drug abuse essay in punjabi

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Punjabi Essay on "Drug Addiction", “ਨਸ਼ਾ ਨਾਸ਼ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ ਨਾਰੀ ਦੀ ਭੂਮਿਕਾ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ”, “Say No to Drugs”, Punjabi Essay for Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10

Essay on Drug Addiction in Punjabi Language : In this article, we are providing  ਨਸ਼ਾ ਨਾਸ਼ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ ਨਾਰੀ ਦੀ ਭੂਮਿਕਾ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲੇਖ  for students...

ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਿ ਕਈ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਤਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਪਿਛਲੇ ਕੁੱਝ ਸਮੇਂ ਤੋਂ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਨਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਭੈੜੀ ਆਦਤ ਲਗਾਤਾਰ ਜ਼ੋਰ ਪਕੜ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ । ਅੱਜ ਕਲ੍ਹ ਸਕੂਲਾਂ, ਕਾਲਜਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਪੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ, ਹੋਸਟਲਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਹੋਸਟਲਰਾਂ ਆਦਿ ਵਿਚ ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਨਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਹਨ । ਹੋਸਟਲਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਰਹਿੰਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਤਾਂ ਨਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦਾ ਇਕ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦਾ ਭੂਤ ਹੀ ਸਵਾਰ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ । ਉਹ ਇਕ ਦੂਜੇ ਦੀ ਰੀਸ ਤੇ ਭੇਡ ਚਾਲ ਕਾਰਨ ਇਸ ਬੀਮਾਰੀ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਹੋ ਰਹੇ ਹਨ । ਹੋਸਟਲ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਕੋਲੋਂ ਸ਼ਰਾਬ, ਚਰਸ, ਗਾਂਜਾ, ਕੋਕੀਨ, ਭੰਗ, ਐਲ.ਐਮ.ਡੀ. ਦੀਆਂ ਗੋਲੀਆਂ ਆਦਿ ਕਈ ਕੁਝ ਮਿਲਦਾ । ਹੈ । ਇਹ ਆਦਰ ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਸਗੋਂ ਕੁੜੀਆਂ ਵੀ ਇਸ ਦਾ ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ ।

ਆਮ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਹੋਸਟਲ ਦੇ ਪੁਰਾਣੇ ਨਸ਼ੇਵਾਂਜ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀ ਨਵੇਂ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਜਬਰਦਸਤੀ ਜਾਂ ਮਜ਼ਾਕੀ ਮਜ਼ਾਕ ਵਿਚ ਇਸ ਨਸ਼ੇ ਦੀ ਆਦਤ ਪਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ । ਸਿਗਰਟ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਰਾਬ ਪੀਣਾ ਉਹ ਇਕ ਸ਼ਾਨ ਮੰਨਦੇ ਹਨ । ਹੌਲੀ-ਹੌਲੀ ਉਹ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਨਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਆਦੀ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ । ਇਹਨਾਂ ਨਸ਼ੀਲੇ ਪਦਾਰਥਾਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦਾ ਕਾਰਨ ਜਿੱਥੇ ਉਦਾਸੀਨਤਾ, ਬੇਚੈਨੀ ਅਤੇ ਮਾਨਸਿਕ ਪਰੇਸ਼ਾਨੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਉਥੇ ਛੇੜੀ ਸੰਗਤਾਂ ਵੀ ਹੈ ।

ਨਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦੀ ਬੀਮਾਰੀ ਨੌਜਵਾਨ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਆਉਣ ਵਾਲੀ ਪੀੜੀ ਨੂੰ ਨਕਾਰਾ ਅਤੇ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਬਣਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ । ਇਸਦਾ ਸੌਖਾ ਇਲਾਜ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਨਸ਼ੀਲੇ ਪਦਾਰਥਾਂ ਦੀ ਖੁੱਲੀ ਵਿਕਰੀ ਉੱਤੇ ਪਾਬੰਦੀ ਲਾਈ ਜਾਵੇ । ਜਿਹੜਾ ਵੀ ਚੋਰੀ ਛਿਪੇ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਨਸ਼ੀਲੀਆਂ ਵਸਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਸਪਲਾਈ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ, ਉਸਨੂੰ ਸਖ਼ਤ ਸਜ਼ਾ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਵੇ । ਇਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਕੁਰੀਤੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਥਾਂ ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਵੱਖ ਵੱਖ ਢੰਗਾਂ ਦੁਆਰਾ ਮੁਕਾਬਲੇ, ਕਲਾ ਪਿਆਰ, ਸਾਹਿਤ ਸਿਰਜਣਾ ਆਦਿ ਦੀਆਂ ਰੁਚੀਆਂ ਪੈਦਾ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ ਜਾਣ ।

ਨਸ਼ੇ ਦੀ ਆਦਤ ਸਿਰਫ ਹੋਸਟਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਹੀ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੁੰਦੀ ਇਹ ਆਦਤ ਘਰ ਵਿਚ ਮਾਂ-ਪਿਉ ਦੇ ਪਿਆਰ ਤੋਂ ਸੱਖਣੇ ਰਹਿ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ ਜਾਂ ਘਰ ਵਿਚ ਆਪਣੀਆਂ ਜਿੰਮੇਦਾਰੀਆਂ ਪੂਰੀ ਨਾ ਕਰ ਸਕਣ ਦੀ ਹਾਲਤ ਵਿਚ ਵੀ ਉਹ ਇਸ ਨਸ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਸਹਾਰਾ ਲੈਂਦੇ ਹਨ ।

ਇਸ ਕੰਮ ਲਈ ਇਕੱਲੀ ਸਰਕਾਰ ਕੁਝ ਨਹੀਂ ਕਰ ਸਕਦੀ। ਮਾਪਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਵੀ ਇਸ ਕੰਮ ਲਈ ਹੰਭਲਾ ਮਾਰਨਾ ਪਏਗਾ । ਵਿਦਿਆਰਥੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਚੱਜੇ ਢੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਨਸ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਤੋਂ ਜਾਣੂ ਕਰਾਇਆ ਜਾਵੇ । ਮਾਂ ਪਿਉ ਨੂੰ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਬੱਚਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਪਿਆਰ ਨਾਲ ਧਿਆਨ ਨਾਲ ਰੱਖਣ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਜਰੂਰਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਮਝਣ ਤੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦੀ ਜਿੰਮੇਦਾਰੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਪੂਰੀ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਤਿਆਰ ਕਰਨ । ਇਸੇ ਨਾਲ ਹੀ ਅਸੀਂ ਆਪਣੀ ਆਉਣ ਵਾਲੀਆਂ ਪੀੜੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਸਹੀ ਰਾਸਤਾ ਵਿਖਾ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਾਂ ਤੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਨੂੰ ਚੜ੍ਹਦੀ ਕਲਾਂ ਵਿਚ ਰਖ ਸਕਦੇ ਹਾਂ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਅਜ ਦਾ ਨੌਜਵਾਨ ਹੀ ਸਾਡੇ ਦੇਸ਼ ਦਾ ਭਵਿੱਖ ਹੈ ।

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• v.6(3); Jul-Sep 2017

Drug abuse: Uncovering the burden in rural Punjab

Bhuwan sharma.

1 Department of Community Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences Medical College and Hospital, Jalandhar, Punjab, India

Anjali Arora

Kanwaljit singh, harinder singh, prabhjot kaur, introduction:.

Drug abuse is a global phenomenon, affecting almost every country, but its extent and characteristics differ from region to region. India too is caught in this vicious circle of drug abuse, and the numbers of drug addicts are increasing day by day. The bane of drug abuse in Punjab has acquired the proportions of a pestilence that has shaken the entire society in the state. It is observed that in Punjab “drug abuse” is a raging epidemic, especially among the young.

Methodology:

The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 adolescents and young adults (11–35 years) from 15 villages of Jalandhar District. Systematic sampling (probability proportionate to size) was used for the selection of study subjects. A preformed, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on type and frequency of drugs abused and other sociodemographic variables. The statistical evaluation of the data was performed using SPSS software, version 21.0.

The prevalence of substance abuse among study group was 65.5% and most common substance abused was alcohol (41.8%), followed by tobacco (21.3%). A high prevalence of heroin abusers was noted among study subjects (20.8%). The prevalence of nonalcohol and nontobacco substance abuse was 34.8%. A significant association of drug abuse was observed with male gender, illiteracy, and age above 30 years.

Conclusions:

The problem of drug abuse in youth of Punjab is a matter of serious concern as every third person is hooked to drugs other than alcohol and tobacco. The other striking observations were the high prevalence of heroin and intravenous drug abuse.

Introduction

Drug abuse is a global phenomenon, affecting almost every country, but its extent and characteristics differ from region to region. Illicit drug abuse not only affects the health and lives of individuals but also undermines the political, social, and cultural foundation of all countries. Problems of drug dependence produce dramatic costs to all societies in terms of lost productivity, transmission of infectious diseases, family and social disorder, crime, and excessive utilization of health care. The picture is grim if the world statistics on the drugs scenario is taken into account. With a turnover of around $500 billion, it is the third largest business in the world, next to petroleum and arms trade. About 190 million people all over the world consume one drug or the other. Drug addiction causes immense human distress, and the illegal production and distribution of drugs have spawned crime and violence worldwide. Today, there is no part of the world that is free from the curse of drug trafficking and drug addiction. Millions of drug addicts, all over the world, are leading miserable lives, between life and death.[ 1 ]

India too is caught in this vicious circle of drug abuse, and the numbers of drug addicts are increasing day by day. The epidemic of substance abuse in young generation has assumed alarming dimensions in India. Changing cultural values, increasing economic stress, and dwindling supportive bonds are leading to initiation into substance use. According to a UN report, 1 million heroin addicts are registered in India, and unofficially, there are as many as 5 million.[ 2 ]

Cannabis, heroin, opium, and hashish are the most commonly used drugs in India after alcohol and tobacco. However, some evidence indicates that there is an increasing prevalence of methamphetamine as well.[ 3 ] Drug users are mainly young and predominately male. A National Survey (2004) on the extent, pattern, and trends of drug abuse in India found that opiates are primary drug abused and 49% of respondent's families had a history of drug abuse.[ 4 ] The study conducted by the Institute of Development and Communication revealed that a majority of drug abusers, i.e., 70% had rural background and were hooked to drugs and opium which they procured from village chemists.[ 5 ]

The National Household Survey of Drug Use in the country is the first systematic effort to document the nationwide prevalence of drug use. Alcohol (21.4%) was the primary substance used (apart from tobacco), followed by cannabis (3.0%) and opioids (0.7%). The Drug Abuse Monitoring System, which evaluated the primary substance of abuse in inpatient treatment centers, found that the major substances were alcohol (43.9%), opioids (26%), and cannabis (11.6%).[ 4 ]

A Rapid Situation and Response Assessment among 5800 male drug users[ 6 ] revealed that 76% of the opioid users currently injected buprenorphine, 76% injected heroin, 70% chasing, and 64% using propoxyphene. Most drug users concomitantly used alcohol (80%). According to the World Drug Report,[ 7 ] of 81,802 treatment seekers in India in 2004–2005, 61.3% reported use of opioids, 15.5% cannabis, 4.1% sedatives, 1.5% cocaine, 0.2% amphetamines, and 0.9% solvents.

The bane of drug abuse in Punjab has acquired the proportions of a pestilence that has shaken the entire society in the state. It is observed that in Punjab “drug abuse” is a raging epidemic, especially among the young. According to a survey, 66% of the school going students in the state consume “gutka” or tobacco; every third male and every tenth female student have taken to drugs on one pretext or another and seven out of ten college-going students are into drug abuse.[ 8 ]

The present study was thus conducted to assess the prevalence and pattern of substance abuse and its correlates among adolescents and young adults of rural Punjab.

Methodology

The present study was conducted in 15 villages of Jalandhar district by the Department of Community Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences Medical College and Hospital, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.

Study design

This is a cross-sectional study.

Study participants

Adolescents and young adults (11–35 years) giving written informed consent were included in the study.

Sampling technique and sample size

Systematic sampling (probability proportionate to size [PPS]) was used for the selection of study subjects. The Prevalence of Drug Abuse in Punjab ranges from 40% to 70%.[ 5 , 8 ] By taking prevalence as 50% and on applying formula:

Sample size ( n ) = Z α 2 PQ / E 2

where Z α 2 – 1.96 for 95% confidence interval (i.e., α-error = 5%)

P = Prevalence

Q = 1 − P

E = Allowable error (taken as 10%)

Final sample size ( n ) =400 subjects (approximately).

A total of 400 households were chosen from the 15 villages (PPS sample) as depicted in the Table 1 . All households in theses villages were enlisted first and then required number of households (from each village) was taken using systematic random sampling. If no eligible subject was identified in a household, the next household was approached, and if more than one eligible subject was present, the one who was contacted first was taken.

Villages covered for systemic random sampling

Operational definitions

Drug user is defined as a person who had used substance in the last 1 year.

Drug nonuser refers to a person who had never used any drug in the past in their life.

Statistical analysis

A preformed, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on type and frequency of drugs abused and other sociodemographic variables. The statistical evaluation of the data was performed using SPSS software, version 21.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA).

A total of 400 subjects were studied between the age group of 11 and 35 years, with the mean age of 23.32 ± 7.6 years. Out of total 400 subjects, 93.3% were males, 48% were adolescents, and 17.3% were illiterate or educated up to primary levels [ Table 2 ]. The prevalence of substance abuse among study group was 65.5%, and the most common substance abused was alcohol (41.8%), followed by tobacco (21.3%). A high prevalence of heroin abusers was also noted among study subjects (20.8%). Out of total heroin abusers ( n = 83), two-third ( n = 55) were taking the drug through intravenous (IV) route while rest of them were taking it as sniff or smoke. The median dose of heroin abuse was 1 mg (range: 0.25–5 mg). The prevalence of nonalcohol and nontobacco substance abuse was 34.8%. Other abused substances were bhukki (11%), bhang (6.3%), charas and ganja (1.5% each) [ Table 3 ]. A significant association of drug abuse was observed with male gender, illiteracy, and age above 30 years [ Table 4 ].

Sociodemographic profile of study subjects

Prevalence and type of substance abuse

Sociodemographic correlates of substance abuse

There appears to be a number of reasons for why Punjab is currently in the midst of a drug epidemic such as rampaging unemployment, easy and cheap availability of heroin, and the location of Punjab means that most of the drugs will pass through this area on its way to India.[ 8 ]

With most drug users being in the productive age group of 18–35 years, the loss in terms of human potential is incalculable. The damage to the physical, psychological, moral, and intellectual growth of the youth is very high. Adolescent drug abuse is one of the major areas of concern in adolescent and young people's behavior. A study in the Andamans[ 9 ] shows that onset of regular use of alcohol in late childhood and early adolescence is associated with the highest rates of consumption in adult life, compared to the later onset of drinking. It is estimated that, in India, by the time most boys reach the ninth grade, about 50% of them have tried at least one of the substance of abuse nature.[ 10 ] In the present study, 48% of the subjects were in adolescence age group and prevalence of substance abuse was 56.3%.

The present study found the prevalence of substance abuse as 65.5%. The most common substance abused was alcohol (41.8%), followed by tobacco (21.3%). Various Indian studies have shown that alcohol and tobacco are the most abused substance.[ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] In Uttar Pradesh, Dube et al .[ 11 ] reported that 22.8/1000 were dependent on alcohol and drugs while Thacore[ 12 ] from Lucknow gave a statistic of 18.55/1000. The important finding of these studies is that alcohol was the most common substance used (60%–98%). Epidemiological surveys[ 13 , 14 ] also revealed that 20%–40% of subjects above 15 years are current users of alcohol and 10% of them are regular or excessive users. In a rural population of Uttar Pradesh, alcohol was found to be the most common substance abused (82.5%), followed by cannabis (16.1%). Varma et al .[ 15 ] found that rates of current use of alcohol in Punjab were 45.9% in Jalandhar and 27.7% in Chandigarh whereas it was 28.1% in rural areas of Punjab.[ 16 ] Shukla[ 17 ] reported that 38.3% of the rural population in Uttar Pradesh was habitual substance users. In a study of rural Bihar, prevalence of alcohol/drug use was found to be 28.8% of the study population.[ 18 ]

A high prevalence of heroin abusers was also noted in present study (20.8%) as compared to previous reports.[ 19 , 20 ] Out of total heroin abusers ( n = 83), two-third ( n = 55) were taking the drug through IV route. The increasing consumption of nacrodrugs, especially heroin, in Punjab is basically an off-shoot of the inflow of Afghan heroin through Pakistan.[ 8 ] In a study by Singh et al .[ 21 ] in a De-addiction Center of Amritsar, Punjab, a total number of 10,568 patients were screened for urine toxicology. Out of 10,568 enrolled patients, 9815 (92.87%) patients were found patients for morphine, and out of 9815 morphine addict patients, 5785 (54.74%) patients were abusing heroin in one or the other form. Such high prevalence of heroin abuse can be attributed to its easy availability, steady supply across the border mainly from Afghanistan and Pakistan, and a thriving smuggler-police-politician nexus which is hampering enforcement action. The numbers of people starting to use heroin have been steadily rising since 2007.[ 22 ]

Prevalence of heroin addiction was reported as 0.2% in the National Household Survey[ 4 ] in India (2000–2001) and as 10.74% in a study done in De-addiction Centers in New Delhi.[ 19 ] While comparing these findings with our study, it is apparent that there is a significant change in the pattern of drug use. Heroin is a costly drug; its increasing use has also resulted in rise of economic crimes such as snatching, robbery, and theft.[ 23 ] Increase heroin use through IV route can also increase the incidences of HIV, hepatitis B and C, thus burdening the health-care system further.

In the present study, a significant association of drug abuse was observed with male gender, illiteracy, and age above 30 years. Male predominance in substance abuse is universal as proved by various studies.[ 4 , 8 , 19 ] Basu et al . studied the changing pattern of substance abuse in North India (from 1978 to 2008) observed that majority of the subjects were males and maximum prevalence of drug abuse was in the age group of 26–35 years, with no decade-wise difference.[ 20 ] The findings of the National Household Survey also observed the highest prevalence (37%) in the age group of 31–40 years.[ 4 ]

Education level has been found to have an impact on the risk of drug or alcohol abuse. One particular study from 2004 in Copenhagen included over 30,000 men and women aged 20–93 and measured schooling level, smoking, and alcohol use. This study found that those with the lowest level of schooling were most frequently heavy smokers and heavy drinkers.[ 21 ] A National Survey by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (2002) found that 29% of the drug abusers were illiterates and a significant number of them came from lower strata.[ 24 ] In a study by Kumar et al . in De-addiction Centers of New Delhi, 21% of the addicts were illiterate or educated till primary level as compared to 17.3% in the present study.[ 19 ]

We suspect that there could be some under-reporting by the abusers who can be considered as the limitation of the study. However, it gives definitive clues regarding pattern of drug use in rural Punjab. More multicenter studies are required to compare data and to generalize for the whole state.

Conclusions

The problem of drug abuse in the youth of Punjab is a matter of serious concern as every third individual is hooked to drugs other than alcohol and tobacco. The other striking observations were the high prevalence of heroin and IV drug abuse.

Recommendations

Government should plan to increase the number of de-addiction and rehabilitation centers with recreational facilities for these addicts. Various nongovernment organizations and nonprofit organizations can be involved to initiate vocational training and other employment programs for unemployed addicts. Appropriate linkages between health workers, community leaders, religious leaders, and teachers for planning prevention and rehabilitation activities for drug abuse should be established. Periodic outreach awareness camps for antidrug abuse activities in the community and government schools should be undertaken.

Financial support and sponsorship

Conflicts of interest.

There are no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgment

We acknowledge the great help received from the scholars whose articles cited and included in references of this manuscript. We are also grateful to authors/editors/publishers of all those articles, journals, and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

Drug abuse: Uncovering the burden in rural Punjab

Affiliation.

• 1 Department of Community Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences Medical College and Hospital, Jalandhar, Punjab, India.
• PMID: 29417008
• PMCID: PMC5787955
• DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.222037

Introduction: Drug abuse is a global phenomenon, affecting almost every country, but its extent and characteristics differ from region to region. India too is caught in this vicious circle of drug abuse, and the numbers of drug addicts are increasing day by day. The bane of drug abuse in Punjab has acquired the proportions of a pestilence that has shaken the entire society in the state. It is observed that in Punjab "drug abuse" is a raging epidemic, especially among the young.

Methodology: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 adolescents and young adults (11-35 years) from 15 villages of Jalandhar District. Systematic sampling (probability proportionate to size) was used for the selection of study subjects. A preformed, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on type and frequency of drugs abused and other sociodemographic variables. The statistical evaluation of the data was performed using SPSS software, version 21.0.

Results: The prevalence of substance abuse among study group was 65.5% and most common substance abused was alcohol (41.8%), followed by tobacco (21.3%). A high prevalence of heroin abusers was noted among study subjects (20.8%). The prevalence of nonalcohol and nontobacco substance abuse was 34.8%. A significant association of drug abuse was observed with male gender, illiteracy, and age above 30 years.

Conclusions: The problem of drug abuse in youth of Punjab is a matter of serious concern as every third person is hooked to drugs other than alcohol and tobacco. The other striking observations were the high prevalence of heroin and intravenous drug abuse.

Keywords: Adolescents; Punjab; drug abuse; heroin; young adults.

Table of Contents

Drug abuse in Punjab

Tags: GS Paper 1 Indian Society

Context: Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann led a large prayer gathering of schoolchildren, in which they pledged to reject the scourge of drugs.

• Punjab continues to grapple with the menace that has plagued it for over a decade. Seasoned police officers describe it as narco-terrorism, propagated by an unfriendly neighbour.
• The Director-General of Police regularly updates the public on drug seizures, citing an alarming annual tally of 12,000 to 14,000 cases filed under the NDPS Act, alongside a record seizure of 1,100 kg of heroin in 2023.
• Drug overdose deaths continue — as per the government’s own report, 266 persons have died of drugs between April 2020 and March 2023.
• Earlier it was also reported that the problem of drug abuse is likely to explode in the next decade as the usage in now reaching the adolescents. It was also observed that impact of drug abuse has increased both in rural and Urban India.
• There has been also an increase in drug-abuse particularly post the corona pandemic.

What is Drug or Substance Addiction?

Drug addiction occurs when its abuse affects a person’s work and normal family life. It creates a ripple effect in the lives of the user and his immediate circle of family, friends, co-workers, neighbours and acquaintances. 

Why Punjab remains a problem?

Geographic Location:

The state’s vulnerable geography makes it a hotspot for smuggling of heroin and other opioids across the border.

Declining Agricultural Wealth

Agriculture, which brought the state its wealth, is stagnating and with little industrialisation there is high unemployment present today in Punjab, which makes it a ideal breeding ground for drug industry to make inroads.

Reminiscent of Khalistan movement

In the 1980s, Punjab was in the grip of a violent separatist militancy which has now ebbed but has left its scars. Though Punjab got rid of the secessionist movement only for it to be replaced with narcotics-terrorism thus highlighting the linkages between organised crime and terrorism.

Functional challenges

The small quantity of the drugs seized by the police are clubbed under personal consumption and not as aggregators or peddlers, and this lapse is being utilised by the drug cartels which now engage small time and part time drug peddlers not only making it difficult for police to crack but also multiplying the spread.

Ludhiana as the Drug capital

As Drug usage is also directly proportional to availability of money, Ludhiana being a business hub and with the large population has led to its emergence as Drug capital in Punjab. 

Further the presence of strong diaspora abroad and the remittances contributed by them increases the paying capacity of people also in rural areas.

REASONS FOR DRUG ABUSE IN INDIA

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION: India is located between the Golden Crescent (IRAN, PAKISTAN and AFGHANISTAN)  and the Golden Triangle (Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam) which are the largest opium producing region globally.

LOW INCOME GROUP: Population belonging to the lower strata of the society are particularly exposed to drug abuse in India, and use these as a form of relaxation agent.

SOCIETAL PRESSURE: Most of the youth who get addicted to drug abuse is due to the fact that they start it under the peer pressure or even due to the isolation suffered at the adolescent level at the hands of parents and friends. Apart from this performance pressure, growing emptiness and changing socio-economic conditions are having a toll on the age group.

HEALTH CONDITIONS: It can also be due to mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression or even due to the high levels of stress.

POOR LAW ENFORCEMENT: Corruption among the local enforcement agencies (police) and the loopholes at the border levels have been successfully exploited by the drug cartels. There is also a shortage of staff and equipment to tackle the illicit traffic of drugs.

CURRENT ECONOMIC DOWNTURN: The economic downturn due to covid pandemic and the global recession that is following will certainly increase the trend of drug abuse in India.

GLAMOURISATION:

There has been also glamourisation of intoxication and addictive substance via social media and OTT platforms through web series. 

Steps taken by Punjab to counter

• Many villages have formed their own anti-drug committees .
• Some police districts have introduced gully cricke t, while others have instructed constables to mentor addicts.
• Police personnel’s are also harnessing the power of social media , with district police chiefs often leading these initiatives.
• The prayer gathering at the Golden Temple was an attempt in this direction such that the tenets of religion can be also utilised as a tool of moral suasion.

  Indian Government Efforts To Fight Drug Abuse

• Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB ): NCB is primary agency responsible for curbing trade in illicit drugs & precursor chemicals. NCB shares intelligence with other agencies like Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI), Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC), and Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) for better coordination. 
• NCB also take required actions to control drug trafficking under the Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act of 1985. India has entered into 26 bilateral agreements to tackle the threat of drug trade.
• Narco-Coordination Centre was established in 2016.
•  A mechanism under the NCB which was restructured in 2019 into a four-tier district-level scheme.
• Seizure Information Management System (SIMS ) was also launched in 2019 under Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, for better coordination of all drug law enforcement agencies.
• Constitution of National Fund for Control of Drug Abuse
• Project SUNRISE was launched specially for the Northeast region to tackle rising HIV prevalence, especially among the people injecting drugs.
• NASHA MUKT BHARAT campaign was also launched.
• India’s NCB works with several international agencies like SAARC Drug Offences Monitoring Desk, BRICS, Colombo Plan Drug Advisory Program, ASEAN Senior Officials on Drug Matters, BIMSTEC, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), among others, to combat the illicit trade of drugs.
• India is also a signatory to UN Convention on NARCOTIC DRUGS (1961), UN Convention on PSYCHOTROPIC Substances (1971), UN Convention on TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME.

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