essay on corruption in india upsc

Corruption in India: Status, Causes & Impacts

From Current Affairs Notes for UPSC » Editorials & In-depths » This topic

The menace of corruption is the most talked-about issue in India which grapples the sphere of public debate very often. The phenomenon touches every human being from the one living in slums to the person occupying the highest echelons of the State system. Just like the fictional Voldemort, corruption grows at every utterance of it. In the words of Kautilya “Just as it is impossible not to taste the honey that finds itself in the tip of the tongue, so it is impossible for a government assistant not to eat up, at least a bit of King’s revenue.”

This topic of “Corruption in India: Status, Causes & Impacts” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

What is Corruption?

Transparency International (TI) defines corruption as “The abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It can be classified as grand, petty and political, depending on the amounts of money lost and the sector where it occurs”

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What is the Status of corruption in India?

• In 2021, the country was ranked 85th out of 180 in the Corruption Perceptions Index, with the lowest-ranked countries perceived to have the most honest public sector. Corruption is caused by a variety of factors, including officials stealing money from government social welfare programmes.
• CPI, 2019 highlighted that unfair and opaque political financing, undue influence in decision-making and lobbying by powerful corporate interest groups, has resulted in stagnation or decline in the control of corruption.
• As per the India Corruption Survey 2019, 51% of the respondents admitted to paying bribes. Rajasthan and Bihar fared the worst in the country with 78% and 75% of respondents admitting to paying bribes.

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What are the causes of corruption?

Inquiry into the causes of corruption presents a detailed picture of a socio-political-economic-administrative scenario that breeds corruption on a daily basis.

• Legacy issues –
• Rampant poverty and empty coffers of the government at the dawn of independence leading to chronic low salaries of the government officials.
• Pre liberalization license permit raj catered by Monopolies and restrictive trade practices facilitated the corruption. The lack of economic freedom led to abuse of the system.
• Necessities of development overshadowed vigilance procedures.
• Political system
• Use of black money in elections to win at any cost (breaching statutory spending limits) creates the need for the recovery of that cost through malpractices.
• Election funding is not transparent making it prone to the usage of black money and funding based on quid pro quo.
• It leads to crony capitalism, an unholy nexus between politicians and corporates.
• Criminalization of politics- when the rule-breakers become rule makers, the casualty is the rule of law.
• Economic structure
• Low levels of formalization (merely 10%) of the economy breed black money.
• Stringent compliance rules for entry and exit for businesses result in bribery.
• Unequal distribution of wealth- Transparency International data suggests that corruption is directly proportionate to the economic gap in a nation.
• Faulty process of liberalisation- we first opened ourselves to the world and then took to legislation for various sectors like FDI, resource auction making it easy for foreign companies to manipulate the system.
• Legal lacunae
• Archaic laws like IPC 1860 don’t capture the complexities of administration and lead to the escape of wrongdoers.
• narrows down the definition of corruption,
• increases the burden of proof
• prior approval from the government for inquiry or investigation of officials
• Lacunae in the Lokpal act and delays in the appointments both at the state and central levels.
• Dilution of the RTI act and political misuse of CBI and other agencies.
• Loopholes give discretionary powers to the officials making working prone to corruption.
• Lack of resources, funding, infrastructure and manpower in the vigilance institutions.
• Lack of incorporation of standard practices by organizations like Banks, sports organizations which results in multi-billion-rupee scams. E.g. Punjab National Bank scam, commonwealth scam.
• Delays and dying away from the corruption cases at the judicial level due to lack of evidence or faulty investigation. It also showcases politician-public servant-judicial (lower levels) nexus.
• Lack of protection to good Samaritans
• Targeting of upright and non-corrupt officials and rewards to corrupt officials
• Near non-existent whistleblowers protection
• Social problems
• The mindset of the citizenry that doesn’t look at the problems seriously and even accepts it as a necessary part of the system.
• Illiteracy, poverty, and inability to understand complex procedures.
• Increasing consumerism in the new middle class that is ready to bribe to get things done.
• Failure of social morality, education system to inculcate the values.

What are the impacts of corruption?

• Hindrances to developmental process
• loss of wealth due to corruption and siphoning away of taxpayers’ money leave little to spend in the social sector.
• many developmental projects cannot be completed or get dragged for decades because of red-tapism, corruption cases raising the expenditure
• out of pocket expenditure by the poor to get things done creates a vicious cycle of poverty.
• Corruption in the social sectors like PDS, health and education schemes lead to demographic disadvantage.
• It misdirects developmental strategy from decentralized, directed projects to big-budget projects on account of crony capitalism.
• Economic loss
• Undermines ease of doing business
• Corruption in the public services sector carries high risks for conducting good businesses. Companies are likely to unwanted red tapes, petty corruption, bribes for finalizing any procedures or deals.
• Wrong allocation policies result in undervaluation of resources like Coal blocks, Hydrocarbon projects, Spectrum allocation. Eg. 2G scam, Coalgate. This mismanagement of resources leads to environmental degradation and exploitation.
• Low tax collection due to tax authority- corporate corruption. It results in low spending in the capital building.
• Corruption of financial sector officials like Banks, the stock market erodes the strength of the economy. E.g. PNB scam, PMC scam, Harshad Mehta scandal
• Rising black money artificially enhances the market capability which is always at the risk of collapse.
• Harmful to national security
• We have a history of corruption in defense procurement and consequent litigation. It undermines the preparedness of the armed.
• Corruption in the border security establishment creates problems of terrorist infiltration. Illegal migration has caused the issue of NRC implementation
• Social sector losses
• Corruption in government projects targeting poor and vulnerable section of the society increases the economic gap between the rich and the poor
• Corruption is always paid by the poor. The loss of exchequer by the big scams are always recovered by higher taxes. It hampers intergenerational parity in taxation.
• The corrupt system denies the poor a chance to improve their status rendering them eternally poor
• On the political front, corruption is a major obstacle to democracy and the rule of law.
• It then leads to the loss of legitimacy of the political systems and gives free hand to non-state actors. E.g. Left-wing extremism
• Judicial corruption too undermines its legitimacy.

Way forward

There is a need for windfall reforms in each and every section of the system to fight the menace. Every aspect of governance must be improved for efficiency, economy, and effectiveness .

• Barring the criminals from even participating in the elections as suggested by the election commission.
• Imposing limits on the overall expenditure of the political parties.
• Making state funding of elections a reality.
• Empowering ECI by giving legal force to MCC and making paid news a criminal offence.
• Strengthening of autonomous institutions
• Protecting the autonomy of CIC-giving him a constitutional status
• Provision of required manpower, infrastructure, training of vigilance agencies
• Eliminate overlapping of jurisdiction- e.g. Lokpal and CBI
• Administrative reforms
• Establishing the Civil Service Board to curb the excessive political control over the administration
• Reducing the hierarchy levels in the governments
• Conducting periodic sensitivity training for the civil servants
• Simplifying the disciplinary proceedings and strengthening preventive vigilance within the departments to ensure corrupt civil servant do not occupy the sensitive position
• Police and judicial reforms- implementation of Prakash Singh recommendations
• Governance reforms
• e-gov apart from advancing the good governance objectives of accountability and transparency also seeks to reduce the manual interface between state and citizen thus preventing the incidences of bribery
• Drives like Digital India projects like Government e-Marketplace must be implemented.
• Enactment of the right to service act. E.g. Rajasthan social accountability bill
• Economic reforms
• Negating legal lacunae in banking, stock market legislations.
• Improving corporate governance by implementing corporate governance committee reports
• Formalisation of the economy
• Refining and speedy implementation of GST
• Social sector improvements

As Transparency International chairman Delia Ferreira Rubio says, “People’s indifference is the best breeding ground to the corruption”. citizen empowerment is a basic need in the fight against corruption

• Awareness of citizenry by training them in RTI act, Citizens charter, social audits.
• Increasing democratization of the masses.
• Curriculum reforms to inculcate values even in higher education by which youngsters acquire high standards of ethical mindset.

Integrity, transparency, and fight against corruption have to be part of the culture. They must be thought of as fundamental values of the society we live in. corruption should not be seen as cancer to be eliminated root and branch for now. A practical approach would be to see it at obsession to be cured.  An incremental approach to the problem will lead to an achievable target-setting and faster completion. People should be aware that they can change the system. India against corruption movement of 2011 was not the last fight as we have seen and it cannot be either. There has to be continuous checks and balances in the system. Corruption can be tackled effectively. But it needs homegrown solutions that eliminate indigenous problems.

• India has dropped to 82nd position in 2021, five places down from 77th rank last year, in a global list that ranks countries based on business bribery risks. The list by TRACE, an anti-bribery standard-setting organization, measures business bribery risk in 194 countries, territories, and autonomous and semi-autonomous regions.
• A strict anti-corruption law is “necessary” because corruption is hollowing out the country, the Centre told a five-judge constitution bench of the Supreme Court, which was considering whether public servants can be prosecuted for bribery if bribe givers fail to record their statements or turn hostile.

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CORRUPTION IN INDIA The development of India and its people and the future is irreparably destroyed due to the massive corruption, bribery and influence peddling. The rule of law is ignored. India is faced with absolute lawlessness, no one is safe and no one’s property is safe. The Higher Judiciary to take stern action against the corrupt politicians, executives and the who’s who of India. In pandemic the leaders have failed its people and caused massive death. Ramesh Mishra Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

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Ethics , Governance

Context: The CBI and Delhi Police’s Economic Offences Wing (EOW) are investigating allegations that the Delhi excise department that allowed a waiver of Rs 144.36 crore to the liquor cartel on the tendered licence fee, and that funds were ‘diverted to public servants’ .

• The CBI has named 15 individuals in its FIR filed in connection with the now-scrapped Delhi excise policy.
• then Delhi Excise Commissioner and two other senior excise department officials were instrumental in recommending and taking decisions pertaining to excise policy for the year 2021-22 without approval of competent authority with an intention to extend undue favours to the licencees post tender.

Corruption in India

“Just as it is impossible not to taste the honey that finds itself in the tip of the tongue, so it is impossible for a government assistant not to eat up, at least a bit of King’s revenue.” – Kautilya

Corruption is dishonest behavior by those in positions of power. It starts with the tendency of using public office for some personal benefit. Moreover, it is unfortunate that corruption has, for many, become a matter of habit. It is so deeply entrenched that corruption is now considered a social norm. Hence, corruption implies the failure of ethics .

Status of corruption in India

• India ranks 85 th rank in corruption perception index of 2021 .
• Country’s score has remained stagnant over the past decade, some of the mechanisms that could help reign in corruption are weakening.
• CPI highlighted that unfair and opaque political financing, undue influence in decision-making and lobbying by powerful corporate interest groups, has resulted in stagnation or decline in the control of corruption.

Causes of corruption

Legacy issues

• Rampant poverty and empty coffers of the government at the dawn of independence leading to chronic low salaries of the government officials
• Pre liberalization license permit raj catered by Monopolies and restrictive trade practices facilitated the corruption.
• The lack of economic freedom led to abuse of the system.
• Necessities of development overshadowed vigilance procedures.

Political system

• Use of black money in elections to win at any cost creates the need for the recovery of that cost through malpractices.
• Election funding is not transparent making it prone to the usage of black money and funding based on quid pro quo.
• It leads to crony capitalism , an unholy nexus between politicians and corporates.
• Criminalization of politics- when the rule-breakers become rule makers, the casualty is the rule of law .

Economic structure

• Low levels of formalization (merely 10%) of the economy breed black money.
• Stringent compliance rules for entry and exit for businesses result in bribery.
• Unequal distribution of wealth – Transparency International data suggests that corruption is directly proportionate to the economic gap in a nation.

Legal lacunae

• Archaic laws like IPC 1860 don’t capture the complexities of administration and lead to the escape of wrongdoers.
• Lacunae in the Lokpal act and delays in the appointments both at the state and central levels
• Dilution of the RTI act and political misuse of CBI and other agencies.

Administrative lacunae

• Loopholes give discretionary powers to the officials making working prone to corruption.
• Lack of resources, funding, infrastructure and manpower in the vigilance institutions.
• Lack of incorporation of standard practices by organizations like Banks, sports organizations which results in multi-billion-rupee scams.
• g. Punjab National Bank scam, commonwealth scam.

Judicial delays

• Lack of protection to good Samaritans
• Targeting of upright and non-corrupt officials and rewards to corrupt officials
• Near non-existent whistleblowers protection

Social problems

• The mindset of the citizenry that doesn’t look at the problems seriously and even accepts it as a necessary part of the system.
• Increasing consumerism in the new middle class that is ready to bribe to get things done.
• Failure of social morality, education system to inculcate the values

Impacts of corruption

Hindrances to developmental process

• Loss of wealth due to corruption and siphoning away of taxpayers’ money leave little to spend in the social sector.
• Corruption in the social sectors like PDS, health and education schemes lead to demographic disadvantage.

Economic loss

• Undermines ease of doing business.
• Corruption in the public services sector carries high risks for conducting good businesses.
• Companies are likely to unwanted red tapes, petty corruption, bribes for finalizing any procedures or deals.
• Wrong allocation policies result in undervaluation of resources like Coal blocks, Hydrocarbon projects, Spectrum allocation. Eg. 2G scam, Coalgate.
• This mismanagement of resources leads to environmental degradation and exploitation.
• Corruption of financial sector officials like Banks, the stock market erodes the strength of the economy. E.g. PNB scam, PMC scam, Harshad Mehta scandal

Social sector losses

• Corruption in government projects targeting poor and vulnerable section of the society increases the economic gap between the rich and the poor
• The corrupt system denies the poor a chance to improve their status rendering them eternally poor

Legal Framework for Fighting Corruption:

• Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 provides for penalties in relation to corruption by public servants and also for those who are involved in the abetment of an act of corruption.
• Amendment of 2018 criminalised both bribe-taking by public servants as well as bribe giving by any person.
• The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 aims to prevent instances of money laundering and prohibits use of the ‘proceeds of crime’ in India.
• The Companies Act, 2013 provides for corporate governance and prevention of corruption and fraud in the corporate sector.
• The term ‘fraud’ has been given a broad definition and is a criminal offence under the Companies Act.
• The Indian Penal Code, 1860 sets out provisions which can be interpreted to cover bribery and fraud matters, including offences relating to criminal breach of trust and cheating.
• The Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010 regulates the acceptance and use of foreign contributions and hospitality by individuals and corporations.

Regulatory Framework:

• The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 provides for an establishment of an ombudsman for the central and state governments (Lokpal and Lokayuktas, respectively).
• These bodies are required to act independently from the government and have been empowered to investigate allegations of corruption against public servants, which include the prime minister and other ministers.
• The Central Vigilance Commission is mandate is to oversee the vigilance administration and to advise and assist the executive in matters relating to corruption.

Way forward

There is a need for windfall reforms in each and every section of the system to fight the menace. Every aspect of governance must be improved for efficiency, economy, and effectiveness .

Electoral reforms

• Imposing limits on the overall expenditure of the political parties .
• Making state funding of elections a reality.
• Empowering ECI by giving legal force to MCC and making paid news a criminal offence.
• Strengthening of autonomous institutions
• Protecting the autonomy of CIC-giving him/her a constitutional status
• Eliminate overlapping of jurisdiction- e.g. Lokpal and CBI

Administrative reforms

• Establishing the Civil Service Board to curb the excessive political control over the administration.
• Conducting periodic sensitivity training for the civil servants.
• Simplifying the disciplinary proceedings and strengthening preventive vigilance within the departments to ensure corrupt civil servant do not occupy the sensitive position.
• Police and judicial reforms – implementation of Prakash Singh recommendations .

Governance reforms

• e-gov apart from advancing the good governance objectives of accountability and transparency also seeks to reduce the manual interface between state and citizen thus preventing the incidences of bribery
• Drives like Digital India projects like Government e-Marketplace must be implemented.
• Enactment of the right to service act. E.g. Rajasthan social accountability bill

Economic reforms

• Negating legal lacunae in banking, stock market legislations.
• Improving corporate governance by implementing corporate governance committee reports
• Formalization of the economy

Social sector improvements

• Awareness of citizenry by training them in RTI act, Citizens charter, social audits .
• Increasing democratization of the masses .
• Curriculum reforms to inculcate values even in higher education by which youngsters acquire high standards of ethical mindset.

Integrity, transparency, and fight against corruption have to be part of the culture. They must be thought of as fundamental values of the society we live in. In India, some recent anti-corruption initiatives have been taken. For example, various Supreme Court’s ruling in pursuit of curbing criminalization of politics, many e-governance initiatives will improve transparency and accountability. These measures are indeed steps in the right direction, but bringing behavioural change in society will act as the most potent weapon against corruption.

Source: Indian Express

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Corruption in Civil Services

Last updated on November 16, 2023 by ClearIAS Team

What do you understand by corruption?

Corruption is a practice performed by an individual or organization. Corrupt practices include bribery, patronage, nepotism, embezzlement, influence peddling, use of one‘s public position for self-enrichment, partiality, absenteeism, abuse of public property, leaking and/or abuse of information, and the like.

In the Corruption Perception Index, India was ranked 85 among 180 countries.

Table of Contents

Types of Corruption in Civil Services

The typical manifestations of corruption in the civil service in developing countries like ours include:

Bribery is the act of promising, offering or providing a benefit in such a way as to improperly influence a public servant’s actions or decisions. Bribery is frequently seen as the most prevalent kind of corruption.

Bribes can influence the allocation of monetary benefits such as credit subsidies and favored prices, and exchange and can speed up the granting of permission, licenses, and permits to carry out perfectly legal activities. This is the so-called―grease money.

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Extortion entails pressuring a person or group to give something to a public servant (or employees) in exchange for acting (or not acting) in a specific way. The only difference between it and bribery is the use of violence or the threat of violence to extract money.

Embezzlement

When public employees who have been given the authority and responsibility over public resources steal those resources, whether they are financial or not, it is called embezzlement.

Fraud is a public servant’s actions or behaviors that mislead other people or organizations (such as the government, NGOs, or private enterprises) into giving the public servant a benefit that they would not otherwise receive.

Fraud is regarded as an economic crime that involves some form of deception for the benefit of oneself or another group.

Abuse of Power

Abuse of power occurs when a public employee uses their position of trust to improperly benefit another public employee, individual, or group. Additionally, it may involve a public employee discriminating against other public employees, people, or entities by abusing his or her positional authority.

Therefore, using discretion improperly for personal gain without outside coercion or extortion implies abuse of power.

Conflict of Interest

Cases involving conflicts of interest include circumstances in which a public servant acts or fails to act on an issue in which the public servant’s interest or the interest of people or entities connected to the concerned official is directly or indirectly affected.

Insider Trading/Abuse of Privileged Information

Abuse of privilege or insider trading refers to the use of confidential information or knowledge that a public official has access to as a result of holding a public office to further their interests or the interests of entities or people close to them.

Favoritism is the practice of granting preferential treatment or favors by a person in a position of trust based on preconceived notions such as friendship, racial or ethnic prejudice, or even family relations.

Obstruction of Justice

When the natural course of justice or fairness is obstructed for the benefit of a select group of affluent, influential, and well-connected people and groups at the detriment of the general public, this is known as obstruction of justice. A good example of this would be the selective application of regulations.

Influence Peddling

Influence peddling often referred to as trading in influence, is the practice of using one’s power to improperly influence a person, organization, or government in exchange for money, loyalty, or any other tangible or intangible unfair advantage.

Causes of Corruption in Civil Services

Government officials’ lack of responsibility, unethical behavior, and corrupt practices are all included in the term “corruption in the civil service.”

Developing nations like India are more likely to experience the effects of corruption for several reasons, including:

• The widespread poverty and poor wages in the public sector
• The absence of any risk mitigation strategies, such as insurance, and a developed market
• Opportunities provided by complex, ill-defined, and inadequate laws and regulations
• Absence of properly established regulations, rules, or codes of behavior that apply to public officials, as well as a lack of enforcement agencies
• Lack of watch-dog agencies

Reason for the Prevalence of Corruption in Civil Services

Although the drivers of corruption are numerous, the most common reason for the prevalence of corruption in civil service include:

• The politicization of the Civil Service
• A highly politicized civil service is the creation of unethical civil officials who are willing to forgo the interests of the public to appease their political masters.
• Lack of Accountability in Public Organizations
• The colonial history and the absence of a full-fledged democratic system are the two primary causes of the extremely poor quality of accountability in government.
• The politicization of the state, institutional instability, and patrimonial economic management and incentives—wherein political and personal loyalty and obedience were rewarded more than merit.
• Weak Institutions for Enforcing Accountability and Ethical Standards
• Excessive and Opaque Regulations

Corruption is principally a governance issue – a failure of institutions and a lack of capacity to manage society using a framework of social, judicial, political, and economic checks and balances. Implementing and enforcing laws and regulations that guarantee accountability and transparency becomes more challenging when these formal and informal systems fail.

Way Forward

Strengthening Rewards and Penalties System: Rewarding integrity and punishing illegal behavior is perhaps the simplest strategy for fighting corruption.

Restructuring Bureaucracies: The moment has come to change the way that bureaucracies operate. About bureaucratic structure, there are seven sets of anti-corruption policies:

• decentralization
• bureaucratic discretion
• bureaucratic competition
• staff rotation
• whistleblowing
• streamlining regulation
• electoral incentives

Educational Campaigns: Informational anti-corruption interventions have a long history and gained popularity when Hong Kong’s Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) used educational campaigns with remarkable effectiveness in the 1970s.

Enumerate Ethical and Public-Spirited Civil Servant: When listing the characteristics of an ethical and public-spirited civil servant, an ideal official should ensure that there are no open cases within his jurisdiction, exhibit the greatest levels of probity and integrity while in office, be proactive in communicating government policies to the public, and, most importantly, have compassion for the suffering of marginalized groups.

Reflecting on the importance of ‘good institutions’ for ‘good governance’: There is a need to re-engineer our institutions and streamline the processes to cut down delays and ensure timely delivery of the services.

Read:  Challenges of Corruption

Article Written By: Priti Raj

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(Essay) An Essay: Corruption in India

An Essay: Corruption in India :

Introduction Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.      It is not easy to define corruption. But in a narrow sense, corruption is mostly concerned with ‘bribery’ and it takes several forms. Corruption is a global phenomenon and it is omnipresent. Corruption has progressively increased and is now rampant in our society. National scenario      Corruption in India is a consequence of the nexus between Bureaucracy, politics and criminals. India is now no longer considered a soft state. It has now become a consideration state where everything can be had for a consideration. Today, the number of ministers with an honest image can be counted on fingers. At one time, bribe was paid for getting wrong things done but now bribe is paid for getting right things done at right time. Effects of corruption      Indian administration is tainted with scandals. India is among 55 of the 106 countries where corruption is rampant, according to the Corruption Perception Index 2004 Report released by Transparency International India. Corruption in India leads to promotion not prison. It is very difficult to catch ‘big sharks’. Corruption in India has wings not wheels. As nation grows, the corrupt also grow to invent new methods of cheating the government and public. Causes of corruption      The causes of corruption are many and complex. Following are some of the causes of corruption. · Emergence of political elite who believe in interest-oriented rather than nation-oriented programmes and policies. · Artificial scarcity created by the people with malevolent intentions wrecks the fabric of the economy. · Corruption is caused as well as increased because of the change in the value system and ethical qualities of men who administer. The old ideals of morality, service and honesty are regarded as an achronistic. · Tolerance of people towards corruption, complete lack of intense public outcry against corruption and the absence of strong public forum to oppose corruption allow corruption to reign over people. · Vast size of population coupled with widespread illiteracy and the poor economic infrastructure lead to endemic corruption in public life. · In a highly inflationary economy, low salaries of government officials compel them to resort to the road of corruption. Graduates from IIMs with no experience draw a far handsome salary than what government secretaries draw. · Complex laws and procedures alienate common people to ask for any help from government. · Election time is a time when corruption is at its peak level. Big industrialist fund politicians to meet high cost of election and ultimately to seek personal favour. Bribery to politicians buys influence, and bribery by politicians buys votes. In order to get elected, politicians bribe poor illiterate people, who are slogging for two times’ meal. Measures to combat corruption      Is it possible to contain corruption in our society? Corruption is a cancer, which every Indian must strive to cure. Many new leaders when come into power declare their determination to eradicate corruption but soon they themselves become corrupt and start amassing huge wealth.      There are many myths about corruption, which have to be exploded if we really want to combat it. Some of these myths are: Corruption is a way of life and nothing can be done about it. Only people from underdeveloped or developing countries are prone to corruption. We will have to guard against all these crude fallacies while planning measures to fight corruption. · Foolproof laws should be made so that there is no room for discretion for politicians and bureaucrats. The role of the politician should be minimized. Application of the evolved policies should be left in the hands of independent commission or authority in each area of public interest. Decision of the commission or authority should be challengeable only in the courts. · Cooperation of the people has to be obtained for successfully containing corruption. People should have a right to recall the elected representatives if they see them becoming indifferent to the electorate. · Funding of elections is at the core of political corruption. Electoral reforms are crucial in this regard. Several reforms like: State funding of election expenses for candidates; strict enforcement of statutory requirements like holding in-party elections, making political parties get their accounts audited regularly and filing income-tax returns; denying persons with criminal records a chance to contest elections, should be brought in. · Responsiveness, accountability and transparency are a must for a clean system. Bureaucracy, the backbone of good governance, should be made more citizen friendly, accountable, ethical and transparent. · More and more courts should be opened for speedy & inexpensive justice so that cases don’t linger in courts for years and justice is delivered on time. · Local bodies, Independent of the government, like Lokpals, Lokadalats, CVCs and Vigilance Commissions should be formed to provide speedy justice with low expenses. · A new Fundamental Right viz. Right to Information should be introduced, which will empower the citizens to ask for the information they want. Barring some confidential information, which concerns national and international security, other information should be made available to general public as and when required. Stringent actions against corrupt officials will certainly have a deterrent impact. Conclusion      Corruption is an intractable problem. It is like diabetes, can only be controlled, but not totally eliminated. It may not be possible to root out corruption completely at all levels but it is possible to contain it within tolerable limits. Honest and dedicated persons in public life, control over electoral expenses could be the most important prescriptions to combat corruption. Corruption has a corrosive impact on our economy. It worsens our image in international market and leads to loss of overseas opportunities. Corruption is a global problem that all countries of the world have to confront, solutions, however, can only be home grown. We have tolerated corruption for so long. The time has now come to root it out from its roots.

Courtesy : rediff blogs

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• Recently the International Anti-Corruption Day-2022 was organised by the CBI on ‘Anti-Corruption efforts – A sine qua non for Development and Security .

About the Corruption

• Corruption refers to misusing public power for personal gain. It can be done by an elected politician, civil servant, journalist, administrator of a school, or anyone in authority. 
• Thus, the corruption definition applies to different forms .
• Corruption in India is not limited to collusive high-level scams. Petty corruption, which affects the delivery of basic services and rights to people, is rampant.
• India has the highest rate of bribery and use of personal links to access public services such as healthcare and education in Asia, according to a survey released by global civil society Transparency International .
• India is in the 85th position among 180 countries in the Corruption Perception Index, 2021 .

Issues Linked to it 

• Corruption has a disproportionate impact on the poor and most vulnerable, increasing costs and reducing access to services, including health, education and justice.
• Corruption encourages dysfunctionality in government, perpetrates economic inefficiency and can be a serious threat to national security .
• the impact of corruption is especially heavy on common citizens, and even more on poorer and vulnerable persons in communities.
• With technological development, there are opportunities to prevent corruption but also areas where corruption can be much more difficult to trace, particularly in fields like cryptocurrency .

Government initiatives:

• Indian government has constituted a Special Investigation Team (SIT) on black money.
• It has enacted a comprehensive and more stringent new law – the Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act, 2015 . 
• There’s also a Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act , 2016, which empowers the authorities to attach and confiscate benami properties. 
• Law enforcement agencies such as CBI have done a great deal to reduce corruption.
• The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 is an Act of the Parliament of India enacted to combat corruption in government agencies and public sector businesses in India.
• As the Prevention of Corruption Act saw limited success in preventing corruption in Government departments and prosecuting and punishing public servants involved in corrupt practices, an amendment was enacted (Amendment Act) and brought into force in 2018. 
• The Amendment Act attempted to bring the Prevention of Corruption Act in line with United Nations Convention against Corruption 2005, which was ratified by India in 2011.
• The intent behind the enactment of the Act is to promote transparency and accountability in the working of Public Authorities. 
• The Act seeks to protect whistleblowers, i.e. persons making a public interest disclosure related to an act of corruption, misuse of power, or criminal offense by a public servant.
• It is provided by the Right To Information Act, 2005, it has been an important weapon for whistleblowers in previous years.
• The RTI Act, 2005 is also called as a ‘twin sister’ of whistleblowing.
• The Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013 provided for the establishment of Lokpal for the Union and Lokayukta for States.
• The Lokayukta is an anti-corruption authority constituted at the state level.
• It investigates allegations of corruption and mal-administration against public servants and is tasked with speedy redressal of public grievances.
• The Bill amends the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 in relation to the declaration of assets and liabilities by public servants. 
• It requires a public servant to declare his assets and liabilities, and that of his spouse and dependent children. 

Suggestions & way ahead

• Different steps can help in managing corruption and bringing it down. 
• Education is one of the most critical steps. It can help in reinforcing the correct business practices.
• Mandatory education courses like anti-money laundering must be introduced. 
• Accountability mechanisms can also help in curbing corruption.
• Furthermore, it can be easier to reduce corruption if reporting it becomes simple.
• The senior employees in the management department must lead by example and cultivate an open and transparent culture.
• Similarly, rewards and incentives must be granted to encourage people to cultivate an ethical culture. 
• There is a the need for real-time information sharing between law enforcement agencies. 

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Corruption refers to dishonest or fraudulent behaviour by individuals in positions of power or authority, such as government officials, politicians, business leaders, or law enforcement officers. Corruption can take many forms, including bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, abuse of power, and fraud. Here are a few sample essays on corruption in India.

100 Words Essay On Corruption In India

200 words essay on corruption in india, 500 words essay on corruption in india, addressing the problem of corruption.

Corruption is a significant problem in India that has been prevalent for decades. It affects all levels of society, from the poorest to the richest. Corruption in India can take many forms, including bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, and misuse of public resources. Corruption in India has resulted in the misallocation of resources, poor governance, and a lack of accountability. It also leads to a loss of trust in public institutions, weakens the rule of law, and hinders economic development. Despite various efforts to curb corruption, it remains a significant challenge for India, requiring continued vigilance and strong political will to address this issue.

Corruption is a widespread problem in India that has been a matter of concern for several decades. It is a menace that plagues all levels of society, from the poorest to the richest. Corruption in India takes various forms, such as bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, and misuse of public resources. The root cause of corruption in India is a lack of transparency, accountability, and a weak legal system.

Consequences | Corruption in India has severe consequences on the country's social and economic development. It has resulted in the misallocation of resources, poor governance, and a lack of essential services to the people. Corruption has also undermined democracy and the rule of law, with political parties and leaders using corruption as a means to maintain power and control.

Measures | The Indian government has taken several measures to address corruption, such as setting up anti-corruption agencies, enacting laws and regulations, and promoting transparency and accountability in public institutions. However, corruption remains a significant challenge in India, requiring continued efforts and political will to combat.

Citizens also have a crucial role to play in fighting corruption by refusing to participate in corrupt practices, reporting corruption, and demanding accountability from their leaders. Addressing corruption in India requires a collective effort from all stakeholders, including the government, civil society, and citizens, to build a more transparent, accountable, and fair society.

Corruption has been a rampant problem in India for decades, plaguing all levels of society, from the poorest to the richest. Corruption in India takes many forms, such as bribery, embezzlement, nepotism, and misuse of public resources. It undermines the country's democratic institutions, weakens the rule of law, and has severe consequences on social and economic development.

Causes For Corruption

Lack of transparency in public institutions provides an environment conducive to corruption. When there is no transparency in government functioning, it is easier for officials to engage in corrupt practices without fear of detection or punishment.

The weak legal system in India is also a significant contributor to corruption. Corrupt officials can evade justice, and the lack of severe punishments acts as a deterrent to corrupt practices.

Political influence is another significant cause of corruption in India. Politicians use their power and influence to benefit themselves and their associates, often at the expense of the public interest.

Poverty and a lack of economic opportunities create an environment where corruption thrives. People in positions of power often exploit the vulnerable to engage in corrupt practices.

Despite various anti-corruption measures, a lack of political will to tackle corruption remains a significant challenge. Corruption often goes unchecked because of a lack of will to enforce laws and regulations.

Addressing the root causes of corruption in India requires a comprehensive approach that involves structural reforms, strengthening of institutions, and a change in societal attitudes towards corruption. It requires a concerted effort from all stakeholders, including the government, civil society, and citizens, to build a more transparent, accountable, and fair society.

Reducing corruption in India is a complex and challenging task that requires a multi-faceted approach. Here are some steps that can be taken to decrease corruption in India.

Strengthening institutions such as the judiciary, law enforcement agencies, and anti-corruption bodies can help reduce corruption. These institutions should be provided with adequate resources, training, and autonomy to perform their functions effectively.

Greater transparency in government functioning can help prevent corruption. Measures such as public disclosure of government contracts, budgets, and decision-making processes can help reduce opportunities for corruption.

Encouraging citizen participation and creating channels for feedback is another method that can help in the eradication of corruption. This can be done by promoting citizen engagement in decision-making processes, creating whistleblower protection laws, and establishing grievance redressal mechanisms.

Strict enforcement of laws and regulations is critical to reducing corruption. This requires political will to prosecute corrupt officials and to ensure that they are held accountable for their actions.

Promoting ethical leadership can help reduce corruption by ensuring that leaders at all levels of government are selected based on their integrity and track record of ethical behavior.

The use of technology can help reduce corruption. For example, e-governance systems, online portals for filing complaints, and digital payment systems can reduce opportunities for corruption.

Educating the public about the negative effects of corruption and promoting ethical behavior is crucial to reduce corruption. This can be done through awareness campaigns, education in schools and colleges, and public service announcements.

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Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or  MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.  

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process. 

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Insights weekly essay challenges 2017 – week 32: corruption in india: neither systemic reforms nor surgical strikes would end it.

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Insights Weekly Essay Challenges 2017 – Week 32 Archives 20 August  2017 Write an essay on the following topic in not more than 1000-1200 words:   Corruption in India: Neither Systemic Reforms nor Surgical Strikes would End it

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Essay on Corruption for Students in English [Easy Words]

January 5, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Corruption: Breach of honesty and immoral practices of compromising on ethical rights by an individual or group is rightly called corruption. It is a criminal activity involving bribery or improper favours/ gifts for personal gains. Providing or seeking preferential treatment by offering or receiving money by forcefully coercing individuals against lawful means happens in corruption.

Essay on Corruption 500 Words in English

Below we have provided a Corruption Essay in English, suitable for class 5 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

Corruption has become a world phenomenon, and it’s even a bigger challenge for under-development countries like India to handle it. In simple words, corruption can be defined as “illegal or dishonest behaviour, especially by the people in power”. Corruption affects the government is all levels from central to the district. Former Prime Minister Late Rajiv Gandhi once said “only 15 paise of every rupee for the welfare of the downtrodden reaches them” and we all know that this magic happens because of corruption.

Here the irony is that Mr. Gandhi said this in 1990 but still, the situation is the same. Indian people are now so used to this corruption practice that they take it easy and use it as a tool to get their things done without any hassle. Many people believe that Indian politicians are the root of corruption in India but in reality, the network of corruption is too vast and it has following main towers; politicians, bureaucrats, and criminals.

Causes of Corruption

Corruption is present in all spheres of our life; politics, judiciary, public, administration, and all the services. Almost all the departments, connected with the welfare of common Indians, are infected with the virus of corruption. When we dig down to know the reason for corruption in India, we find some common reasons like weak management and lack of control system. These reason wee behind the birth of corruption at a smaller scale. Lack of good leadership let the corruption flourished at a larger scale. There is a famous saying in India that if the character is gone, everything is gone, but most of Indians are involved in giving and taking the bribe .

Consequences of Corruption

Corruption is the key factor behind the lack of development in several parts of the country. When the corruption gets high, the economy of the country touches the bottom of the graph. The effects of corruption can be seen on the daily based commodities as with high corruption rate these commodities become out of reach from poor citizens of the country. The country loses some taxpayers when corruption is present in its economy. And the money those taxpayers who pay the tax land in the pocket of corrupted people.

Since independence, India’s government has launched many schemes to throw the poverty out from the country. However, it still shows its presence here, and it’s happening because of corruption only. As Mr Rajiv Gandhi said 15 paise out of 1 rupee, the needy person gets. So the poor became poorer and corrupted become richer.

Cures for Corruption in India