HBO is not putting up the money for this. I am personally on the hook. You can make me really regret this. I could be doing standup tours to pay for your retirement for years.”

“This offer is not forever,” Oliver continued. “You have exactly 30 days from midnight tonight to make your resignation effective.”

To sway Thomas to sign the contract, Oliver also offered him a brand new top-of-the-line motorcoach worth $2.4 million, which includes a full bedroom with a king-size bed, one and a half baths, a fireplace, four TVs, a washer/dryer, and a residential-size fridge.

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Hunter and Siniakova win Dubai to capture first doubles title of the year

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DUBAI -- No.4 seeds Storm Hunter and Katerina Siniakova won their first title of the 2024 season at the Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships, defeating No.3 seeds Nicole Melichar-Martinez and Ellen Perez 6-4, 6-2 in the final on Saturday. The victory is Hunter's eighth career doubles title and Siniakova's 23rd.

Hunter and Siniakova won their first title together in a one-off pairing at 2022 Berlin, but the two former No.1s have teamed up for the 2024 season to form a formidable pair. Siniakova parted ways with long-time partner Barbora Krejcikova in the off-season and Hunter forged a similar path, splitting with Elise Mertens. 

Hunter and Siniakova needed just two tournaments together to capture their first title of the year. The Australian-Czech duo did not lose a set in Dubai, defeating Kato/Sudjiati, Aoyama/Krunic, and No.2 seeds Dabrowski/Routliffe to make Saturday's final. 

"I think we served and returned really well," Hunter said. "We had really tough opponents throughout the tournament who put net pressure on, they came in and were super aggressive at the net. So we had to back ourselves, especially from the back, and when we were at the net to take our chances. If we missed the down the line shots, we didn't get too negative or passive, we went for it and it payed off."

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Sealed with an ace 💥 Storm Hunter | @K_Siniakova | #DDFTennis pic.twitter.com/qNwwdL2Mri — wta (@WTA) February 24, 2024

Little separated Hunter and Siniakova and Melichar-Martinez and Perez through the first set. Neither team generated a break point until the eighth game of the match. Facing down a deciding point at 3-4, Perez misfired on a double fault to give the eventual champions the only break of the set. 

"It was 4-all, sudden-death deuce, and sometimes those little points that change the match," Hunter said. "We played the tight moments really well and made them have to come up with something. We did that really well all week."

With Siniakova patrolling the net and Hunter stepping in on baseline exchanges, the duo rode their momentum through the second set. Melichar-Martinez and Perez were unable to break serve in the match. Hunter and Siniakova broke in the opening game of the set and protected their lead to seal the win after 1 hour and 16 minutes. 

Their first team title of 2024 👯‍♀️ @K_Siniakova & Storm Hunter are your #DDFTennis doubles champions! 🏆 pic.twitter.com/xU9uKntMdu — wta (@WTA) February 24, 2024

"I think we needed to play aggressive and I think we played really well," Siniakova said. "We put great serves, put pressure on them, and because they are really aggressive players we had to be a step ahead."

Siniakova and Hunter dominated the deciding points in the match, converting on three of four in the match. 

Melichar-Martinez and Perez were competing in their second final of the season, having made their first earlier in the month in Linz. The American-Australian duo was bidding to snap a seven-match losing streak in tournament finals.

Siniakova and Hunter will now head to America to compete at next week's Cymbiotika San Diego Open before turning to the back-to-back WTA 1000 tournaments at the BNP Paribas Open and Miami Open. 

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Erika Andreeva, 19, entered the Top 100 on Feb. 19 after qualifying and reaching the second round in Doha. Andreeva, the older sister of 16-year-old Mirra, was also a two-time WTA 125 finalist in 2023, in Rouen and Andorra.

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  • MLA titles: Formatting and capitalization rules

MLA Titles | How to Format & Capitalize Source Titles

Published on April 2, 2019 by Courtney Gahan . Revised on October 24, 2022.

In MLA style , source titles appear either in italics or in quotation marks:

  • Italicize the title of a self-contained whole (e.g. a book, film, journal, or website).
  • Use  quotation marks around the title if it is part of a larger work (e.g. a chapter of a book, an article in a journal, or a page on a website).

All major words in a title are capitalized . The same format is used in the Works Cited list and in the text itself.

When you use the Scribbr MLA Citation Generator, the correct formatting and capitalization are automatically applied to titles.

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Table of contents

Capitalization in mla titles, punctuation in mla titles, titles within titles, exceptions to mla title formatting, sources with no title, abbreviating titles, titles in foreign languages, frequently asked questions about mla titles.

In all titles and subtitles, capitalize the first and last words, as well as any other principal words.

What to capitalize

What not to capitalize, here's why students love scribbr's proofreading services.

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Use the same punctuation as appears in the source title. However, if there is a subtitle, separate it from the main title with a colon and a space, even if different (or no) punctuation is used in the source.

Example of a work with a subtitle

The exception is when the title ends in a question mark, exclamation point or dash, in which case you keep the original punctuation:

Sometimes a title contains another title—for example, the title of an article about a novel might contain that novel’s title.

For titles within titles, in general, maintain the same formatting as you would if the title stood on its own.

Titles and names that fall into the following categories are not italicized or enclosed in quotation marks:

  • Scripture (e.g. the Bible, the Koran, the Gospel)
  • Laws, acts and related documents (e.g. the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution , the Paris Agreement)
  • Musical compositions identified by form, number and key (e.g. Beethoven’s Symphony no. 5 in C minor, op. 67)
  • Conferences, seminars, workshops and courses (e.g. MLA Annual Convention)

Sections of a work

Words that indicate a particular section of a work are not italicized or placed within quotation marks. They are also not capitalized when mentioned in the text.

Examples of such sections include:

  • introduction
  • list of works cited
  • bibliography

Introductions, prefaces, forewords and afterwords

Descriptive terms such as “introduction”, “preface”, “foreword” and “afterword” are capitalized if mentioned in an MLA in-text citation or in the Works Cited list, but not when mentioned in the text itself.

Example of descriptive term capitalization

In-text citation: (Brontë, Preface )

In text: In her preface to the work, added in a later edition, Brontë debates the morality of creating characters such as those featured in Wuthering Heights .

If there is a unique title for the introduction, preface, foreword or afterword, include that title in quotation marks instead of the generic section name when referencing the source in the Works Cited list or an in-text citation.

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For sources with no title, a brief description of the source acts as the title.

Example of a source reference with no title

Follow these rules for capitalization:

  • Capitalize the first word
  • Capitalize proper nouns
  • Ignore other MLA rules for capitalization

There are some exceptions to this general format: descriptions including titles of other works, such as comments on articles or reviews of movies; untitled short messages, like tweets; email messages; and untitled poems.

Exceptions to general format for sources with no title

If you need to mention the name of a work in the text itself, state the full title, but omit the subtitle.

If you need to refer to the work multiple times, you may shorten the title to something familiar or obvious to the reader. For example, Huckleberry Finn for The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . If in doubt, prefer the noun phrase.

If the standalone abbreviation may not be clear, you can introduce it in parentheses, following the standard guidelines for abbreviations. For example, The Merchant of Venice ( MV ) . For Shakespeare and the Bible , there are well-established abbreviations you can use.

When you abbreviate a title, make sure you keep the formatting consistent. Even if the abbreviation consists only of letters, as in the MV example, it must be italicized or placed within quotation marks in the same way as it would be when written in full.

Abbreviating very long titles in the Works Cited list

Titles should normally be given in full in the Works Cited list, but if any of your sources has a particularly long title (often the case with older works), you can use an ellipsis to shorten it here. This is only necessary with extremely long titles such as the example below.

In the Works Cited list, if you are listing a work with a title in a language other than English, you can add the translated title in square brackets.

Example of a reference with a translated title

If you are using the foreign-language title in the text itself, you can also include the translation in parenthesis. For example, O Alquimista ( The Alchemist ) .

You don’t need to include a translation in your reference list or in the text if you expect your readers to be familiar with the original language. For example, you wouldn’t translate the title of a  French novel you were writing about in the context of a French degree.

Non-Latin script languages

For works in a language that does not use the Latin alphabet, such as Arabic, Chinese, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, or Russian, be consistent with how you mention the source titles and also quotations from within them.

For example, if you choose to write a Russian title in the Cyrillic form, do that throughout the document. If you choose to use the Romanized form, stick with that. Do not alternate between the two.

Yes. MLA style uses title case, which means that all principal words (nouns, pronouns , verbs, adjectives , adverbs , and some conjunctions ) are capitalized.

This applies to titles of sources as well as the title of, and subheadings in, your paper. Use MLA capitalization style even when the original source title uses different capitalization .

In MLA style , book titles appear in italics, with all major words capitalized. If there is a subtitle, separate it from the main title with a colon and a space (even if no colon appears in the source). For example:

The format is the same in the Works Cited list and in the text itself. However, when you mention the book title in the text, you don’t have to include the subtitle.

The title of a part of a book—such as a chapter, or a short story or poem in a collection—is not italicized, but instead placed in quotation marks.

When a book’s chapters are written by different authors, you should cite the specific chapter you are referring to.

When all the chapters are written by the same author (or group of authors), you should usually cite the entire book, but some styles include exceptions to this.

  • In APA Style , single-author books should always be cited as a whole, even if you only quote or paraphrase from one chapter.
  • In MLA Style , if a single-author book is a collection of stand-alone works (e.g. short stories ), you should cite the individual work.
  • In Chicago Style , you may choose to cite a single chapter of a single-author book if you feel it is more appropriate than citing the whole book.

The title of an article is not italicized in MLA style , but placed in quotation marks. This applies to articles from journals , newspapers , websites , or any other publication. Use italics for the title of the source where the article was published. For example:

Use the same formatting in the Works Cited entry and when referring to the article in the text itself.

The MLA Handbook is currently in its 9th edition , published in 2021.

This quick guide to MLA style  explains the latest guidelines for citing sources and formatting papers according to MLA.

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Gahan, C. (2022, October 24). MLA Titles | How to Format & Capitalize Source Titles. Scribbr. Retrieved February 22, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/mla/titles/

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COMMENTS

  1. Title page setup

    Title Page Setup A title page is required for all APA Style papers. There are both student and professional versions of the title page. Students should use the student version of the title page unless their instructor or institution has requested they use the professional version.

  2. APA Title Page (7th edition)

    Published on November 6, 2020 by Raimo Streefkerk . Revised on January 17, 2024. This article reflects the APA 7th edition guidelines. Click here for APA 6th edition guidelines. APA provides different guidelines for student and professional papers.

  3. How to Create a Title Page in APA Format, With Examples

    An APA format title page is the first page of a paper that includes essential information like the title, name (s) of the paper's author (s), and the affiliation of each author—typically their school or institution.

  4. APA Title Page (Cover Page) Format, Example, & Templates

    Formatting Rules. In APA Style (7th edition), the cover page, or title page, should include: A running head (professional papers only) and page number. The title of the paper. The name of the author (s) The institutional affiliation. An author note; optional (professional papers only) A student paper should also include course information.

  5. Formatting an APA title page

    Due date Page number Your professor or institution might have their own formatting requirements. When writing a paper for a class, the first rule is to always pay attention to the instructions. Professional title page APA A professional title page skips the class info and due date, but it includes: Title of your paper

  6. Writing the Title Page (Part 1)

    The title page is the first page of your article, and therefore it is important to have a well-formatted title page that clearly represents your paper. This page should include all the information necessary for a reader to identify the contents of the article, its author (s), origin of the article, and the article type. Tip 1!

  7. MLA Title Page

    Revised on August 2, 2021. In MLA style, a title page is usually not required for your paper. Instead, MLA recommends including a header on your first page listing your name, your instructor's name, the course name and number, and the submission date, followed by the title of your paper.

  8. APA Style Guide: Title Page

    The title page of the document is the first page in your paper, and it needs to contain the following items, in order: Title of the Paper Author's Name (that's you!) Institutional Affiliation (i.e., American National University or National College) The title page should also include a page header and page numbers.

  9. Write a Title Page in APA Format for a Psychology Paper

    A running head: The running head is a shortened version of the paper's title. It should appear on every page of the paper, along with the page number. Author affiliation: In the second paragraph, list any changes in author affiliation.For example, if one of the authors is now affiliated with a different university from where the research was conducted, the author's note might state that "Dr.

  10. APA Title Page (6th edition)

    This article reflects the APA 6th edition guidelines. Click here for APA 7th edition guidelines. An APA title page must include: A running head (including page number) The title of your paper (one or two lines long) The full name of the author (s) Your university or institution. Additional information, such as a course number or an author's ...

  11. PDF Title page template

    [Max. 20 words. To contain the major key words but not abbreviations (see Wiley's best practice SEO tips and Five Steps to a Great Title). In general we do not include country names in published articles and therefore encourage you to omit these from your manuscript title] • Short running title [Max 40 characters] • List of all authors

  12. PDF Guide for Author's Manuscript Submission

    Title Page. The title page should include the article title, author name (s) and permanent affiliation (s), and the name, current address, email address, and telephone number of the person to whom page proofs and reprints should be sent. Abstract. The abstract should appear on a separate page, immediately following the title page.

  13. Writing a Manuscript: Title Page

    Writing a Manuscript: Title Page. First and foremost, check the journal's instructions! Most journals ask for the same basic information on your manuscript's title page, but check each journal's specific instructions. The Abstract should start on the next page. Insert a page break after the last entry on the title page. Use full ...

  14. APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)

    Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.) Articles in Periodicals Books Other Print Sources

  15. Formatting Titles

    If the title is for an article—content that is part of a greater whole—then the title should have quotation marks around it. If the title is for a book, journal, newspaper, or some other whole work, then the title is italicized. Let's say you have an article titled "The New Coffee Culture" that appears in the journal Studies in Popular Culture.

  16. APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Journal Articles

    Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number (Issue Number), first page number-last page number. https://doi.org/doi number Example: Smith, K. F. (2022). The public and private dialogue about the American family on television: A second look.

  17. Title Page

    Definition: Title Page. In its simplest form, a title page is something that gets put at the very start of an academic essay or paper. It is designed to be an indicator of the basic points of your project. The main components of any title page include your own name, the title of your essay and the name of the school, college or university in ...

  18. Thesis & Dissertation Title Page

    The title page (or cover page) of your thesis, dissertation, or research paper should contain all the key information about your document. It usually includes: Dissertation or thesis title. Your name. The type of document (e.g., dissertation, research paper) The department and institution. The degree program (e.g., Master of Arts)

  19. Writing the Title Page (Part 2)

    In case of death of any of the contributing authors, a statement should be included on the title page. The note should use the author's full name as listed and should give the date of death. For example. Joel A. John died on December 13, 1990. If necessary, indication of the extent of that author's contribution may be included.

  20. In-Text Citations: The Basics

    Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. What follows are some general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay.

  21. Format or customize a table of contents

    Use the settings to show, hide, and align page numbers, add or change the tab leader, set formats, and specify how many levels of headings to show. For more info, see Custom table of contents. Format the text in your table of contents. Go to References > Table of Contents > Custom Table of Contents.

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    If you want to cite a special issue of a journal rather than a regular article, the name (s) of the editor (s) and the title of the issue appear in place of the author's name and article title: APA format. Last name, Initials. (Ed. or Eds.). ( Year ). Title of issue [Special issue]. Journal Name, Volume ( Issue ).

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  27. MLA Titles

    Published on April 2, 2019 by Courtney Gahan . Revised on October 24, 2022. In MLA style, source titles appear either in italics or in quotation marks: Italicize the title of a self-contained whole (e.g. a book, film, journal, or website).