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Domestic Violence Solution, Essay Example

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Domestic violence can be defined as an outline of activities and behaviors whereby one partner tries to dictate and take control of the other through intimidation, threats, emotional harm and the use of physical force. Domestic violence occurs daily and includes forms like physical, financial and sexual abuse, neglect and maltreatment of children as well as elder abuse. It can also mean criminal coercion, endangerment, kidnapping, trespassing, stalking, unlawful imprisonment and harassment among others.

Unlike other crimes and offenses, domestic violence is habitually not an unexpected or a sudden incident. It may take years of psychological and emotional suffering as well as physical harm, which may occur frequently and develop to a more severe situation. Domestic violence has a distressing impact to those involved and exposed to such violence, for example, children experiencing it and living with it as witnesses. It is difficult to comprehend precisely how domestic violence is, because individuals usually don’t report it. Domestic Violence normally affects people of all ages, ethnic backgrounds, educational and income levels. The consequences are that any kind of abusive behavior is never tolerable, whether it comes from an older adult, a man, woman or even a teenager. Everyone deserves to feel appreciated, respected and secure (Davis 10).

Effective Solution To Domestic Violence

There exists no simple solution to the issue of domestic violence since its removal requires transformations in the same nature of society. Unless individuals develop a sense of respect and recognition for others, domestic violence will still be there, and the weaker individuals of the society will mostly be the victims.

Recognizing abuse

Domestic violence often rises from verbal abuse and threats to violence. Physical injury is the obvious danger along psychological and emotional torture. Emotionally abusive relationships can lead to loss of self-esteem, depression, anxiety and makes one feel helpless. Nobody should bear this kind of torture; therefore, the first point is to known that the situation is abusive after which the individual is to accept the reality of the situation, and then seek the necessary help that is required.

Counselling

It is well-known that young adults and children raised in environments where violence is experienced are likely to become the perpetrators themselves or the victims. It is essential to break the sequence of such violent activities in these families where it occurs frequently. Therefore, counselling is the appropriate solution for all family members affected. Counselling may take forms such as methods of conflict management, anger control and negotiation among others. Community and society funding should be accessible so as to ensure ease of access to all those who require it (Davis, 280-288).

Education and Empowerment

The family is predominantly accountable for building an individual’s character. Therefore, it is from the same families that feelings of self worth, conflict resolutions skills and respect for others are developed. In this case, it is essential that support is offered to families in enabling them nurture these vital qualities. If such qualities are not developed early enough, it will be very difficult to instill them later. The most considerable issue is to empower young children to decline violence psychologically.

Violent behavior demeans the perpetrator and injures the victims. In a situation where the abuser seeks for help to control his/her behavior, help ought to be available. It should be provided and not be seen as a form of punishment for the crime.  The society or community should recognize the unlawful nature of domestic violence and settle on the appropriate corrective sanctions to it (Lee 6-50).

Developing a safety plan

When violent behavior occurs, it is useful to have a strategy of dealing with a crisis or emergency. It is necessary for people to think of ways and means of providing a safer environment for themselves and their children. The victims involved must plan on how to get out of their homes securely and speedily, so that once violence begins, they may do so. Such a plan needs to consider several important details, for example, where to keep keys and extra clothes among others, for a speedy departure (Buzawa 36-54).

Intervention orders and legal framework

Intervention orders are vital legal mechanisms in managing domestic violence. Once an order is given out, it should contain the information about the possibility of counselling also being offered. If an order is contravened, attendance at counselling must be compulsory in addition to any corrective sanctions. Better sanctioning penalties, legal framework and providing protection ought to evolve where none exists (Davis 280-290).

Call for help

It is also necessary for children to know how to use a telephone so that in case of an emergency they can call the fire department or even the police. Since domestic violence is a crime, people should not fear to ask for assistance. This is because calling the police officers can make an abuser to consider the matter before using any violence in the future. The work of the police is to investigate the matter and make any relevant arrests. They will also prepare a report of abuse and alternatively provide the casualty with referral information for domestic violence services in the area. It is crucial for victims involved as well as their relatives, neighbors or even friends of the victims to call the police officers for help (Sizemore, 3).

Seek community help

Several services are available to help the families that struggle with domestic violence. People should make use of the various programs in the community/society and the domestic violence hotlines. Such resources offer emergency referrals and shelter as well as counselling. The victims involved may seek for support from the local police department, from their churches or even agencies of domestic violence.

Seek medical treatment

Several injuries require medical attention. Sexually or physically abused victims need to visit a physician for a complete medical assessment. A medical report, which documents the injured person, may be relevant in any legal situation. If possible, it is also important for the physician to take color photographs of the victims injured.

The consequences of domestic violence in the society are undoubtedly enormous and immeasurable. The effects are seen in the entire nation, for example, in schools, jails etc. The effects can be seen in people’s faces at home, work or even on the streets. Pessimism, hopelessness, meanness and hard-headedness are what individuals experience on their day to day activities. People need to think about the price of domestic violence in terms of cents and dollars, which is indeed devastating and demoralizing. The abused victims need counselling and medical care for full medical assessment (McCue, 206).

There is a huge cost to the entire nation in the form of time and resources spent by the law enforcement officials, lawyers, public health workers and many others. There is the cost to the social organizations in the form of counselling, money used, time, hotline services and many more. Furthermore, there is also the cost to the productivity and efficiency of work place in form of worker re-training, absenteeism and decreased productivity. The system of education is required to offer dedicated services to children and young adults who are suffering from behavioral problems, which result from domestic violence.

Works cited

Bogue, Ellie. “Domestic Violence Awareness Month Draws Attention to Persistent Problem.”   McClatchy – Tribune Business News Oct 09 2012. ABI/INFORM Complete. Web. 6 Dec. 2012.

Buzawa, Eva S, Carl G. Buzawa, Evan Stark, and Eva S. Buzawa. Responding to Domestic  Violence: The Integration of Criminal Justice and Human Services . Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2012. Print.

Davis, Richard L. Domestic Violence: Intervention, Prevention, Policies, and Solutions . Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008. Print.

Dixon, Ken. “Solutions Sought by Task Force to Stem Domestic Violence.” McClatchy – Tribune          Business News Dec 01 2009. ABI/INFORM Complete. Web. 6 Dec. 2012.

Harne, Lynne, and Jill Radford. Tackling Domestic Violence: Theories, Policies and Practice .   Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill/Open University Press, 2008. Print.

http://www.aaets.org/article145.htm

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1279919/

Lee, Mo Y, John Sebold, and Adriana Uken. Solution-focused Treatment of Domestic Violence Offenders: Accountability for Change . New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

McCue, Margi L. Domestic Violence: A Reference Handbook . Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO,          2008. Print.

Sizemore, Nola. “Domestic Violence Victims Get a Special make-Over.” McClatchy – Tribune   Business News Jun 30 2010. ABI/INFORM Complete. Web. 7 Dec. 2012.

Twigg, Tim, and Rebecca Crane. “Ending the Silence on Domestic Violence in the Workplace.”            Dental Economics 99.5 (2009): 33-4. ABI/INFORM Complete. Web. 6 Dec. 2012.

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148 Domestic Violence Topics & Essay Examples

A domestic violence essay can deal with society, gender, family, and youth. To help you decide which aspect to research, our team provided this list of 138 topics .

📑 Aspects to Cover in a Domestic Violence Essay

🏆 best domestic violence titles & essay examples, ⭐ interesting domestic violence topics for an essay, 🎓 good research topics about domestic violence, ❓ research questions on domestic violence.

Domestic violence is a significant problem and one of the acute topics of today’s society. It affects people of all genders and sexualities.

Domestic violence involves many types of abuse, including sexual and emotional one. Essays on domestic violence can enhance students’ awareness of the issue and its causes. Our tips will be useful for those wanting to write outstanding domestic violence essays.

Start with choosing a topic for your paper. Here are some examples of domestic violence essay titles:

  • Causes of domestic violence and the ways to eliminate them
  • The consequences of domestic violence
  • The importance of public domestic violence speech
  • Ways to reduce domestic violence
  • The prevalence of domestic violence in the United States (or other countries)
  • The link between domestic violence and mental health problems among children

Now that you have selected one of the titles for your essay, you can start working on the paper. We have prepared some tips on the aspects you should cover in your work:

  • Start with researching the issue you have selected. Analyze its causes, consequences, and effects. Remember that you should include some of the findings in the paper using in-text citations.
  • Develop a domestic violence essay outline. The structure of your paper will depend on the problem you have selected. In general, there should be an introductory and a concluding paragraph, as well as three (or more) body paragraphs. Hint: Keep in mind the purpose of your essay while developing its structure.
  • Present your domestic violence essay thesis clearly. The last sentence of your introductory paragraph should be the thesis statement. Here are some examples of a thesis statement:

Domestic violence has a crucial impact on children’s mental health. / Domestic violence affects women more than men.

  • Present a definition of domestic violence. What actions does the term involve? Include several possible perspectives on domestic violence.
  • Discuss the victims of domestic violence and the impact it has on them too. Provide statistical data, if possible.
  • Help your audience to understand the issue better by discussing the consequences of domestic violence, even if it is not the primary purpose of your paper. The essay should show why it is necessary to eliminate this problem.
  • You can include some relevant quotes on domestic violence to make your arguments more persuasive. Remember to use citations from relevant sources only. Such sources include peer-reviewed articles and scholarly publications. If you are not sure whether you can use a piece of literature, consult your professor to avoid possible mistakes.
  • Support your claims with evidence. Ask your professor in advance about the sources you can use in your paper. Avoid utilizing Wikipedia, as this website is not reliable.
  • Stick to a formal language. Although you may want to criticize domestic violence, do not use offensive terms. Your paper should look professional.
  • Pay attention to the type of paper you should write. If it is an argumentative essay, discuss opposing views on domestic violence and prove that they are unreliable.
  • Remember that you should include a domestic violence essay conclusion in your paper too. This section of the paper should present your main ideas and findings. Remember not to present any new information or citations in the concluding paragraph.

There are some free samples we have prepared for you, too. Check them out!

  • Fighting Domestic Violence in Pocatello, Idaho Having realized the need to involve the family unit in dealing with this vice, Walmart has organized a sensitization program that will involve the education of whole family to increase awareness on the issue. The […]
  • Community and Domestic Violence; Gang Violence Solitude, peer pressure, need to belong, esteem, and the excitement of the odds of arrest entice adolescents to join these youth gangs.
  • Community and Domestic Violence: Elder Abuse In addition, the fact the elderly people cannot defend themselves because of the physical frailty that they encounter, they will experience most of the elderly abuse.
  • Guilty until Proven Otherwise: Domestic Violence Cases The presumption of the guilt of a man in domestic violence cases is further proven by the decision of the court in which the man is required to post a bond despite the fact that […]
  • Domestic Violence as a Social and Public Health Problem The article, authored by Lisa Simpson Strange, discusses the extent of domestic violence especially in women and the dangers it exposes the victims to, insisting that severe actions should be taken against those who commit […]
  • Domestic Violence and Elderly Abuse- A Policy Statement Though this figure has been changing with the change in the method of survey that was conducted and the nature of samples that were taken during the research process, it is widely accepted fact that […]
  • Effect of Domestic Violence on Children This is done with the aim of ensuring that the child is disciplined and is meant as a legitimate punishment. Most of our children have been neglected and this has contributed to the increase in […]
  • The Effects of Domestic Violence According to statistics and research provided in the handout, women are at a higher risk of being victims of domestic violence.
  • Domestic Violence against South Asian Women Again, this strategy is premised on the idea that domestic violence can be explained by the financial dependence of women in these communities.
  • Domestic Violence: Signs of Abuse and Abusive Relationships The unprecedented rejuvenation of such a vile act, prompted the formation of factions within society, that are sensitive to the plight of women, and fight for the cognizance of their rights in society.
  • Domestic Violence: Predicting and Solutions There are several factors which predict the state of domestic violence in the future and this will help in preventing domestic violence.
  • Domestic Violence in the African American Community Previous research has suggested this due to the many causes and effects that are experienced by the members and especially the male members of the African American community.
  • Behind Closed Doors: Domestic Violence The term “domestic violence” is used to denote the physical or emotional abuse that occurs in the homes. Therefore, it has contributed to the spread of domestic violence in the country.
  • Domestic Violence and Social Initiatives in Solving the Problem The absence of the correct social programs at schools and the lack of desire of government and police to pay more attention to the prevention of the problem while it is not too late are […]
  • Effects of Domestic Violence on Children’s Social and Emotional Development In the case of wife-husband violence, always, one parent will be the offender and the other one the victim; in an ideal situation, a child needs the love of a both parents. When brought up […]
  • Domestic Violence and Its Classification Sexual abuse is the other common form of maltreatment which is on the rise and refers to any circumstance in which force is utilized to get involvement in undesired intimate action. Emotional maltreatment entails inconsistent […]
  • Domestic Violence against Women Domestic violence against women refers to “any act of gender-based violence that results in or is likely to result in physical, sexual, and mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts as […]
  • Domestic Violence Exposure in Colombian Adolescents In this topic, the authors intend to discover the extent of association of drug abuse to domestic violence exposure, violent and prosocial behavior among adolescents.
  • Collaborative Crisis Intervention at a Domestic Violence Shelter The first visit is meant to collect the information that the professional in domestic violence deem crucial concerning the precipitating incidence and history of violence.
  • Art Therapy With Women Who Have Suffered Domestic Violence One of the most significant benefits of art therapy is the fact the patients get to understand and interpret their own situations which puts them in a better position to creatively participate in own healing […]
  • Domestic Violence: Reason, Forms and Measures The main aim of this paper is to determine the reason behind the rapid increase of domestic violence, forms of domestic violence and measures that should be taken to reduce its effects.
  • Social Marketing Campaign on Domestic Violence In this marketing campaign strategy the focus would be centered on violence against women, as a form of domestic violence that is currently experience in many countries across the globe.
  • Dominance and “Power Plays” in Relationships to Assist Clients to Leave Domestic Violence According to psychologists, the problem of domestic violence is based on the fact that one partner needs to be in control of the other.
  • Impact of the Economic Status on Domestic Violence This article investigates the possible factors that may help in explaining the status of women who are homeless and their capacity to experience domestic violence.
  • Domestic Violence Dangers Mount With Economic, Seasonal Pressures These variables are believed to be able to prompt the family to explore the experiences and meanings of stress and stress management.
  • Knowledge and Attitudes of Nurses Regarding Domestic Violence and Their Effect on the Identification of Battered Women In conducting this research, the authors sought the consent of the prospective participants where the purpose of the study was explained to participants and confidentiality of information to be collected was reassured.
  • Evaluation of Anger Management Counseling and Treatment of Domestic Violence by the Capital Area Michigan Works These aspects include: the problem that the program intends to solve, the results produced by the program, the activities of the program, and the resources that are used to achieve the overall goal.
  • Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Development In cases where children are exposed to such violence, then they become emotionally troubled: In the above, case them the dependent variable is children emotions while the independent variable is domestic violence: Emotions = f […]
  • Violence against Women: Domestic, National, and Global Rape as a weapon for the enemy Majority of cultures in war zones still accept and regard rape to be a weapon of war that an enemy should be punished with.
  • Financial Planning and Management for Domestic Violence Victims Acquisition of resources used in criminal justice require financial resources hence the need to manage the same so as to provide the best machines and equipments.
  • Domestic Violence in the Lives of Women She gives particular focus on the social and traditional aspects of the community that heavily contribute to the eruption and sustenance of violence against women in households. In the part 1 of the book, Renzetti […]
  • Cross-Cultural Aspects of Domestic Violence This is one of the limitations that should be taken account. This is one of the problems that should not be overlooked.
  • Evaluation of the Partnership Against Domestic Violence According to the official mission statement of the organization, PADV is aimed at improving the overall wellbeing of families all over the world and helping those that suffer from domestic violence The organization’s primary goal […]
  • National Coalition Against Domestic Violence In addition, NCADV hopes to make the public know that the symbol of the purple ribbon represents the mission of the organization, which is to bring peace to all American households.
  • Teenage Dating and Domestic Violence That is why it is important to report about the violence to the police and support groups in order to be safe and start a new life.
  • Poverty and Domestic Violence It is based on this that in the next section, I have utilized my educational experience in order to create a method to address the issue of domestic violence from the perspective of a social […]
  • Understanding Women’s Responses to Domestic Violence The author’s research orientation is a mix of interpretive, positivism and critical science – interpretive in informing social workers or practitioners on how to enhance their effectiveness as they deal with cases related to violence […]
  • Anger Management Counseling and Treatment of Domestic Violence by the Capital Area Michigan Works These aspects include: the problem that the program intends to solve, the results produced by the program, the activities of the program, and the resources that are used to achieve the overall goal.
  • Domestic, Dating and Sexual Violence Dating violence is the sexual or physical violence in a relationship which includes verbal and emotional violence. The rate of sexual violence in other nations like Japan and Ethiopia, range from 15 to 71 percent.
  • Same-Sex Domestic Violence Problem Domestic violence in gay or lesbian relationships is a serious matter since the rates of domestic violence in such relationships are almost equivalent to domestic violence in heterosexual relationships. There are a number of misconceptions […]
  • Project Reset and the Domestic Violence Court The majority of the decisions in courts are aimed to mitigate the effects of the strict criminal justice system of the United States.
  • Domestic Violence in International Criminal Justice The United Nations organization is deeply concerned with the high level of violence experienced by women in the family, the number of women killed, and the latency of sexual violence.
  • Nondiscriminatory Education Against Domestic Violence The recent event that prompted the proposed advocacy is the criticism of a banner that depicts a man as the victim of abuse.
  • Domestic Violence in Australia: Policy Issue In this paper, DV in Australia will be regarded as a problem that requires policy decision-making, and the related terminology and theory will be used to gain insights into the reasons for the persistence of […]
  • Theories of Domestic Violence It is important to point out that women have received the short end of the stick in regards to domestic violence. A third reason why people commit domestic violence according to the Family Violence Theory […]
  • Domestic Violence Abuse: Laws in Maryland The Peace and Protective Orders-Burden of Proof regulation in Maryland and the Violence against Women Act are some of the laws that have been created to deal with domestic violence.
  • Domestic Violence Activism in Law and Society I also suppose that some of these people may start lifting their voices against the law, paying particular attention to the idea that it is theoretically allowable that the law can punish people for other […]
  • Local Domestic Violence Victim Resources in Kent The focus of this paper is to document the local domestic violence victim resources found within a community in Kent County, Delaware, and also to discuss the importance of these resources to the community.
  • Domestic Violence and Child’s Brain Development The video “First Impressions: Exposure to Violence and a Child’s Developing Brain” answers some questions of the dependence of exposure to domestic violence and the development of brain structures of children. At the beginning of […]
  • Domestic Violence Victims’ Right to Sue Authorities Victims of child abuse and domestic violence have the right to seek legal recourse in case of violation of their rights.
  • Domestic Violence and Social Interventions In conclusion, social learning theory supports the idea that children have a high likelihood of learning and simulating domestic violence through experiences at home.
  • Break the Silence: Domestic Violence Case The campaign in question aimed to instruct victims of domestic violence on how to cope with the problem and where to address to get assistance.
  • Family and Domestic Violence Legislation in the US In fact, this law is a landmark pointing to the recognition of the concept of domestic violence at the legal level and acknowledging that it is a key problem of the society.
  • Domestic Violence and Its Impact on Victims This paper highlights some of the recent cases of the violence, the forms of abuse involved, and their overall impacts on the victims.
  • Domestic Violence Management and Budget Cuts On the other hand, the allocation of financial resources with the focus on awareness campaigns has also led to a lack of financial support for centres that provide the frontline services to victims of domestic […]
  • Domestic Violence Impact on Child Maltreatment Reporting The present research aims to address both the general population and social workers to examine the overall attitudes to the reporting of child maltreatment.
  • Domestic Violence and Married Couples’ Issues There are different types and causes of domestic violence, but the desire to take control over relationships is the most common cause.
  • Domestic Violence within the US Military In most of the recorded domestic violence cases, females are mostly the victims of the dispute while the males are the aggressors of the violence.
  • Domestic Violence and Bullying in Schools It also states the major variables related to bullying in schools. They will confirm that social-economic status, gender, and race can contribute to bullying in schools.
  • Campaign against Domestic Violence: Program Plan In addition, men who used to witness aggressive behavior at home or in the family as children, or learned about it from stories, are two times more disposed to practice violence against their partners than […]
  • Domestic Violence and Millennium Development Goals As a result, a review of the potential of MDGs for resolving the issue needs to analyze the contribution of the goals to the resolution of the instances, consequences, and causes of DV.
  • Domestic Violence Funding and Impact on Society The number of domestic violence cases in the US, both reported and unreported, is significant. The recent decision of Trump’s administration to reduce the expenses for domestic violence victims from $480,000,000 to $40,000,000 in the […]
  • Domestic Violence Perpetration and Its Predictors The implementation of sound research can help in addressing the problem and decreasing the incidence of domestic violence, which will contribute to the development of American society.
  • Gender Studies: Combating Domestic Violence The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of domestic violence, as well as the development of an action plan that can help in this situation.
  • Reflections on Domestic Violence in the Case of Dr. Mile Crawford Nevertheless, the only way out of this situation is to escape and seek help from the legal system. From a personal standpoint, to help her would be the right thing to do.
  • Domestic Violence as a Social Issue It is one of the main factors which stimulate the study’s conduction, and among the rest, one can also mention the number of unexplored violence questions yet to be answered.
  • Help-Seeking Amongst Women Survivors of Domestic Violence First, the article explains the necessity of the research conduction, which includes the relevance of the abuse problem and the drawbacks of solving and studying it.
  • One-Group Posttest-Only Design in the Context of Domestic Violence Problem This application must unveil the risks and their solutions by researching the variables and the threats to the validity of the research.
  • Domestic Violence and Repeat Victimisation Theory Domestic violence is a crime which often happens because of a bad relationship between a man and woman and usually continues to be repeated until one of the parties leaves the relationship; hence victims of […]
  • Domestic Violence in Marriage and Family While there are enormous reports of intimate partner homicides, murders, rapes, and assaults, it is important to note that victims of all this violence find it very difficult to explain the matter and incidents to […]
  • Facts About Domestic Violence All aspects of the society – which starts from the smallest unit, that is the family, to the church and even to the government sectors are all keen on finding solutions on how to eliminate, […]
  • Domestic Violence and Honor Killing Analysis Justice and gender equality are important aspects of the totality of mankind that measure social and economic development in the world. The cultural justification is to maintain the dignity and seniority framework of the family.
  • Domestic Violence in the Organizations Despite the fact that on average the literacy rate and the rate of civilization in the world has been increasing in the past few decades, the statistics for domestic violence have been increasing on an […]
  • Domestic Violence and Conflict Theory in Society The Conflict Theory explains remarkable events in history and the changing patterns of race and gender relations and also emphasizes the struggles to explain the impact of technological development on society and the changes to […]
  • Environmental Trends and Conditions: Domestic Violence in the Workplace Despite the fact that on average the literacy rate and the rate of civilization in the world have been increasing in the past few decades, the statistics for domestic violence have been increasing on an […]
  • Substance Abuse and Domestic Violence: Comprehensive Discussion Substance abuse refers to the misuse of a drug or any other chemical resulting in its dependence, leading to harmful mental and physical effects to the individual and the wellbeing of the society.
  • Federal and State Legislative Action on Domestic Violence In 2004, the state of New York decided to look into some of the ways of preventing this form of domestic violence by forming an Office for the Prevention of Domestic Violence in 2005, employers […]
  • Domestic or Intimate Partner Violence Intervention Purpose of the study: The safety promoting behavior of the abused women is to be increased using a telephone intervention. They were allocated to either of the groups by virtue of the week of enrolment […]
  • Power and Control: Domestic Violence in America The abusive spouse wants to feel powerful and in control of the family so he, usually the abusive spouse is the man, beats his wife and children to assert his superiority.
  • Alcohol and Domestic Violence in Day-To-Day Social Life My paper will have a comprehensive literature review that will seek to analyze the above topic in order to assist the reader understand the alcohol contributions in the domestic and social violence in our society.
  • Domestic Violence Types and Causes This is acknowledged by the law in most countries of the world as one of the most brutal symbols of inequality.
  • Parenting in Battered Women: The Effects of Domestic Violence In this study, ‘Parenting in Battered Women: The Effects of Domestic Violence on Women and their Children,’ Alytia A. It is commendable that at this stage in stating the problem the journalists seek to conclude […]
  • Domestic Violence and Women in Abusive Relationships Despite the fact the author of the article discusses a controversial problem of domestic violence against women based on the data from recent researches and focusing on such causes for violence as the problematic economic […]
  • Family and Domestic Violence: Enhancing Protective Factors Current partner Previous partner Percentage of children When children are exposed to violence, they encounter numerous difficulties in their various levels of development.
  • Supporting Female Victims of Domestic Violence and Abuse: NGO Establishment The presence of such a model continues to transform lives and make it easier for more women to support and provide basic education to their children.
  • Educational Program on Domestic Violence The reason why I have chosen this as the topic for my educational program is that victims of domestic violence often feel that they do not have any rights and hence are compelled to live […]
  • An Investigation on Domestic Violence This particular experiment aimed to evaluate the nature of relationship and the magnitude of domestic violence meted on either of the partners.
  • Domestic Violence and Diversion Strategies of Drug Offenders in Australian The article is very informative since outlines a couple of the reasons behind the rampant increase in cases of negligence and lack of concern, especially from the government.
  • “The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment” by Sherman and Berk The experiment conducted by the authors throws light on the three stages of the research circle. This is one of the arguments that can be advanced.
  • Domestic Violence Among Police Officers The objective of this research is to establish the level of domestic violence among police officers and relative the behavior to stress, divorce, police subculture, and child mistreatment.
  • Victimology and Domestic Violence In this situation there are many victims; Anne is a victim of domestic violence and the children are also victims of the same as well as the tragic death of their father.
  • Domestic Violence: Qualitative & Quantitative Research This research seeks to determine the impacts of domestic violence orders in reducing the escalating cases of family brutality in most households. N1: There is a significant relationship between domestic violence orders and the occurrence […]
  • Domestic Violence: How Is It Adressed? At this stage, when the family members of the battered women do this to them, it becomes the responsibility of the people to do something about this.
  • Domestic Violence and Home Visit Intervention As the study concludes, despite the increase in general awareness concerning domestic violence cases, it is still a significant threat to the victims and their children.
  • Ambivalence on Part of the Police in Response to Domestic Violence The police have been accused of ambivalence by their dismissive attitudes and through sexism and empathy towards perpetrators of violence against women.
  • The Roles of Domestic Violence Advocates Domestic conflict advocates assist victims in getting the help needed to cope and move forward. Moreover, these advocates help the survivors in communicating to employers, family members, and lawyers.
  • Domestic Violence and Suicide Risk Hence, considering these facts, it is necessary to put the notion of suicide risk in perspective when related to the issue of domestic violence.
  • Domestic Violence Counselling Program Evaluation The evaluation will be based upon the mission of the program and the objectives it states for the participants. The counselors arrange treatment for both sides of the conflict: the victims and offenders, and special […]
  • Alcoholism, Domestic Violence and Drug Abuse Kaur and Ajinkya researched to investigate the “psychological impact of adult alcoholism on spouses and children”. The work of Kaur and Ajinkya, reveals a link between chronic alcoholism and emotional problems on the spouse and […]
  • Annotated Bibliography on Domestic Violence Against Women They evaluate 134 studies from various countries that provide enough evidence of the prevalence of domestic violence against women and the adverse effects the vice has had for a decade.
  • Domestic Violence Prevention and Restraining Order Since upon the expiry of a restraining order, a victim can file a renewal petition the current task is to determine whether the original DVRO of our client has expired, the burden of obtaining a […]
  • Rachel Louise Snyder’s Research on Domestic Violence Language and framing play a significant role in manipulating people’s understanding of domestic violence and the nature of the problem. However, it is challenging to gather precise data on the affected people and keep track […]
  • Domestic Violence and COVID-19 in the United States Anurudran et al.argue that the new measures taken to fight COVID-19 infections heightened the risk of domestic abuse. The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID 19 on domestic violence.
  • Domestic Violence and COVID-19: Literature Review The “stay safe, stay at home” mantra used by the governments and public health organizations was the opposite of safety for the victims of domestic violence.
  • What Causes Domestic Violence? Domestic abuse, which is also known as domestic violence, is a dominance of one family member over another or the other. As a result, the probability of them becoming abusers later in life is considerably […]
  • Educational Group Session on Domestic Violence This will be the first counseling activity where the counselor assists the women to appreciate the concepts of domestic violence and the ways of identifying the various kinds of violence.
  • Domestic Violence Investigation Procedure If they claim guilty, the case is proceeded to the hearing to estimate the sentencing based on the defendant’s criminal record and the scope of assault. The issue of domestic abuse in households is terrifyingly […]
  • Environmental Scan for Hart City Domestic Violence Resource Center In particular, it identifies the target population, outlines the key resources, and provides an overview of data sources for assessing key factors and trends that may affect the Resource Center in the future.
  • The Domestic Violence Arrest Laws According to the National Institute of Justice, mandatory arrest laws are the most prevalent in US states, indicating a widespread agreement on their effectiveness.
  • Educational Services for Children in Domestic Violence Shelters In order to meet the objectives of the research, Chanmugam et al.needed to reach out to the representatives of emergency domestic violence shelters located in the state of Texas well-aware of the shelters’ and schools’ […]
  • Domestic Violence, Child Abuse, or Elder Abuse In every health facility, a nurse who notices the signs of abuse and domestic violence must report them to the relevant authorities.
  • Financial Insecurity: Impact on Domestic Violence Therefore, this problem is global and widespread, and it would be wrong to assume that spousal abuse only exists when couples are poor.
  • Healthcare Testing of a Domestic Violence Victim Accordingly, the negative aspects of this exam include difficulties in identifying and predicting the further outcome of events and the course of side effects.
  • Domestic Violence and Primordial Prevention In addition, the promotion of social norms against violence and increased penalties for domestic and sexual abuse need to be supported at the legislative level.
  • Intersectionality in Domestic Violence Another way an organization that serves racial minorities may address the unique needs of domestic violence victims is to offer additional educational and consultancy activities for women of color.
  • Domestic Violence Ethical Dilemmas in Criminal Justice Various ethical issues such as the code of silence, the mental status of the offender, and limited evidence play a vital role in challenging the discretion of police officers in arresting the DV perpetrators.
  • Domestic Violence and Its Main Signs In general, the providers should be able to identify the markers of abuse by paying closer attention to the people they serve, treat, teach, or work with.
  • Domestic Violence Against Women in Melbourne Thus, it is possible to introduce the hypothesis that unemployment and related financial struggles determined by pandemic restrictions lead to increased rates of domestic violence against women in Melbourne.
  • What Is the Purpose of Studying Domestic Violence?
  • What Does Theory Explain Domestic Violence?
  • What Is the Difference Between Ipv and Domestic Violence?
  • What Age Group Does Domestic Violence Affect Most?
  • When Domestic Violence Becomes the Norm?
  • How Are Domestic Violence Problems Solved in American and Other Cultures?
  • What Are the 3 Phases in the Domestic Violence Cycle?
  • How Can Domestic Violence Be Explained?
  • How Many Deaths Are Caused by Domestic Violence?
  • When Was Domestic Violence First Defined?
  • How Is a Domestic Violence Prevention?
  • How Race, Class, and Gender Influences Domestic Violence?
  • Why Do Victims of Abuse Sometimes Stay Silent?
  • How Does Domestic Violence Affect the Brain?
  • Is Mental Illness Often Associated With Domestic Violence?
  • How Does Domestic Violence Affect a Person Emotionally?
  • How Does Domestic Violence Affect Children’s Cognitive Development?
  • Why Should Employers Pay Attention to Domestic Violence?
  • What Are the Causes of Domestic Violence?
  • What Country Has the Highest Rate of Domestic Violence?
  • How Does Domestic Violence Affect the Lives of Its Victims?
  • What Are the Possible Causes and Signs of Domestic Violence?
  • How Does Socioeconomic Status Affect Domestic Violence?
  • How Does the Australian Criminal Justice System Respond to Domestic Violence?
  • How Does Culture Affect Domestic Violence in the UK?
  • What Is the Psychology of an Abuser?
  • What Is Police Doing About Domestic Violence?
  • How Does the Government Define Domestic Violence?
  • What Profession Has the Highest Rate of Domestic Violence?
  • What Percent of Domestic Violence Is Alcohol-Related?
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IvyPanda. (2023, November 8). 148 Domestic Violence Topics & Essay Examples. https://ivypanda.com/essays/topic/domestic-violence-essay-examples/

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UN Women Strategic Plan 2022-2025

Push forward: 10 ways to end violence against women

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Push forward: 10 ways to end violence against women

Violence against women and girls remains the most pervasive human rights violation in the world, affecting more than 1 in 3 women—a figure that has remained largely unchanged over the last decade.

Global emergencies, crises and conflict have further intensified violence against women and girls and exacerbated the drivers and risk factors. Climate change is aggravating all types of gender-based violence against women and girls, an already visible pattern that will undoubtedly grow more extreme as the crisis worsens. Rapidly expanding digitalization is increasing online violence against women and girls, compounding existing forms of violence and leading to the emergence of new ones. At the same time, there has been a rise in anti-rights movements and anti-feminist groups, driving an expansion of regressive laws and policies, a backlash against women’s rights organizations and a spike in attacks against women human rights defenders and activists.

In this context, ending violence against women might seem unimaginable, but it isn’t. Large-scale reductions in violence against women can be achieved through feminist activism and advocacy coupled with coordinated action across justice, health, financial and other sectors . Recent evidence suggests that strong and autonomous feminist movements are the most critical factor in driving change .

Ending violence against women is everyone’s business. This 16 Days, show your solidarity with feminist movements and advocates around the world. Whether you’re a seasoned activist or just getting started, here are ten ways you can act now to end violence against women and girls:

1. Speak up, speak out

Violence against women is pervasive, but it’s not inevitable—unless we stay silent. In the face of rising anti-feminist movements, it’s more crucial than ever that we speak up and out.

Taboos around gender-based violence provide perpetrators with impunity and prevent women and girls from getting the help they need: less than 40 per cent of women who experience violence seek help of any sort.

Let survivors and activists know you stand with them. Amplify their voices and stories. Create spaces for dialogue, both in person and online.

Not sure where to start? Share some of the activist stories from our editorial package , and check out our social media package for more shareable assets. Or use #OrangeTheWorld, #16Days and #PushForward to start your own conversation about gender-based violence.

2. Know the issue—and the signs

Violence against women takes many forms. It can be physical, sexual or emotional. It can be public or private, online or off, perpetrated by a stranger or an intimate partner. Regardless of how, where, or why it happens, it has serious short- and long-term consequences for women and girls and serves to prevent their full and equal participation in society.

Know what to look for by familiarizing yourself with the different kinds of violence: https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/faqs/types-of-violence

If you think someone in your life might be suffering from abuse, there are common signs you can look for. Learn more about what abuse looks like, and how you can help: https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/faqs/signs-of-abuse

3. Call out sexual harassment

For many women, sexual harassment is a daily experience. Whether it’s online, on the street or in the workplace, brushing off inappropriate behavior serves to further normalize it.

Common forms of harassment like online bullying, catcalling, sexual comments and sexual jokes serve to make women and girls feel unwelcome and unsafe in public spaces. They help to reinforce biases and stereotypes that perpetuate misogyny. And they contribute to a culture of impunity, in which women can be harmed without consequence.

Create a safer environment for everyone online and offline by challenging your peers to reflect on their own behaviour and speaking up when someone crosses the line, or by enlisting the help of others if you don’t feel safe.

For more on why it’s important to report online harassment and violence against women, check out this interview with digital rights activist Marwa Azelmat:  https://www.unwomen.org/en/news-stories/feature-story/2022/11/pushing-forward-preventing-violence-against-women-in-online-spaces

4. Challenge beliefs on masculinity

Toxic masculinity drives violence against women.

Evidence shows that women in relationships with men whose beliefs and behaviours reinforce male dominance and gender inequality are more likely to experience intimate partner violence.

Traditional concepts of masculinity tend to emphasize traits like aggression, strength and control—while disparaging sensitivity, empathy, vulnerability and other traits traditionally associated with femininity.

When we fail to challenge these beliefs, everyone loses. Reflect on your own ideas about masculinity and femininity, and think critically about depictions of gender in media and culture. Support the men and boys in your life to embrace caretaking, emotional expression and other traditionally non-masculine traits.

5. Fund women’s organizations

Investing in women’s movements matters.

Evidence shows that a strong and autonomous feminist movement is the most crucial factor in driving policy change on gender-based violence. But women’s rights organizations, key drivers of feminist mobilization, are increasingly being defunded, sidelined and silenced in decision-making spaces.

Increasing long-term funding to women’s rights organizations is key to finding effective solutions to prevent and respond to violence against women.

Donate to local organizations that empower women, support survivors and promote actions and policies designed to reduce and prevent violence.

UN Women works with women’s organizations around the world to end violence against women and secure equal rights for women and girls. Donate here: https://donate.unwomen.org/en .

6. Call for better responses and services

Services for women and girls experiencing violence can be the difference between life and death.

This means that shelters, hotlines, counseling and all support for survivors of gender-based violence need to be available for those in need, even during crises and emergencies.

Every year, the 16 Days of Activism campaign calls for united, global action to end all forms of violence against women and girls.

Join us in calling on governments to bridge funding gaps to address violence against women and girls, ensure essential services for survivors of violence are maintained during crisis and conflict, implement prevention measures, and invest in adapting and improving life-saving services for women and girls in diverse contexts.

Get more involved by volunteering at a local women’s shelter, donating clothes or supplies, or training to become a crisis counselor.

7. Demand more data

To effectively combat gender-based violence, we need to understand the issue. 

Relevant data collection is key to implementing successful prevention measures and providing survivors with the right support. And yet the collection of sex-disaggregated and other crucial gender data remains a low priority for governments.

As gender-based violence has spiked due to COVID-19, climate change and other crises, the gaps in gender sensitive data collection have become more glaring than ever. Call on your government to invest in the collection of data on gender-based violence.

8. Push for stronger laws

We are still 21 years away from comprehensive laws banning violence against women to be in place globally.

The world needs stronger protection mechanisms to prevent and eliminate violence, harassment, threats, intimidation, and discrimination against women human rights defenders and women’s rights advocates and activists.

Find out about the laws in your country: https://evaw-global-database.unwomen.org/en . Call on your government to strengthen legal frameworks, and help raise awareness about the gaps. Start or join a protest, support a legal advocacy group, and educate yourself on the stances of political candidates and representatives.

9. Support women’s leadership

During COVID-19, women were vastly underrepresented on recovery task forces—a disparity reflected in the insufficiency of government responses to gender-specific issues like heightened domestic violence.

The same is true for climate action, peacebuilding, and a whole host of other issues: when women aren’t at the table, their voices aren’t being heard. That makes it all too easy for decision-making bodies to overlook crucial gaps in policies and financing.

Women’s representation in decision-making spaces helps to ensure that the needs of women and girls are front and center—in crisis responses, humanitarian and peace agreements and policies of all kind. At the same time, women leaders face heightened risk of violence: across 5 regions, 82 per cent of women parliamentarians reported experiencing some form of psychological violence during their terms. 

Call for women’s increased representation in leadership, and for heightened protections for women in positions of power. Support women political candidates and women-led organizations and companies. Or take matters into your own hands—become the woman leader you want to see in the world.

10. Build solidarity with other movements

We’re stronger when we work together.

Violence against women and girls is inherently connected to other forms of harm and injustice, including racism, homophobia, xenophobia, ableism, poverty, and climate change.

Strengthen the fight against gender-based violence by getting involved in other social and political movements, and getting activists from those movements involved in yours.

Together, we can resist the rollback on women’s rights, amplify the demands of feminist movements across the world and push forward to end violence against women and girls once and for all.

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4 Effective Solutions To Domestic Violence

Christiana Njoku is a certified relationship coach and marriage mentor from the prestigious Institute for Marriage and Family Affairs in Stafford, USA. A seasoned relationship... Read More

Sylvia Smith shares insights on love revitalization and conscious living. She believes purposeful actions can transform relationships into happier, healthier ones.

essay on solutions to domestic violence

In This Article

Domestic violence is more than just a relationship issue; it is a crime. Solutions to domestic violence need to include both short and long-term strategies. 

Short-term strategies should be made up of assistance programs that defend people who have witnessed or are currently being abused. 

They frequently focus on the critical period faced by the victim after they leave home and are provided with food, shelter, and guidance. This is when the woman or man who is the victim of abuse is most vulnerable. 

It is the time that the victim seeks retribution from the abuser or when she may be forced to go back to the house out of desperation. 

Long-term strategies aim to educate the public and empower the victim to reinstate her life without violence. It also includes developing programs that create an atmosphere against domestic violence in the community.

What is domestic violence?

Domestic violence involves various types of abuse , including physical assaults, verbal attacks, and emotional manipulation. 

If you are in a domestic violence situation, you may wonder about ways to stop domestic violence, but the reality is that relationships with domestic violence rarely improve. 

Given the numerous types of domestic violence, there are also a variety of adverse effects associated with being a victim of domestic violence. These include: 

  • Losing a sense of individuality 
  • Adverse effects on children, such as the inability to express empathy 
  • Lack of confidence
  • Isolation from family and friends
  • Feelings of incompetence 
  • Dependence upon the abuser
  • Feeling helpless or paralyzed 
  • Doubting your ability to take care of yourself
  • Becoming depressed or anxious 

How can we prevent domestic violence

Precaution is better than figuring out the cure once the damage has happened. It is better to take care of things when you have the time than to try to set things right after things have gone wrong. 

Setting the right foundation for a relationship can ensure that there is no scope for domestic violence to exist or escalate. There are limits set that ensure both partners’ mutual respect and protection.

You can learn more about the compelling ways for domestic violence prevention to better handle these critical situations.

4 effective solutions to domestic violence

Any intervention given to the survivors of domestic violence needs to include interrelationships among health, legal, and social sectors to ensure that stability is maintained and that the victim is not constantly referred to a new agency. 

One ground-breaking strategy is to use “family crisis centers” or “victim advocates” to serve as the victim’s connection to several sectors.

Solutions to domestic violence can be provided in the following forms:

1. Availability of crisis intervention strategies

One of the most important solutions to domestic violence is a set of resources that are readily available at the 

  • Provision of crisis intervention services
  • The use of crisis hotlines
  •  Provision of shelters or other emergency residential facilities
  •  Provision of medical services
  •  Supply of adequate transportation networks
  •  Enactment of laws that allow the victims of abuse or the abusers to be taken away from home.

2. Provision of emotional support

The abuse victims need to be provided with emotional support when looking for solutions to domestic violence. You can use the following means for this:

  • Provision of self-help through support groups
  • Provision of assertiveness training to the victims of abuse
  • Helping the victims to build self-esteem and self-confidence
  • Organizing sessions that teach people solutions to domestic violence
  • Developing courses on parenting skills

3. Provision of advocacy and legal assistance

The advocacy and legal assistance programs are an important aspect of the solutions to domestic violence. These need to include the following:

  • Access to and custody of children
  • Solving issues with property distribution among the partners
  • Provision of financial support
  • The use of restraining orders against the abuser
  • Provision of public assistance benefits
  • Helping victims gain immigration status

4. Provision of supplementary support services:

Solutions to domestic violence also include:

  • Provision of housing and safe accommodations
  • Provision of childcare
  • Making it easy for victims to access the community services

Researchers think that the best solution for domestic violence is to prevent people from becoming abusers in the first place. A lot of strategies concerning this show that this is possible.

Extensive, cultural messages usually make a difference not merely in what youngsters witness and hear from their families and neighbors but also from those who are their role models on television and in sporting arenas.

Additionally, several researchers think that children can potentially be directly trained at their schools and by their parents about the steps to end domestic violence.

The researchers believe that children should be taught how men should treat women and the appropriate ways to suitably express their emotions.

According to  Christiana Njoku , a licensed professional counselor and relationship coach:

Men also go through a whole lot and have emotions to express, but most times, they suppress their emotions because society expects them not to cry.

Boys and men should be raised with the knowledge that it is okay for men to cry and show some “weak” emotions and that the emotion of anger should not be the only acceptable emotion for boys.

Again, implementing the following will go a long way in providing lasting solutions to domestic violence:

  • Make penalties for domestic violence consistent and firm
  • Amplify funding for support services
  • Alter and redesign the way family courts preside over cases of domestic violence
  • Assist women to be economically and otherwise independent

Violence is never okay

If you are in a domestic violence situation, you must have a safety plan during a crisis or episode of violence. This safety plan for how to prevent domestic violence includes what you will do in an emergency that requires you to leave in a hurry.

As Christiana Njoku further says:

A relationship characterized by violence is not healthy and is never a place to be. Avoid it like a plague!

You should work out the safety plan details, including where you will go and how you will be able to leave quickly. 

This may involve keeping your wallet or keys in an easily accessible location or having someone you can call to come and get you in case of an emergency. 

If you have children, including them in the fight against domestic violence may be necessary, including teaching them how to call 911. You may also have a code word you can use to communicate to your children that they need to call the police. 

Your safety plan for reducing domestic violence may include ways to stop domestic violence or reduce the risk of injury during a crisis. 

A safety plan for how to deal with domestic violence can include how you will stay safe during a crisis, as well as how you will stay safe when you prepare to leave the domestic violence situation permanently. 

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Sylvia Smith loves to share insights on how couples can revitalize their love lives in and out of the bedroom. As a writer at Marriage.com, she is a big believer in living consciously and encourages couples to adopt this principle Read more in their lives too. Sylvia believes that every couple can transform their relationship into a happier, healthier one by taking purposeful and wholehearted action. Read less

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Domestic violence against women: Recognize patterns, seek help

Domestic violence is a serious threat for many women. Know the signs of an abusive relationship and how to leave a dangerous situation.

Your partner apologizes and says the hurtful behavior won't happen again — but you fear it will. At times you wonder whether you're imagining the abuse, yet the emotional or physical pain you feel is real. If this sounds familiar, you might be experiencing domestic violence.

Recognize domestic violence

Domestic violence — also called intimate partner violence — occurs between people in an intimate relationship. Domestic violence can take many forms, including emotional, sexual and physical abuse and threats of abuse. Abuse by a partner can happen to anyone, but domestic violence is most often directed toward women. Domestic violence can happen in heterosexual and same-sex relationships.

Abusive relationships always involve an imbalance of power and control. An abuser uses intimidating, hurtful words and behaviors to control a partner.

It might not be easy to identify domestic violence at first. While some relationships are clearly abusive from the outset, abuse often starts subtly and gets worse over time. You might be experiencing domestic violence if you're in a relationship with someone who:

  • Calls you names, insults you or puts you down
  • Prevents or discourages you from going to work or school or seeing family members or friends
  • Tries to control how you spend money, where you go, what medicines you take or what you wear
  • Acts jealous or possessive or constantly accuses you of being unfaithful
  • Gets angry when drinking alcohol or using drugs
  • Threatens you with violence or a weapon
  • Hits, kicks, shoves, slaps, chokes or otherwise hurts you, your children or your pets
  • Forces you to have sex or engage in sexual acts against your will
  • Blames you for his or her violent behavior or tells you that you deserve it

If you're in a same-sex relationship or if you're bisexual or transgender, you might also be experiencing abuse if you're in a relationship with someone who:

  • Threatens to tell friends, family, colleagues or community members your sexual orientation or gender identity
  • Tells you that authorities won't help you because of your sexuality or gender identity
  • Justifies abuse by questioning your sexuality or gender identity

Pregnancy, children, family members and domestic violence

Sometimes domestic violence begins — or increases — during pregnancy. Domestic violence puts your health and the baby's health at risk. The danger continues after the baby is born.

Even if your child isn't abused, simply witnessing domestic violence can be harmful. Children who grow up in abusive homes are more likely to be abused and have behavioral problems than are other children. As adults, they're more likely to become abusers or think abuse is a normal part of relationships.

You might worry that telling the truth will further endanger you, your child or other family members — and that it might break up your family. But seeking help is the best way to protect yourself and your loved ones.

Break the cycle

If you're in an abusive situation, you might recognize this pattern:

  • Your abuser threatens violence.
  • Your abuser strikes.
  • Your abuser apologizes, promises to change and offers gifts.
  • The cycle repeats itself.

The longer you stay in an abusive relationship, the greater the physical and emotional toll. You might become depressed and anxious, or you might begin to doubt your ability to take care of yourself. You might feel helpless or paralyzed.

You may also wonder if the abuse is your fault — a common point of confusion among survivors of domestic abuse that may make it more difficult to seek help.

Don't take the blame

You may not be ready to seek help because you believe you're at least partially to blame for the abuse in the relationship. Reasons may include:

  • Your partner blames you for the violence in your relationship. Abusive partners rarely take responsibility for their actions.
  • Your partner only exhibits abusive behavior with you. Abusers are often concerned with outward appearances and may appear charming and stable to those outside of your relationship. This may cause you to believe that his or her actions can only be explained by something you've done.
  • Therapists and health care providers who see you alone or with your partner haven't detected a problem. If you haven't told your health care provider about the abuse, they may only take note of unhealthy patterns in your thinking or behavior. This can lead to a misdiagnosis. For example, survivors of intimate partner violence may develop symptoms that resemble chronic disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or fibromyalgia. Exposure to intimate partner violence also increases your risk of mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • You have acted out verbally or physically against your abuser, yelling, pushing or hitting your partner during conflicts. You may worry that you are abusive, but it's much more likely that you acted in self-defense or intense emotional distress. Your abuser may use such incidents to manipulate you, describing them as proof that you are the abusive partner.

If you're having trouble identifying what's happening, take a step back and look at larger patterns in your relationship. Then review the signs of domestic violence. In an abusive relationship, the person who routinely uses these behaviors is the abuser. The person on the receiving end is being abused.

Unique challenges

If you're an immigrant , you may be hesitant to seek help out of fear that you will be deported. Language barriers, lack of economic independence and limited social support can increase your isolation and your ability to access resources.

Laws in the United States guarantee protection from domestic abuse, regardless of your immigrant status. Free or low-cost resources are available, including lawyers, shelter and medical care for you and your children. You may also be eligible for legal protections that allow immigrants who experience domestic violence to stay in the United States.

Call a national domestic violence hotline for guidance. These services are free and protect your privacy.

  • If you're an older woman , you may face challenges related to your age and the length of your relationship. You may have grown up in a time when domestic violence was simply not discussed. You or your partner may have health problems that increase your dependency or sense of responsibility.
  • If you're in a same-sex relationship , you might be less likely to seek help after an assault if you don't want to disclose your sexual orientation. If you've been sexually assaulted by another woman, you might also fear that you won't be believed.

Still, the only way to break the cycle of domestic violence is to take action. Start by telling someone about the abuse, whether it's a friend, a loved one, a health care provider or another close contact. You can also call a national domestic violence hotline.

At first, you might find it hard to talk about the abuse. But understand that you are not alone and there are experts who can help you. You'll also likely feel relief and receive much-needed support.

Create a safety plan

Leaving an abuser can be dangerous. Consider taking these precautions:

  • Call a women's shelter or domestic violence hotline for advice. Make the call at a safe time — when the abuser isn't around — or from a friend's house or other safe location.
  • Pack an emergency bag that includes items you'll need when you leave, such as extra clothes and keys. Leave the bag in a safe place. Keep important personal papers, money and prescription medications handy so that you can take them with you on short notice.
  • Know exactly where you'll go and how you'll get there.

Protect your communication and location

An abuser can use technology to monitor your telephone and online communication and to track your location. If you're concerned for your safety, seek help. To maintain your privacy:

  • Use phones cautiously. Your abuser might intercept calls and listen to your conversations. An abusive partner might use caller ID, check your cellphone or search your phone billing records to see your call and texting history.
  • Use your home computer cautiously. Your abuser might use spyware to monitor your emails and the websites you visit. Consider using a computer at work, at the library or at a friend's house to seek help.
  • Turn off GPS devices. Your abuser might use a GPS device on your vehicle or your phone to pinpoint your location.
  • Frequently change your email password. Choose passwords that would be difficult for your abuser to guess.
  • Clear your viewing history. Follow your browser's instructions to clear any record of websites or graphics you've viewed.

Where to find help

In an emergency, call 911 or your local emergency number or law enforcement agency. The following resources also can help:

  • Someone you trust. Turn to a friend, loved one, neighbor, co-worker, or religious or spiritual adviser for support.
  • National Domestic Violence Hotline: 800-799-SAFE (800-799-7233; toll-free). Call the hotline for crisis intervention and referrals to resources, such as women's shelters.
  • Your health care provider. A health care provider typically will treat injuries and can refer you to safe housing and other local resources.
  • A local women's shelter or crisis center. Shelters and crisis centers typically provide 24-hour emergency shelter as well as advice on legal matters and advocacy and support services.
  • A counseling or mental health center. Counseling and support groups for women in abusive relationships are available in most communities.
  • A local court. A court can help you obtain a restraining order that legally mandates the abuser to stay away from you or face arrest. Local advocates might be available to help guide you through the process.

It can be hard to recognize or admit that you're in an abusive relationship — but help is available. Remember, no one deserves to be abused.

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  • Intimate partner violence. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/intimatepartnerviolence/index.html. Accessed March 4, 2022.
  • American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee Opinion No. 518. Intimate partner violence and women's health. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2012; doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318249ff74. Reaffirmed 2019.
  • Frequently asked questions about domestic violence. National Network to End Domestic Violence. https://nnedv.org/content/frequently-asked-questions-about-domestic-violence/. Accessed March 5, 2022.
  • Domestic and intimate partner violence. Office on Women's Health. https://www.womenshealth.gov/relationships-and-safety/domestic-violence. Accessed March 4, 2022.
  • AskMayoExpert. Intimate partner violence. Mayo Clinic; 2021.
  • Goldman L, et al., eds. Intimate partner violence. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 26th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 5, 2022.
  • Ferri FF. Intimate partner violence. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 5, 2022.
  • Internet & computer safety. National Network to End Domestic Violence. https://nnedv.org/content/internet-computer-safety/. Accessed March 5, 2022.
  • Technology safety & privacy: A toolkit for survivors. Technology Safety. https://www.techsafety.org/resources-survivors. Accessed March 5, 2022.
  • Intimate partner violence: A guide for psychiatrists treating IPV survivors. American Psychiatric Association. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/cultural-competency/education/intimate-partner-violence/women. Accessed March 5, 2022.
  • Domestic violence and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender relationships. National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. http://www.mmgconnect.com/projects/userfiles/File/DCE-STOP_NOW/NCADV_LGBT_Fact_Sheet.pdf. Accessed March 5, 2022.
  • Bakes K, et al. Intimate partner violence. In: Emergency Medicine Secrets. Elsevier: 2022. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed March 5, 2022.
  • What is domestic violence? National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. https://ncadv.org/learn-more. Accessed March 5, 2022.
  • Intimate partner abuse and relationship violence. American Psychological Association: Working Group on Intimate Partner Abuse and Relationship Violence. https://www.apa.org/about/division/activities/partner-abuse.pdf. Accessed March 5, 2022.
  • The myth of mutual abuse. National Domestic Violence Hotline. https://www.thehotline.org/resources/the-myth-of-mutual-abuse/. Accessed March 5, 2022.
  • Final recommendation statement: Intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/intimate-partner-violence-and-abuse-of-elderly-and-vulnerable-adults-screening. Accessed March 5, 2022.
  • Information on the legal rights available to immigrant victims of domestic violence in the United States and facts about immigrating on a marriage-based visa fact sheet. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. https://www.uscis.gov/archive/information-on-the-legal-rights-available-to-immigrant-victims-of-domestic-violence-in-the-united. Accessed March 5, 2022.
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Rachel Louise Snyder

We Keep Domestic Violence Shelters Secret. Who Is That Really Helping?

A figure looks into a greenhouse filled with colorful plants.

By Rachel Louise Snyder

Ms. Snyder is a contributing Opinion writer and the author of “No Visible Bruises: What We Don’t Know About Domestic Violence Can Kill Us.”

I once visited a domestic violence shelter in New England. It was a small, nondescript Cape Cod-style house, jammed between other similar houses, just blocks from the ocean. Sand crunched under my shoes on a sidewalk so narrow I could have reached my hand through the window and touched someone on the couch. It had three bedrooms and a shared kitchen and bath, beige walls and furniture and a single kitchen table that required eating in shifts. Enough room for maybe three families, if they crammed themselves into shared bedrooms. The house was anonymous, its mission both urgent and secret. But it was also depressing — and pretty typical, as far as shelters go.

Historically, shelters maintained secret locations under the belief that secrecy equals safety — that anything less than being fully underground meant that survivors would be tracked down by their abusers and either physically harmed or dragged back into their relationships.

In practical terms, this meant residents lived in houses like the one in New England, sequestered from whatever supports they may have had in their own communities. If they were caring for extended-family members, if they held down a job, if their kids played on sports teams, if they frequented a book club or had pets or belonged to the P.T.A., they relinquished all of this. Cutting them off from the world was the only way, even though it meant leaving their grandmother’s china and probably all their family photos and anything that couldn’t fit in one or two suitcases. In exchange, traumatized families were given temporary housing with other traumatized families behind walls and gates, often with shared bathrooms, kitchens, living rooms. While there has been a movement in recent years to improve shelters — many allow pets now, for example, and have improved facilities — there remains, among many domestic violence organizations, a reluctance to let go of this idea of secrecy.

And yet the reality is that most shelter locations are, if not known outright, easy to find. Neighbors know. Utility workers often know. Postal carriers know. And in an age of increasingly accessible technological surveillance, abusers know, too. Or can find out. As a result, this guiding philosophy of secrecy as safety is drawing scrutiny from advocates, policymakers and survivors. Calls for what are termed open or public shelters appear to be on the rise. Montana , Colorado , Michigan, California, North Carolina and Washington, D.C., have all opened public or semipublic shelters (semipublic means a shelter isn’t advertised, but those who know of it aren’t explicitly enjoined to secrecy).

Several months ago, I had an opportunity to tour one of these new shelters. Peace House opened in the fall of 2019 in Park City, Utah, with an explicit mission to be as public as possible. It takes steps to advertise its location, even optimizing the language on its website to make it easy for search engines like Google to find. A large sign out front announces both organization and address in large blue letters. It sits on a frontage road just off I-80.

As Kendra Wyckoff, the executive director, showed me around, she told me a story of how she’d come to work one morning to find a woman waiting in her car in the parking lot; she was fleeing her abusive partner, driving across the country, and had found Peace House through an internet search. Ms. Wyckoff got her inside — a shower, a meal, a rest — and in the morning she was on her way with a handful of gas cards and a shelter address for the next night. This kind of accessibility to a virtual stranger is highly unusual. Ms. Wyckoff said she used to answer a domestic violence hotline on which callers would ask if they were going to be stuck in a warehouselike space, or if they’d have shared bathrooms. It occurred to her that the secrecy of shelters worked both ways: It kept the public from knowing about them, but it also kept victims from services.

Today’s very public Peace House is the brainchild of Jane Baker Patten, the former executive director. Before this new building, Peace House was a tiny red house with five bedrooms, three bathrooms and a maximum capacity of 15 people.

As demand outgrew the building, Ms. Baker Patten realized it was an opportunity to rebuild not only physically, but also philosophically. She asked herself: What barriers existed to escaping abuse? What would safety look like in a place where you could entertain family and friends? A place you could disclose the address of on a job application? She spoke to community leaders, school officials, police officers, attorneys. She looked at models like the Ronald McDonald House and the Y.W.C.A. At the same time, in one conversation after another, Ms. Baker Patten realized that the tiny red house, far from being undisclosed, was known to just about anyone she asked. What was all the secrecy really doing beyond cutting victims off from anyone and anything they’d known?

It turns out she was on to something. In a 2020 report on open shelters, researchers concluded that “there is no longer a clear connection between a secret and inaccessible shelter location and the safety of survivor-residents.” In fact, the report noted, public shelters meant neighbors could help facilitate safety, advocates could partner with outside agencies to offer more programming, and informal support networks for things like child care and social engagements could continue. Far from putting survivors in danger, the report concluded, open shelters were in some ways more deliberate than secret ones about taking precautions around physical safety; at the same time, the researchers wrote, “they were able to provide survivors with an invaluable benefit: greater social connectedness.”

This reflects Peace House’s experience. In addition to administration and housing for up to 60 residents, it has classrooms, meditation rooms, counseling offices, a food pantry, a dog run, a playground, a roof deck, shared common areas, a child-care center and safe rooms in case someone unwanted does gain access. There are also programs on topics like healthy relationships, violence prevention and teenage dating violence that are intended to serve the community at large. Ms. Wyckoff said most people who attend come not from their campus but from outside, in Park City and beyond.

Safety is still paramount, of course: Peace House has five levels of security. Its architects, Kenton Peters and John Newell, told me they’d had to figure out how to move people through the building going from, say, security level four to security level zero — essentially a public area — while still maintaining safety. The administrative offices face the public; the housing looks toward the mountains but is hidden from the exterior grounds. The building buzzes directly into the police station, if needed, and officers know the layout of the facility. There is bullet-resistant glass, but also a welcoming reception area and art donated by local artists and galleries. The one thing Peace House does not have is secrecy. “If you’re going to allow it to be in the dark, then you’re going to get more dark,” Ms. Baker Patten said.

I’ve often wondered if there is any crime less discussed in the public square than domestic violence. Words like “private,” “intimate” and “domestic” — used alongside “violence” — imply that this crime is somehow different from other crimes; this crime must be concealed. There is no better symbol of this secrecy than the traditional domestic violence shelter.

Keeping shelters unknown makes them unknowable. It makes shame a central tenet in a victim’s life. As I walked around Peace House, I saw something else at work. I saw a community hub sending an entirely new message to domestic violence victims, one that said they were not alone. One that said the solution to domestic violence is a community responsibility. “When you’re public you’re not a mystery to your community,” Ms. Wyckoff told me. “It says this entire community is here for you.” It also says we all have a stake in the extraordinarily difficult task of rebuilding the lives of some of our most vulnerable citizens.

Rachel Louise Snyder ( @RLSWrites ) is a professor of literature and journalism at American University, and a New York Times contributing opinion writer. She is the author of numerous books including “Women We Buried, Women We Burned: A Memoir” and “No Visible Bruises: What We Don’t Know About Domestic Violence Can Kill Us.”

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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  • Iran J Psychiatry
  • v.16(1); 2021 Jan

Population-Based Approaches to Prevent Domestic Violence against Women Using a Systematic Review

Ebrahim babaee.

1 Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Community and Family Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Arash Tehrani-Banihashem

Mehran asadi-aliabadi, arghavan sheykholeslami, majid purabdollah.

2 Department of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Arezou Ashari

Marzieh nojomi.

3 Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada.

Objective: In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the existing strategies and interventions in domestic violence prevention to assess their effectiveness.

Method : To select studies, Pubmed, ISI, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, Ovid, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Elsevier databases were searched. Two authors reviewed all papers using established inclusion/ exclusion criteria. Finally, 18 articles were selected and met the inclusion criteria for assessment. Following the Cochrane quality assessment tool and AHRQ Standards, the studies were classified for quality rating based on design and performance quality. Two authors separately reviewed the studies and categorized them as good, fair, and poor quality.

Results: Most of the selected papers had fair- or poor-quality rating in terms of methodology quality. Different intervention methods had been used in these studies. Four studies focused on empowering women; 3, 4, and 2 studies were internet-based interventions, financial interventions, and relatively social interventions, respectively. Four interventions were also implemented in specific groups. All authors stated that interventions were effective.

Conclusion: Intervention methods should be fully in line with the characteristics of the participants. Environmental and cultural conditions and the role of the cause of violence are important elements in choosing the type of intervention. Interventions are not superior to each other because of their different applications.

Domestic violence (DV) can be a major health problem ( 1 ) and one of the causes of death and disability in women that depends on the local culture where the woman lives ( 2 ). Violence against women as a health concern is increasing ( 3 ). This issue will increase the demand for health services ( 4 ). DV can be physical, sexual, economic, and psychological ( 5 ). Scientific evidence suggests that DV causes physical injuries, gastrointestinal disorders, chronic pain syndrome, depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviors, and pregnancy problems, such as unwanted pregnancy, illegal abortion, and preterm labor ( 6 ).

Besides, this phenomenon can affect children in the future. Studies show that the risk of behavioral problems and emotional injuries in children who experience violence increases in the future ( 7 ).

According to a recent WHO report, 37% of Eastern Mediterranean countries have the highest rate of violence against women ( 8 ). Surveys show that the prevalence of violence against women varies from 27% to 83% between different communities, and this diversity may be due to cultural differences ( 9 , 10 ).

Recent studies in Iran show that about 66% of married women during the first year of their marriage have experienced some form of violence by their current or ex-spouse ( 9 ).

Although the problem of DV is very serious, it can be well screened for routine symptoms of DV during general health services ( 11 ). The ultimate goal is to stop the violence before it begins. For this purpose, it is important to understand the factors that trigger violence. Studies show that traditional misconceptions, low literacy levels, poor knowledge about women's rights, and lack of social support for abused women can lead to various forms of violence against women ( 1 ). Violence tracking is the first step in controlling DV ( 11 ). In contrast, any delay in the early detection of this phenomenon can cause serious harm to the well-being of women and children. Based on previous systematic review studies in Iran, various interventions and prevention methods have been used to control DV and overcome this social dilemma.

Despite recent information about the epidemiology of violence based on recent studies, there is still less evidence-based approaches in primary health care services for the prevention and control of DV against women. The assessment of different interventions to improve the well-being of affected women is still a key research priority ( 12 ). Thus, there is an urgent need to design complementary research with very robust and comprehensive research methods to evaluate the effectiveness of existing intimate partner violence (IPV) interventions. According to the available documentation, serval interventions have been designed to combat violence against women. Some of these interventions are specific to a particular type of violence. But nowadays, according to the documentation, there is a need for implementation of social support programs and interventions for women, children, and their partners. Also, it seems few randomized control trials (RCT) as a robust design have been performed in this field, and studies have reported that the results of the intervention were effective, but the quality of these studies should be assessed.

Finally, methods should be selected and designed to be effective, simple, accessible, and practicable for different demographic groups and health care settings. According to the mentioned evidence-based facts, in this research project, we aimed to evaluate the existing strategies and interventions in DV prevention, using a systematic review, to assess their effectiveness to choose the best applicable and effective methods.

Materials and Methods

Search Strategy and Study Screening Process

This systematic review was conducted in 2019. To select appropriate studies, an extensive search was conducted. Pubmed, ISI, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, Ovid, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Elsevier databases were searched to cover published articles from 2000 to 2019.To select studies, we used the keywords such as Domestic Violence Family, Violence Partner Abuse, Intimate Partner Violence, Abused, and Women. The type of included studies was intervention clinical trial, randomized controlled trial, and prevention trials. Therefore, these terms were used as keywords as well. Also, references of the selected articles were searched manually. Two researchers conducted the resource search process separately and eventually coordinated the selected studies. In the first searching phase, 921 articles were selected. Using manual searching, 58 related articles were found. Finally, 979 articles were selected. Duplicating articles were detected by one researcher and supervised by a subsequent researcher using EndNote (X8) software. The number of articles after this process reached 927. Then, the title and abstract of articles were evaluated based on inclusion criteria. Consequently, 78 articles met the inclusion criteria. By reviewing the full-texts of articles, 44 were excluded due to inappropriate content. Out of the remaining 34 articles, 16 were excluded considering their designs. Finally, 18 eligible studies were reviewed. Finding and Screening Flowchart were plotted using the PRISMA Flow Diagram Tool ( 13 ), which is reported in Figure 1.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

We considered all studies with a RCT design, as eligible for inclusion if they examined PICO as a tool ( Table1 ) for developing a search strategy for identifying potentially relevant studies in any topic about DV with prevention approach. We applied other restrictions in this review, such as studies related to the English language and their publication time was from 2000 to 2019. Also, articles whose full texts were not accessible were excluded.

Description of PICO Criteria Applied to the Selecting Studies

Quality Evaluation of Selected Articles (Risk of Bias Assessment)

The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool was used for the qualitative evaluation of the articles, considering the design of the papers that had the RCT methods ( 14 ). This tool has 7 criteria to assess the quality of articles in terms of bias. Articles were evaluated by 2 researchers using this tool separately. There was a 25% inconsistency between both researchers. To resolve the disagreement, a third-person re-evaluated and judged the disputes. Using the instructions of the Cochrane quality assessment tool, the studies were classified for quality rating, based on design and performance quality according to the AHRQ Standards. Therefore, the studies were categorized into 3 subgroups: good, fair, and poor quality ( 14 ). Table 2 illustrates these subgroups. Thereafter, data were entered into Review Manager Software (version: 5.3). The results are presented as the risk of bias graph (Figure 2) and the summary of the risk of bias graph (Figure 3).

Summary of Characteristics Domestic Violence Intervention Studies

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is IJPS-16-94-g001.jpg

PRISMA Flowchart Screening and Selection of Studies

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is IJPS-16-94-g002.jpg

Assessment of Methodological Quality of Selected Studies (Risk of Bias Graph)

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is IJPS-16-94-g003.jpg

Assessment of Methodological Quality of Selected Studies (Risk of Bias Summery)

As noted, after a comprehensive search and qualitative evaluation of studies, finally 18 articles were selected for evaluatation. Based on the included articles, to prevent and control the violence against women in different countries, different models have been applied to various groups. In included articles, DV against women has been considered physical, emotional, sexual, financial, etc, by the wife or partner of the woman. The results of the studies show various screening tools for violence. For example, some of these tools were used in primary health care ( 15 ), some for pregnant women ( 16 ), and some for men ( 17 ). Of the final selected papers, the oldest was in 2003 and the newest in 2018. All final selected articles had an RCT design. Based on selecting the population to perform the interventions, there were various target groups and intervention methods. Most studies focused on empowering women. In 3 studies, the internet sites had been applied to conduct interventions. Four studies had also evaluated economic interventions and financially empowerment methods in couples. Two studies had used kinds of social intervention. Follow-up times were different between studies, and in some studies, the follow-up period was 4 years. In all selected studies based on the study goal, a preventive intervention method was considered for the study target group. The control group consisted of those who either did not receive any intervention or received another intervention to compare the efficacy of the method applied to the intervention group or were under routine care and treatment. Also, it was found that to assess the effectiveness of interventional methods, the amount of inflicted violence on women was either self-reported or measured using standard measurement tools. Evaluation of the design and quality of these studies based on the relevant evaluation checklists indicated that all studies had strengths and weaknesses in the method of implementation and process of the research. Most of the papers were at the fair or poor-quality level in terms of methodology quality rating. The summary of the characteristics of reviewed studies in this project that met the inclusion criteria was reported in Table 2 .

Summary of Included Studies

Women Empowerment Interventions

In 4 included studies in this systematic review, women empowerment interventions were used to combat DV. The first study in this field was done in 2012 in china ( 18 ). Women aged 18 years or older with a positive screening for DV (n = 200) and small children were recruited to participate. The intervention was a community-based advocacy program, consisting of 2 components: empowerment and telephone social support. The intervention aimed to increase abused women’s safety and enhance their problem-solving ability. After the intervention, in the treatment group, the mean of safety behavior was increased almost a 5-fold significantly. The other study by Hannah in 2018, reported the reducing IPV in Spanish-Latinas speaking women ( 19 ). Inclusion criteria were having a history of IPV in the past 2 years and having a child of 4 to 12 years. The intervention was a community-based Moms’ Empowerment Program (MEP). MEP was used as an interpersonal relationship to empower women to increase women’s self-efficacy and reduce their self-blame. Although the sample size was not significant (intervention group = 55, control group = 40), the intervention ( 36 ) was significantly effective in the treatment group, especially physical violence. Because of the selection of specific groups of participants, the generalizability of the results was controversial. In a study by Jhumka Gupta, women over 18 years with at least 1-year marriage duration were involved ( 20 ). The intervention in this study was relatively different from the 2 previous studies. The control arm (n = 421) received VSLA (village savings and loan associations) and the treatment arm (n = 513) received VSLA and an 8-session gender dialogue group (GDG). The GDGs were developed between men and women to address household gender inequities and communication. Despite some methodological limitations, the results of this study were also effective in the VSLA-GDG group, but it was not significant. Another community-based intervention to empower women was in 2015 by Sandra ( 21 ). The intervention was a 10 session community- based therapeutic group program. The study included women who had a physical conflict and their children aged 6 and 12 years. Participants were categorized into 3 groups: mother-plus-child (n = 61), child-only (n = 62), and comparison group (n = 58). The intervention focused on enhancing women's skills, strengthening them in connecting to social support, and also empowering children to improve children's attitudes about DV to manage this health problem. This intervention with good methodological status like previously ( 37 ) had a moderate change in IPV prevention.

Interventions for Specific Groups

Out of 18 selected articles, in 5 the interventions were applied to specific groups. The applied interventions were also specific. In one study, the name of the intervention was the Green Dot program ( 22 ). In this method, male and female students (n = 89 707) were involved and received training about the types of violence (most sexual violence). These students had to train their friends as leaders. Although the study had a methodological limitation, at the end of the study, the different types of violence (especially sexual violence) and alcohol or drug-facilitated sex in schools reduced significantly. In the next study by Louisa Gilbert, drug user women were target groups ( 23 ). The aim was to assess the impact of RPRS (Relapse Prevention and Relationship Safety) to reduce IPV and prevent drug use in addicted women. According to experts, RPRS is suitable for women who experience different levels of violence and have multiple partners. The RPRS enables participants to avoid IPV and drug use by behavior changes and training suitable negotiation methods. After the intervention, in the RPRS group, about 5.3 times reduction in physical and sexual violence and 6 times in psychological violence was obtained. Another interesting study was applying religious methods (Happy Muslim Family Activities) to reduce DV. The study was conducted by Kasetchai Laeheem in 2017( 24 ). In this study, certain religious norms and practices have been used as an intervention in Thailand's Muslim population to control violence against women. This method used Islamic methods and teachings to change the behavior of the couples, improve their attitude, and reinforce their morality. Despite the limitations, violence in this study was also reduced significantly in the intervention group. In the fourth study, Jennifer et al in 2012 examined the effect of BALL intervention (Building A Lasting Love Intervention) to reduce violence on young African American pregnant girls (n = 72)( 25 ). This program focused on the signs of healthy versus unhealthy romantic relationships, personal relationship skill, and problem-solving techniques. Findings indicated that the program had some impact on IPV reduction in the treatment arm. In the last study, Jamila Mejdoubi evaluated the effect of nursing home care intervention to IPV control on 237 pregnant women ( 26 ). Women received approximately 50 nurse home visits during pregnancy, first-year, and second-year life of the child by trained nurses. During each home visit, the health status of the mother and child, mitigation of risk factors for IPV, and informing about consequences of IPV were intended. At the end of the study, about 50% reduction in violence (sexual, physical, and psychological) was obtained in the intervention group.

Internet Based Interventions

In 3 included studies, the internet-based interventions were applied. In the study of Jane Koziol-McLain conducted on 186 women aged 16 years and over, the study aimed to test the efficacy of a web-based safety decision aid to reduce IPV exposure by improving women's mental health ( 27 ). Participants were followed up for 1 year, and the study discovered that intervention was effective in reducing violence and depression symptoms. The next study in 2017 by Nancy E. Glass was conducted using the same methodology and yielded similar results ( 29 ). Other online intervention (KOCH) in 2017 by Joon Choi was designed to examine the impact of a short intervention for preventing and addressing IPV ( 28 ). About 55 Korean-American religious leaders were included in the study. The KOCH aimed to increase self-efficacy, knowledge of IPV, and improve attitudes that support IPV. After the 3-month follow-up, findings indicated that the intervention was effective and knowledge of clergy and their attitudes against IPV increased significantly.

Financial Interventions

Four studies have used financial interventions to reduce IPV. The first intervention (IMAGE) by Paul M Pronyk in 2005 aimed to assess a structural intervention on women aged 14-35 years in 8 matched villages ( 30 ). There were 3 groups: women who applied for loans (n = 843), women who were also living with loans applied women (n = 1455), and randomly selected women from that area (n = 2858). The intervention consisted of income-generating activities, gender roles, cultural beliefs, relationships, and IPV facts training curriculum. At the end of the study, the experience of IPV either physical or sexual reduced by 55%, and household economic wellbeing along social capital increased. The small number of clusters, short duration of follow-up, and biased reporting were several limitations of the study. The next intervention (Mashinani) by Clea Sarnquist was a woman empowering program through a combination of formal business training, microfinance, and IPV reduction activities ( 31 ). Women aged 18 years or older who were victims of DV were included. Women received their first loan and began their business activities according to their job plan. After 4 to 5 months of follow-up, the results showed that interventions affected increasing daily profits and decreasing DV. Another study by Kathryn L in 2015 was slightly different in terms of intervention and subjects ( 32 ). Researchers hypothesized that interventions on reducing IPV and economic abuse are not more effective on women married as child brides (<17 years). Women aged 18 years and older with no previous microfinance experience were eligible. The intervention aimed at the reduction of IPV and economic abuse using gender equality promotion activities. After the intervention, most forms of IPV were lower among women married as adults, and the study showed that interventions were less effective in women who are married at an early age. The last study by Anita Raja (CHARM intervention) in 2017 has particularly focused on women's economic empowerment ( 33 ). This research involved longitudinal examinations of women's financial independence and its associations with consequent incident IPV. The intervention was economic programs and gender equity training sessions. Eligible couples were women over 15 years with husbands aged 18-30 years. Finally, findings indicated that women's economic conflict with owning a bank account and involvement of married women with their husbands in business can reduce the occurrence and recurrence of IPV.

Other Interventions

Intervention in 2 studies was nearly social. The first study (SASA) by Tanya Abramsky in 2012 emphasized prevention violence and HIV/AIDS in women in African countries ( 34 ). SASA intervention used a community mobilization approach by changing the community attitudes, norms, behaviors, and ending of gender inequality and societal misconceptions to prevent violence against women. Participants in the study were men and women aged 18 to 49 years. After 4 years, in the intervention group, attitudes improved toward violence, and social support responses to helping affected women increased. The ESID intervention was another social method by Cris M. Sullivan in 2003 ( 35 ). In this intervention, the role of social professionals by making innovations was crucial. Female undergraduate students were used to conduct the intervention on shelter women after community psychological training. Training courses were about empathy and active listening skills, IPV facts, managing dangerous situations, and accessing community resources. This intervention was also effective, and results indicated that women in the treatment arm were significantly less likely to be abused again, and they also reported a higher quality of life and fewer difficulties in obtaining community resources.

In this systematic review, we examined the effectiveness of applied interventions and existing strategies to prevent IPV in 18 selected RCT articles. Reviewing the studies revealed that different interventions and therapeutic methods have been developed to control and reduce violence against women in different regions and countries. Included studies were also reviewed methodologically. Almost all articles received a fair- or poor-quality rating based on the Cochrane quality assessment tool. These limitations in the studies can preclude drawing any conclusions about the effectiveness of interventions.

Reviewing the papers also revealed that the selection of suitable screening tools, determining the amount of inflicted violence, and selecting effective methods to outcome assessment of interventions should be considered widely by researchers. The results of the studies showed that there are various screening tools for violence. For example, some of these tools were used in primary health care ( 15 ), some for pregnant women ( 16 ), and some for men. Based on included articles, very few studies to date have evaluated the effectiveness of screening programs to reduce violence or to improve women’s health. Also, data about the potential harms associated with these programs are lacking. Selecting the appropriate tool to assess outcomes of interventions is also controversial. Based on evidence, there is no complete consensus that the measurement of the recurrence of violence against individuals can be used as an appropriate tool to assess the effectiveness of interventional methods. Many researchers believe that most women do not have any control on re-violence over themselves ( 16 ). Furthermore, some insist on self-reporting by women, and there is great evidence that women underreport the violence and abuse against themselves ( 15 ).

In all reviewed articles, all authors stated that interventions were efficient, and there was no article declaring that the intervention was not effective. Likewise, most of the interventions were on women. Therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution.

Some studies have used the internet to intervene as an innovation. The researchers suggest that the online intervention provides a vehicle for creating awareness and action for change in a private space ( 27 , 38 ). Based on the evidence, online data collection may help reduce some biases, and online training can eliminate general barriers to participation ( 39 ). Although this method may apply to certain groups, many abused women seek information online, and available information typically is not tailored to their circumstances.

Reviewing selected studies revealed that social factors are very efficient in designing and implementing interventions. Considering this, the many goals on IPV prevention programs can be achieved by changing gender inequality behaviors and societal misconceptions. Due to cultural resistance, these changes may be slow. Based on the evidence, one of the causes of disability in women depends on the local culture in which they live ( 32 ). According to WHO, one of the most important roles of public health in controlling DV is addressing social and cultural norms related to gender that support IPV ( 40 ).

Results of papers also showed that the role of social education and individual skills in enhancing women's social capital and reducing violence is important. Education plays both direct and indirect roles in the prevention of IPV ( 41 ). Based on studies, a positive attitude toward male dominance, belief about women as a lower rank in the creation, and many other cultural gender inequities rationalize violence against women ( 42 ). Thus, it seems that social scientists should play an active role in creating positive societal change in women with abusive partners who needed access to a variety of community resources.

In several studies, children had participated in the interventions, and the methods were effective likewise. Children as witnesses of parental violence learn that violence is a way to deal with marital problems, and when they grow up, they will commit violence against their own families ( 43 ). This matter should be widely considered in future works that children need to understand the facts of violence and learn how to manage it.

There have been some economic empowerment programs that have yielded somewhat conflicting results to reduce IPV and decrease its health harms ( 44 ). Studies state that women's revenue formation or their higher-earning than men are associated with increased rather than a reduced chance for IPV ( 45 ). Experts emphasize that the financial empowerment of women can reduce the risk for IPV, especially if sponsored with attempting to improve gender equity norms ( 46 ). Based on the evidence, when norms do not accept women's employment well, these programs may not be effective in controlling IPV ( 47 ).

Religious leaders can be effective in reducing violence against women in some countries. Some studies have emphasized the use of the process of Islamic socialization to prevent IPV. Related specialists believe that promoting Muslims to participate in activities that develop their potential with emphasis on Islamic morality and ethics can prevent and solve the problem of aggressive behavior ( 48 ). It is recommended that such interventions be performed for other religions as well.

Appraising included studies also showed that more vulnerable groups, such as students, pregnant and addicted women, should be considered separately and receive appropriate intervention programs to prevent violence. The Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP) ( 49 ) and Bystander intervention programs were specifically effective interventions conducted on young high-risk pregnant women and students to reduce the probability of violence respectively ( 50 , 51 ).

In the ongoing systematic review, we had some potential weaknesses. We limited this systematic review to English-language articles with available full-text. These constraints can lead to potential publication bias. Also, the search process restricted to selecting papers with an RCT design, and very effective interventions may have been made with different designs in other languages. Finally, it seems that a scoping review or narrative review be the most appropriate method instead of the systematic review approach for assessing or responding to such a wide study objective. Despite these limitations, we believe that conducting extensive search and selecting a variety of interventional studies in sufficient numbers can be one of the strengths of our study.

Most of the selected papers had fair- or poor-quality rating in terms of methodology quality. Evaluating the included articles revealed that the intervention methods should be fully in line with the characteristics of the participants and the role of the cause of violence in the choice of intervention should not be ignored. Interventions are not superior to each other, because they are selected based on the type of violence and the target group. Further research using rigorous designs should be done to assess the effectiveness of existing methods to facilitate reductions in IPV exposure.

Acknowledgment

The research reported in this publication was supported by the Elite Researcher Grant Committee under award number 971358 from the National Institutes for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Tehran, Iran.

Conflict of Interest

The corresponding author reports grants from the National Institutes for Medical Research Development (NIMAD) during this study. Other authors report no conflict of interest.

Essay On Domestic Violence

500 words essay on domestic violence.

Domestic violence refers to the violence and abuse which happens in a domestic setting like cohabitation or marriage. It is important to remember that domestic violence is not just physical but any kind of behaviour that tries to gain power and control over the victim. It can affect people from all walks of life and it basically subjects towards a partner, spouse or intimate family member. Through an essay on domestic violence, we will go through its causes and effects.

essay on domestic violence

Causes of Domestic Violence

Often women and children are the soft targets of domestic violence. Domestic violence is a gruesome crime that also causes a number of deaths. Some of the most common causes of domestic violence are illiteracy and economical dependency on the menfolk.

The male-dominated society plays an important role in this problem. Further, dowry is also one of the leading causes which have the consequence of violence against newly-wed brides. In many parts of the world, physically assaulting women and passing horrendous remarks is common.

Moreover, children also become victims of this inhuman behaviour more than often. It is important to recognize the double standards and hypocrisy of society. A lot of the times, the abuser is either psychotic or requires psychological counselling.

However, in a more general term, domestic violence is the outcome of cumulative irresponsible behaviour which a section of society demonstrates. It is also important to note that solely the abuser is not just responsible but also those who allow this to happen and act as mere mute spectators.

Types of Domestic Violence

Domestic violence has many ill-effects which depend on the kind of domestic violence happening. It ranges from being physical to emotional and sexual to economic. A physical abuser uses physical force which injures the victim or endangers their life.

It includes hitting, punching, choking, slapping, and other kinds of violence. Moreover, the abuser also denies the victim medical care. Further, there is emotional abuse in which the person threatens and intimidates the victim. It also includes undermining their self-worth.

It includes threatening them with harm or public humiliation. Similarly, constant name-calling and criticism also count as emotional abuse. After that, we have sexual abuse in which the perpetrator uses force for unwanted sexual activity.

If your partner does not consent to it, it is forced which makes it sexual abuse. Finally, we have economic abuse where the abuser controls the victim’s money and their economic resources.

They do this to exert control on them and make them dependent solely on them. If your partner has to beg you for money, then it counts as economic abuse. This damages the self-esteem of the victim.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of the Essay on Domestic Violence

To conclude, domestic violence has many forms which include physical aggression like kicking and biting and it can also be sexual or emotional. It is essential to recognize the signs of domestic violence and report the abuser if it is happening around you or to you.

FAQ of Essay on Domestic Violence

Question 1: Why is domestic violence an issue?

Answer 1: Domestic violence has a major impact on the general health and wellbeing of individuals. It is because it causes physical injury, anxiety, depression. Moreover, it also impairs social skills and increases the likelihood that they will participate in practices harmful to their health, like self-harm or substance abuse.

Question 2: How does domestic violence affect a woman?

Answer 2: Domestic violence affects women in terms of ill health. It causes serious consequences on their mental and physical health which includes reproductive and sexual health. It also includes injuries, gynaecological problems, depression, suicide and more.

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Victim-survivors of domestic violence share how we can help them feel safer to disclose abuse

two women sit on a couch chatting

When Chloe's husband called her at the gym accusing her of lying about being there, a trainer was listening.

"She overheard the conversation and told me that if I needed someone to talk to, she could be available," Chloe (not her real name), aged in her 40s, says.

"I ended up talking to her straight away. She was kind and I felt that maybe a little piece of me could trust her.

"She spoke to me about a friend that she had who was going through a hard time with her husband. With her opening up to me, I felt I was able to talk to her about some of my experience."

Disclosing abuse can be incredibly difficult. Victim-survivors fear they won't be believed , often blame themselves, and have a lot of shame around the violence they are experiencing.

But there are ways we can help those in our lives feel safer to share.

We spoke to victim-survivors about what that looks like.

Names and some details have been changed or removed to protect the identity of contributors.

'They didn't normalise the abuse'

Mandy, aged in her 60s, Tasmania

I was married to an abuser for almost two decades and experienced all forms of abuse including physical, sexual, and psychological.

I didn't disclose to anyone throughout most of that time, until towards the end when I first tried to escape.

I went to a refuge. It was the first time I'd approached anyone outside of the home. I had disclosed to members of his family once, but they shut me down, and that only compounded the feeling that I had no reason to complain.

The people at the refuge didn't normalise my experience of abuse.

They told me I had nothing to be ashamed of for not telling anyone for so long.

They believed me. They didn't judge; they told me it wasn't my fault.

And something that changed my thinking was they also said it was not my responsibility to fix the abuse. They told me abusers choose to abuse, and the onus is entirely on them to stop.

That released me mentally. I was no longer captive. I was mentally ready to leave.

It took a further two years, but I had their words in my head.

I'd like for other victims to realise there is no shame in telling others about the abuse.

My abuser still has that secret, it's no longer mine to keep.

'Them believing me allowed me to collapse with relief'

Lauren, aged in her 40s, Tasmania

After years of family violence, my abuser had successfully convinced me his abuse was my fault.

The shame I felt that I was 'that woman' — the one who found herself in this situation, who let him do this, who gave my children this life — stopped me from telling anyone what was happening at home or asking for help.

I may never have got help if it was not for my young daughter who, in the safe space of her prep class with a teaching staff equipped to identify family violence, was able to disclose she was frightened her daddy would hurt her mummy while she was at school.

That day, as her teacher believed my child, she also believed me. And when she explained, alongside my GP, that they believed I may be experiencing family violence.

This allowed me to collapse with relief and tell my story.

There was none of the judgement, blame or shame I had been fearful of receiving, only reassurance, support and practical assistance towards securing safety for myself and my children.

In believing my child, and giving her a safe space to disclose her fears, her teacher gave us both a voice and may have saved our lives.

'They didn't get caught up in wanting to hear details'

Jex, 45, Sydney

I was in domestic violence situation for 10 years with my ex-wife.

As a queer person, the first thing I would look for [when seeking support] was a rainbow flag somewhere. Either looking at a website or a building, for example.

Then if I saw that, it would tell me I might be safe here.

The people who made me feel safest when disclosing were those who said: I believe you.

They didn't get caught up in wanting to hear detail, they just wanted to be there.

I didn't have to prove it to them. It's really common that people want to see bruises, and I could have shown them, but not always.

I had people say because I'm a man, why didn't I just hit her back?

I don't hit people.

The people who helped me feel confident to leave for good are the ones that sat by my side.

They didn't walk away.

building with rainbow pride flag draped over balcony

'Disclosing helped me safely leave'

When I met my ex-husband, I was connected to close friends and family.

However, even before we married, I had been masterfully separated from them.

I was afraid of the consequences of not agreeing with the narratives my ex-husband had constructed about my life.

On occasions when I was confronted by people about my changed behaviours, it felt like just that: confrontation, and this, ironically, confirmed my ex-husband's narrative.

Throughout my experience of family violence, my workplaces were my only connection to people outside of the relationship.

After 11 years of marriage, my first disclosure of family violence was to my work supervisor.

I did so because I thought she would believe me (she did) and would help me try to make sense of what I was experiencing (she did this too).

The confidential nature of the working relationship also attributed to my disclosure.

I also disclosed the violence because I was no longer able to manage my feelings of safety. My ex-husband's behaviours had become unpredictable, and I was scared.

This disclosure eventuated in my workplace supporting me to safely leave the relationship.

'It's harder to lie to a direct question like that'

Sarah, aged in her 40s, Tasmania

Without my psychologist, I'd still believe everything was my fault and be in an abusive relationship.

Without her help, I wouldn't have engaged with domestic violence services, ever realised how much danger I was in, and would still think nobody would believe me.

She provided a safe space and asked the right questions which allowed the truth to be disclosed naturally and voluntarily.

I learnt the words to describe what I was experiencing. These words gave me what I needed to regain control over my own mind.

There will always be a degree of risk when disclosing. I didn't plan on telling anyone.

I had people ask me if I was OK, but it wasn't until a doctor asked me directly, "Does he physically assault you?" that I answered, "Yes."

It's much harder to lie to a direct question like that.

They say it takes a village to raise a child, likewise it takes a village to help, support and protect a victim-survivor of abuse.

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Great argumentative essay topics on domestic violence with prompts, dr. wilson mn.

  • July 31, 2022
  • Essay Topics and Ideas , Samples

One of the most difficult parts of writing an argumentative essay is coming up with a topic and a thesis statement . Here’s a comprehensive list of Argumentative Essay Topics On Domestic Violence with Prompts.

Argumentative Essay Topics On Domestic Violence with Prompts

  • The consequences of domestic violence. Essay Prompt: Some people consider domestic violence a common thing in a household. What can it lead to? Give examples and suggest solutions.
  • Should domestic violence be taken seriously? Essay Prompt: Is domestic violence a common thing or a serious problem, which needs an immediate solution? Should women endure it?
  • Officer-Involved Domestic Violence, Essay Prompt: The number of officer-related domestic violence has been on the rise, which causes concern about the safety of the family members of police officers. The main reason domestic violence has been on the rise is the stressful work environment that police officers go through.
  • Theoretical Explanations for Domestic Violence Social Research Paper Essay Prompt: Domestic violence is one of the major societal problems experienced around the world. According to Guerin and Ortolan (2017), domestic violence encompasses aspects such as bullying, intimidation, and in extreme cases, murder perpetrated by an individual within a domestic setting.

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  • How Does Domestic Violence Influence Children’s Education? Essay Prompt: Domestic violence and education: examining the impact of domestic violence on young children, children, and young people and the potential role of schools. Frontiers in psychology. This article explores the adverse effects of domestic violence on children and the role of schools.
  • Types of domestic violence. Essay Prompt: Point out the ways women can be violated. What are the most dangerous ones? What are their consequences?
  • Domestic violence: a personal matter or an open problem? Essay Prompt: In this essay, discuss whether domestic violence should be kept in secret or brought out to publicity. Give your reasons.
  • Domestic violence: who is to blame? Essay Prompt: If a husband beats up his wife, is he a brute or does she really deserve it? Give your reasons.
  • Why women bear it. Essay Prompt: Try to find an answer to the question: why do women endure violence? Is it the absence of self-respect or the power of love? Give your reasons.
  • Domestic violence as the echo of the past. Essay Prompt: In the past, violence against women was acceptable and nowadays some men keep to such a stereotype. Is it reasonable to keep this “noble” tradition or should it become a thing of the past?

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Domestic violence argument topics

  • How to protect yourself from domestic violence? Essay Prompt: In this essay, you should make a research and point out ways to protect yourself from domestic tyranny. You may consult legislative documents.
  • I’m a victim: what to do? Essay Prompt: If one becomes a victim of domestic tyranny, what measures should be taken? How to punish the offender? Give examples.
  • Social services protecting victims of domestic violence. Essay Prompt: What are the social services protecting victims of violence? What are their functions? Do they really help?
  • How to recognize a despot. Essay Prompt: If husband has lifted his hand against wife once, he is sure to do it again and again. How can a tyrant be recognized and avoided? Offer your variants.
  • Punishment for offender. Essay Prompt: Consult special literature and comment how justice can punish a person blamed in domestic violence.
  • To forgive or not to forgive? Essay Prompt: Analyze the cases of domestic violence and decide whether tyranny can be forgiven. Decide whether it is reasonable, to give the offender one more chance. Explain why.
  • Domestic Violence, Child Abuse and Rape Violence Effects on Individual or Community Essay Prompt: Discuss your knowledge of the effects these three crimes have on individuals and society as a whole.
  • Negative Effects of Domestic Violence on Children Essay Prompt: This essay affirms that domestic violence poses a number of negative effects on children, including social development, brain development, and social behavior. (Domestic violence argument topics)
  • Why Domestic Violence Victims Don’t Leave Essay Prompt: There were surprising things in the video; for instance, the domestic violence follows predefined steps when the victim is new in the relationship.
  • Domestic Violence And Sociological Perspective Or Sociological Imagination Essay Prompt: Schools as Training Grounds for Domestic Violence and Sexual Harassment (Domestic violence argument topics)
  • Find out more on  Argumentative Essay Topics About Social Media [Updated]

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Essay on Domestic Violence

Domestic violence, a critical social issue, plagues numerous households worldwide. It’s a pattern of behavior in any relationship that is used to gain or maintain power and control over an intimate partner. This essay seeks to explore the multifaceted aspects of domestic violence, its psychological underpinnings, and the broader implications for society.

Domestic Violence

Domestic Violence involves physical, sexual, emotional, economic, or psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. It includes any behaviors that intimidate, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize, coerce, threaten, blame, hurt, injure, or wound someone.

Types of Domestic Violence

  • Physical Abuse : Hitting, slapping, shoving, grabbing, pinching, biting, hair pulling, etc., are types of physical abuse. It also includes denying a partner medical care or forcing alcohol/drug use.
  • Emotional Abuse : Undermining an individual’s sense of self-worth and/or self-esteem. This may include constant criticism, diminishing one’s abilities, name-calling, or damaging one’s relationship with their children.
  • Economic Abuse : Making or attempting to make an individual financially dependent by maintaining total control over financial resources, withholding access to money, or forbidding attendance at school or employment.
  • Sexual Abuse : Coercing or attempting to coerce any sexual contact or behavior without consent. This includes, but is not limited to, marital rape, attacks on sexual parts of the body, forcing sex after physical violence, and treating one in a sexually demeaning manner.
  • Psychological Abuse : Causing fear by intimidation; threatening physical harm to self, partner, children, or partner’s family or friends; destruction of pets and property; and forcing isolation from family, friends, or school and/or work.

The Psychology Behind Domestic Violence

Understanding the psychology behind domestic violence is complex. It often involves an intricate interplay of power, control, and deep-seated psychological issues.

  • Power and Control : Abusers often feel the need to exert dominance over their partner, stemming from deep insecurities and a desire to control.
  • Cycle of Abuse : Domestic violence usually follows a pattern known as the cycle of abuse, consisting of the tension-building phase, the abusive incident, the honeymoon phase, and calm before the cycle starts again.
  • Childhood Trauma : Many abusers have histories of traumatic childhoods, including physical or emotional abuse, which can perpetuate a cycle of violence.
  • Societal Influences : Societal norms and cultural backgrounds that perpetuate gender inequality and glorify aggression can contribute to domestic violence.

The Impact of Domestic Violence

The impact of domestic violence is profound and far-reaching.

  • Physical and Mental Health : Victims of domestic violence suffer from various physical ailments, mental health issues like depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and in extreme cases, death.
  • Impact on Children : Children who witness domestic violence are at increased risk for emotional and behavioral problems, and may repeat the cycle of violence in their own relationships.
  • Societal Cost : Domestic violence impacts society through increased healthcare costs, legal costs, and lost productivity.

Addressing Domestic Violence

Combating domestic violence requires a multifaceted approach:

  • Awareness and Education : Raising awareness about the signs of domestic violence and educating people about its unacceptable nature is crucial.
  • Support Systems : Robust support systems including hotlines, shelters, counseling, and legal assistance are vital for victims.
  • Legal Framework : Strong legal frameworks that protect victims and hold abusers accountable are essential.
  • Community Involvement : Community education and involvement in prevention programs are necessary to change societal norms and behaviors.

Writing About Domestic Violence

For students writing about domestic violence:

  • Use a Sensitive Tone : Given the delicate nature of the topic, it’s important to use a tone that is empathetic and respectful.
  • Incorporate Data and Research : Use statistics, studies, and research to provide a factual basis for the essay.
  • Personal Stories : While maintaining confidentiality and sensitivity, incorporating stories can provide powerful insights into the issue.
  • Discuss Solutions and Prevention : Go beyond outlining the problem to propose potential solutions and preventive measures.

In conclusion, Domestic violence is a complex issue that requires deep understanding and concerted efforts to address. It’s imperative to recognize the signs, understand the underlying causes, and work towards effective solutions. For students participating in essay writing competitions, delving into this topic is not only an academic exercise but also an opportunity to contribute to the critical discourse on this pressing social issue. By understanding and articulating the nuances of domestic violence, one can advocate for change and a safer, more equitable society.

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Home — Essay Samples — Law, Crime & Punishment — Domestic Violence — Domestic Violence: Uncovering the Dark Reality

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Domestic Violence: Uncovering The Dark Reality

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Adiche, Chimamanda Ngozi. Purple Hibiscus. Anchor Books, 2003.United Nations. 'Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women.' United Nations General Assembly, 1993.

According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, an estimated 1 in 4 women and 1 in 9 men experience severe intimate partner physical violence, intimate partner contact sexual violence, and/or intimate partner [...]

Domestic violence is a pervasive issue that affects millions of individuals worldwide, with alarming statistics highlighting its prevalence. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 1 in 3 women have experienced [...]

Domestic violence is a pervasive issue that affects millions of individuals and communities worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men have experienced physical and/or sexual [...]

For every second of this speech, there are 3 people worldwide that are victims to domestic violence.Good morning/afternoon, youth delegates, invited politicians, and activists. I stand before you today representing Australia as [...]

Domestic violence is defined as any event of controlling or threatening actions, regarding those aged 16 or older who are or have been intimate partners or family members. This can include but is not restricted to; [...]

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essay on solutions to domestic violence

Domestic Violence, Consequences and Solutions

Introduction.

Domestic violence is a burden of contemporary society. In the United States, there are more than ten million victims of violent actions every year (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2015). Cases of domestic violence can be found in any community. Their prevalence does not depend on age, social status, race, gender, or religion. Physical abuse is one of the aspects of family violence. It is frequently combined with emotional or sexual abuse thus involving not only physical injuries but also psychological traumas (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2015). Domestic violence is a primary concern of sociological services because it has an impact on the stability of the family and the health of the abuse victims. However, the issue of maternity is often left out in debates on domestic abuse. This aspect needs careful consideration because both the psychological and physical health of women can have a significant influence on their approaches to family planning, pregnancy, or care for children.

Any event which threatens or violates someone and occurs in a family or home environment between adults disregarding gender or sexual orientation is considered domestic abuse. Most of those cases are perpetrated by men against women. The abuse is not limited to physical actions that are more frequent and can also be mental, emotional, or financial. Intimate partner violence against women, which is the most common, influences both mental and physical health (Dillon, Hussain, Loxton, & Rahman, 2013). Moreover, it leads to victim-blaming attitudes among women (Gracia, 2014). Another aspect of domestic violence is abuse in pregnancy. Abuse in the perinatal period can cause negative obstetric outcomes and mental disorders (Howard, Oram, Galley, Trevillion, &Feder, 2013).

On the whole, this research is going to provide evidence that domestic abuse creates a hostile environment that is treated as dangerous to raise a child in by women. Another purpose is to discover potential reasons and conditions for domestic abuse. Moreover, the paper will analyze the influence of abuse on the decision-making process of women with or planning to have children. Thus, domestic abuse has a direct impact on maternity because women living in a hostile environment feel that the conditions are dangerous to personal health and the well-being of a child

Problem Definition

There are many investigations dedicated to the issue of domestic violence and its consequences. Since most cases of abuse are against women, it is necessary to review the peculiarities of their reactions to abuse. Intimate partner violence is a frequent abuse and thus became a public health and social concern over the world. According to the World Health Organization (as cited in Dillon, Hussain, Loxton, & Rahman, 2013, p. 1), intimate partner violence is “behavior within an intimate relationship that causes physical, sexual or psychological harm, including acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviors.” Recently, more attention was dedicated to the possible health consequences of abuse both for acute and chronic health conditions. These conditions do not include evident physical traumas but address potential mental health issues.

The research by Dillon et al. (2013) reveals such mental health outcomes as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, suicide and self-harm, self-perceived mental health and psychological distress, and sleep disorders. Physical health outcomes, as outlined by Dillon et al. (2013), include problems in functional physical health, self-perceived physical health, and chronic physical health conditions. Depression is considered to be the most frequent mental health disorder resulted from intimate partner violence. Thus, it consists of 34.7% of all health problems developed as a consequence of abuse (Dillon et al., 2013).

According to Zlotnik et al. (as cited in Dillon et al., 2013, p. 4) who discovered the patterns of recovery in mental health status in women who were subject to intimate partner violence after five years, “women reporting IPV at the commencement of their study were still significantly more likely to experience a greater degree of depressive symptoms and functional impairment with lower self-esteem and life satisfaction at the 5-year follow-up, compared to women without IPV.” Another mental health outcome for women who experienced domestic violence is the development of victim-blaming attitudes. A study by Gracia (2014) reveals the complex character of this problem which needs treatment through the social context. There is a necessity in more public attention and education efforts to manage the problem of victim-blaming attitudes and achieve a better understanding of the problem.

Particular attention should be concentrated on the impact that domestic violence has on maternity. Apart from a negative influence on women’s decisions on family planning, childbirth, and child upbringing, domestic violence provokes perinatal mental disorders (Howard et al., 2013). Previous studies revealed a connection between mental disorder and being a victim of domestic violence. The systematic review discovered “prevalence of domestic violence during pregnancy in high-income settings ranges from 4% to 8% in the majority of studies, equating to approximately 152,000 to 324,000 pregnant women experiencing abuse each year in the US” (Howard et al., 2013, p. 3). These rates can be higher in low- and middle-income countries. The consequences of domestic violence in the perinatal period can be different. Thus, it is proved that perinatal abuse increases the risk of low birth weight, can cause pre-term labor, miscarriage, and even fetal death” (Howard et al., 2013, p. 3). Moreover, there is a danger of the following child behavioral problems and maternal death.

Solutions to the Problem

Currently, domestic violence is a problem that is researched and monitored by various agencies. According to McLaughlin, Banks, Bellamy, Robbins, and Thackray (2014), different social care establishments try to create a system for possible interventions. However, the authors note that these agencies often fail to document their findings as well as some crucial data that can help scholars to research this issue further. For instance, it is hard to collect personal information regarding one’s ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and possible disability of domestic abuse victims due to multiple reasons. However, many approaches to domestic abuse are being implemented right now. McLaughlin et al. (2014) note that adult social care for victims of violence is underdeveloped in comparison to child care services and child protection. Jahanfar, Janssen, Howard, and Dowswell (2013) state that there is not enough sufficient evidence to evaluate all existing practices and establish their effectiveness. Moreover, it is possible that current solutions are not systematized enough for researchers to monitor their success.

The concept of addressing the cases of domestic violence is complicated by the fact that victims of domestic abuse cannot always adequately assess their situation and ask for help. Moreover, many ways of abuse cannot be detected easily. For example, while physical violence is not very hard to notice, such types as emotional and economic abuse often go unnoticed and thus cannot be evaluated in full. Moreover, pregnant women that suffer from domestic violence are also exposed to their child being affected by the same situation. While physical abuse can be stopped, the effects of it often result in mental issues, including anxiety, depression, and postpartum depression. Jahanfar et al. (2013) argue that interventions during one’s pregnancy do not show significant results in treating women’s mental condition. Therefore, the treatment of abuse victims is a complex problem that should be researched further.

Existing Solutions

Law enforcement.

There are several approaches to the mitigation of the effects of domestic violence that can be outlined. First of all, violence is often treated by law enforcement practices that focus on preventing abuse from happening by distancing the abuser from the affected individuals. This type of solution offers physical protection to the victims.

Domestic violence can be of different severity just like all other crimes. For instance, a man can just yell at his wife and children and slap them, or he can kill them while beating. Realizing that domestic violence is observed in different forms, legislators developed the Domestic Violence Bill, in the framework of which the victims of this kind of violence obtained an opportunity to receive the maximum possible protection offered by the current legislative system (Fitzgerald, 2017). In the framework of these regulations, specific police departments were created. Their main task is to respond to cases of domestic violence. Nevertheless, when getting in touch with a victim, police officers cannot make one act as expected. It often happens that he/she is so scared that prefers to keep silent instead of repeating their testimony. Still, professionals should at least provide a person with the information related to the location of a shelter and healthcare establishment, etc. It would be even better if they accompany this individual and ensure that he/she is safe.

However, it does not assess the mental health and overall well-being of a person that encountered abuse. Moreover, while this solution is necessary to stop the actual domestic abuse from happening, it should not be viewed as the only way to prevent or treat the effects of violence. Furthermore, the problem of domestic violence is often ignored by law enforcement due to its highly private nature and complex emotional response from affected individuals. Therefore, this approach is currently underdeveloped and needs to be improved on the governmental level. For example, new ways of training can be devised to make police forces more knowledgeable on the topic of domestic violence.

Another approach to domestic violence prevention and treatment is counseling. When a person manages to leave an abuser, he/she continues experiencing emotional influences of this condition. To improve one’s state and stop feeling guilty, one should search for counseling services that can be easily accessed. Counseling can be advantageous in several ways. It provides an opportunity to consider how to act in the discussed situation to minimalize adverse effects. As a result, a person even receives an opportunity to save a marriage and prevent a family from collapsing. In addition to that, counseling can be needed when a person is no longer living with the abuser but remains depressed for a long time. Visiting both individual and group sessions, one receives a chance to overcome issues faced in relationships or at least avoid its repetition in the nearest future.

This solution also has its drawbacks. First of all, some counselors fail to appropriately address the issue of domestic abuse by approaching it as a family problem. Moreover, the process of counseling can induce conflict and engage in attitudes of victim-blaming. According to Berns (2017), the promotion of counseling as the best practice for treating domestic abuse can be damaging to a victim’s mental health as many counseling techniques focus not on the abuser but the victim. Moreover, these practices can treat women as though they can always change their partner or leave their relationship without any consequences. Thus, this approach needs further improvements.

New Solutions

The problems of the approaches described above are further complicated by the diversity of victims as well as types of abuse. These two solutions often do not address the victim’s data, including one’s age, socioeconomic situation, disability, and ethnicity. These factors can significantly influence the victim’s ability to address the situation. Thus, new and improved solutions should include special techniques for individuals that fall into various categories. For example, pregnant women have multiple complications connected to their ability to communicate their situation. Improved police forces should be instructed to address pregnant women and women with children cautiously and ensure the safety of all people affected by the issue. Simply arresting the perpetrator is not enough.

In addition to that, it can be beneficial if screening for domestic violence is improved. Rather often those people who reveal violence towards others because of being angry or irritated use force when they are not satisfied with something at home. Police officers should be educated regarding the early stages of these situations so that they can pay more attention to particular families and get involved before it is too late. They should know how to identify a person that can harm someone potentially because of one’s character. It would also be beneficial to provide female students and employed women of the community with similar information. If special classes or training are devoted to this topic, they are likely to become able to influence their relationships, ensuring that their partners are not aggressive. If it does not work, they can still be able to consider how to act in this situation and inform the authorities before it is too late.

Information regarding existing programs should be easily accessed by any person. The number of the National Domestic Hotline should be easily found online and be present in various facilities, including medical, educational, and recreational ones. In this way, if a person is controlled by an abuser, she is still likely to have an opportunity to find out whom to ask for assistance.

The employees of the domestic violence shelters should cooperate with police officers for them to find an abuser as soon as possible. Moreover, they should emphasize the necessity of counseling immediately, because many women who were abused come back as they are afraid of consequences.

Counseling services should address women’s mental health regarding their behavior towards the abuser as well as their children. The approach to pregnant women should assess their attitude towards pregnancy and birth and recognize the onset of mental issues as soon as possible. Cattaneo and Goodman (2015) discuss the importance of empowerment for people recovering from domestic violence. This approach does not blame victims and concentrates on active identification and pursuit of goals. Moreover, preventative recognition of violent behaviors is also a viable solution that should be implemented.

Domestic abuse is a complex issue that significantly impacts motherhood. Various treatments of this problem fail to recognize the specific needs of pregnant women and mothers and handle them unsuccessfully. The existing research regarding the issue of abuse during one’s maternity is insufficient. Thus, new solutions to this problem should be devised and implemented. Pregnant women, as well as other victims of domestic violence, can benefit from better counseling practices, educated law enforcement officials, developed child protection services, and advanced treatment of people from different social groups.

Berns, N. S. (2017). Framing the victim: Domestic violence, media, and social problems . New York, NY: Routledge.

Cattaneo, L. B., & Goodman, L. A. (2015). What is empowerment anyway? A model for domestic violence practice, research, and evaluation. Psychology of Violence , 5 (1), 84.

Dillon, G., Hussain, R., Loxton, D., & Rahman, S. (2013). Mental and physical health and intimate partner violence against women: A review of the literature. International Journal of Family Medicine, 2013, 313909. Web.

Fitzgerald, F. (2017). Second stage Domestic Violence Bill 2017.  Web.

Gracia, E. (2014). Intimate partner violence against women and victim-blaming attitudes among Europeans. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 92 (5), 380-381. Web.

Howard, L.M., Oram, S., Galley, H., Trevillion, K., &Feder, G. (2013). Domestic violence and perinatal mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine, 10 (5), e1001452. Web.

Jahanfar, S., Janssen, P. A., Howard, L. M., &Dowswell, T. (2013). Interventions for preventing or reducing domestic violence against pregnant women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev , 11 , CD009414.

McLaughlin, H., Banks, C., Bellamy, C., Robbins, R., &Thackray, D. (2014). Domestic violence, adult social care and MARACs: Implications for practice .

National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. (2015). Domestic violence .

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Essay on Domestic Violence Against Women

Students are often asked to write an essay on Domestic Violence Against Women in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look


100 Words Essay on Domestic Violence Against Women

Introduction.

Domestic violence against women is a global issue, causing harm and suffering. It includes physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, often by a partner or family member.

Forms of Violence

Violence can be physical, like hitting or pushing. Emotional abuse might involve insults or threats. Sexual abuse is another form, often within relationships.

The impacts are severe, affecting women’s mental and physical health. It can lead to depression, anxiety, and even suicide.

Education is key in prevention. We should teach respect and equality, and offer support to those affected.

Ending domestic violence is crucial for a healthy society. We must all work together to stop it.

250 Words Essay on Domestic Violence Against Women

Domestic violence against women is a global issue, transcending cultural, geographical, and socio-economic boundaries. Despite its widespread prevalence, it remains largely underreported due to the stigma, fear, and societal norms surrounding it.

The Scope of the Problem

A staggering number of women worldwide experience domestic violence, with the World Health Organization estimating that one in three women has been subjected to physical or sexual violence by an intimate partner. This violence takes various forms, including physical assault, sexual abuse, psychological manipulation, and economic coercion.

Underlying Causes

The root causes of domestic violence against women are deeply embedded in patriarchal norms and gender inequality. Power imbalances, reinforced by societal structures, lead to women’s subjugation and vulnerability to violence. Other factors, such as poverty, lack of education, and substance abuse, further exacerbate the problem.

The impacts of domestic violence against women are profound and far-reaching. Beyond the immediate physical harm, victims often suffer from long-term psychological trauma, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, the cycle of violence can have intergenerational effects, perpetuating a culture of violence and inequality.

Addressing domestic violence against women requires a multi-faceted approach, encompassing legal reforms, education, and societal change. It is crucial to challenge and transform the deeply ingrained norms and attitudes that perpetuate such violence. Only then can we hope to create a world where women are free from the threat of domestic violence.

500 Words Essay on Domestic Violence Against Women

Domestic violence against women is a pervasive, yet often hidden issue that affects societies worldwide. It is a form of gender-based violence, deeply rooted in gender inequality, and continues to be one of the most notable human rights violations within all societies.

Domestic violence encompasses physical, sexual, psychological, and economic abuse. It is not confined to any particular political or economic system, but it is prevalent in every society in the world. It cuts across boundaries of wealth, race, and culture. The World Health Organization estimates that one in three women worldwide has experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence in their lifetime.

Underlying Factors

The roots of domestic violence lie in the patriarchal societal structures that validate and perpetuate the domination of men over women. These structures are often reinforced by cultural, religious, and social norms that condone or even encourage violence against women. Economic dependence, fear of social stigma, lack of awareness about legal rights, and inadequate support systems further trap women in abusive situations.

Consequences of Domestic Violence

The consequences of domestic violence against women are far-reaching and devastating. It significantly hampers the overall well-being of women, leading to severe physical and mental health problems. It also imposes enormous costs on society, from direct costs such as healthcare and legal services to indirect costs like lost productivity and intergenerational effects.

Prevention and Response

Preventing and responding to domestic violence requires comprehensive, multidimensional strategies. At the individual level, empowering women through education and economic independence is crucial. At the societal level, changing attitudes and norms that perpetuate gender inequalities and violence is key. Legal measures and policies should be in place to protect victims and punish perpetrators. Moreover, support services like shelters, hotlines, counselling, and legal aid should be readily available and accessible.

Domestic violence against women is a grave violation of human rights with significant societal implications. It is a complex issue that demands concerted efforts from all sectors of society. As we move forward, it is crucial to foster a culture of respect and equality, where violence is unacceptable, and women can live free from the fear of abuse. Only then can we hope to eradicate this blight from our societies and build a safer, more equitable world for all.

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Essay on Domestic violence against Women: Causes & Impacts

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Violence against women, in any form, is worst type of pathetic problem that our societies have been facing with since eons. Women are the better part of society sharing equal responsibilities, role and strength as that of men. Unfortunately, due to a host of uncertain and unacceptable causes the violence against women is on the rise. The following essay talks on Domestic violence against women, its root causes and ways forward how to end the domestic violence against women in our society.

List of Topics

Essay on Domestic Violence | Violence against Women in Our Society | Root Causes, Impacts & Solutions

Domestic violence refers to any form of violence that takes place within the family. It is a major social problem that affects millions of women across the globe. This paper discusses the causes and impacts of domestic violence against women. There are different types of domestic violence that are commonly reported in our society. These include physical violence, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, financial abuse, and spiritual abuse.

Causes of Domestic Violence:

There are many factors that contribute to domestic violence against women. Some of the common causes include:

1. Gender inequality: In many societies, women are not given the same rights and opportunities as men. This creates a power imbalance in relationships, which can lead to violence.

Lack of economic independence: Women who are financially dependent on their partners are more likely to suffer from domestic violence. This is because they may feel like they have no other choice but to stay in the abusive relationship.

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History of abuse : Women who have experienced abuse in childhood are more likely to suffer from domestic violence as adults. This is because they may have learned that it is normal for men to abuse women.

Drug or alcohol addiction: Substance abuse can often lead to domestic violence. When people are addicted to drugs or alcohol, they may become violent and abusive towards their partners.

Mental health problems: Domestic violence can often be triggered by mental health problems such as depression or anxiety. When people are feeling emotional distress, they may lash out at their partners in order to release their anger.

Impacts of Domestic Violence:

Domestic violence can have a number of negative impacts on the victim, both short-term and long-term. Some of the common effects include:

Physical injuries: Domestic violence often results in physical injuries such as bruises, cuts, or broken bones. These injuries can be minor or severe, and they may require medical attention.

Emotional trauma: Domestic violence can cause a great deal of emotional trauma for the victim. This may include feelings of fear, shame, and humiliation. The victim may also experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression.

Social isolation: Victims of domestic violence often become isolated from their friends and family. They may feel like they can’t tell anyone about the abuse, or they may be afraid to leave the relationship.

Substance abuse: Women who are victims of domestic violence are more likely to abuse drugs or alcohol. This is an attempt to self-medicate and cope with the emotional pain of the abuse.

Homelessness: Many women who are victims of domestic violence end up homeless. They may leave the abusive relationship, but they have nowhere to go and no one to turn to for help.

Steps to be taken:

There is no single solution to the problem of domestic violence against women. However, there are some steps that can be taken to reduce the incidence of this crime. Some of these measures include:

Providing support for victims: It is important to provide support for women who are victims of domestic violence. This may include emergency shelters, counselling, and legal assistance.

Increasing economic opportunities for women: Women who are economically independent are less likely to suffer from domestic violence. This can be done by providing job training and educational opportunities for women.

Promoting gender equality: It is essential to promote gender equality in order to create a society where women are treated with respect and dignity. Only when women are given equal rights will domestic violence be eliminated.

>>>> Read Also : ” Essay on Joint Family & its Benefits “

Domestic violence against women is a serious social problem that affects millions of women worldwide. It is important to understand the causes of domestic violence in order to develop effective solutions. By raising awareness about this issue and supporting victims of domestic violence, we can make a difference in the lives of women everywhere.

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  23. The causes effects and solutions of domestic violence

    Domestic violence has very bad effects on victims (Child Welfare information Gateway n.d.). First of all, it causes "health problems or physical injuries". Victims have to put up with normal injuries like scratches and bruises. Seriously, there are fractured bones in some cases, and victims may regularly experience headaches or stomachaches.

  24. Essay on Domestic Violence Against Women

    The root causes of domestic violence against women are deeply embedded in patriarchal norms and gender inequality. Power imbalances, reinforced by societal structures, lead to women's subjugation and vulnerability to violence. Other factors, such as poverty, lack of education, and substance abuse, further exacerbate the problem.

  25. Essay on Domestic violence against Women: Causes & Impacts

    Domestic violence against women is a serious social problem that affects millions of women worldwide. It is important to understand the causes of domestic violence in order to develop effective solutions. By raising awareness about this issue and supporting victims of domestic violence, we can make a difference in the lives of women everywhere.

  26. The Causes And Effects Of Gender Based Domestic Violence

    The United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1993, defines violence against women as "Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary ...