which colleges do not require sat essay

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, which colleges require the sat essay complete list.

SAT Logistics , SAT Essay

Planning to take the SAT? Before you sign up, you need to decide whether you're going to take the test with or without the optional Essay . How should you pick? Well, some colleges require that you apply with the SAT with Essay; others don't care whether you submit an SAT score with or without the Essay.

In this article, I'll provide you with a complete list of colleges that require or recommend taking the SAT with the Essay .

UPDATE: SAT Essay No Longer Offered

In January 2021, the College Board announced that after June 2021, it would no longer offer the Essay portion of the SAT (except at schools who opt in during School Day Testing). It is now no longer possible to take the SAT Essay, unless your school is one of the small number who choose to offer it during SAT School Day Testing.

While most colleges had already made SAT Essay scores optional, this move by the College Board means no colleges now require the SAT Essay. It will also likely lead to additional college application changes such not looking at essay scores at all for the SAT or ACT, as well as potentially requiring additional writing samples for placement.

What does the end of the SAT Essay mean for your college applications? Check out our article on the College Board's SAT Essay decision for everything you need to know.

What Is the Optional SAT Essay?

The redesigned SAT debuted in March 2016 with a now-optional Essay section. For the Essay, you have 50 minutes to read a passage (similar to those you see on the Reading section ) and write an essay dissecting how the author made the argument . Did the author use evidence to support the main claim? Appeals to emotion? Specific word choice?

If you take the SAT without Essay, the test length is three hours . However, if you take the SAT with Essay, the optional Essay adds 50 minutes . It also costs more to take the SAT with Essay : $64.50 vs $49.50 without the Essay.

Don't automatically assume you must take the Essay. Whether it's important for you depends on which schools (and scholarships) you're applying to and what the rest of your application looks like. I'll go into more depth later about how to decide which version of the SAT to take.

List of Schools That Require the SAT With Essay

Below, I've compiled a list of colleges that require or recommend taking the SAT with Essay. All data comes from the College Board and some individual schools we consulted separately.

Note: This list is subject to change, so make sure to double-check with each school you're applying to.

Surprisingly (and in contrast to how it's been in the past), top schools mostly do not require the SAT essay . Currently, no Ivy League School requires students to take the SAT with Essay; the same is true for Stanford, Caltech, Duke, Georgetown, Johns Hopkins, MIT, Northwestern, NYU, and UChicago. Many of these schools no longer even recommend students to take the SAT with Essay, which is a huge turnaround from just a couple of years ago.

Similarly, most liberal arts colleges do not require or recommend the SAT with Essay ; however, there are some exceptions, such as Soka University, which does require it.

In general, most state schools also do not require the SAT with Essay, though there's still a significant portion that do. There tends to be some weird variance even within states. For example, all University of California schools require the SAT with Essay, but most of the California State University schools do not.

Regardless of the types of schools you're applying to, don't assume that they all ask for the SAT with Essay . Check with every school to make sure you understand their testing requirements.

How to Decide Whether to Take the SAT Essay: 4 Questions

When making your decision about whether to take the SAT with Essay or the SAT without Essay, you'll need to consider the following four questions.

#1: Do Any Schools I Want to Apply to Require the SAT Essay?

If you're applying to any school that requires the Essay, then you must take the SAT with Essay . If you take the SAT without Essay, your application will be incomplete and you won't get admitted. By contrast, if you apply to any schools that don't require the SAT Essay, you can still take the SAT with Essay since these schools will accept both types of SAT scores (with or without Essay).

To reiterate, colleges that require the SAT Essay won't consider your score if you took the SAT without the Essay . The last thing you want to do is take the SAT without the Essay and get a good score—but then find out that one of your target schools requires you to take the SAT with Essay.

Remember that some colleges change their application policies from year to year, so make sure to double-check the testing policies of the schools you're applying to .

#2: Do Any Schools I Want to Apply to Recommend the SAT Essay?

If you're not applying to any schools that require the SAT Essay section but are applying to some that recommend it, then I'd still suggest taking it . This gives you another dimension schools can use to evaluate your application; however, there are some cases in which you shouldn't take the SAT with Essay.

If, for some reason, you do not qualify for SAT fee waivers and paying the extra cost to take the SAT with Essay would be a financial burden to you , then please don't feel as if you have to take it. In this case, it's fine to take the SAT without Essay instead.

In addition, if you really struggle to write essays under time constraints (due to anxiety), you might want to opt out of the Essay . That said, I only recommend this for students who normally have strong English and writing skills but struggle to write coherent essays when there's the added pressure of a time constraint.

For example, do you get As on essays you can work on at home but Cs on in-class essays because you get easily nervous? If that's the case, taking the SAT with Essay might not be a good idea.

#3: Am I Applying to Any Scholarships That Require an SAT With Essay Score?

Many scholarships (such as National Merit ) require you to submit SAT scores , and some specifically want SAT with Essay scores.

Therefore, be sure to check the requirements of each scholarship you're planning on applying for . While scholarships that don't require or recommend the SAT Essay should still accept your SAT with Essay score, scholarships that require the Essay section will not consider your SAT score if you took the no-essay version .

#4: Will the SAT Essay Enhance My Application in Other Ways?

Generally speaking, taking the SAT Essay if it's not required won't add a lot to your application. In truth, colleges that don't recommend or require the Essay really don't pay much attention to it.

Nevertheless, the Essay might be helpful for international students who want to prove they have strong English skills and who think they'll do especially well on it. If you fall into this category and feel confident you'll get a high score on it ( after doing practice essays , for example), definitely consider taking the SAT with Essay.

On the other hand, if you don't think you'll do well on the Essay, I recommend against taking it.

What's Next?

Need help preparing for the SAT? Read our ultimate study guide to get expert tips on prep and access to the best free online resources. If you're taking the test soon, learn how to cram for the SAT .

Want to learn more about the SAT Essay? Check out our step-by-step guide to writing a great essay .

Not sure where you want to go to college? Learn how to do college research right and figure out your SAT target score .

Ready to go beyond just reading about the SAT? Then you'll love the free five-day trial for our SAT Complete Prep program . Designed and written by PrepScholar SAT experts , our SAT program customizes to your skill level in over 40 subskills so that you can focus your studying on what will get you the biggest score gains.

Click on the button below to try it out!

As an SAT/ACT tutor, Dora has guided many students to test prep success. She loves watching students succeed and is committed to helping you get there. Dora received a full-tuition merit based scholarship to University of Southern California. She graduated magna cum laude and scored in the 99th percentile on the ACT. She is also passionate about acting, writing, and photography.

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The Optional SAT Essay: What to Know

Tackling this section of the SAT requires preparation and can boost some students' college applications.

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Even though an increasing number of colleges are dropping standardized test requirements, students who must write the SAT essay can still stand to gain from doing so.

Although the essay portion of the SAT became optional in 2016, many students still chose to write it to demonstrate strong or improved writing skills to prospective colleges.

In June 2021, the College Board opted to discontinue the SAT essay. Now, only students in a few states and school districts still have access to — and must complete — the SAT essay. This requirement applies to some students in the SAT School Day program, for instance, among other groups.

How Colleges Use SAT, ACT Results

Tiffany Sorensen Sept. 14, 2020

Whether or not to write the SAT essay is not the biggest decision you will have to make in high school, but it is certainly one that requires thought on your part. Here are three things you should know about the 50-minute SAT essay as you decide whether to complete it:

• To excel on the SAT essay, you must be a trained reader.
• The SAT essay begs background knowledge of rhetoric and persuasive writing.
• A growing number of colleges are dropping standardized test requirements.

To Excel on the SAT Essay, You Must Be a Trained Reader

The SAT essay prompt never comes unaccompanied. On the contrary, it follows a text that is about 700 words long or approximately one page. Before test-takers can even plan their response, they must carefully read and – ideally – annotate the passage.

The multifaceted nature of the SAT essay prompt can be distressing to students who struggle with reading comprehension. But the good news is that this prompt is highly predictable: It always asks students to explain how the author builds his or her argument. In this case, "how” means which rhetorical devices are used, such as deductive reasoning, metaphors, etc.

Luckily, the author’s argument is usually spelled out in the prompt itself. For instance, consider this past SAT prompt : “Write an essay in which you explain how Paul Bogard builds an argument to persuade his audience that natural darkness should be preserved.”

Due to the essay prompt’s straightforward nature, students should read the passage with an eye toward specific devices used by the author rather than poring over “big ideas.” In tour SAT essay, aim to analyze at least two devices, with three being even better.

The SAT Essay Begs Background Knowledge of Rhetoric and Persuasive Writing

Since your SAT essay response must point to specific rhetorical devices that the author employs to convince the reader, you should make it a point to intimately know 10-15 common ones. The more familiar you are with rhetorical devices, the faster you will become at picking them out as you read texts.

Once you have read the passage and identified a handful of noteworthy rhetorical devices, you should apply many of the same essay-writing techniques you already use in your high school English classes.

For instance, you should start by brainstorming to see which devices you have the most to say about. After that, develop a concise thesis statement, incorporate quotes from the text, avoid wordiness and other infelicities of writing, close with an intriguing conclusion, and do everything else you could imagine your English teacher advising you to do.

Remember to always provide evidence from the text to support your claims. Finally, leave a few minutes at the end to review your essay for mistakes.

A Growing Number of Colleges Are Dropping Standardized Test Requirements

In recent years, some of America’s most prominent colleges and universities – including Ivy League institutions like Harvard University in Massachusetts, Princeton University in New Jersey and Yale University in Connecticut – have made submission of ACT and SAT scores optional.

While this trend began as early as 2018, the upheaval caused by COVID-19 has prompted many other schools to adopt a more lenient testing policy, as well.

Advocates for educational fairness have long expressed concerns that standardized admissions tests put underprivileged students at a disadvantage. In light of the coronavirus pandemic , which restricted exam access for almost all high school students, colleges have gotten on board with this idea by placing more emphasis on other factors in a student’s application.

To assess writing ability in alternative ways, colleges now place more emphasis on students’ grades in language-oriented subjects, as well as college application documents like the personal statement .

The fact that more colleges are lifting their ACT/SAT requirement does not imply that either test or any component of it is now obsolete. Students who must write the SAT essay can still stand to gain from doing so, especially those who wish to major in a writing-intensive field. The essay can also demonstrate a progression or upward trajectory in writing skills.

The SAT essay can give a boost to the college applications of the few students to whom it is still available. If the requirement applies to you, be sure to learn more about the SAT essay and practice it often as you prepare for your upcoming SAT.

13 Test Prep Tips for SAT and ACT Takers

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August 23, 2023

The Ultimate List of Test-Optional Colleges

Previously Published on March 23, 2023:

The Covid-19 pandemic ushered in a new era in elite college admissions : test-optional admissions policies. While test-optional admissions policies existed before the pandemic’s onset, before 2020, most of America’s top colleges required the submission of either SAT or ACT scores for admission.

With test cancelations and administrative closures due to Covid-19 in 2020 and 2021, many top colleges adopted test-optional or test-free admissions policies — and, with the 2023-2024 college admissions cycle now underway, few have gone back. Many of these schools have announced that their test-optional policies will remain in effect for a couple of years or, in some cases, in perpetuity. So what exactly does this all mean?

What Does Test-Optional Mean?

Under a test-optional admissions policy, applicants are not required to submit an SAT or ACT score to earn admission. Students are given the choice of whether or not they wish to report their scores. It’s up to them to determine if their scores will help or hurt their case for admission and if their scores accurately reflect their academic prowess.

What Does Test-Free Mean?

Under a test-free admissions policy, which is rarer than a test-optional admissions policy, students are not asked to submit test scores — typically by order of the law. For example, the University of California schools — public institutions — do not permit the consideration of SAT or ACT scores in admissions decision-making due to a California judiciary decision .

Top Test-Optional and Test-Free Colleges

Below are the test-optional or test-free policies for the top national universities and liberal arts colleges. Less selective colleges with test-optional or test-free policies can be found through FairTest .

Top National Universities

Top liberal arts colleges, test-optional colleges faq, if a college claims students are at no disadvantage for not submitting test scores, shouldn’t i believe them.

No, colleges are businesses. Businesses need customers. These schools want to encourage as many students to apply — even unqualified students — as possible to rack up those application dollars and lower their admission rate. While regrettable, colleges often don’t tell it like it is . For example, many schools claim to be need-blind when they’re need-aware. If they were genuinely need-blind, many schools wouldn’t ask students if they require financial aid on applications.

Are some colleges more honest than others concerning their test-optional admissions policies?

Yes, generally, schools that were test-optional before the pandemic, such as many of the top liberal arts colleges and the University of Chicago , are the more honest players regarding their testing policies.

Can students submit test scores to test-free colleges?

Test scores will not be considered for admission to test-free colleges. Some test-free schools will, however, allow students to submit SAT or ACT scores for various scholarships.

If a student can’t get a great test score, should they withhold their results?

Yes, while we’re all for students submitting top scores to test-optional schools , if a student genuinely can’t get a top score, we’re all for that student taking advantage of the school’s test-optional admissions policy. 

All of America’s top test-optional schools  do admit  students without test scores. It’s just not to these students’ advantage in the admissions process to apply without scores.

Are test-free colleges more honest than test-optional colleges concerning testing?

Yes, if a school is test-free, they really don’t consider test scores. For test-optional schools, until the school releases the percentage of students who get in with and without SAT or ACT scores since the onset of the pandemic, we at Ivy Coach will remain skeptical of their honesty — because we know better.

Ivy Coach’s SAT and ACT Tutoring

From atop our soapbox in elite college admissions, we at Ivy Coach have argued since well before the pandemic that under test-optional admissions policies, students with top scores will always enjoy an advantage over students with no scores. This stance remains our position today in 2023 — no matter what a college admissions office may write on its website to the contrary.

After all, the college wants students to apply. The more students who apply, the lower the school’s admissions rate will drop, and the higher the school will be ranked in  US News & World Report  in its influential annual ranking.

So, yes, students can apply with test scores, but it doesn’t mean they’ll be on equal footing with students who boast top test scores. It’s why we always encourage Ivy Coach’s students to aim for top scores with the help of our SAT and ACT tutoring .

If you’re interested in Ivy Coach’s tutoring or in discerning if you should submit your scores to a test-optional university, fill out our free consultation form , and we’ll reach out.

You are permitted to use www.ivycoach.com (including the content of the Blog) for your personal, non-commercial use only. You must not copy, download, print, or otherwise distribute the content on our site without the prior written consent of Ivy Coach, Inc.

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Top 15 Colleges and Universities That Do Not Require the SAT

Cece Gilmore is a Content Writer at Scholarships360. Cece earned her undergraduate degree in Journalism and Mass Communications from Arizona State University. While at ASU, she was the education editor as well as a published staff reporter at Downtown Devil. Cece was also the co-host of her own radio show on Blaze Radio ASU.

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Bill Jack has over a decade of experience in college admissions and financial aid. Since 2008, he has worked at Colby College, Wesleyan University, University of Maine at Farmington, and Bates College.

Many colleges and universities have switched to “test-optional admissions,” meaning that they do not require the SAT, ACT, or any other standardized testing for admission. So, what are the top colleges and universities that do not require the SAT? Read more below in our helpful guide to find out! 

What does “test-optional” mean? 

Test-optional means the school leaves it up to the student to decide if they want to submit standardized test scores with their application. Most test-optional colleges still encourage students to submit their SAT, ACT, or other scores. Therefore, a student who sends their SAT score might be able to strengthen their application by including high scores. However, at test-optional institutions, not submitting your SAT score will not hurt admission’s chances.

What does “test-blind”or “test-refusal” mean?

Colleges and universities that are test-blind do not accept standardized test scores from applicants. A growing number of individual colleges/universities as well as entire school systems are test-blind. Keep in mind that some schools have a temporary moratorium on submitting test scores which may or may not change.  

Students who do not plan on submitting their test scores may have a preference for test-blind schools. That’s because at these schools, they will be on totally equal footing with other applicants in terms of tests. 

At test-optional schools, on the other hand, students who submit stellar test scores may receive preference over applicants who don’t submit any scores. Keep in mind that this is not always the case; each school may have its own protocol surrounding ACT/SAT scores in its admissions office.

If I have SAT scores, should I submit them?  

If you do take the SAT, you are not required to submit it to a test-optional school. Therefore, there is no true harm in taking the SAT even if you are applying to only test-optional schools. This is because if you do submit a high SAT score , it might help your application. So, not submitting test scores will not hurt your application, but you may lose out on the opportunity to make your application stronger. In addition, some scholarships, including those offered by private organizations, may require SAT scores. 

Related: How to improve your SAT score

So, how do you know if you should submit your SAT score to a test optional school? 

Submit sat scores if:.

• Your SAT score is high or near the 75th percentile of admitted students to the school
• Other aspects of your application are not that strong such as GPA, class rank, AP or IB test scores, etc.
• The school recommends submitting your SAT score if you have them

Do not submit SAT scores if: 

• Your SAT score is low or below the 50th percentile of admitted students to the school

Ultimately, you should submit your SAT score if you believe it is high enough to help you! If not, the beauty of test-optional schools is that you do not have to worry about not submitting your SAT score because it will not hurt your chances. 

How this list of top colleges and universities that do not require the SAT was created

The following list of top colleges and universities that do not require the SAT was created by using Scholarship360’s Top Colleges for Students in 2024 list. Most of the colleges and universities on this list are prestigious universities that have low acceptance rates. This list is in alphabetical order and in no way reflects preference or recommendation.

Top 15 colleges and universities that do not require the SAT 

Brown university.

Brown University is an Ivy League research university located in Providence, Rhode Island. Known for its strong computer science and medicine programs, Brown allows students to design their own majors . 

• Test optional: Yes
• Test optional until: Extended through 2024
• Acceptance rate: 6%

Columbia University

Columbia University is test-optional for applicants to Columbia College or Columbia Engineering. Columbia University is an Ivy League research university located in New York City, New York. A distinctive core curriculum, a highly sought-after literature department, and intimate learning environments makes Columbia a top choice for students who want to attend college in the Big Apple. 

• Acceptance rate: 4%

Cornell University

Cornell University is an Ivy League research university located in Ithaca, New York. Engineering and hotel management programs are just a few of the many prestigious academic programs at Cornell. 

• Test optional until: Extended through 2025
• Acceptance rate: 9%

Dartmouth College

Dartmouth College is an Ivy League research university located in Hanover, New Hampshire. Competitive academics and small classes are both found on Dartmouth’s beautiful rural campus. 

Note : Beginning with the class of 2029, Dartmouth University will once again require either the SAT or ACT for admission consideration. 

• Test optional until: 2023

Duke University

Duke University is a private university located in Durham, North Carolina. With a stellar reputation for its academic programs, Duke also excels at high-level athletics. 

Harvard University

Harvard University is an Ivy League research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. A leader in all academic subjects, Harvard is the most well-known university in the world. 

• Test optional until: Extended through 2026

Johns Hopkins University

Johns Hopkins University is a private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. As one of the nation’s oldest research institutions, research is continuously conducted at Johns Hopkins. 

• Acceptance rate: 8%

Princeton University

Princeton University is an Ivy League university located in Princeton, New Jersey. One of the oldest universities in the United States, Princeton is renowned for its emphasis on independent research.

Rice University

Rice University is a private research university located in Houston, Texas. Applied science and engineering programs are what Rice is most known for. 

Stanford University

Stanford University is a private research university in Stanford, California. In addition to being highly ranked for its law, medicine, and engineering programs, Stanford is also known for its education schools. 

University of Chicago

The University of Chicago is a private research university located in Chicago, Illinois. U of Chicago is well known for its ideal city location as well as its rigorous academics. 

• Test optional until: Indefinitely 

University of Michigan

• Acceptance rate: 20%

University of Pennsylvania

The University of Pennsylvania is a private Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. UPenn is known for its programs in business management, finance, and real estate. 

Vanderbilt University

Vanderbilt University is a private research university located in Nashville, Tennessee. Vandy offers advanced degrees in medicine, engineering, nursing, business, and much more. 

• Test optional until: Extended through 2027
• Acceptance rate: 7%

Yale University

Yale University is a private Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut. Known for its strong academics and intellectual professors, Yale also has an excellent drama program. 

• Acceptance rate: 5%

If these top schools are not for you…

This is a list of the 15 top schools that are currently test optional. However, there are hundreds of other colleges and universities that are also test optional. Therefore, be sure to review a larger list of test optional institutions to find your perfect fit!

• If you plan on taking the SAT after reading this article, prepare well in advance. There are tons of free resources available!
• Decide whether or not to submit your scores to test-optional schools
• Take a look at supplemental essays for schools you plan to apply to and start thinking about ideas to write about
• Complete the FAFSA as soon as possible
• Apply to all the scholarships you qualify for. The Scholarships360 platform makes it easy to search for personalized scholarships opportunities! 

Frequently asked questions about colleges and universities that do not require the SAT

Do colleges that don’t require sat scores have different admissions criteria, what is the difference between test-optional and test-blind, will not submitting sat scores strengthen my application, scholarships360 recommended.

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Which Colleges Require SAT Essay in 2022-2023?

If you’re wondering which colleges require sat essay in 2022-2023, this guide has all you need to know — including how to decide whether to take the essay..

Updated by TCM Staff on 3rd September 2022

3rd September 2022

College Board has recently made major changes to the SAT essay that can affect your application

If there’s one thing that many college applicants tend to feel intimidated by, it’s the need to do well in standardized tests like the SAT. Although fewer colleges and universities continue to require the submission of standardized test scores, many still do require them. And if doing well in the SAT wasn’t stressful enough, some colleges also require the SAT essay — so there’s an additional bit of pressure to do well in that, too. If you’re one of the thousands of applicants wondering which colleges require SAT essay scores to be submitted, this comprehensive guide is for you.

The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) is a centralized examination that evaluates examinees on four grounds: critical reading, writing, mathematics, and the optional SAT essay. 

However, College Board announced in January 2021 that it would stop offering the SAT essay effective immediately. This means that no more colleges require you to take the SAT with an essay.

Read on to find out everything you need to know, including what the SAT essay is, how it is scored, what schools require the SAT essay, and more information about the news from College Board.

What is the SAT Essay?

The SAT Essay is a supplementary segment of the centralized Scholastic Aptitude Test. 

If you’ve heard about the SAT and the essay before, then you might be asking the question “is the essay required on the SAT?” The answer is simple. 

There was a time when an essay was a required portion of the test and everyone simply had to take it as part of sitting for their SATs. Because it was pretty much a required section of the SAT during that time, all colleges that required the SAT also required the SAT essay.

The essay evaluates the candidate’s comprehensive, writing, and time management skills. An argumentative passage is laid out for the applicant to study, analyze, and summarize. College Board usually assembled sample  SAT essay prompts for assistance. During the essay, examinees are allotted 50 minutes to read the prompt, analyze it, and write their responses in essay form.

It’s worth mentioning, however, that College Board made the essay optional in 2016. For this reason, many colleges and universities began dropping it from their application requirements. Even then, many colleges and universities continued to require the essay or at least recommend students to take it and submit their scores alongside their application.

Editor’s note: College Board has made a big announcement in 2021 that renders this information invalid. See their announcement below.

How is the SAT Essay Scored?

To understand how the SAT essay is scored, we must first take a closer look at the essay itself.

Every SAT Essay is comprised of a passage around 650-750 words long. You are given 50 minutes to read, analyze, and then respond to this prompt. The primary purpose of these essays is the assessment of your analysis skills. Strong essays focus on how you use evidence and reasoning alongside any other rhetorical techniques in building your convincing argument.

Essays are the same in every test. The only thing that will change is the passage or prompt you’ll be tasked to respond to.

Once you’ve completed your essay, two scorers will evaluate it. These scorers must assign a score between 1 to 4 in the three categories of reading, analysis, and writing. Once the scorers give you their ratings, scores are added up to give you a total between 2 and 8 for each of the three categories. But what do the scores mean?

• Reading - Graders will score you based on how well they think your essay showed your understanding of the passage and whether you used textual evidence to demonstrate this understanding.
• Analysis - Your score in this section is determined by how well you have analyzed the text. It also considers how you performed in explaining this analysis with reasoning, evidence, and other rhetorical techniques for persuasion.
• Writing - Your writing score is effectively based on how well you’ve used language. It takes into consideration factors such as how skillful you were in crafting responses, how clear your essay’s structure is, how clear your essay’s point or thesis is, and so on.

Do Ivy League Schools Require the SAT Essay?

It may seem surprising, but if you look at which colleges require the SAT essay, you may notice that most top schools do not make it a requirement. 

In recent years, no Ivy League schools have required applicants to submit their SAT scores with the essay. The same applies to other prestigious top-notch schools such as Caltech, Stanford, Duke, Johns Hopkins, Georgetown, NYU, MIT, and more. 

Many liberal arts colleges also did not require or recommend you take the SAT with the essay.

However, it’s not just the essay that a good number of schools have been dropping as a requirement.

Many Schools Have Been Dropping the SAT Requirement

Many colleges and universities have begun dropping the standardized test requirement entirely, including some highly prestigious institutions such as Harvard University, Yale University, and Princeton University. These three institutions, among many others, have made SAT and ACT scores entirely optional in their application process. Submitting your scores will get them considered during these schools’ holistic admissions process, but your SAT scores will not put you at an advantage over others who have chosen not to submit theirs.

The trend of dropping standardized test scores as a requirement was noted even as early as 2018. However, the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has accelerated this process and prompted plenty of other institutions to make their testing policies more lenient overall. This trend is welcomed by critics who have for a long time expressed how standardized testing might put underprivileged and underserved students at a disadvantage.

To compensate for dropping the standardized testing requirement, colleges and universities have instead started placing more weight on the other factors comprising a student’s application. For example, to test a student’s writing ability, colleges will look more closely at the applicant’s personal statement or their grades in subjects like English.

Editor’s note: It’s worth mentioning that some institutions, such as Harvard, have simply suspended the requirement for the coming years. However, there is no telling whether Harvard will actually reinstate this requirement after this suspension period.

College Board’s Massive Announcement in January 2021: No More SAT Essay

In a surprise announcement on January 2021, College Board stated that they are no longer offering SAT Subject Tests and the optional SAT essay. As such, both were discontinued effective immediately and were completely phased out from the SATs. Moving forward from that point, the SAT essay is no longer available — unless in circumstances outlined below.

Students from certain states may still be required to sit for the essays if it is a part of their SAT School Day administrations . 

Through SAT School Day administrations, College Board allows schools, districts, and states to offer their juniors and seniors an equalizing opportunity: sit for their SATs during a regular school day in their home school. 

Few states continue to require the essay during SAT School Day administrations. 

States that continue to require it in the academic year 2021 to 2022 include:

• New Hampshire

College Board advises that if you are scheduled to take your SATs on a school day, you should inquire with your school if the essay will be required.

Why Did College Board Discontinue the SAT Essay?

According to College Board in its FAQ , they chose to discontinue the SAT essay simply because they are adapting to students’ and colleges’ changing needs. College Board believes that discontinuing the essay allows for the streamlining of the entire process, especially for students who have more relevant methods or opportunities to show their reading, analysis, and writing skills.

College Board states that despite this discontinuation, they will continue measuring students’ writing and editing skills in other ways. An example would be the tasks on the SAT’s reading, writing, and language sections. If you wish to demonstrate your skills in reading, analysis, and writing, it may benefit you to prepare better for the pertinent SAT sections.

Should I Take the SAT Essay? How to Decide

At this point, you are no longer given the decision of whether to take the SAT essay or not. Unfortunately, since the essay has been entirely discontinued, you will not be able to sit for it anywhere. The exception, of course, is if the essay is included as part of your SAT School Day administration. And again, if the essay is included, you are simply required to take it, with no option to avoid it.

For this reason, if you are scheduled to take your SAT on a school day, you may want to check with your school guidance office and find out whether the essay will be required. Doing so well ahead of time can help you prepare well for the SAT essays so you can up your chances of getting a good score.

Which Colleges Require SAT Essay in 2022?

After all that news, you may still be wondering “which universities require SAT essay?”

In light of College Board’s huge announcement in January 2021 that eliminated SAT subject tests and essays entirely, it is no longer possible to take the SAT essay unless in certain circumstances. It is for this reason that no more colleges or universities require students to take the SAT essays .

However, if you do take the essay, you can continue to submit your scores alongside your application. Admissions officers may choose to consider your essay scores along with the rest of your application, though the choice to do so is almost always up to their discretion.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do any colleges require sat with essay.

There was a time that there were indeed colleges and universities that required applicants to submit their SAT scores with an essay. However, since January 2021, College Board no longer offers the SAT essay. If you’re wondering about colleges requiring SAT essay, as of today there are no longer any.

Is the SAT essay still required?

If you’re wondering what colleges require the SAT essay, the answer is none. In January 2021, College Board discontinued SAT subject tests and the otional SAT essay, which means no more schools require it.

Does UCLA require SAT with essay?

UCLA was previously one of the schools that require SAT essay from their applicants. However, this is no longer the case since the essays have been completely discontinued.

Is SAT essay required for Harvard?

For the past couple of years, Harvard has suspended its requirement for standardized tests like the SAT or ACT in their applications to accommodate COVID-19 restrictions. Harvard has pushed this suspension to the 2026 application cycle. Harvard no longer requires the SAT essay either, but if you have managed to take it you can still submit your scores for consideration .

Does SAT essay affect your score?

Since the SAT essay became optional, it no longer affects your overall SAT score. Essay scores are shown separately on your report. Note that the optional essay has been discontinued since January of 2021, and you can only take the essay under rare special circumstances discussed in the article above.

If you’re in the middle of preparing your applications for your dream schools, it only makes sense to wonder which colleges require SAT essay. Only a year or so ago, there would’ve been a big list of colleges that require the SAT essay, despite it being an optional section of the standardized test. 

However, since College Board discontinued SAT subject tests and the optional essay in January of 2021, there are no longer any colleges requiring you to submit your essay scores with your application.  

If you have managed to take the essay, you may still be able to submit your scores for consideration. Good luck!

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Colleges That Require the SAT Essay (2020): A Complete List

The SAT essay has been through a lot of changes in recent years. In the new SAT, it exists as a separate section from the rest of the sections. You may have heard that not all schools require it, even the ones that require standardized test scores. Why is that? Also, just because it isn’t required, does that mean you don’t have to do it? And what’s a good essay score, anyway?

First, a few things about the SAT and ACT optional essays:

• The essay portion is scored completely separately from the Math and Reading sections (or, in the case of the ACT, the Math, Reading, and Science sections). That means your total score is not affected by your SAT Essay or ACT Essay (Writing) score.
• The SAT Essay is graded by two College Board readers who each give it a score between 1 and 4 on three different aspects: reading, analysis, and writing. That means the highest possible SAT Essay grade is an 8|8|8. The ACT Writing section is also scored by two readers, each out of 6 (for a high score of 12).
• You have the choice to take the SAT and ACT with or without the essay. If you opt to take the essay version, the test is slightly longer and slightly more expensive.

Second, the most important thing you can take away from this post is: don’t assume you need to take the SAT or ACT with the essay ! The number of schools that require it is low, and fewer and fewer schools are even recommending it. In recent years, schools like the California Institute of Technology, Claremont McKenna College, and the University of Michigan have all stopped asking for it. Princeton University started asking for a graded paper instead.

In short? Unless you know you’re going to score well, based on past experience or a diagnostic test, or you’re applying to certain schools, reconsider if preparing for the ACT/SAT Essay is a good use of your test prep time or if you should just skip it altogether.

Which Schools Want to See the SAT Essay/ACT Writing?

A very small number of schools outright require the SAT Essay or ACT Writing. They are:

• All of the University of California schools
• The United States Military Academy
• University of Montana-Western
• Martin Luther College
• Soka University of America

That’s it! Of course, the University of California system is huge and includes heavy hitters like Berkeley, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, and more. If you’re considering applying to any of these schools, you’ll need to take the SAT Essay. Otherwise, unless these remaining schools are on your list, you don’t explicitly need to take the essay as part of the SAT.

However, in college admissions, required isn’t the end of the line. A good number of additional schools recommend the SAT Essay. For these schools, you won’t be automatically turned away without the essay, but it’ll help your chances to have it present.

You might be surprised to learn that most of the very top schools – Harvard University, Yale University, Brown University, etc. – are not terribly interested in the SAT Essay, even though they care quite a bit about your overall SAT score (or ACT score). That’s in part because highly selective schools ask high school applicants for extensive essays, which they use to evaluate applicant’s proficiency with written English.

The colleges and universities that recommend the SAT Essay are:

• Abilene Christian University
• Austin College
• Berry College
• Chapman University
• Colby College
• Concordia College-Moorhead
• Duke University
• Michigan State University
• Oregon State University
• Simmons University
• Stanford University
• Stony Brook University-SUNY
• Taylor University
• University at Buffalo-SUNY
• University of Minnesota-Twin Cities

If any of these schools are on your list, you should seriously consider including the essay in your SAT or ACT test prep plans. Still, there are a few things to keep in mind.

Should You Take the SAT or ACT Essay?

While you could, of course, make your decision about taking the SAT Essay based on the schools to which you know you’re applying, the majority of students take the SAT or ACT before they’ve finalized their college lists. For that reason, you may need to decide whether to take the essay without knowing whether you’re planning to apply to any of the above schools.

So, if you’re signing up for the SAT or ACT soon, consider the following:

Advantages of Taking the SAT Essay or ACT Writing

The biggest advantage to taking the SAT Essay is that you cover all your bases. If you decide to apply to any of the schools on the required or recommended lists, you won’t have to go back and take it again or risk rejection for not having taken it.

Similarly, the SAT Essay can provide another data point for admissions officers about the strength of your academic profile and application—if you do well. An above-average essay or writing score can help prove your writing abilities to colleges.

On the flip side, not taking the SAT Essay at all will limit the number of schools to which you can apply and be a competitive applicant. While many selective schools do not care about the essay, some do, and they’re always looking for a reason to reject applicants. Not having an essay score could sink your application at Duke or Stanford.

Disadvantages of Taking the SAT Essay or ACT Writing

The biggest potential downside to taking the SAT Essay is that you might not score well, and colleges that don’t require or recommend the essay will have a piece of information that doesn’t show you in your best light. Given that most schools don’t want the essay, having a poor SAT Essay score can be a risk that isn’t worth taking.

Another disadvantage to taking the essay or writing portion is that you’ll be in the room longer. Fortunately, both sections come at the end of their respective tests, so it won’t tire you out for the rest of the test, but knowing that you’re going to be there an extra hour can affect students’ performance on the sections that matter most.

Similarly, another advantage to not taking the Essay portion is not having to prepare for it! College Board and ACT readers are looking for very specific elements, so you’ll need to spend time preparing, just as you would for the other sections. That’s time that might be better spent on the rest of the test, schoolwork, or extracurricular activities.

Who Should Take the SAT with Essay?

Those are the big-picture considerations for whether to take the SAT Essay or ACT Writing section, but it’s also worth thinking about the specifics of your college application. Much like decisions about the SAT Subject Tests, it’s important to consider your unique application. Are you someone who should definitely take the SAT with essay? Probably? Or definitely not?

Do the colleges you’re interested in require the SAT Essay?

If you’re interested in any of the above colleges that have an SAT or ACT essay requirement, you should take it. It won’t be the most important factor in your application, but not having it will be a huge red flag to these schools that you’re not serious about them because you didn’t take the time to read and understand their requirements.

Do the colleges you’re interested in recommend the SAT Essay?

Require is easy; recommend is a bit more complicated. When it comes to college admissions, it’s best to take colleges at their word. So, while schools like Michigan State may not turn you away with no SAT Essay score, they’ll be disappointed you don’t have it, unless you have a compelling reason like financial hardship. Duke University in particular has dropped numerous hints that they frown upon applications without the essay section.

Note that even some test-optional schools, like Coby, recommend the SAT or ACT essay. Of course, these schools are test-optional, so you don’t need to submit any standardized test essay at all. But because they care so much about writing skills, they want to see the essay; otherwise, even if you have a very high score, they may be insufficiently impressed.

Are you applying to any scholarships that require an SAT with Essay?

On top of that, colleges may not be the only thing you’re applying to this year! Because standardized tests play a big role in many scholarships – both offered by colleges and by external institutions – you should always check to see if any scholarships for which you’re planning to apply require you to submit SAT Essay or ACT Writing score reports.

Will the SAT Essay enhance your application?

Lastly, if you’re someone who excels in writing and feels comfortable with the SAT Essay, you might decide that taking it will boost your application! Although the essay won’t be factored into your total SAT score, it may still make a positive impact if you struggle in other areas. For some students, a writing test is something they definitely want colleges to see!

Final Thoughts

The most important thing to keep in mind about the writing sections of the SAT and ACT is that you need to do what’s best for your college goals and strategy. Remember that you don’t need to do the Essay section at every test date, so it may be that you want to take a first pass at the test and decide about the essay later. Or, you may know that it’s going to be required by one or more of your colleges, so you want to get a jump right away.

At the end of the day, wherever you’re applying, the SAT Essay or ACT Writing is just one part of your application, one that seems to hold less importance every year. While it’s important to take all parts of the process seriously, this isn’t one of the ones worth stressing about.

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Test-Optional Colleges Not Requiring SAT or ACT Scores

Juliann Scholl

Contributing Writer

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Updated December 20, 2023

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Although the ACT and SAT are the two most common college entrance exams, many schools do not require either of these tests. If you cannot access testing or deal with test anxiety, you can explore one of the many on-campus or online colleges that don't require SAT or ACT scores.

FairTest, a national center for open testing , lists colleges that do not require these entrance exams. This guide covers the pros and cons of withholding scores. Read on to learn more about test-out policies and tips for applicants who opt out.

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Types of Test-Optional Policies

Some schools and universities waive SAT and ACT requirements. These institutions consider other factors to try and predict how well applicants will perform academically in college.

Test-Optional Colleges

Test-optional schools do not require SAT or ACT scores for college admission . However, these schools may still offer academic scholarships based on test scores.

While not required, you may benefit from taking entrance exams and submitting your scores. For example, competitive schools may offer priority admission to applicants with high scores. You should consider taking these exams and submitting your scores if you perform well.

Test-Flexible Colleges

Test-flexible colleges follow policies that are similar to test-optional schools. These institutions don't require you to take the ACT or SAT, but they allow you to submit your test scores. Like test-optional colleges, you should only submit your scores to test-flexible colleges if they enhance your application.

Some test-flexible schools accept the International Baccalaureate (IB) or Advanced Placement (AP) exam scores. There is no standardized definition of a test-flexible college. You can contact your prospective schools to learn about the exact qualifications.

Test-Free Colleges

Unlike test-optional and test-flexible colleges, test-free colleges (also known as test-blind schools) do not accept standardized test scores. In other words, you may not submit these scores at all. Rather than considering test scores, test-blind colleges put more emphasis on examining things like high school transcripts, resumes, and recommendation letters. Additionally, these institutions usually require application essays, and some include an interview process.

25 Test-Optional Colleges That Do Not Require SAT or ACT Scores

There are hundreds of test-optional colleges and universities in the U.S. Some have made their test-optional policies permanent, while others are only temporary. For instance, Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University, and Princeton University currently plan on using a test-optional admissions process through the 2025-26 academic year.

Below, we highlight some of the better-known accredited colleges with test-optional policies. All of the schools in the table either have permanent test-optional policies or have no current plans to suspend these policies.

When to Submit Your Test Scores to Test-Optional Colleges

Even if a school doesn't require SAT or ACT scores, it may still be to your advantage to submit them. Below, we list some instances where you might want to submit test scores when applying to test-optional colleges.

You're Applying to Highly Competitive Colleges

If your dream school has a very low acceptance rate, a high SAT or ACT score could give you an edge when you're competing with other highly qualified applicants. For example, if your scores are above the median score of the school you're applying to, you should strongly consider submitting them.

Test Scores Are Required For Financial Aid

If you rely on financial aid to help fund your education, an excellent score could also open up more opportunities for merit-based scholarships. However, the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), which is required for federal student loans, grants, and work-study programs, doesn't require SAT or ACT scores.

Your Scores Boost Your Application

High SAT or ACT scores can make you more competitive, especially if other aspects of your application, like your GPA, are less than stellar. If it feels like your application is lacking in other areas, like extracurriculars and volunteer activities, a good SAT or ACT score could help.

When to Withhold Your Test Scores from Test-Optional Colleges

Alternatively, when applying to test-optional colleges, there are some instances when submitting your SAT or ACT score might not benefit you.

Your Scores Fall Below the Middle 50%

If your ACT or SAT score falls below the college's median score, consider withholding your test results from those schools — especially if you feel they don't accurately reflect your academic abilities. You're probably better off highlighting other aspects of your application, like a high GPA, ample extracurricular activities, volunteering experiences, or strong letters of recommendation.

The Rest of Your Application Is Strong

If the rest of your application is a strong reflection of your academic achievements and ability to thrive in a college environment, it's okay to omit your ACT or SAT scores. A high GPA, excellent reference letters, honors and awards, and strong extracurriculars can be just as impactful as good scores.

4 Tips If You're Opting Out of Submitting Test Scores

Test-optional and test-flexible schools do not require standardized tests. If you're applying to these schools, consider putting extra effort into other application components. Read on to learn how to enhance other areas of your application.

1. Submit Strong Recommendation Letters

A solid recommendation letter or two can speak volumes about your strengths and character, so you should carefully consider whom you ask. High school teachers often write recommendation letters for students with good grades in their classes. Consider asking a teacher or counselor with strong writing skills who knows you well.

2. Strive for a High GPA

If you do not submit ACT or SAT scores, your GPA likely matters more than ever. Additionally, a high GPA can help you earn academic scholarships. Most schools consider applicants' cumulative GPAs when choosing who to accept. If you're a sophomore or junior with a relatively low GPA, strive to raise your GPA in your final years.

3. Engage in Extracurriculars and Volunteering

Most college applications allow you to describe your extracurricular involvement and volunteer history. If not, you should include details in an essay or resume. Colleges tend to value community involvement and look for students who do the same. Additionally, participating in extracurricular activities may lead to scholarship opportunities in areas like choir, dance, special interests, or sports.

4. Present Your Best Self on Social Media

Your social media activity can also impact your chances of being admitted to college. You should be mindful of what you post online and consider making your profiles private (or cleaning them up) during the application process. Also, consider creating a LinkedIn profile.

Frequently Asked Questions About Test-Optional Colleges

Do you need to take the sat to get into college.

Depending on where you want to apply to college, you may not have to take the SAT. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, many postsecondary institutions temporarily suspended SAT and ACT requirements.

For a full list of schools that do not require SAT scores, you can visit FairTest , which has a comprehensive list of all ~1,900 test-optional colleges and universities.

Do all colleges require the ACT?

Like the SAT, many colleges do not require the ACT. Remember to read your prospective college's test policies carefully to determine if scores are required.

Is the ACT easier than the SAT?

Although there are some structural differences between the tests, the ACT is not necessarily easier than the SAT. The ACT includes a science section, and many test-takers feel it has more straightforward questions than the SAT. Ultimately, which test is easier for you will depend on your academic strengths and weaknesses.

Why are more colleges adopting test-optional policies?

In the past, community colleges represented most of the schools that did not require ACT or SAT scores. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors have led to a recent increase in the number of test-optional schools. And some organizations advocate for more widespread test-optional admission processes. Two factors driving this increase:

• Standardized tests don't necessarily predict college success: Some data show that GPAs predict college success better than exam scores . For example, high school GPAs have been shown to be five times stronger than ACT scores at predicting college graduation rates .
• Test-optional policies may help increase racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic diversity: Analysis by Insider Higher Ed shows that Asian American and white students have average SAT scores above 1100, while students from all other racial groups have average scores below 1000. Income may also influence student performance and their ability to retake tests to improve their scores.

Page last reviewed November 10, 2023.

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Which Colleges Require the SAT Essay?

Tests can be intimidating. And for some students, adding a timed essay is downright terrifying. So as you sign up for the SAT, it’s easy to look at that optional essay and say “fuh-getta-bout-it.”

I mean, who in their right mind would willingly sit for a fifty-minute essay?—Well, maybe you.

Before you immediately say no—or yes—to the optional essay portion, you need to consider which colleges require the SAT essay. Your decision will depend upon where you plan to continue your education.

Table of Contents

Why Some Colleges Have Dropped Essay

Several colleges have dropped the SAT essay as a requirement. One of the main factors behind this decision is concern about creating financial hardship or extra stress for students. Many school districts are providing in-school testing for high school students free of charge. But it does not always include the essay section. This means students who want to take the essay may need to sign up and pay for it on their own.

If your high school does not offer the essay portion as part of testing, you can visit the College Board registration page to find a testing center. Registering for the SAT essay portion is an additional $17. The SAT costs $47.50 with an allotted time of 3 hours. If you choose to add the essay, you will pay $64.50 and be given an additional fifty- minute session to end the day. There are fee waivers available for students who qualify due to financial hardship.

Should You Take the SAT Essay?

There are some schools that will not consider the SAT essay with your application. California Institute of Technology and Georgetown University are two well-known schools that have recently announced your essay will not be considered with your application—they won’t even look at it. However, as grandma always said—don’t put all your eggs in one basket. In other words, you may want to leave your options open by writing that essay.

If you decide not to take the SAT essay you are limiting the schools that you can apply to. Yes, many schools have dropped the requirement. But if you decide not to take the essay, you limit your college options. Even if the schools on your current college list don’t require it, things can change. Finding the right college is a process. You may discover your ideal school does require the essay.

Several schools that no longer require the SAT either recommend it or make it optional and will consider it with your application. If a school recommends the essay, they are politely telling you that it will be a factor in your application. Schools that consider the essay optional or even those that say it is not required still look for evidence of your academic abilities.

Most colleges, even those that have dropped the essay requirement, have stressed that evaluating writing skills continues to be an important part of their selection process. They will seek a writing sample in some form. The SAT essay is a good opportunity to display your writing skills. And, because the prompt and format is always the same, you have opportunities to practice so you go into it well-prepared .

Top College SAT Essay Requirements

In the chart below, I have compiled a list of the top-ranked U.S. colleges and their SAT essay requirements. If you don’t see your school here, check the College Board SAT Policies page. Remember that colleges and universities often re-evaluate and make changes to their policies. Use this as a guide, but always check your prospective school’s admissions page for the most updated requirements.

As you look at which colleges require the SAT essay, it is clear that many of the top schools have dropped the requirement. But essays continue to be considered if you submit them with your application. My best advice—and your least limiting option—is to sign up, prepare for, and take the essay portion. It is a well-spent $17 and fifty minutes of your time when compared to your future.

• https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/articles/2018-09-10/colleges-drop-sat-act-essay-what-students-should-know
• https://www.forbes.com/top-colleges/list/#tab:rank
• https://college.harvard.edu/admissions/application-process/application-requirements
• https://admissions.yale.edu/standardized-testing
• https://admission.stanford.edu/apply/freshman/testing.html
• https://mitadmissions.org/apply/firstyear/tests-scores/
• https://admission.princeton.edu/updated-application-requirements
• http://www.admissions.caltech.edu/apply/first-yearfreshman-applicants/standardized-tests
• https://admissions.upenn.edu/admissions-and-financial-aid/what-penn-looks-for/testing
• https://www.brown.edu/admission/undergraduate/apply/first-year-applicants/standardized-tests
• https://admissions.dartmouth.edu/glossary-term/sat
• https://today.duke.edu/2018/07/duke-makes-sat-essay-act-writing-test-optional-applicants
• https://admission.williams.edu/apply/
• https://uadmissions.georgetown.edu/firstyear/preparation
• https://admissions.cornell.edu/standardized-testing-requirements
• http://admission.universityofcalifornia.edu/freshman/requirements/examination-requirement/index.html
• https://undergrad.admissions.columbia.edu/apply/first-year/testing
• https://www.amherst.edu/admission/apply/firstyear
• https://www.bowdoin.edu/admissions/our-process/test-optional-policy/index.html
• https://collegeadmissions.uchicago.edu/contact/faq
• https://www.pomona.edu/admissions/apply/application-overview
• https://admissions.northwestern.edu/faqs/high-school-courses/
• https://admissions.nd.edu/apply/evaluation-criteria/
• https://record.umich.edu/articles/admissions-office-drops-requirement-act-sat-writing-components
• https://www.hmc.edu/admission/apply/first-year-students/application-materials/
• https://www.swarthmore.edu/admissions-aid/standardized-testing-policy
• https://apply.jhu.edu/standardized-test-information/
• https://www.cmc.edu/admission/first-year-application-instructions
• https://westpoint.edu/admissions/steps-to-admission
• https://admission.rice.edu/policies/standardized-testing
• https://www.bates.edu/admission/optional-testing/
• https://admission.usc.edu/apply/first-year-students/#/checklist
• https://www.usna.edu/Admissions/Apply/index.php#fndtn-panel1-Steps-for
• https://admissions.vanderbilt.edu/quickguide/
• https://admissions.tufts.edu/apply/first-year-students/sat-and-act-tests/
• https://admission.virginia.edu/admission/testing
• https://admissions.wustl.edu/apply_site/Pages/Frequently-Asked-Questions.aspx

What are your chances of acceptance?

Calculate for all schools, your chance of acceptance.

Your chancing factors

Extracurriculars.

A Complete List of Colleges Requiring SAT/ACT 2023-2024

What’s covered:, which colleges are still requiring standardized tests, how will my sat/act score affect my chances of acceptance.

Over the past three years, test-optional policies have become more prevalent in college admissions, a trend that has been further exacerbated by the pandemic. While many institutions, including some of the best colleges, have extended or even made these policies permanent, prominent public universities and tech schools, particularly in the South, are taking a different stance and are returning to mandating standardized examinations. This hybrid strategy draws attention to the ongoing discussion over the usefulness of standardized tests in assessing student potential and emphasizes the need for students to remain aware of these changing admissions tactics.

So, if you’re wondering if a school on your list is still requiring standardized tests, keep reading to find out.

Note: Please make sure to check the official website of the school you’re applying to. Some schools may recommend taking standardized tests, but it’s not required. However, especially if the school is highly selective, a recommendation should generally be viewed as a requirement.

Many colleges still place a high value on your SAT or ACT score in the competitive college admissions landscape of today. CollegeVine’s free chancing engine provides a comprehensive solution to understand how your test scores, along with other profile elements like GPA and extracurriculars, affect your chances of acceptance.

With the help of this tool, you can include test results, extracurricular activities, and grades in your profile. Its special feature allows you to play around with different parameters, like possible higher SAT scores, to see how they might affect your chances of getting in. If you’re thinking about retaking the SAT or ACT and want to see how it might affect your college applications, this can be very helpful.

Related CollegeVine Blog Posts

Colleges That Require SAT Essay | We Compiled the Comprehensive List

Increasingly, colleges across the United States are showing preference to applicants that have sat and passed the non-compulsory SAT with essay test.  Given that the SAT with essay is technically an optional extra, its importance can be underestimated or overlooked entirely. Nevertheless, students that take the SAT essay at high school (or later) are statistically more likely to get into their preferred colleges than those who take the basic SAT without the essay alone.

But which colleges require the SAT essay as a fundamental prerequisite for successful college admissions and does the SAT essay matter ? How many other colleges recommend the SAT essay as a preferable educational achievement, though will still consider applications from those that did not take the SAT essay?

An Overview of the Optional SAT Essay

The SAT essay was added to the test in March 2016 as non-compulsory, which has since been taken by millions of high school  students and adult learners across the US. The SAT essay is an non-compulsory additional section to the standard test, which gives students 50 minutes to read and to critically analyze a passage of text and scrutinize the author’s argument.

Put simply, you write a brief passage of text of your own, analyzing how well or otherwise the author got their point across, and your justifications for your arguments. Test scores are then assigned, in accordance with the quality of your  responses.

Taking the SAT with the essay costs slightly more, though it’s a small price to pay - given how many colleges and universities recommend the SAT essay. Of course, in each scenarios you need to be familiar with ways to study for the SAT and know when to take the SAT .

Note: don’t fall into the trap of assuming the school you take the SAT at will automatically sign you up for the essay portion of the test. If you want to take the SAT with essay, you’ll need to indicate this at the time of your application.

Prep Tips for SAT Test and SAT Essay Takers

Whether you plan on taking the base SAT alone or the SAT with essay, we strongly recommend checking out these top-rated SAT prep books and look at the  different states SAT scores   to get your started. In addition, we also reviewed a series of popular SAT prep courses that provide a detailed overview of what to expect on the day.

There’s no such thing as being too prepared - getting started on your test prep 3-6 months ahead of time comes highly recommended.

How Much Does SAT Essay Score Matter?

It's generally recommended to aim for an SAT essay score of at least a 6 out of 8 on Reading, Analysis, and Writing.

Combined with a good overall SAT score in the 75th percentile, this should be more than enough to be considered eligible by colleges that require the SAT essay.

Which Schools Require or Recommend the Optional SAT Essay?

The list of universities and colleges that require the SAT essay is changing all the time. While some universities consider SAT and SAT essay scores alongside other criteria, some have made the SAT essay a fundamental requirement for all applicants.

What’s interesting to note is that while more schools than ever before expect students to take the non-compulsory writing portion, the vast majority of Ivy League schools are excluded from the list. Harvard University, MIT, Princeton and so on - none of these elite colleges require the essay as standard.

It’s therefore a case of considering the schools and colleges you want to apply for, before deciding whether or not to take the test with the optional essay section.

Should You Take the SAT with the Optional Essay Portion?

Some academics argue that if you’re going to take the test at all, you may as well take the essay while you’re at it. The additional cost is negligible and it’s not as if a huge amount of additional test prep is necessary. Plus, it’s true to say that any additional accolades on your educational profile could come in useful at a later date.

If you’re still undecided as to whether to take the SAT essay or skip it, consider the following before making your final decision:

1. Do any of the schools you’re interested in or colleges require or recommend the essay? If not, is there a chance they may require the non-compulsory SAT with essay at some point in the future?

2. If you are planning to apply to a college or university under a scholarship program, have you checked whether a specific SAT score and essay score is required?

3. Even if the college you want to apply to doesn’t formerly require the SAT essay, could a good essay SAT score give you an advantage over your rival applicants?

4. Could taking the non-compulsory SAT essay also give you an advantage over rival candidates in the future where job opportunities and promotion prospects are concerned?

What’s important to remember is that even if the non-compulsory SAT essay isn’t a formal requirement, this doesn’t mean it couldn’t prove helpful in other ways. 

By taking the non-compulsory SAT essay, you demonstrate to college boards and employers alike that you’re committed to both your education and your personal development. Something that could prove instrumental in giving you the edge over rival applicants - both when looking to get into college and job seeking.

SAT Essay  FAQs:

1. how do you start an sat essay.

• Check out the following when creating your SAT essay.
• Distinguish the SAT essay scoring system.
• Study sample passages and SAT Essay prompts.
• Choose professional writing and editorial Outlets.
• Prep with Practice Essays to improve your writing skills.
• Read your test day SAT Essay passage thoroughly.
• Commence with an Outline.

2. Can you skip the SAT essay?

Students aren't required to take the SAT Essay. This is non- compulsory, but many colleges, recommend or require the sat essay. If you don't register for the SAT with Essay at first, you can add it later. You can use an SAT fee waiver to take the SAT or the SAT with Essay.

3. Can the SAT essay hurt your score?

The SAT writing score is produced by the multiple-choice section of the exam, while your SAT essay score hails from a brand new part of the exam. This can be the SAT Essay section, which stands untreated and does not affect your SAT score in multiple-choice sections.

4. What to expect when taking SAT essay?

SAT Essay comprises of one passage between 650 and 750 words that you read and respond to. To create or write your essay, you need to be very focus on how the author uses evidence, reasoning, and other rhetorical techniques to build an argument and make it convincing.

5. Do colleges look at SAT essay scores?

In line with the College Board's SAT Suite of Assessments Annual Report, 68% of test-takers opted to make an essay. Some schools don't require the essay. They may recommend taking it. Other schools may not just study your essay score with the admissions process.

Leonard Haggin

I created this site to help students like you learn from the experiences my team had learned during our extensive academic careers. I am now studying Law at Stanford, but I also make time to write articles here in order to help all you fellow students advance in your academic careers and beyond. I hope our efforts on Study Prep Lounge will arm you with the knowledge you need to overcome whatever trial or test you find in front of you.

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Some top schools are bringing back ACT and SAT requirements — but most colleges are still test-optional. Here's what you need to know.

• Some colleges that were test-optional during the pandemic are requiring SAT or ACT scores again.
• Those schools have said that having scores will help them recruit a more diverse student body.
• Still, the majority of colleges in the country are remaining test-optional.

Some colleges are bringing standardized testing requirements back to their admissions processes after nixing them during the pandemic.

But they're still not in the majority.

Since the start of 2024, some prestigious schools announced they will once again require SAT or ACT scores in prospective students' applications. Dartmouth, for example, announced in February that while it took on the "test-optional" policy in response to the pandemic, it will be reinstating the testing requirement for the class of 2029.

"Our bottom line is simple: we believe a standardized testing requirement will improve—not detract from—our ability to bring the most promising and diverse students to our campus," the university said in a statement.

Yale and Brown made similar announcements, saying they conducted studies that found requiring testing allowed them to attract the most diverse student body.

"Our analysis made clear that SAT and ACT scores are among the key indicators that help predict a student's ability to succeed and thrive in Brown's demanding academic environment," Brown's Provost Francis Doyle said in a statement.

However, these elite schools are still outnumbered by the colleges that decided standardized testing stood in the way of otherwise-qualified applicants. According to the National Center for Fair and Open Testing, more than 80% of colleges will be test-optional for fall 2025 admissions.

"Test-optional policies continue to dominate at national universities, state flagships, and selective liberal arts colleges because they typically result in more applicants, academically stronger applicants and more diversity," FairTest Executive Director Harry Feder said in a statement.

The pros and cons surrounding standardized testing have been long-debated . While some argue the tests can put lower-income students at a disadvantage because they might not have access to the same tutoring resources that wealthier students have, others argue the tests give students from all backgrounds a way to show their skills — and give schools an easy way to choose who they should admit.

Dominique Baker, an associate professor at the University of Delaware who researches education policy — primarily financial aid and admissions policies — told Business Insider that the schools that are reinstating testing requirements right now didn't choose to go test-optional because they thought it was "a good policy decision." The pandemic forced them to do so because students couldn't get to testing sites, and that's no longer an issue.

"The institutions we're currently talking about, they're requiring tests again and didn't necessarily want to ever stop requiring tests," Baker said. "That matters."

Related stories

Here's what students should know about the schools changing their policies this year — and what it could mean for them.

The return of some testing requirements

While many of the Ivy League schools that are reinstating testing requirements cited their aim to help broaden diversity on campus, some other schools have put forth slightly different reasons for their shift in policies.

The University of Texas-Austin, for example, announced its reinstatement of testing requirements in March after shifting to test-optional during the pandemic. Its reason: requiring testing scores would help the school choose between many high school seniors with high GPAs.

"Our experience during the test-optional period reinforced that standardized testing is a valuable tool for deciding who is admitted and making sure those students are placed in majors that are the best fit," the university's president Jay Hartzell said in a statement. "Also, with an abundance of high school GPAs surrounding 4.0, especially among our auto-admits, an SAT or ACT score is a proven differentiator that is in each student's and the University's best interest."

However, other schools that adopted test-optional during the pandemic have chosen to maintain the practice. The University of Michigan, for example, announced in February that it would be formally adopting a test-optional admissions policy. It said that since the fall of 2020, the school saw "a significant increase in applications from students from all backgrounds," suggesting that a test-optional policy opened the door for a more diverse student body.

What it means for schools and students

One reason some schools have wanted to maintain test score requirements, Baker said, is because of their link to financial aid. While some financial aid is need-based — or based on a student or family's income level — a college can choose to award aid based on merit, which it evaluates using a student's GPA or test scores.

"Frequently, the most generous state financial aid that those states offer require test scores. And so what the state could do is they could say, 'We did a really short pause, but now we're going back to requiring test scores for these financial aid pieces,'" Baker said. "And state legislatures could also encourage institutions to go back to requiring tests. So I also think that there is a role that politics plays within this."

On top of that, the wide range of testing policies can be confusing for students. For many schools, the two test-optional and testing-required categories are just umbrellas — there can be different policies within each college, like requiring tests for an honors program but not for regular admission.

Even so, data has shown students have continued to take tests despite applying to schools with test-optional policies. According to the College Board, 1.9 million students in the high school class of 2023 took the SAT at least once, an increase from 1.7 million in 2022.

Moving forward, Baker said it's important that if more schools choose to switch their testing policies, they consider the announcement's timing.

"The more times you take the test, the better your score is. So if an institution announces in February or March that they're going to be requiring tests for the fall, then students really do not have a ton of time to take them," Baker said. "And so I do think that the timing of the announcement and the timing of when the policy takes effect really, really matter."

Watch: Why student loans aren't canceled, and what Biden's going to do about it

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Colleges That Do Not Require the SAT and ACT

If you're looking for a list of US colleges that do not require the SAT and ACT, you've come to the right spot. Are you already feeling anxious about testing for the SATs or ACTs? Are you trying to figure out how to get into a US college with a low SAT or ACT score? What if there was a way to skip SAT and ACT prep altogether? This blog provides a list of colleges that do not require the SAT and ACT in the US and discusses tips to boost your application via college essays and other application components.

>> Want us to help you get accepted? Schedule a free strategy call here . <<

Article Contents 9 min read

For students interested in pursuing higher education, there are several US colleges that do not require the SAT and ACT. Generally, these colleges may use a holistic review process that considers a range of factors in addition to academic performance, such as high school transcripts, college recommendation letters , personal statements or essays, extracurricular activities for college , and/or interviews.

Ivy Leagues

Brown University

Columbia University

Cornell University

Harvard University

University of Pennsylvania

Princeton University

University of California (UC) System Schools

UC Berkeley

UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)

UC Riverside

UC San Diego

UC San Francisco

UC Santa Barbara

UC Santa Cruz

Other Colleges

University of Chicago, IL

Wake Forest University, NC

New York University, NY

Wesleyan University, CT

Smith College, MA

Bowdoin College, ME

Bates College, ME

George Washington University, DC

Oregon State University, OR

University of Oregon, OR

Hampshire College, MA

Colorado College, CO

Pitzer College, CA

University of Arizona, AZ

University of Colorado Boulder, CO

University of Illinois at Chicago, IL

University of Iowa, IA

University of Louisville, KY

University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE

Test-optional colleges are universities that can grant admission to students without requiring them to submit SAT or ACT scores. These colleges are a good option for students who have not taken these exams, but they may also be a good choice for students who have taken them but did not score well. Most of the colleges we list above are test-optional, including the hardest and easiest Ivy Leagues to get into . It's important to understand what test-optional truly means. A school will not require SAT or ACT scores if it is test-optional. But they will still review and consider them as part of your application. It does not mean that SAT and ACT scores are no reviewed at all.

Only schools that are "test blind" do not look at standardized test scores at all. Test blind is a rare policy, and only a handful of schools follow it. However, the University of California (UC) system we list above recently became test blind, and the policy is slowly becoming more common.

Working on your essay? Check this out:

How to Increase Chances of Admission to Colleges that Do Not Require SAT or ACT

Students who choose to apply without submitting their test scores will be evaluated based on their academic profile, particularly their GPA, so if you are wondering how to get into college with a low GPA , these schools may not be your best bet. However, other factors play a vital role in the admission process. These factors include:

For test-optional colleges, where standardized test scores are not required for admission, the importance of a student's GPA (Grade Point Average) increases significantly. Since the college does not have the SAT or ACT scores to evaluate the student's academic performance, the GPA becomes a crucial factor in assessing their academic potential.

What is considered a good GPA for test-optional colleges can vary depending on the college and the competitiveness of the applicant pool. Generally, a GPA of 3.0 or higher (on a 4.0 scale) is considered good for many test-optional colleges. However, more competitive colleges may require a higher GPA, such as 3.5 or above.

A strong GPA indicates that the student has consistently performed well throughout their high school years and has a good academic foundation, which makes them more likely to succeed in college. Therefore, it's essential for students to maintain a high GPA and demonstrate their academic strengths through their transcripts, essays, and other application materials when applying to test-optional colleges.

Letters of Recommendation

Strong letters of recommendation from high school teachers, seniors, or internship supervisors can significantly benefit your application and make it stand out. The number of letters of recommendation required for test-optional colleges in the US can vary depending on the college and the specific program to which a student is applying.

Generally, most colleges require two to three letters of recommendation from high school teachers or counselors. However, some colleges may require more or fewer letters, and some may have specific requirements for who can write the letters, such as requiring at least one letter from a math or science teacher.

The letters will typically follow this outline:

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It's essential for students to check the specific requirements of each college to which they are applying and to give their recommenders ample time to write and submit their letters of recommendation.

College Admissions Essay

The Common App essay and other college admissions essays are a crucial factor that can make or break your chances of getting into a college. Even if your GPA is low, a well-written essay can help you get admitted to your dream college. The admissions statement should explain why you want to attend college, what makes you qualified, and your areas of interest.

Most colleges in the US use Common App application system and the Coalition App. Both of these systems allow students to apply to multiple colleges using a single application. One of the features of these application systems is the initial essay, which is not specific to any school and is known as the "common essay" or "personal statement."

The purpose of the common essay is to provide students with an opportunity to showcase their personality, background, and unique qualities to college admissions officers. The essay prompts are broad and open-ended, allowing students to choose a topic that is meaningful to them and that they feel will help them stand out from other applicants.

This is your opportunity to express why higher education is important to you and how you can make a great addition to the campuses you apply to. Remember that this is a story – you need to create a compelling narrative that will attract the reader. 

Supplemental Essays

Supplemental college essays provide an opportunity for you to showcase your critical thinking skills and demonstrate what makes you unique. They are a way for the college to evaluate your writing proficiency and experimental thinking.

Unlike the admissions essay, supplemental essays are school-specific, so they should be addressed to each school directly. To stand out, research each school you write supplementals for and try to come up with examples of events or experiences that reflect your suitability for reach school.

Extracurricular Activities

Participating in extracurricular activities can add value to your application and make it more attractive to the admission council, especially if you have not taken the SAT or ACT. You can demonstrate these in the Common App Activities section , the UC activities and awards section , or other activities sections of the application system you are using.

In test-optional college applications, extracurricular activities that demonstrate longevity, progress, and commitment over time can enhance a student's application and showcase their dedication and leadership skills.

In addition to activities, having experience in your field of study, such as through projects or internships, can make your application even more attractive to the admission council.

While test-optional colleges do not require SAT or ACT scores, they still consider various factors when evaluating applicants. Putting effort into all aspects of your application is vital to increase your chances of admission.

Taking a standardized test provides students with the most options for college applications, as they can choose whether or not to submit their scores to test-optional schools. If students have already taken or plan to take the SAT or ACT before the college application deadlines, it is recommended that they do so, as their scores may be higher than expected, and even if not, they are not required to submit them if they decide to apply to a test-optional school.

Deciding on Submitting SAT or ACT Scores

When considering applying to a college with a test-optional policy, keep in mind that submitting strong SAT or ACT scores can enhance your application. While choosing not to submit test scores won't negatively impact your application, it also means that you're missing out on an opportunity to bolster your application.

Therefore, if your test scores are impressive, it's recommended that you submit them to maximize your chances of being admitted to your desired institution.

So, how do you decide? Here are some guidelines:

When to Submit Your Scores

You should consider submitting your scores even to colleges that do not require the SAT and ACT if:

•  The school still recommends submitting scores if you can
• You have strong test scores (at or near the 75th percentile)
• You lack other strong test scores (IB Tests, AP tests, etc.) to send

When Not to Submit Your Scores

You should avoid submitting your scores to colleges that do not require the SAT and ACT if:

• You have low test scores (below the 50th percentile)
• You excel in other application areas (extracurriculars, class rank, GPA, etc.), making up for lacking test scores
• You have strong test scores from other exams (IB Tests, AP tests, etc.) that you will submit

If you have the opportunity to take the SAT or ACT, it's worth considering submitting your scores if you believe they will boost your application. Even if you're applying to a test-optional institution, SAT and ACT scores can still be a factor in the admissions process.

However, it's important to assess your scores realistically. If you don't think they will add value to your application, it's best not to submit them. Remember that colleges that don't require standardized tests won't hold it against you for not having scores, but you still need to showcase your strengths in other areas of your application to increase your chances of acceptance.

Do you have a low GPA? Check this out:

Here are a few expert tips on getting into colleges that do not require the SAT and ACT without submitting test scores.

Tip #1: Focus on Extracurricular Activities

One way to strengthen an application without test scores is to focus on extracurricular activities. Colleges are interested in students with a wide range of interests who are active in their communities. This can include involvement in clubs, sports, volunteer work, internships, or other activities that demonstrate leadership, creativity, and a commitment to making a difference.

Students passionate about a particular area, whether music, theater, or science, should showcase their talents in their application and highlight any achievements or awards they have received.

Tip #2: Spend Time Working on the Essay

Another way to enhance an application without test scores is to focus on the essay. The essay is a critical part of the application, allowing students to showcase their personality, writing skills, and values.

Students who choose to apply without test scores should take the time to write a thoughtful and compelling essay that tells a story about who they are and what they hope to achieve. They should focus on their strengths and unique qualities and avoid repeating information that can be found elsewhere in the application.

Tip #3: Be Strategic

It is also essential for students who choose to apply without test scores to be strategic in their college selection process. Not all colleges are test-optional; some may place more weight on test scores than others.

Students should research the admission requirements of each college on their list and choose those that fit their academic profile and goals well. They should also consider applying to a mix of reach, target, and safety schools to maximize their admission chances.

Tip #4: Anticipate Explanations

Finally, students who choose to apply without test scores should be prepared to explain why they made this choice. This can be done in the essay or a separate statement included with the application.

Students should be honest about their reasons for not submitting test scores and emphasize their strengths and achievements in other areas. They should demonstrate that they are capable of succeeding in college without relying on standardized test scores.

Will Test Scores Be Required Again for Admissions in the Future?

Many colleges in the US have made the move to become test-optional, meaning that students are not required to submit standardized test scores as part of their admission applications. However, this move has been temporary for some colleges, while others have announced that they will be permanently test optional.

For example, Trinity University is using the temporary period as a trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a test-optional policy. At the same time, the University of Oregon has announced that it will continue to be test-optional even after the pandemic. Nonetheless, many colleges have not yet made a final decision on whether to continue their test-optional policies after the pandemic.

The trend towards becoming test-optional has gained momentum as colleges aim to attract a more diverse pool of applicants without putting students at a disadvantage due to circumstances outside of their control, such as test centers being shut down or financial constraints.

It's been widely observed that students from affluent families tend to perform better on standardized tests like the SAT and ACT, creating an unfair advantage during college admissions. The results of these studies have led to a growing number of colleges and universities dropping the test requirement altogether, thereby providing a more equitable admission process for students from underprivileged backgrounds.

Yes, many colleges and universities now offer test-optional or test-flexible admission policies that allow students to apply without submitting ACT or SAT scores. However, these colleges may still require other materials, such as high school transcripts, letters of recommendation, and essays, to evaluate an applicant's academic qualifications and potential.

It depends on the college or university. While some colleges still require the SAT for admission, many others have adopted test-optional or test-flexible policies that allow students to apply without submitting SAT scores. It's important to check the admission requirements of each individual college to determine whether the SAT is required.

Yes, there are some colleges that do not accept SAT scores. These colleges typically use a holistic review process that evaluates an applicant's academic record, extracurricular activities, personal qualities, and other factors to determine admission.

Yes, all eight Ivy League schools have adopted test-optional policies that allow students to apply without submitting SAT or ACT scores. However, it's important to note that these schools still consider a range of other factors in their admission decisions, including academic achievement, extracurricular activities, and personal qualities.

Yes, Harvard is one of the Ivy League schools that have adopted test-optional policies, which means that students can apply without submitting SAT or ACT scores. However, like other Ivy League schools, Harvard still evaluates applicants based on a range of other factors, such as academic record, extracurricular activities, and personal qualities.

Yes, it is okay if you don't take the ACT. Many colleges and universities have adopted test-optional or test-flexible admission policies that allow students to apply without submitting standardized test scores. However, it's important to check the admission requirements of each individual college to determine whether the ACT is required.

There are many US universities that do not require SAT scores for admission, including the University of Chicago, Wake Forest University, and the University of California system. However, admission requirements may vary by program and major, so it's important to check with each individual college to determine their most up-to-date admission policies.

Not submitting SAT scores may or may not hurt your chances of admission, depending on the college or university. While some schools require standardized test scores for admission, many others have adopted test-optional or test-flexible policies that allow students to apply without submitting scores. If you choose not to submit SAT scores, your application will be evaluated based on other factors, such as your academic record, extracurricular activities, and personal qualities.

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Test-Optional Colleges: List of Colleges NOT Requiring SAT Scores

By MARISSA DANIEL

Sitting for hours in a quiet room answering multiple-choice questions is not most people’s idea of a good time. Test-optional colleges are becoming much more common as coronavirus sweeps the nation, and a lot of colleges recognize this and have created admissions policies for students to attend their institutions without writing these examinations. For students with low scoring SAT/ACT grades, this means a sigh of relief, because most of these colleges will accept essays, portfolios, and other demonstrations of academic potential in place of standardized test scores. Below is a list of some of the top-ranked test-optional schools for students to explore that will open up options for education without the need to write a major exam.

Test optional Colleges

There are over a thousand colleges across the US that have changed their approach to emphasizing standardized test scores. Since the coronavirus pandemic, many schools have actually updated their admissions policy to reflect the current challenges of taking the SATs and ACTs safely. Regardless of a pandemic, test optional policies are a growing trend in admissions guidelines, which allow students to decide whether or not to include their SAT or ACT scores in their college application. This lets applicants decide if their scores accurately reflect their academic ability. However, many of these schools only allow flexibility for students applying to certain programs or college majors. Students will still have to demonstrate their academic abilities in other ways, but for students who did not score well on their SAT, a college with a flexible admissions policy may be the answer to acceptance.

For the 2021 academic year, the following have become test-optional colleges due to the coronavirus:

Abilene Christian University (TX)(2021 only)

Adelphi University (NY)(2021 only)

Alabama A&M University (AL)(2021 only)

Alabama State University (AL)(2021 only)

Albion College (MI)(2021 only)

Alfred University (NY)(2021 only)

Amherst College (MA)(2020-2021)

Anderson College (IN)(2021+)

Arcadia University (PA)(2021+)

Arizona State University (AZ) (2021 only) *No Official Announcement yet, have only emailed prospective HS juniors the news*

Auburn University (AL) (2021 only)

Babson University (MA) (2021-2022)

Baldwin Wallace University (OH)(2021 only)(minimum 3.0 HS GPA)

Barnard College (NY)(2021 only)

Barry University (FL) (All Applicants)

Baylor University (TX)(2021 only)

Beloit College (WI)(2021+)

Bentley College (MA)(2021-2022)

Berry College (GA)(2021+)

Bethel University (MN)(All Applicants)

Biola University (CA)(2021 only)

Bluffton University (OH)(2021+)

Boston University (MA) (2021-2022)

Buena Vista University (IA)(2021 only)

Bradley University (IL)(2021+)

Brown University (RI)(2021 only)

Bucknell University (PA)(2021 only)

Butler University (IN)(All Applicants)

Caldwell University (NJ)(2021-2024)

California Lutheran University (CA)(All Applicants)

California State University ALL Campuses (CA)(2021 only)

Carleton College (MN) (2021 only)

Carnegie Mellon University (PA)(2021 only)

Carroll University (WI)(2021 only)

Case Western Reserve University (OH)(2021)

Centre College (KY)(2021-2024)

Chapman University (CA)(2021+)

Chestnut Hill (PA)(2021 only)

Claremont-Mckenna (CA)(2021 only)

Clarkson University (NY)(2020-2021)

Coastal Carolina (SC)(2021 only for applicants with HS GPA of 3.5+)

College of Charleston (SC)(2021 only)

College of New Jersey (NJ)(2021-2024)

College of William & Mary (VA)(2021-2024)

College of Saint Benedict (MN)(2021+)

Colgate University (NY) (2021 only)

Columbia University (NY) (2021 only)

Cooper Union (NY)(2021 only)

Corban University (OR)(2021 only)

Cornell University (NY)(2020-2021 only)

Creighton University (NE)(2021 only)

Dartmouth College (NH)(2021+)

Davidson College (NC)(2021-2024)

Dominican University (CA)(2021 only)

Drexel University (PA)(2021+)

Drury University (MO)(2021 only)

Eastern Washington University (WA)(2021+)

Duke University (IL)(2021 only)

Eckerd College (FL)(2021 only)

Elon University (NC)(2021-2024)

Fordham University (NY)(2021-2022)

George Fox University (OR)(2021+)

Gonzaga University (WA)(2021 only)

Grand Valley State University (MI)(2021)

Greenville University (IL)(2021 only)

Grinnell College (IA)(2021 only)

Hamilton University (NY) (2021-2022)

Hampden-Sydney College (VA)(2021 only)

Harvard University (MA)(2021 only)

Haverford College (PA)(2021-2024)

Hawai’i Pacific University (HI)(2021-2024)

Hollins University (VA)(2021 only)

Humboldt State University (CA) (2021 only)

Husson University (ME)(2021+)

Illinois State University (IL)(2021+)

Indiana Tech (IN) (2021+)

Indiana University Northwest (CA)(2020-2021)

John Hopkins University (MD)(2021 only)

Kenyon College (OH)(2021 only)

Lafayette College (PA)(2021 only)

Lamar University (TX)(2021+)

Lawrence Technological University (MI)(2021 only)

Lehigh University (PA)(2021 only)

Loyola Marymount University (CA)(2021 only)

Loyola University New Orleans (LA)(Test-Blind)

Luther College (IA) (2021 only)

Macalester College (MN)(2021+)(Application Fee Required)

Marietta College (OH)(2021-2022)

Mars Hill University (NC)(2021 only)

Massachusetts Maritime Academy (MA)(2021 only)

Meredith College (NC)(2021 only)

Michigan State University (MI)(2021 only)

Middlebury College (VT)(2021-2023)

Missouri Western State University (MO) (All Applicants)

Montana State University (MT)(2021 only with HS GPA of 3.0+)

Mount Mercy University (IA)(2020-2021)

Murray State University (KT)(2020-2021)

Neumann University (PA)(2021+)

New York Institute of Technology (NY)(2021 only)

Northeastern University (MA)(2021-2022)

Northwestern University (NC)(2021 only)

Oakland University (MI)(2021 only)

Oberlin College (OH)(2021-2024)

Occidental College (CA)(2021 only)

Ohio University (OH)(2021+)

Olin College of Engineering (MA)(2021 only)

Pennsylvania State University (PA)(2021 only)

Pomona College (CA)(2021 only)

Portland State University (OR)(All Applicants)

Princeton University (NJ)(2021 only)

Regis University (CO)(2021+)

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (NY)(2021 only)

Rhodes College (TN)(2021-2024)

Rice University (TX)(2021 only)

Rochester Institute of Technology (NY)(2021+)

Rutgers University (NJ)(2021 only)

Saint John’s University (MN)(2021+)

Santa Clara University (CA)(2021-2022 only)

San Diego State University (CA)(2021 only)

San Francisco State University (CA)(2021 only)

San Jose State University (CA)(2021 only)

Scripps College (CA)(All Applicants)

Simmons University(MA)(2021 only)

Sonoma State University (CA)(Test Blind 2021)

Stanford University (CA)(2021 only)

Seattle University (WA)(2021+)

St. Edwards University (TX)(2021+)

St. Olaf (MN)(All Applicants)

Swathmore College (PA)(2021-2022)

Texas Christian (TX)(2021 only)

Texas Lutheran University (TX)(2021 only)

Texas Tech University (TX)(2021 only)

Trinity University (TX)(2021-2024)

Troy University (Al)(2021+)

Tufts University (MA)(2021-2024)

Tulane University (LA)(2021 only)

Oregon State University (OR)(2021+)

University of Alaska, Fairbanks (AK)(2021 only)

University of California, Berkeley (CA)(Test Optional until 2022, Test Blind 2022+)

University of California, Davis (CA)(Test Optional until 2022, Test Blind 2022+)

University of California, Irvine (CA)(Test Optional until 2022, Test Blind 2022+)

University of California, Los Angeles (CA)(Test Optional until 2022, Test Blind 2022+)

University of California, Riverside (CA)(Test Optional until 2022, Test Blind 2022+)

University of California, San Diego (CA)(Test Optional until 2022, Test Blind 2022+)

University of California, San Francisco (CA)(Test Optional until 2022, Test Blind 2022+)

University of California, Santa Barbara (CA)(Test Optional until 2022, Test Blind 2022+)

University of Chicago (IL)(2021+)

University of Cincinnati (OH)(2021 only)

University of Connecticut (PN)(2021-2024)

University of the Cumberlands (KY)(2021+)

University of Dallas (TX)(2021 only)

University of Delaware (DE)(2021 only)

University of Hawai’i Manoa (HI)(2021 only)

University of Illinois – Chicago (IL)(2021 only)

University of Illinois – Springfield (IL)(2021 only)

University of Louisville (KY)(2021 only)

University of Memphis (TN)(2021 only)

University of Miami (FL)(2021 only)

University of Mobile (AL)(2021+)(Minimum HS GPA of 2.75)

University of Montana (MT)(2021 only)

University of New England (ME)(2021+)

University of Oregon (OR)(2021+)

University of Pennsylvania (PA)(2021 only)

University of Richmond (VA)(2021 only)

University of San Diego (CA)(2021+)

University of St. Francis (IL)(2021 only)

University of Tulsa (OK)(2021 only)

(USC)University of Southern California – Los Angeles (CA)(2021 only)

University of Southern Indiana (IN)(2021+)

University of Washington (WA)(2021 only)

UNT Dallas (TX)(2021 only)

Vassar College (NY)(2020-2021)

Villanova University (PA)(2021 only)

Virginia Tech (VA)(2021 only)

Washington and Lee University (VA)(2021 only)

Washington University in St. Louis (MO)(2021 only)

Wellesley College (MA)(2021 only)

Western Michigan University (MI)(2021 only)

West Virginia Wesleyan (WV) (2021 only)

Widener University (PA)(2021 only)

William Woods University (MO)(2021 only)

Williams College (MA)(2021 only)

Wooster College (OH)(2021+)

Yale University (CT)(2021 only)

Youngstown State University (OH)(2021 only)

The following schools have and will remain test-optional beyond the 2021 academic school year:

American University (DC)

Bates College

Bennington College

Bowdoin College

Bryn Mawr College

Clark University

College of Atlantic

Cornell College

Dickinson College

Earlham College

The George Washington University

Hamilton College

Hofstra University

Knox College

Pitzer College

Saint Lawrence University

Sarah Lawrence College

Skidmore College

Smith College

Texas A&M University

Trinity College

Union College

University of Chicago

University of Iowa

University of Rochester

Wake Forest University

Wesleyan University

Wofford College

For a complete list of test-optional colleges, visit the National Center for Fair and Open Testing at fairtest.org

The test-flexible colleges

Some schools offer a test-flexible option that allows students to submit different credentials in place of their SAT scores. Depending on the school, students can submit AP scores or even SAT section scores (in place of the overall mark) for specific programs, while some even waive test scores altogether in favor of a GPA minimum. The qualifications vary from school to school so it is important to research what requirements will be needed for each individual college before submitting an application.

Some great options for test-flexible schools are:

Brandeis University

Colby College

Colorado College

Middlebury College

New York University

Test-blind (rare)

Currently the Hampshire College in Amherst, MA is the only Test Blind school in the US. They actually reject scores that are sent in and do not weigh them into their decision-making process. Test scores aren’t everything and luckily for prospective undergraduates, more schools are taking a flexible approach to admissions. This doesn’t replace hard work and a studious approach to education, it simply eliminates some of the barriers to higher education that many students face.

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Read original post: https://www.collegelifetoday.com/blog/tips/college-not-requiring-sat

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How to write your college essay

The SAT is coming back at some colleges. It’s stressing everyone out.

A patchwork of admissions test policies is wreaking havoc on students, parents and college admissions consultants.

A California mother drove 80 miles this month to find an SAT testing center with an open seat where her high school junior could take the exam. During college tours this spring, a teen recalled hearing some would-be applicants groan when admissions staffers announced they could not guarantee test-optional policies would continue.

And across the country, college counselors are fielding questions from teenagers alarmed, encouraged or simply confused by what seems like the return of the standardized test in admissions — maybe? Sort of? In some places, but not in others?

“You could be expecting and preparing for a certain way to apply to a college and present yourself — but then they change it mid-application process,” said Kai Talbert, a 17-year-old high school junior in Pennsylvania. “That’s really confusing. It can set back a lot of people.”

Colleges nationwide have been updating their coronavirus-era policies on standardized testing, which many dropped when the pandemic shut down in-person testing centers. Some of the most selective schools are declaring they will require tests again — including, across the last two months, Dartmouth College and Yale and Brown universities. Others, such as the University of Chicago and Columbia University, won’t. And still others have not yet picked a permanent policy: Princeton, Stanford, Cornell and the University of Pennsylvania have said they will remain test-optional for another year or two, and Harvard University plans to keep its test-optional policy at least through the 2025-26 application cycle.

Public universities have veered in different directions, too: The University of Tennessee system requires tests. The University of Michigan will be test-optional. The University of California system is test-blind, meaning schools refuse to consider SAT or ACT scores for admissions.

The patchwork of policies is wreaking havoc on applicants, parents and college admissions consultants nationwide, who are being forced to recalculate where and how they are willing to apply — or what to tell anxious teenagers about whether to test, retest or skip testing entirely — as decisions keep rolling out in real time.

Laurie Kopp Weingarten, founder of One-Stop College Counseling in New Jersey, said she has a new response whenever a student gives her a list of their school targets. She starts by going down the list, school by school, to review each institution’s testing rules and whether those seem likely to change.

Taking a breath, Weingarten rattled off a summary of the different testing requirements in place at every Ivy League school. It took her three minutes.

“Even just saying it, it sounds like insanity to me, and then we’re expecting kids to understand this?” Weingarten said. “Colleges should really analyze the data, come up with a decision and stop changing their mind.”

The shifting testing expectations are among many changes roiling college admissions this year. Colleges are still grappling with the fallout from the landmark Supreme Court ruling that ended the use of race-based affirmative action in admissions. Many are undertaking an array of experiments in response to the decision in a bid to maintain diverse admitted classes — ending legacy preferences in some cases, adding essay prompts on adversity or identity in others, or increasing outreach in low-income areas.

And the disastrous rollout of a federal financial aid form that was supposed to simplify the notoriously difficult process has left students, parents and schools scrambling .

This is the most hectic and distressing admissions cycle in recent memory, said Jennifer Nuechterlein, a college and career counselor at a New Jersey high school. She laid special blame on schools that reinstated testing mandates in the past two months, some of which affect the high school juniors who will begin applying in the fall. This class of teens will have to take the SAT or ACT, should they decide to do so, within the next six months.

“Students can’t just test overnight,” Nuechterlein said. “There are students who want to prep, there are students who are not math- or English-ready. ... Students are going to be unprepared.”

For the most ambitious, high-achieving students, the tests are another stressful hurdle to clear as they apply to the most selective colleges. And for many other students, the test scores — even if not required for admission — are mandatory if they want to qualify for some financial aid programs or, on some campuses, certain degree programs.

Critics of standardized tests have argued that they mirror, or exacerbate, societal inequities, in part because students from unstable homes or with limited resources cannot afford SAT or ACT tutors or testing preparation classes, or may not know of free resources such as Khan Academy . Even before the pandemic, some schools had moved to make the scores optional to avoid creating another barrier for students.

Then the pandemic hit, spurring a crisis response when students literally could not access spaces in which to take standardized tests, said Dominique J. Baker, a University of Delaware associate professor of education and public policy who studies admissions policies.

“There were a number of institutions that never would have chosen to have gone test-optional except the pandemic made them,” she said. “Those institutions, by and large, are going back to requiring test scores.”

MIT, Georgetown University and the University of Florida are among schools that quickly chose to reinstate the requirements, with MIT announcing the change in 2022. Many others have spent the years since the virus arrived studying what effect going test-optional had on their admitted classes.

At Brown, Yale and Dartmouth, officials said they had found something surprising: Considering test scores would help them identify more promising applicants from disadvantaged backgrounds, not fewer. After looking at their own data, leaders at the three Ivy League schools say they concluded that SAT and ACT scores are highly predictive of students’ academic performance in college, more so than high school grades. They also found that some less-advantaged students withheld their scores when sharing them would have boosted their chances.

Depriving admissions officers of SAT and ACT scores meant they were less able to evaluate an applicant’s chances of thriving at Brown, Provost Francis J. Doyle III said in an interview this month .

“Our analysis suggested our admissions could be more effective if we brought back testing as an instrument,” Doyle said.

The University of Texas at Austin is also choosing to require testing again, the school announced earlier this month. Jay Hartzell, the school’s president, said he and others worried the cost and preparation associated with the tests could keep students from applying. But about 90 percent of UT Austin applicants in the latest round took the SAT even though it was optional, Hartzell said. And the school found that students who declined to submit scores were less successful once enrolled.

John Friedman, a professor of economics and international and public affairs at Brown, said he wouldn’t be surprised if more of those highly selective schools reinstate a testing requirement. He was one of the authors of the study from Opportunity Insights, a nonprofit at Harvard University, on standardized test scores and student performance at a dozen “Ivy-plus” universities.

“It’s not just about the test scores being a good predictor,” he said. “We show in the paper that students who attend a school, having been admitted without a test score, perform at the bottom of the distribution.” He said schools should look at their own data to determine their policy.

Nonetheless, most schools nationwide will probably remain test-optional, predicted Angel Pérez, the chief executive of the National Association for College Admission Counseling. For many institutions, he said, the policy has been a huge success, bumping up the number of applicants and diversifying admitted classes.

He added that most American high-schoolers are applying to schools that admit nearly all applicants, to public schools or to colleges close to home, he said: “So the majority of students aren’t going to be impacted.”

Morehouse College is among those maintaining a test-optional policy, which the historically Black college adopted in 2020. Since going test-optional, Morehouse has seen an increased number of applicants and an increased acceptance rate from admitted students, said Michael Gumm, Morehouse’s director of admissions and recruitment.

The majority of Morehouse applicants choose not to submit scores, Gumm said, and more students are completing their applications than in the past. He said Morehouse is looking for leaders, so essays and letters of recommendation carry a lot of weight.

Gumm said he often preaches to students: “Your test scores do not make you who you are.”

But for some students, the tests remain a priority. Alina Bunch, a 16-year-old high school junior in Texas, said that even when she saw schools dropping test requirements, she never altered her plan to take the ACT. The exam, she says, is a way to demonstrate determination and academic rigor.

She thinks it’s generally a good thing that schools are bringing back testing requirements, because they can function as a mechanism of standardization in a sometimes subjective admissions process. She does fear the effects of reinstating test requirements for students who cannot afford tutoring.

But for herself — after taking a summer course to prepare for the ACT and scoring high on the exam — she has no real worries. “It was never a question for me, of whether I should do it or not,” Alina said.

Many students pursued similar strategies, continuing to take standardized tests throughout the test-optional trend. After a dramatic drop in 2020 spurred by the sudden closure of test sites, the number of students taking the SAT nationally has risen every year since, per the College Board, and reached 1.9 million for the class of 2023. That’s about 300,000 short of the last pre-pandemic total, when 2.2 million members of the class of 2019 sat for the exam — the largest-ever group to do so.

Joan Koven, who heads college consulting company Academic Access in Pennsylvania, said she never expected standardized testing to suffer a real drop in popularity.

“The ACTs and the SATs are Burger King and McDonald’s,” she said. “They’re not going away.”

But in some places, counselors wish they would. Priscilla Grijalva, a high school counselor in California’s San Jacinto Unified School District, said the elimination of test requirements in the UC system and California State University campuses was a godsend for the nearly 300 students she works with every year, a mix of White, Black and Latino teens, most of whom are socioeconomically disadvantaged.

In the past, many of her students applied only to community colleges. But now she has seen a sharp rise in those willing to aim for state universities.

“It has changed our students’ mindsets,” Grijalva said. “Now it’s like, ‘Hey, I can do this.’ They’re more confident in their leadership and their grades.”

But the flurry of recent announcements from schools altering their testing rules has proved alarming, she said. Her students “do feel the pressure coming back,” she said. “They’re starting to talk.”

Claire Elkin, 16, overheard some of this nervous chatter when she was touring colleges this spring with her family — making visits to places including the University of Virginia, Vanderbilt University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. At every school, recalled Claire, who took the ACT and intends to submit her scores, admissions tour leaders said something like: “Yeah, we’re test-optional now, but we can’t guarantee anything for you.”

Every time, the crowds of hopefuls around Claire broke into murmurs that ranged from anguished to angry, she said. She remembered one family whose daughters seemed especially upset, spurring the mother to jump into emergency action trying to calm the girls as the admissions presentation continued.

“A lot of kids my age can’t set a path right now for what they should be prioritizing when they’re applying for schools,” Claire said. “So there is definitely more panic.”

An earlier version of this article included incorrect information about the rise in the number of students who have taken the SAT since a drop sparked by the pandemic. The number of students taking the test reached 1.9 million for the class of 2023, about 300,000 fewer than for the class of 2019. The article has been corrected.

How going back to the SAT could set back college student diversity

Professor of Sociology, Wake Forest University

Disclosure statement

Joseph Soares does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Wake Forest University provides funding as a member of The Conversation US.

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Earlier this year, a number of colleges announced they were going back to using the SAT and the ACT. Here, Joseph Soares , a professor of sociology, expert on higher education and proponent of test-optional admissions, answers a few questions about the rationale behind the colleges’ decision to require applicants to submit scores from standardized college admissions tests.

Are SAT requirements making a comeback?

No. As of early 2024, just four schools announced the return of mandatory testing: Brown , Dartmouth , Yale and MIT .

Meanwhile, many other schools are sticking with test-optional admissions. These schools include Boston University , Columbia University , Cornell University , the University of Michigan , the University of Missouri system , the University of Utah , Vanderbilt University and William & Mary .

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2019, there were approximately 1,050 test-optional schools out of approximately 2,300 bachelor’s degree-granting institutions , not counting the four-year for-profit schools.

Today, in 2024, there are over 1,900 test-optional or test-free schools . Nationally, test optional is still the norm.

Why are these schools going back to it?

The four schools that have gone back to standardized tests had initially dropped their requirement because of the pandemic. The College Board put its test administrations on pause during the pandemic because testing sites could not host them.

Now, administrators at Yale and Dartmouth say that some students from low-income families were harmed by not submitting test scores . Their argument is that by submitting test scores, it would have enabled colleges to find youths of promise from low-income families. The assumption is that students from an under-resourced high school, without an abundance of extracurricular opportunities or AP courses, will perhaps have a strong test score that will signal their potential.

Does their story check out?

I don’t believe the facts support the claims being made by the four universities that decided to reinstate the SAT.

After going test optional, the Ivy League and MIT had more racial and economic diversity than ever before.

Taking 2018 as a pre-pandemic benchmark, when test requirements were more common, and 2022 as a year of test-optional admissions by these schools, we can see the largest increase in the Ivy League’s history in underrepresented Black and Hispanic students came while being test optional. In 2018, there were 72,654 undergraduates in the Ivies plus MIT; in 2022, there were 74,258 undergraduates, an aggregate increase of 1,604 students.

Black and Hispanic students accounted for 79% of the total growth. The number of Black and Hispanic undergraduates went up at those nine schools by a total of 1,261, according to my analysis of figures from the U.S. Department of Education’s Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System .

The number of Pell Grant students, who are widely treated as a proxy for students from low-income families, went up at six schools, remained the same at one and declined slightly at two, my unpublished analysis found. This suggests that the numbers of students from low-income families also increased overall, although not on the same scale as increases in Black and Hispanic students.

Furthermore, test-optional policies did not prevent students from submitting test scores. If a student believed their test score was a plus, they could have submitted it.

What research are the schools relying on?

Dartmouth has issued a study that explains why it decided to resurrect a test score requirement . It reported that being test optional produced a “35% increase in applications,” and that 31% of all enrolled students at Dartmouth were admitted without a test score.

Of those applicants evaluated without reference to a test score, they afterward were able to get scores for 19% of them. They found higher admission rates for disadvantaged students whose unknown SAT scores were actually under 1400 than those with scores above 1400.

The school saw this as a bad policy because it believes that higher-scoring disadvantaged students will have higher GPAs and brighter careers than lower-scoring ones. It drew the conclusion that requiring all to submit a test score was better for quality admissions than allowing students to decide on their own whether to submit their scores.

What does all this mean for campus diversity?

When highly selective schools – some refer to these as “ highly rejective ” schools – went test optional, diversity went up on their campuses . My research suggests that the resumption of standardized tests will diminish the number of applications from Black and Hispanic students and from low-income families .

Black and Hispanic students face “ disparate headwinds ” in taking a test where race is the strongest single variable that predicts test scores . Students of color are more likely than others to not include test scores in their college applications.

The case for restoring test-optional admissions in the name of equity and diversity has been made by a coalition of Black, Hispanic and low-income students at Dartmouth. They pointed out that a test score requirement weights strongly against Black, Hispanic and students from low-income families. They called on college administrators to restore test-optional admissions.

An earlier version of this story contained some incorrect admit rates for students with scores above and below an SAT score of 1400.

• Universities
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• US higher education
• High school students
• College admissions
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Guest Essay

How the SAT Changed My Life

By Emi Nietfeld

Ms. Nietfeld is the author of the memoir “Acceptance.”

This month, the University of Texas, Austin, joined the wave of selective schools reversing Covid-era test-optional admissions policies, once again requiring applicants to submit ACT or SAT scores.

Many colleges have embraced the test-optional rule under the assumption that it bolsters equity and diversity, since higher scores are correlated with privilege. But it turns out that these policies harmed the teenagers they were supposed to help. Many low-income and minority applicants withheld scores that could have gotten them in, wrongly assuming that their scores were too low, according to an analysis by Dartmouth. More top universities are sure to join the reversal. This is a good thing.

I was one of the disadvantaged youths who are often failed by test-optional policies, striving to get into college while in foster care and homeless. We hear a lot about the efforts of these elite schools to attract diverse student bodies and about debates around the best way to assemble a class. What these conversations overlook is the hope these tests offer students who are in difficult situations.

For many of us, standardized tests provided our one shot to prove our potential, despite the obstacles in our lives or the untidy pasts we had. We found solace in the objectivity of a hard number and a process that — unlike many things in our lives — we could control. I will always feel tenderness toward the Scantron sheets that unlocked higher education and a better life.

Growing up, I fantasized about escaping the chaos of my family for the peace of a grassy quad. Both my parents had mental health issues. My adolescence was its own mess. Over two years I took a dozen psychiatric drugs while attending four different high school programs. At 14, I was sent to a locked facility where my education consisted of work sheets and reading aloud in an on-site classroom. In a life skills class, we learned how to get our G.E.D.s. My college dreams began to seem like delusions.

Then one afternoon a staff member handed me a library copy of “Barron’s Guide to the ACT .” I leafed through the onionskin pages and felt a thunderclap of possibility. I couldn’t go to the bathroom without permission, let alone take Advanced Placement Latin or play water polo or do something else that would impress elite colleges. But I could teach myself the years of math I’d missed while switching schools and improve my life in this one specific way.

After nine months in the institution, I entered foster care. I started my sophomore year at yet another high school, only to have my foster parents shuffle my course load at midyear, when they decided Advanced Placement classes were bad for me. In part because of academic instability like this, only 3 percent to 4 percent of former foster youth get a four-year college degree.

Later I bounced between friends’ sofas and the back seat of my rusty Corolla, using my new-to-me SAT prep book as a pillow. I had no idea when I’d next shower, but I could crack open practice problems and dip into a meditative trance. For those moments, everything was still, the terror of my daily life softened by the fantasy that my efforts might land me in a dorm room of my own, with endless hot water and an extra-long twin bed.

Standardized tests allowed me to look forward, even as every other part of college applications focused on the past. The song and dance of personal statements required me to demonstrate all the obstacles I’d overcome while I was still in the middle of them. When shilling my trauma left me gutted and raw, researching answer elimination strategies was a balm. I could focus on equations and readings, like the scholar I wanted to be, rather than the desperate teenager that I was.

Test-optional policies would have confounded me, but in the 2009-10 admissions cycle, I had to submit my scores; my fellow hopefuls and I were all in this together, slogging through multiple-choice questions until our backs ached and our eyes crossed.

The hope these exams instilled in me wasn’t abstract: It manifested in hundreds of glossy brochures. After I took the PSAT in my junior year, universities that had received my score flooded me with letters urging me to apply. For once, I felt wanted. These marketing materials informed me that the top universities offered generous financial aid that would allow me to attend free. I set my sights higher, despite my guidance counselor’s lack of faith.

When I took the actual SAT, I was ashamed of my score. Had submitting it been optional, I most likely wouldn’t have done it, because I suspected my score was lower than the prep-school applicants I was up against (exactly what Dartmouth found in the analysis that led it to reinstate testing requirements). When you grow up the way I did, it’s difficult to believe that you are ever good enough.

When I got into Harvard, it felt like a miracle splitting my life into a before and after. My exam preparation paid off on campus — it was the only reason I knew geometry or grammar — and it motivated me to tackle new, difficult topics. I majored in computer science, having never written a line of code. Though a career as a software engineer seemed far-fetched, I used my SAT study strategies to prepare for technical interviews (in which you’re given one or more problems to solve) that landed me the stable, lucrative Google job that catapulted me out of financial insecurity.

I’m not the only one who feels affection for these tests. At Harvard, I met other students who saw these exams as the one door they could unlock that opened into a new future. I was lucky that the tests offered me hope all along, that I could cling to the promise that one day I could bubble in a test form and find myself transported into a better life — the one I lead today.

Emi Nietfeld is the author of the memoir “ Acceptance .” Previously, she was a software engineer at Google and Facebook.

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