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OPSC OAS Exam Study Material, Best Study Notes for OCS Exam

OPSC OAS Exam Study Material plays a crucial role in the preparation of the Odisha Public Service Commission (OPSC) Odisha Administrative Service (OAS) Exam.

OPSC OAS Exam Study Material

ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଜନସେବା ଆୟୋଗ (ଓପିଏସ୍ସି) ଓଡିଶା ପ୍ରଶାସନିକ ସେବା (OAS) ପରୀକ୍ଷା ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତିରେ OPSC OAS ପରୀକ୍ଷା ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଏକ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭୂମିକା ଗ୍ରହଣ କରିଥାଏ | ଏଥିରେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାରର ଉତ୍ସ ରହିଛି ଯାହା ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ସିଲାବସ୍ ବୁଝିବା, ବିଷୟ ଜ୍ଞାନ ଆହରଣ ଏବଂ ପରୀକ୍ଷା-ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ | ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀରେ OPSC ଦ୍ୱାରା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରାଯାଇଥିବା ସରକାରୀ ପ୍ରକାଶନ, ପରାମର୍ଶିତ ପୁସ୍ତକ, ଅନଲାଇନ୍ ଉତ୍ସ, ପୂର୍ବ ବର୍ଷର ପ୍ରଶ୍ନପତ୍ର, ମକ୍ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ଏବଂ ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ବିଷୟ ପାଇଁ ସପ୍ଲିମେଣ୍ଟାରୀ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ | ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀମାନେ ବିଭିନ୍ନ କୋଚିଂ ପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାନ ଏବଂ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ କେନ୍ଦ୍ରରୁ ଚୟନ କରିପାରିବେ ଯାହା ବିଶେଷ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ | ଉପଯୁକ୍ତ ସଂଗଠନ ଏବଂ ସମୟ ପରିଚାଳନା ସହିତ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀର ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳୀ ଉପଯୋଗ, OPSC OAS ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ ସଫଳତାର ସମ୍ଭାବନାକୁ ବଢାଇଥାଏ |

Importance of Study Material for OPSC OAS Exam Preparation

ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ OPSC OAS ପରୀକ୍ଷା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତିରେ ବହୁତ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ବହନ କରେ | ଏହା ଏକ ବିସ୍ତୃତ ମାର୍ଗଦର୍ଶିକା ଭାବରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରେ ଯାହା ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ପରୀକ୍ଷା ସିଲାବସ୍ ବୁଝିବା, ବିଷୟ ଜ୍ଞାନ ଆହରଣ ଏବଂ ପରୀକ୍ଷା-ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦିଷ୍ଟ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ଅଭ୍ୟାସ କରିବାରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ | ସୁସଜ୍ଜିତ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଅତ୍ୟାବଶ୍ୟକ ବିଷୟ ଉପରେ ସ୍ୱଚ୍ଛତା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ, ବିଷୟଗୁଡ଼ିକର ସଠିକ୍ କଭରେଜ୍ ସୁନିଶ୍ଚିତ କରେ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ଏକ ଦୃଢ ଭିତ୍ତିଭୂମି ବିକାଶରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ | ଏହା ମଧ୍ୟ ପରୀକ୍ଷଣ ଢାଞ୍ଚା ଏବଂ ମାର୍କିଂ ସ୍କିମ୍ ବିଷୟରେ ଅନ୍ତର୍ନିହିତ ସୂଚନା ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ, ପ୍ରଭାବଶାଳୀ ସମୟ ପରିଚାଳନା ଏବଂ ରଣନୀତିକ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି ସକ୍ଷମ କରେ | ସଠିକ୍ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ଧାରଣାଗତ ବୁଝାମଣାକୁ ବଢାଇଥାଏ, ଆତ୍ମବିଶ୍ୱାସ ବଢାଇଥାଏ ଏବଂ ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟଦକ୍ଷତାକୁ ଉନ୍ନତ କରିଥାଏ | ଏହା ଏକ ମୂଲ୍ୟବାନ ଉତ୍ସ ଭାବରେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରେ, OPSC OAS ପରୀକ୍ଷାରେ ଉତ୍କର୍ଷ ହେବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀଙ୍କୁ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ସୂଚନା ଏବଂ କୌଶଳ ସହିତ ସଜାଇଥାଏ |

OPSC OAS Exam – Ancient History

OPSC OAS ପରୀକ୍ଷାର ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଇତିହାସ ବିଭାଗ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ବହନ କରେ ଏବଂ ପୁଙ୍ଖାନୁପୁଙ୍ଖ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି ଆବଶ୍ୟକ କରେ | ଏହା ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସଭ୍ୟତା, ସଂସ୍କୃତି ଏବଂ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟକୁ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ କରେ ଯାହା ଭାରତୀୟ ଉପମହାଦେଶକୁ ଆକୃଷ୍ଟ କରିଥିଲା | ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଇତିହାସ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ କରିବା ଦ୍ୱାରା ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସମାଜର ସାମାଜିକ-ରାଜନୈତିକ, ଅର୍ଥନୈତିକ ଏବଂ ସାଂସ୍କୃତିକ ଦିଗଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଅନ୍ତର୍ଭୁକ୍ତ, ଯେପରିକି ଇଣ୍ଡସ୍ ଉପତ୍ୟକା ସଭ୍ୟତା, ବୈଦିକ ସମୟ, ମୌର୍ଯ୍ୟ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ, ଗୁପ୍ତ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ | ରାଜନୈତିକ ପ୍ରଣାଳୀ, ଧାର୍ମିକ ବିଶ୍ୱାସ, କଳା, ସ୍ଥାପତ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ଏହି ସଭ୍ୟତାର ଅବଦାନକୁ ବୁଝିବା ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ | ପ୍ରାର୍ଥୀମାନେ ପ୍ରାଚୀନ କାଳର ଧାର୍ମିକ ଗତିବିଧି, ସାହିତ୍ୟ, ବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରଯୁକ୍ତିବିଦ୍ୟା ପରି ବିଷୟ ଉପରେ ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦେବା ଜରୁରୀ | ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ଇତିହାସର ଏକ ବିସ୍ତୃତ ବୁଝାମଣା ସାମଗ୍ରିକ OPSC OAS ପରୀକ୍ଷା ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି ପାଇଁ ଏକ ଦୃଢ ମୂଳଦୁଆରେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରେ |

What are the recommended study materials for the OPSC OAS (Odisha Administrative Service) exam?

The OPSC OAS exam covers a wide range of subjects, including General Studies, Odia Language, English Language, Mathematics, and Optional Subjects. Here are some recommended study materials:

General Studies: NCERT books for history, geography, polity, economy, and science; Manorama Yearbook; Current Affairs magazines like Pratiyogita Darpan or Yojana; OPSC previous year question papers. Odia Language: "Odia Sahitya" by Niranjan Mohanty; "Odia Grammar" by Nityananda Satapathy; OPSC OAS previous year question papers. English Language: "High School English Grammar and Composition" by Wren and Martin; "Word Power Made Easy" by Norman Lewis; OPSC OAS previous year question papers. Mathematics: NCERT books for mathematics from Class 6 to 10; RS Aggarwal's "Quantitative Aptitude"; OPSC OAS previous year question papers. Optional Subjects: Choose optional subjects based on your interests and background. Refer to standard textbooks, relevant reference books, and previous year question papers.

Where can I find OPSC OAS study material online?

There are several online platforms where you can find study material for the OPSC OAS exam. Here are a few popular options:

Official OPSC website: The Odisha Public Service Commission (OPSC) website provides access to previous year question papers and syllabus for the OAS exam. E-learning platforms: Websites like Unacademy, BYJU'S, and Gradeup offer comprehensive study materials, video lectures, practice quizzes, and mock tests specifically designed for OPSC OAS preparation. Online bookstores: Websites like Amazon, Flipkart, and Book Depository have a wide range of books and study materials for the OPSC OAS exam. You can search for specific titles or subjects and order them online. Online forums and communities: Joining online forums and communities dedicated to OPSC OAS exam preparation can be helpful. Websites like Quora and Reddit have active communities where aspirants share study materials, tips, and strategies.

Are there any free study materials available for the OPSC OAS exam?

Yes, there are free study materials available for the OPSC OAS exam. Here are a few sources where you can find them:

Official OPSC website: The OPSC website provides access to previous year question papers, syllabus, and other relevant information for free. Government websites: The Government of Odisha and other government-run websites may offer study materials, reports, and publications related to topics covered in the OAS exam. Open educational resources: Websites like National Repository of Open Educational Resources (NROER), National Digital Library (NDL), and Open Textbook Library provide free access to educational resources, e-books, and study materials. YouTube: Many educators and coaching institutes create YouTube channels where they share video lectures, tips, and study material for the OPSC OAS exam. You can search for relevant channels and playlists. Online platforms: Some e-learning platforms offer free content as well. Websites like Khan Academy, Coursera, and NPTEL have courses and resources that can supplement your OPSC OAS preparation.

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Preparation tips to crack opsc oas exam in 1st attempt.

• Published 22nd Apr, 2023

The OPSC OAS 2023 Exam will be held in September. It is imperative for candidates to remain positive to help them cope with the challenges that lay ahead, but there are also days when one feels as though one is heading in the wrong direction. OPSC OAS examination can only be cleared by candidates who are capable of handling their emotions, managing exam pressure, and maintaining their motivation levels throughout the examination process.

• Strategise your preparation: A couple of months are left for OPSC-OCS Prelims 2023. Thus, it is essential for the aspirants to buckle up and follow an organised plan and strategy to prepare with ease & clear OPSC OCS Exam. 
• You may prepare on your own by customising a strategy for you or follow GS SCORE’s OPSC-OCS Target PT 90 Days program is specially designed to help the students to complete their preparation in a time-bound manner.
• Work on Your Time Management: It is the most essential requirement. Segregate the topics on the basis of your strength and weakness. Take out 5-7 hours daily. Make sure these are 5-7 hours of productive study. 
• Quality Books & Study Material: Preparing the best books and study material will only make you win half the battle. And knowing what to cover and how much to cover is also another challenge. This is where a good book/ material comes into the picture. The following books will provide you with the essential and relevant information to clear OPSC OCS Exam:
• Make the Syllabus your Best Friend: The syllabus is your best friend because it binds your studies together, tells you what to study, and what OPSC wants you to study. 

Click here for the detailed list of Syllabus: OPSC OCS New Updated Syllabus 2023

• Covering PYQs is a must: The second best friend is obviously PYQ or previous year questions because they tell you what OPSC expects you to know from the syllabus. Previous Year Questions will tell you how to prepare the syllabus. The way you have to prepare and the way the questions are asked. Practising the previous year’s question papers can help candidates better understand the question type. You should keep at least 2 hours of paper solving.
• Give Mock Tests : Assess your preparation and prepare accordingly. Mock tests enable students to assess their performance. OPSC-OCS Mock Tes t provide momentum to the ongoing preparation for Odisha Civil Services Preliminary Exam 2023. The unique feature of these test series is that they help you prepare efficiently and drive you towards an informed and projected positive outcome.
• Never lose sight of the reason why you began in the first place :

As an aspirant for the Civil Services, you must never lose track of why you made the decision to become a part of this bureaucracy, to begin with. I am confident that you will be able to find enough motivation to carry on with your preparation after answering this question.

We hope these OPSC OAS 2023 Preparation tips will help aspirants clear this exam and land government jobs in Odisha. As a result, they will become more familiar with the most relevant topics and be prepared to take this test.

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New Revised/changed Syllabus(PDF) and pattern (for Prelim & Main Exam) of OPSC OAS/OCS Examination 2022-2023

New Syllabus of OAS Exam 2022-2023

• What is the syllabus for OAS?
• Which subject is best for OAS?
• How do I prepare for OAS?
• How many papers are there in OAS exam?
• Is Odia compulsory for OAS exam?
• Can I write OAS exam in English?
• Can I give OAS interview in Odia?
• How can I clear my Opsc exam?
• How many times attempt OAS?

OPSC CSE 2022 Complete Syllabus

Opsc oas preliminary exam pattern & syllabus, opsc oas syllabus 2023 pdf, 1. general studies paper-i syllabus, 2. general studies paper-ii syllabus, opsc oas main exam pattern & syllabus, important points:, note on number of attempts, syllabus of opsc main examination papers, i. qualifying papers on odia language and english, ii. paper-i: essay,  general studies-1: indian heritage and culture, odisha heritage & culture, history and geography of the world & society heritage and culture, general studies-ii: governance, constitution, polity, social justice and inter- state relations, general studies-iii: technology, economic development, bio-diversity, environment, security and disaster management science & technology, general studies-iv:  ethics, integrity and aptitude, optional subject papers i & ii..

• Agriculture
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• Anthropology
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• Home Science
• Indian Language & Literature (any 1) – Odia, Hindi, Sanskrit, English, Persian, Urdu.
• Mathematics
• Mechanical Engineering
• Political Science & International Relations
• Public Administration
• Medical Science

Candidates shall not be allowed to opt for the following combinations of optional subjects.

• Odia, Hindi, Persian, Sanskrit, Urdu, English
• Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Agricultural Engineering.
• Mathematics & Statistics
• Anthropology & Sociology
• Political Science & International Relations and Public Administration.
• Commerce & Accountancy and Management.
• Agriculture and Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science.
• Management and Public Administration
• Education and Psychology
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Personality Test or Interview

Frequently asked questions about opsc oas syllabus, can i write the oas exam in odia, odia language is a compulsory paper in the opsc oas exam. however, the other papers can be written a in english or odia according to your choice.  read the article for more clarity ., what is the age limit for oas, according to opsc, the candidates must be between 18 and 38 years of age. however, there is age relaxations for some categories. for women of all categories- 43 years sebc male- 43 years st/sc - no age bar. number of attempts- open(general) category-  6 attempts sebc- 9 attempts  no limit has been prescribed for candidates belonging to s.c. & s. t. category. ,    also, read this,  new  syllabus & changed exam pattern for opsc oas/ocs exam in the odisha gazette by odisha govt.,  click below if you want to write the oas exam in odia language, can we write odisha civil services examination[opsc oas] in odia language, you may like these posts, post a comment.

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OAS Prelim Section-wise PYQs

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Essay – Civil Services Books – Mains Exam

Last updated on March 15, 2023 by Alex Andrews George

UPSC Civil Service Mains Paper 1 (popularly known as essay paper) is now of 250 marks.

Candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics (two topics as of now). They will be expected to keep close to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly fashion and to write concisely.

Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

Table of Contents

Recommended Books for Essay Paper – Civil Services Books – Mains Exam

• Essays for Civil Services and Other Competitive Examinations by Pulkit Khare .
• Selected Contemporary Essays by Saumitra Mohan (MHE)
• Essay Paper for Civil Services Main Examination by Pavneet Singh and Sonali Bansal
• A Book of Essays by Kalpana Rajaram
• 151 ESSAYS For UPSC Mains Various State Public Service Commissions and Other competitive Examinations
• English-Hindi-Essay Compulsory- UPSC Mains Examination
• ESSAYS(101 Current) for Competitive Exams

How to write a good essay

Here are some tips for writing a good essay:

• Read and understand the essay topic: Ensure that you understand the topic and what is expected of you in the essay.
• Plan and structure: Plan the flow of your essay and create an outline to ensure that your essay has a clear structure.
• Write in a clear and concise manner: Make sure your writing is easy to understand and avoids unnecessary technical terms or jargon.
• Use examples and evidence: Use real-life examples and supporting evidence to reinforce your arguments.
• Address counter-arguments: Consider and address any counter-arguments to strengthen your essay.
• Conclusion: Sum up your key arguments and present a clear conclusion.
• Edit and proofread: Revise your essay several times to ensure that it is error-free and presents your ideas effectively.

Remember to write in a way that is analytical, evaluative and comprehensive. Also, ensure that you stick to the word limit and allocate enough time for each essay.

To get a detailed idea on how to write a good essay, click here

Learn more from: ClearIAS Study Materials

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About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'.

A trusted mentor and pioneer in online training , Alex's guidance, strategies, study-materials, and mock-exams have helped many aspirants to become IAS, IPS, and IFS officers.

Reader Interactions

August 8, 2016 at 6:57 am

June 18, 2017 at 11:08 am

I am preparing for 2018. Kindly share essay content .

June 14, 2021 at 2:45 pm

Clear hua kya aapka ?.?

April 17, 2018 at 11:28 am

Should I buy all the books or any one is OK. Please reply……

April 17, 2018 at 2:23 pm

Start with 1 book.

March 9, 2019 at 12:07 pm

plz send essay content

August 25, 2019 at 2:23 pm

Sir , what are the books to read so that i can have a good content for mains examination? I have certain books which are universal for UPSC CS .. For mains i am confused same are enough or not ..if not from where will i get the content ..

November 28, 2019 at 2:28 am

Hello I want to buy kirans upsc English essay solved till date how can I buy

December 22, 2019 at 6:27 am

Sir mughe IAS mains ke liye pahle kon si book Leni chahiye

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OPSC Question Papers 2021 - Free Prelims & Mains Previous year Sample Papers PDF

• Eligibility

OPSC Question Papers 2021 – Odisha Public Service Commission will release the OPSC question papers 2021 after the conclusion of the exam. The OPSC question papers are released in PFD format in online mode. Candidates can download the question papers of OPSC Prelims 2021 from the links below after the exam is over. Previous year's OPSC question papers are also available on the official website- opsc.gov.in.

The question papers of OPSC 2021 for preliminary and mains exam are released separately. The candidates can get an idea about the type of questions asked in the OPSC Civil services 2021. Besides, solving previous years OPSC question papers helps candidates to know section-wise weightage of topics, difficulty level, the pattern of questions etc. Candidates must also check OPSC syllabus 2021 for their effective preparations.

Previous Years’ OPSC Question Papers 2021

OPSC Question Papers 2019 (Prelims)

OPSC Question Papers 2018 (Prelims)

OPSC Question Papers 2017- Prelims exam

OPSC Question Papers 2017 – Mains Exam

Quick Links: OPSC answer key 2021 OPSC result 2021

OPSC Civil Services 2021 - Marking Scheme

• As per marking scheme provided by Odisha Public Service Commission (OPSC), 1/ 4 marks will be deducted for each wrong answer in prelims exam.
• he total marks of the prelims exam is 400.
• For each correct answer candidates will get 2 marks whereas there is no negative marking in the Mains exam.

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Candidates preparing for OPSC 2021 must practice the previous years OPSC question papers for their effective preparations. Candidates can check the benefits of solving OPSC question papers 2021 are given below.

• By solving previous years’ OPSC question papers candidates will understand the level of the questions asked in prelims and mains exam.
• Candidates can easily understand the exam pattern of OPSC by practicing the questions from the previous years’ question papers.
• Candidates will be able to work on their shortcomings with regular practice.
• OPSC question papers help candidates work on their time management skills, speed and efficiency which can help them during the exam.
• Regular practice of OPSC previous years’ question papers can help candidates score better in the exam.
• With the help of OPSC question papers, they can know about the important topics and chapters asked in the examination.
• Candidates can check weightage of all the topics.

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Candidates preparing for OPSC exam 2021 must check the tips and tricks to ace the exam.

Applicants must prepare OPSC 2021 preparation strategy.

Go through OPSC exam pattern 2021 thoroughly

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Prepare short notes for quick revision.

Check OPSC previous question paper exam analysis.

Also download question papers of other civil service exams

Frequently Asked Question (FAQs)

Candidates can download OPSC admit card 2021 through their registration number and date of birth.

Candidates can download the OPSC question papers from the links mentioned in the article above.

Yes, OPSC releases the OPSC civil services question papers on its official website.

Yes, OPSC question papers are released for OPSC prelims and mains exam.

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Dear Aspirant !

Hope you are doing well !

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A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Veterinary Doctor

Pathologist.

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Speech Therapist

Gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French , German , Italian . 

Public Relation Executive

Travel journalist.

The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

Merchandiser.

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Metallurgical Engineer

A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

ITSM Manager

Information security manager.

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

Business Intelligence Developer

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Home » Books » Best Books for OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation

Best Books for OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation

Best Books for OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation: If you guys are on the hunt for the Best Books for OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation, then you guys chose this article. This article will give you the top OPSC Civil Services Exam Best Books. Aspirants who applied for the Odisha PSC Civil Services Exam must know the OPSC Civil Services Exam Best Books For Preparation to ace the examination. We request the candidates go through the below-given details to know the Odisha PSC Civil Services Exam Best Books list.

Table of Contents

In the following section, we have mentioned the Best Books For OPSC Civil Services Exam according to the Odisha PSC Civil Services Exam syllabus. Candidates can start their preparation by choosing the Best Books for OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation list provided in this article.

OPSC Civil Services Exam Best Books

Know the OPSC Civil Services Exam Best Books For Preparation from the following.

Best Books for General Studies

Best books for reasoning & mental ability, best books for english & odia language, best books for english essay, best books for general studies – part 1 & 2,  opsc civil services exam indian history books,  opsc civil services exam geography books,  opsc civil services exam polity books, opsc civil services exam economy books, best books for opsc civil services personality test.

We have provided genuine details about Best Books for OPSC Civil Services Exam Preparation on this article. Stay in touch with the website @ Freshers Now .

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OPSC OAS Question Papers

The Odisha Public Service Commission conducts the Odisha Administrative Services Exams to recruit individuals in various posts like police, labour, revenue, administration, etc. The difficulty level of this exam is comparatively high. So, students should start preparing beforehand to achieve a good score. One essential way to boost up preparations is solving the previous year’s question papers, which will increase the accuracy and speed of aspirants.

Individuals interested to know more about OPSC OAS question papers can read on.

Candidates can also visit the linked article and get details about the upcoming government exams that comprise current affairs and general awareness as an important topic in the syllabus.

OPSC OAS Previous Year Question Paper

The aspirants can download the OPSC OAS Previous year question paper PDFs from the links provided in the table below:

Besides gaining proper knowledge from books, aspirants can amp up their preparations by solving the previous year’s question papers. Solving OPSC OAS last year’s question papers will also benefit candidates in other ways such as:

• Aspirants can get an idea of the question pattern and the difficulty level.
• Candidates can track their progress by solving these papers.
• Applicants can see where they are weak and prepare accordingly.
• It will increase the speed and accuracy.
• It will help them deal with exam pressure and help them have mental preparation.

Candidates can download OPSC OAS previous year question paper PDF and start solving them. Prior preparations are always suitable for candidates who wish to crack a good score.

Besides solving previous year question papers, aspirants must also know the question paper pattern of OPSC OAS exams.

Get OPSC Exam related details from the links provided below:

OPSC OAS Exam Pattern

Aspirants gradually get familiar with the question pattern by solving the previous year’s question papers. Below is the question pattern for this exam.

Preliminary exam pattern

• The preliminary question paper consists of multiple-choice based questions.
• This paper has 2 parts, and candidates have 2 hours to solve each of them.
• Out of paper 1 and paper 2, the latter is qualifying in nature. Applicants have to score 33% minimum to be eligible for the mains exam.
• There will be a deduction of 1/4 th of the assigned mark for each wrong answer.

Marks division of preliminary exam is given below.

Next, aspirants must know the pattern of the mains question paper.

Mains Exam Pattern

To qualify for the mains exam, candidates must score at least 33%. The OPSC OAS question paper for mains has 2 parts. One is a compulsory subject, and the other is optional.

• This exam has 5 compulsory papers and 4 optional subject papers.
• It is an essay based exam consisting of 9 exam sets.
• Candidates will have 3 hours for each paper.
• Paper 1 and paper 2 have a difficulty level of 10 th standard and are qualifying.
• Candidates will not get any negative marking for wrong answers.

The marks distribution for the compulsory subject papers is given below.

On the other hand, the optional papers mark distribution is given below

However, candidates must remember that for the OPSC OAS question paper optional – candidates can select 2 subjects only. The commission will provide the subject options, and candidates have to attempt 2 papers, where each containing 300 marks.

Once an aspirant clears the preliminary and mains exams, the commission will call them for a personal interview round. This round will consist of 250 marks.

Candidates need to clear all 3 rounds with qualifying marks to be eligible to secure a position with the OPSC civil services.

This is all for OPSC OAS question papers. Aspirants should start solving previous year’s question papers to prepare themselves better.

For the Best preparation strategy for competitive exams candidates can visit the linked article and get detailed study material and preparation tips to excel in the examination.

Aspirants who shall be appearing for the exam for the first time and are willing to get some preparation tips and study material for the competitive exams can turn to BYJU’S for assistance.

Frequently Asked Questions about OPSC OAS Question Papers

What is the age limit for the opsc oas exam.

The age limit for candidates who want to appear for this exam is 32 years.

In what language is the OPSC OAS interview conducted?

The interviews are conducted in Odia language.

Does OPSC conduct the OAS exam every year?

Yes, the OPSC OAS exam is conducted every year to recruit individuals in police, administration, etc.

To get details of other PSC Examinations , candidates can check the table below:

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[PDF] Disha 151 Essay for IAS / PCS & other Competitive Exams

• February 27, 2024
• Banking Exams , Education , SSC Exams

Started preparing for UPSC, State PSC, SSC or any other Competitive Exams, then you should improve your Answer & Essay writing skills to score good marks. In Descriptive type of exams, you should express all your points in the answer paper. To practice and improve your Answer writing abilities, Disha 151 Essays for IAS & PCS will help achieve it. It is available to download in PDF for free

Table of Contents

151 essays Book is a comprehensive collection of essay papers. It’s usually used by students preparing for the UPSC Mains exam and other competitive exams in India. For Paper-I, it can help candidates produce well-written responses to the essay questions. All essay topics we offer are related to the IAS/ PCs and cover detailed theoretical issues and challenges surrounding the subjects. There are 151 essays altogether and each essay provides a broad understanding of the topic it is written about. The essay is in a very convincing style and incorporates detailed info on the topic.

151 Essays Disha PDF

An Anthology of Essays /Articles on

• Polity & Governance
• World Polity
• Environment
• Social Justice
• Social Development
• Social Challenges
• Ethics & Integrity
• Society & Culture
• Science & Technology
• Life & Philosophy

Salient Features:-

• It is a good book and it helps in developing a central idea about a topic though not actually of UPSC CSE level, but would otherwise be great for other State PSCs. You should go for it.
• Essays are full of knowledge but they’re written in a poor English with lots of misspellings.

Book Details:-

101 essays disha pdf [previous edition].

TOPICS COVERED:-

Section a: polity governance.

• Importance of Right to Vote in a Democracy Electoral Malpractices Reforms in India
• NRC Issue and its Impacts on India’s ties with its Neighbours
• How will the Abrogation of Article 370 Benefit J & K and Ladakh
• Panchayati Raj Key to Good Governance
• Government Surveillance and Right to Privacy
• Judicial Activism and Judicial Overreach in India
• RTI Act 2005 Implementation and Challenges
• Connecting with India the North East
• Right to Privacy a Fundamental Right
• Right to Dissent the Foundation of Democracy
• Smart Cities for Urban Transformation
• The criminalisation of Politics A Grave Threat to the Indian Democracy
• Terrorism is more of a Politically Instigated Mental Problem than Religious one Do you agree Why Why Not
• Indian Nationalism and Free Speech
• How does the Indian Model of Secularism Differ from the Western Model?
• Caste Politics has Succeeded in India Do you Agree Why Why not
• Civil Servants and Politicians A Complicated Partnership

SECTION B: WORLD POLITY

18. India’s Foreign Policy Challenges Under Modi Govt 19. Is there an end to the Syrian Conflict 20. India s Pursuit of Permanent seat in UN Security Council 21. Rohingya Crisis Understanding its Genesis 22. The Role of UNO in Establishing World Peace

SECTION C: ECONOMY

23. India s March in the Ease of Doing Business Rankings 24. Merger of Public Sector Banks in India 25. Why India Opted out of Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership 26. Agricultural Reforms and Farmer Welfare Schemes under the Modi Government 27. Rising NPAs in India s Banking causes Loopholes Measures to Curb the Problem 28. How far has India been Successful in its Battle Against Black Money 29. India s Trade Deficit with other Countries Steps to Boost Exports 30. India s Draft e-commerce Policy 31. How Effective is Insolvency Bankruptcy code in India 32. India s Economic slowdown Recession or Downturn 33. India China Trade Imbalance 34. Food Security for Sustainable National Development 35. National Policy on Skill Development 36. Can Contract Farming Revive India’s Agriculture 37. Banking Crisis in India Failure of Governance and Regulation 38. Nobel Prize for Economics 2019 to Abhijit Banerjee A Proud Moment for India 39 Make in India The Vision Infrastructure New Processes and Hurdles 40 RBI Ban on India s Cryptocurrency Exchanges 41 The Problems and Solutions of Unemployment in India 42 The Goods Services Tax Achievements Implementation Challenges 43 Young India s Preference from Job Search to Job Creation 44 Feminisation of Agriculture Sector 45 How far have the Farmers Benefited from the New Agricultural Schemes 46 Public-Private Partnerships in Preparing the Curriculum for Market Relevant Skills Development 47 Why does Agriculture Remain Devoid of Profitability Despite Productivity Gains

SECTION D: ENVIRONMENT

48. Waste Management in India 49. Water Scarcity in India 50. Urban Pollution in India A National Crisis 51. Why the International Solar Alliance is Geopolitically Significant to India 52. Renewable Energy for a Greener Future Development Challenges 53. E-waste The Dark Side of the Tech Revolution 54. Stubble Burning Air Pollution in North India 55. Environment vs Growth 56. The Importance of Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development 57. How Important is Energy Conservation for Our Planet 58. The Depletion of the Ozone Layer 59. The Impact of Population Explosion on the Environment 60. The Scarcity of Resources How the Resources are becoming Scarce and What Can be Done to Prevent This 61. Global Warming is Warning us through Rising Sea Level and Melting Icecaps 62. Coral Reef Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management 63. Climate Change is Farce 64. Groundwater Conservation and Management for Agricultural Purpose in India 65. Urbanization and Its Hazards 66. The Country’s Need for a Better Disaster Management System

SECTION E: SOCIAL JUSTICE

67. Injustice of Capital Punishment 68. Should India have a Uniform Civil Code 69. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Yojana has it Changed People’s Mindset 70. Is Caste Reservation a Boon or a Bane for the Development of Indian Society 71. Gender Equality in India 72. Empowering A Woman Empowers Next Generations 73. Is an Egalitarian Society Possible by Educating the Masses 74. Racial Discrimination and Struggle for Equality 75. The Dark Disparity Gap between Rich and Poor

SECTION F: SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

76. How Has Globalization Affected Indian Society 77. Why We Should Support Girls Education 78. How Effective are Social Security Social Welfare Schemes in India 79. Women Empowerment is the key Factor or Achieving Sustainable Development 80. India’s Fight Against Diseases 81. Illiteracy in India A Curse to the Society 82. Negative Positive Impacts of Advertising on Society 83. India s Ageing Population Struggling with Isolation and Poverty 84. Diplomacy in War Against Terrorism 85. Contribution of NGOs for Socio-Economic Development 86. Increasing Population Biggest Threat to India’s Development 87. If You Want a Good Mother Sister and Wife then Start Educating a Girl Child 88. Managing Work and Home Is the Indian Working Woman Getting a Fair Deal 89. The Power of Social Media 90. Is Growing Level of Competition Good for Youth 91. Farmers Suicides Looking Beyond Indebtedness 92. Should Educational Qualification be Made Mandatory for Politicians 93. Reservations and Human Development in India 94. Corporate Social Responsibility Nation Needs It 95. The Swelling Middle Class 96. Trust Transparency Tranquillity Core Competencies of Human Resource Management 97. Naturopathy Nature’s Way of Healing Life

SECTION G: SOCIAL CHALLENGES

98. Terrorism that Changed the World 99. Human Trafficking in India 100. Child Labour in India Causes Bonded Labour Government Initiatives 101. Honour Killing The Concealed Evil 102. Crimes against Women Is India the World’s Most Dangerous Country for Women 103. Should the Places of Worship be Opened only to all Castes and not to all Genders 104. Communal Conflicts in India Causes and Remedies 105. Rising Hate Crimes Intolerance Detrimental to Growth

SECTION H: ETHICS INTEGRITY

106. Is a Biased Media Bad for Democracy 107. Can Science and Spirituality Coexist 108. Emotions and Information Propagation in Social Media 109. Modernism and Our Traditional Socio Ethical Values 110. Is Communalism a Challenge to Peace or Propagation of Religion or Something Else 111. Wearing Patriotism on Your Sleeve 112. Religion Maybe Bigger Business than Ever Before 113. Indians have Spiritual Liberty but not Social Liberty 114. Goodwill Tolerance and Brotherhood Three Pillars of a Pluralist Society 115. Road Rage Emotional Intelligence is the Need of the Hour 116. The relevance of Gandhi in Modern Times 117. Cyber Bullying More Extreme than Face to face Taunts

SECTION I: EDUCATION

118. Education is the Key Driver of Economic success and social mobility 119. Higher Education in India since independence UGC and its Approach 120. Education is a Weapon that Can Change the World 121. Right to Education Challenges Prospects 122. Importance of Value Education 123. Upcoming Careers Turning Passions into Professions

SECTION J: SOCIETY CULTURE

124. Impact of the Internet in Creating Informative Society is Dangerous for India’s Rich Culture 125. Only the Youth can Make 21st Century as the Century of Peace 126. Marriage An Institution of Great Social Relevance 127. A Girl Child is an Asset, Not a Liability 128. Humans Should be Cooperative Rather than Competitive

SECTION K: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY

129. Chandrayaan 2 Hits Misses and the Road Ahead for ISRO 130. Genetically Modified Crops A Boon or Bane 131. Artificial Intelligence and its Challenges 132. Science Technology is the Panacea for Growth and Security of a Nation 133. Exploring the World of Communication 134. Cloud Computing Concept Challenges Limitations 135. Cybernation A Threat or an Opportunity for Employment 136. Aadhaar World s Largest Biometric ID System

SECTION L: LIFE PHILOSOPHY

137. A Home without Books is like a Tree without Birds 138. A House is built by Hands but a Home is built by Heart 139. Those who do not learn from history are bound to repeat it 140. Don’t limit a child to your own Learning for he was Born in Another Time 141. History Without Political Science Has 368-370 No Fruit And Political Science Without History Has No Roots 142. No One Can Win Alone but Unity Can 371-372 143. You Cannot Believe in God Until You 373-374 Believe in Yourself 144. The Greatest Sin is to think Yourself Weak 145. Be the Change You Want to See in Others 146. Failing to Prepare is Preparing to Fail 147. Science Without Religion Is Lame Religion without Science is blind 148. Peace Not Merely the Absence of War but the Presence of a Better Life 149. Without Conversion of Mind and Heart, the Social Structure that Perpetuate Inequality cannot be Destroyed 150. Socio-Political Philosophy of Vivekananda 151. What You Really Need to Succeed EQ 390-392 or IQ

Useful Essay Books you should prepare for:-

Useful books for competitive exams.

• Download Adda247 Books PDF
• Download Kiran Books PDF
• Download Arihant Books PDF
• Download History Books PDF
• Download English Books PDF
• Download Aptitude Books PDF
• Download GK & General Awareness Books PDF
• Download Geography Books PDF
• Download Economics Books PDF
• Download Polity Books PDF
• Download Banking Books PDF
• Download SSC Exam Books PDF
• Download Disha Books PDF

Best Books for Competitive Exams [PDF]

Disclaimer: Pavithran.Net doesn’t aim to promote or condone piracy in any way. We do not own any of these books. We neither create nor scan this Book. The Images, Books & other Contents are copyrighted to their respective owners. We are providing PDFs of Books that are already available on the Internet, Websites, and Social Media like Facebook, Telegram, Whatsapp, etc. We highly encourage visitors to Buy the Original content from their Official Sites. If any way it violates the law or if anybody has Copyright issues/ having discrepancies over this post, Please Take our Contact Us page to get in touch with us. We will reply as soon as we receive your Mails.

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10 books to add to your reading list in April

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Critic Bethanne Patrick recommends 10 promising titles, fiction and nonfiction, to consider for your April reading list.

April’s book releases cover some difficult topics, including Salman Rushdie discussing his 2022 maiming, Leigh Bardugo’s fiction about the dark arts and Ada Limón’s poetry anthology about our fragile world. However, like April, there is also sunshine: Leif Enger’s wild Great Lakes love story, Helen Tworkov’s beautiful memoir of Buddhism and a collection of the inimitable Maggie Nelson’s essays. Happy reading, happy spring!

I Cheerfully Refuse: A Novel By Leif Enger Grove Press: 336 pages, $28 (April 2)

An unusual and meaningful surprise awaits readers of Enger’s latest, which takes place largely on Lake Superior, as a man named Rainy tries to reunite with his beloved wife, Lark. While the world around this couple, a dystopian near-future American where billionaires control everything, could not be bleaker, the author’s retelling of the myth of Orpheus (who went to the underworld to rescue his wife) contains the authentic hope of a born optimist.

The Familiar: A Novel By Leigh Bardugo Flatiron Books: 400 pages, $30 (April 9)

Bardugo departs from novels of dark academia in a standalone to make the hairs on your neck stand up, set in 16th century Spain. A hidden Sephardic Jew and scullery maid named Luzia Cotado matches wits with fellow servant Guillén Santángel. Luzia discovers a secret of Guillén’s, but she’s already fallen in love with him. And because he knows hers, too, they might both avoid the Spanish Inquisition. It’s a gorgeous tale of enchantments both supernatural and earthly.

The Sleepwalkers: A Novel By Scarlett Thomas Simon & Schuster: 304 pages, $28 (April 9)

A couple honeymoons at a Greek resort. What could go wrong? In Thomas’ hands, plenty – especially as the author has never written a comfortable story; her books, from “PopCo ” to “Oligarchy,” crackle with unreliable characters, as well as big philosophical ideas. In this case, the new marriage’s breakdown is chronicled through letters between the spouses, and sometimes bits of ephemera, that ultimately untangle a dark mystery relating to the title.

The Garden: A Novel By Clare Beams Doubleday: 304 pages, $28 (April 10)

Few novels of literary fiction are written as well as “The Garden,” let alone given its sadly relevant retro setting, a 1940s country-estate obstetrical program. Irene Willard walks through its gates having endured five miscarriages; pregnant again, she and her war-veteran husband George desperately hope for a live birth. But as Irene discovers more about the woman who controls all here, Dr. Bishop, she fears carrying to term as much as she once feared pregnancy loss.

Reboot: A Novel By Justin Taylor Pantheon: 304 pages, $28 (April 23)

David Crader, former teen TV heartthrob, just wants to reboot his career when his old show “Rev Beach” has a moment. His life has devolved through substance abuse, divorce and underemployment. But when he and colleagues launch a remake, devolution continues: The protagonist’s struggles are mirrored by climate-change issues, from flooding to wildfires. Despite that darkness, Taylor’s gift for satire might make this a must-read for 2024 beach bags.

You Are Here: Poetry in the Natural World By Ada Limón (Editor) Milkweed Editions: 176 pages, $25 (April 2)

A wondrous artist herself, Limón is currently poet laureate of the United States, and this anthology is part of her signature project, “You Are Here,” which will also feature poetry as public art in seven national parks. Released in conjunction with the Library of Congress, the collection features 50 previously unpublished poems by luminaries including Jericho Brown, Joy Harjo, Carl Phillips and Diane Seuss, each focusing on a piece of regional landscape.

Like Love: Essays and Conversations By Maggie Nelson Graywolf Press: 336 pages, $32 (April 2)

While all of the pieces in Nelson’s new book have previously been published elsewhere, they’re made fresh here both through being collected and through their chronological placement. Readers can practically watch Nelson’s incisive mind growing and changing as she speaks with colleagues such as Hilton Als and Judith Butler, or as she writes about queerness, motherhood, violence, the lyrics of Prince and the devastating loss of a friend.

Knife: Meditations After an Attempted Murder By Salman Rushdie Random House: 204 pages, $28 (April 16)

On Aug. 12, 2022, the author Salman Rushdie was speaking at upstate New York’s Chautauqua festival when a man rushed the stage and attempted to murder him. Rushdie, a target of Iranian religious leaders since 1989, was permanently injured. In this book, he shares his experience for the first time, having said that this was essential for him to write. In this way, he answers violence with art, once again reminding us all that freedom of expression must be protected.

Lotus Girl: My Life at the Crossroads of Buddhism and America By Helen Tworkov St. Martin’s Essentials: 336 pages, $29 (April 16)

Tworkov, founder of the magazine Tricycle, chronicles her move from a 1960s young-adult interest in Buddhism to travels through Asia and deep study in the United States of the different strands that follow the Buddha’s teachings. Tworkov mentions luminaries such as the artist Richard Serra, the composer Charles Mingus and the Dalai Lama, but she’s not name-dropping. Instead, she’s strewing fragrant petals from her singular path to mindfulness that may help us find ours.

The Demon of Unrest: A Saga of Hubris, Heartbreak, and Heroism at the Dawn of the Civil War By Erik Larson Crown: 592 pages, $35 (April 30)

Even diehard Civil War aficionados will learn from Larson’s look at the six months between Lincoln’s 1860 election and the surrender of Union troops under Maj. Robert Anderson at Charleston’s Ft. Sumter. Larson details Anderson’s secret Christmas redeployment and explores this individual’s contradictions as a former slave owner who loyally follows Lincoln’s orders. The author also shares first-person perspective from the famous diaries of the upper-class Southerner Mary Chesnut. All together, the book provides a riveting reexamination of a nation in tumult.

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Guest Essay

Hong Kongers Are Purging the Evidence of Their Lost Freedom

By Maya Wang

Ms. Wang is the acting China director for Human Rights Watch.

“What should I do with those copies of Apple Daily ?”

Someone in Hong Kong I was chatting with on the phone recently had suddenly dropped her voice to ask that question, referring to the pro-democracy newspaper that the government forced to shut down in 2021.

“Should I toss them or send them to you?”

My conversations with Hong Kong friends are peppered with such whispers these days. Last week, the city enacted a draconian security law — its second serious legislative assault on Hong Kong’s freedoms since 2020. Known as Article 23 , the new law expands the National Security Law and criminalizes such vague behavior as the possession of information that is “directly or indirectly useful to an external force.”

Hong Kong was once a place where people did not live in fear. It had rule of law, a rowdy press and a semi-democratic legislature that kept the powerful in check. The result was a city with a freewheeling energy unmatched in China. Anyone who grew up in China in the 1980s and 1990s could sing the Cantopop songs of Hong Kong stars like Anita Mui, and that was a problem for Beijing: Freedom was glamorous, desirable.

When Britain handed Hong Kong back to China in 1997, the city’s people accepted, in good faith, Beijing’s promises that its capitalist system and way of life would remain unchanged for 50 years and that the city would move toward universal suffrage in the election of its leader.

Not anymore. Now Hong Kong people are quietly taking precautions, getting rid of books, T-shirts, film footage, computer files and other documents from the heady days when this international financial center was also known for its residents’ passionate desire for freedom.

I used to joke that I never needed to watch dystopian series like “The Handmaid’s Tale” or “The Hunger Games.” As someone who has lived and worked for years in Hong Kong and China, I know what it feels like to descend into deepening repression, remembering our free lives.

As Beijing kept breaking its promises over the years, Hong Kongers took to the streets to defend their freedoms nearly every sweltering summer. In 2003, demonstrations by half a million people forced Hong Kong’s government to shelve an earlier attempt to introduce Article 23. In 2014, hundreds of thousands peacefully occupied parts of the city for 79 days to protest moves by Beijing to ensure that only candidates acceptable to the Communist Party could run for election as Hong Kong’s top leader.

But Hong Kongers were unprepared for the coming of President Xi Jinping of China, the architect of another frightening crackdown far away on the mainland.

In 2017, I started to receive reports that Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslim minorities were disappearing into “ political education” camps in the northwestern region of Xinjiang . People who had managed to get out told me how Xinjiang’s borders were suddenly closed, escape was becoming impossible and speech or behavior that was once acceptable — like simply praying at a neighbor’s house — could get you jailed. Officials would enter homes to inspect books and decorations. Uyghurs were discarding copies of the Quran or books written in Arabic, fearing they would be disappeared or jailed for insufficient loyalty to the Chinese Communist Party. One man told me he had burned a T-shirt with a map of Kazakhstan on it — many of Xinjiang’s inhabitants are ethnic Kazakhs with family members across the border — because any foreign connection had become risky.

As these stories of repression and fear emerged from Xinjiang, they were instantly recognizable in Hong Kong. In 2019, the city’s government proposed a bill that would have allowed extradition to China. Fear and anger — and the feeling that Hong Kong people needed to make one last stand while they could — exploded in months of protest .

One of the 2019 protest slogans — “Today’s Xinjiang is tomorrow’s Hong Kong”— sounded to me like hyperbole at the time. Now, five years later, it feels prescient. Today, it’s Hong Kongers who are disposing of dangerous books and T-shirts. Some people I know have quietly left an online chat group that includes foreign organizations and individuals; such contact could put the group’s Hong Kong members at risk. Others are quitting social media; tens of thousands have already left Hong Kong.

After Beijing imposed the National Security Law in Hong Kong in 2020, it used the law to decimate the city’s pro-democracy movement by jailing its leaders. More than 1,000 people remain in jail. Fearful of arrest, independent labor unions and media outlets disbanded. Libraries pulled hundreds of books off shelves. Films and plays were censored. Civil servants can no longer stay neutral and are forced to pledge allegiance to the government.

Both the National Security Law and Article 23, passed last week, are broad, vague and blunt instruments intended to critically wound civil liberties and transform institutions that protected people’s freedoms into tools of repression. Under Article 23, anyone found guilty of participating in a meeting of a “prohibited organization” or who discloses “unlawful” and vaguely defined “state secrets” could face a decade behind bars.

Beijing has couched this repression in terms like “the rule of law,” and visitors to Hong Kong often fail to recognize the transformations taking place beneath the enduring glitz of the city. That leaves the rest of the world detached from the reality on the ground — unable to sympathize with Beijing’s victims or to feel their breathlessness under this growing weight.

One acquaintance in Hong Kong told me that people he knew had become blasé about their sudden loss of freedom and were just coldly watching the destruction of the city and what it stood for. But others, toughened over the years, still express hope and defiance. The solidarity forged through nearly two decades of widespread activism won’t die easily. A Pew Research Center survey this month found that more than 80 percent of Hong Kongers still want democracy, however remote that possibility looks today.

The Chinese government wants the world to forget about Hong Kong, to forget what the city once was, to forget Beijing’s broken promises. But Hong Kong’s people will never forget. Don’t look away.

Maya Wang (@wang_maya) is acting China director for Human Rights Watch.

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EDITORIAL ANALYSIS : New York Times vs OpenAI: Is there a case for copyright?

Source: Indian Express

• Prelims: Science and technology, Artificial intelligence(AI), Generative AI, Big Data, GANs, ChatGPT1 tool, DALL.E2, copyright etc
• Mains GS Paper III and IV: Significance of technology for India, AI, indigenisation of technology and development of new technology.

ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS

• The New York Times (NYT) in 2023 sued OpenAI and Microsoft for copyright infringement.

INSIGHTS ON THE ISSUE

Artificial intelligence(AI):

• It is a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers.
• It describes the action of machines accomplishing tasks that have historically required human intelligence.
• It includes technologies like machine learning, pattern recognition, big data, neural networks, self algorithms etc.
• g: Facebook’s facial recognition software which identifies faces in the photos we post, the voice recognition software that translates commands we give to Alexa , etc are some of the examples of AI already around us.

Generative AI:

• It is a cutting-edge technological advancement that utilizes machine learning and artificial intelligence to create new forms of media, such as text, audio, video, and animation.
• With the advent of advanced machine learning capabilities: It is possible to generate new and creative short and long-form content, synthetic media, and even deep fakes with simple text, also known as prompts.
• Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) will tr ansform into Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), which can mimic the capabilities of human beings.
• It will dramatically improve the standard of living of millions of human beings.
• Negative impact: AI would undermine human values and that advanced AI could pose ‘existential risks’.

AI innovations:

• GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks)
• LLMs (Large Language Models)
• GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformers)
• Image Generation to experiment
• Create commercial offerings like DALL-E for image generation
• It can write blogs, computer code, and marketing copies and even generate results for search queries.

Copyright :

• is a legal right t hat protects original works of literature, art, music, films, and computer programs, among others, in India.
• It safeguards expressions of ideas rather than the ideas themselves.
• The owner of a copyright has exclusive rights to adapt, reproduce, publish, translate, and communicate the work to the public.

Petition by NYT:

• It alleges that the “ defendants’ generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools rely on large-language models (‘LLMs’) that were built by copying
• It used millions of Times copyrighted news articles, in depth investigations, opinion pieces, reviews, how-to-guides, and more.
• The NYT argues that the Constitution and the Copyright Act r ecognise the “critical importance of giving creators exclusive rights over their works”.
• They argue that “powered by LLMs containing copies of Times content,
• Defendant’s Gen AI tools can generate output that recites Times content verbatim, closely summarizes it, and mimics its expressive style.
• Defendants use Microsoft’s Bing search index , which copies and categorizes the Times articles that are significantly longer and more detailed than those returned by traditional search engines.”
• The core argument of the NYT : The outputs of “Defendants’ GenAI models compete with and closely mimic the inputs used to train them” copying NYT works and hence is not fair use.
• The NYT’s petition includes extracts from searches conducted on ChatGPT , and Bing Chat (Microsofts’ GenerativeAI) that are alleged to throw up NYT articles verbatim.

Reply of OpenAI:

• OpenAI responds that “the Times paid someone to hack OpenAI’s products.
• It took the newspaper ten of thousands of attempts to generate the “highly anomalous results” that constitute the illustrations in the complaint.
• NYT targeted and exploited a bug by using deceptive prompts that blatantly violate OpenAI’s terms of use.

Reply by Microsoft:

• When the VCR was first introduced, t he entertainment industry claimed that it violated copyright.
• The US Supreme Court rejected the alarmism and voted for technological innovation and consumer choice ( Sony Corp of America vs Universal City Studios, Inc)

Ethical Issues with AI:

Way Forward

• The large European news conglomerate Axel Springer has announced a partnership with OpenAI to “strengthen independent journalism in the age of AI”.
• AI swiftly takes over how humans access, process and pay for news and creative work.
• The dangers associated with AI p ose a greater threat than harm arising from bias in design and development.
• Elections apart, India being one of the most advanced countries in the digital arena, again needs to treat AI as an unproven entity.
• While AI brings benefits, the nation and its leaders should be fully aware of its disruptive potential.

QUESTION FOR PRACTICE

What are the different elements of cyber security ? Keeping in view the challenges in cyber security, examine the extent to which India has successfully developed a comprehensive National Cyber Security Strategy.(UPSC 2022) (200 WORDS, 10 MARKS)

Editorial Analysis – 6 April 2024

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