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Citing a Journal Article in Chicago Style | Format & Examples

Published on May 3, 2022 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on December 5, 2022.

Chicago Reference Generator

To cite an online journal article in Chicago notes and bibliography style, list the author’s name, the title of the article, the journal name, volume, issue, and publication date, the page range on which the article appears, and a DOI or URL.

For an article accessed in print, follow the same format and simply omit the DOI or URL. Pay attention to the punctuation (e.g., commas , quotation marks , parentheses ) in your citations and notes.

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Table of contents

Citing an article from a database, journal articles with multiple authors, citing journal articles in chicago author-date style, finding source information for a journal article, frequently asked questions about chicago style citations.

Online articles, including those accessed through databases (e.g., Project MUSE or JSTOR), should generally be cited with a DOI , a link designed to permanently and reliably link to the article. In this case, there’s no need to include the database name.

If no DOI is available, you may include a stable URL or permalink. However, don’t use the URL from your browser’s address bar, as this is usually specific to your login session.

If no DOI or stable URL is available, list the name of the database at the end of your citation instead.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

Journal articles often have multiple authors. Author names should be listed in the order they appear at the head of the article (not in alphabetical order).

In your notes, list up to three authors in full. When there are four or more authors, list only the first, followed by “ et al. ” (Latin for “and others”).

In your Chicago style bibliography , list up to 10 authors in full.

If there are 11 or more authors, list the first seven in the bibliography, followed by “et al.”

In Chicago author-date style , an in-text citation consists of the author’s last name, the year of publication, and a page number.

Each Chicago in-text citation must correspond to an entry in your reference list . This is almost identical to a bibliography entry, except the year comes after the author’s name, and only the month appears in brackets.

Author-date journal citation examples

• Online article
• Article from database
• Print article

The information you need for your citations is usually listed above the article in the database where you found it. The image below shows where to find the relevant information on Project MUSE, for example.

With this information, we can construct our bibliography entry.

The DOI is usually clearly visible when you open a journal article on an academic database. It is often listed near the publication date, and includes “doi.org” or “DOI:”. If the database has a “cite this article” button, this should also produce a citation with the DOI included.

If you can’t find the DOI, you can search on Crossref using information like the author, the article title, and the journal name.

In Chicago notes and bibliography style , the usual standard is to use a full note for the first citation of each source, and short notes for any subsequent citations of the same source.

However, your institution’s guidelines may differ from the standard rule. In some fields, you’re required to use a full note every time, whereas in some other fields you can use short notes every time, as long as all sources are listed in your bibliography . If you’re not sure, check with your instructor.

Page numbers should be included in your Chicago in-text citations when:

• You’re quoting from the text.
• You’re paraphrasing a particular passage.
• You’re referring to information from a specific section.

When you’re referring to the overall argument or general content of a source, it’s unnecessary to include page numbers.

When a source has four or more authors , your in-text citation or Chicago footnote should give only the first author’s name followed by “ et al. ” (Latin for “and others”). This makes your citations more concise.

In your bibliography or reference list , when a source has more than 10 authors, list the first seven followed by “et al.” Otherwise, list every author.

Cite this Scribbr article

If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.

Caulfield, J. (2022, December 05). Citing a Journal Article in Chicago Style | Format & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved March 25, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/chicago-style/journal-articles/

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Chicago Style (17th Edition) Citation Guide: Journal Articles

• Introduction
• Journal Articles
• Magazine/Newspaper Articles
• Books & Ebooks
• Government & Legal Documents
• Secondary Sources
• Videos & DVDs
• How to Cite: Biblical & Catholic Sources
• How to Cite: Other
• Short Form & Ibid.
• Additional Help

Table of Contents

Journal article from library database with doi or a url, journal article from online source, journal article in print.

Bibliography:

All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

All citations should use first line indent, where the first line of the footnote should be indented by 0.5 inches; all subsequent lines are not indented.

Footnotes should be the same font size and style as the rest of your paper.

See instructions for how to insert footnotes in Microsoft Word.

If there is no known author, start the citation with the title of the article instead.

Access Date

Chicago style does not recommend including access dates in the citation, unless no date of publication for the source may be located.

When citing articles from online databases (such as ATLA Religion Database or JSTOR), include the DOI (preferred) or the URL to assist your reader in connecting to the article online.

Access dates are not necessary for articles from library databases. Access dates are only necessary if no date of publication for the source may be located.

Kilgallen, John J. “The Elder Son.” Expository Times 115, no. 6 (2004): 186-89. https://login.uportland.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.co m/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=1201293 5&site=ehost-live&scope=site.

1. John J. Kilgallen, “The Elder Son,” Expository Times 115, no. 6 (2004): 187, https://login.uportland.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.co m/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12012935 &site=ehost-live&scope=site.

Two to Three Authors

Ritchie, Daniel E, and Jared Hedges. “Choosing Rest in Paradise Lost.”  Christianity and Literature  67, no. 2 (2018): 271–93. doi:10.1177/0148333117725606.

Daniel E. Ritchie and Jared Hedges, “Choosing Rest in Paradise Lost,”  Christianity and Literature  67, no. 2 (2018): 271–93, doi:10.1177/0148333117725606.

Four to Ten Authors

For sources with four to ten authors, list all authors in the bibliography; in the footnote, list only the first author’s name followed by the phrase et al. (Latin for “and others”)

McCorkle, Brian H., Carole Bohn, Tricia Hughes, and David Kim. “‘Sacred Moments’: Social Anxiety in a Larger Perspective.”  Mental Health, Religion & Culture  8, no. 3 (September 2005): 227–38. doi:10.1080/13694670500138874.

1. Brian H. McCorkle et al., “Sacred Moments: Social Anxiety in a Larger Perspective,” Mental Health, Religion & Culture 8, no. 3 (2005): 230, doi:10.1080/13694670500138874.

Booij, Thijs. “Psalm 141: A Prayer for Discipline and Protection.” Biblica 86, no. 1 (2005): 97-106. http://www.bsw.org/Biblica/Vol-86-2005/Psalm141-A-Prayer-For-Discipline-AndProtection/130/.

1. Thijs Booij, “Psalm 141: A Prayer for Discipline and Protection,” Biblica 86, no. 1 (2005): 100, http://www.bsw.org/Biblica/Vol-86- 2005/Psalm-141-A-Prayer-For-Discipline-AndProtection/130/.

Fewell, Danna Nolan, and David M. Gunn. “Boaz, Pillar of Society: Measures of Worth in the Book of Ruth.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 45 (1993): 45-59.

1. Danna Nolan Fewell and David M. Gunn, “Boaz, Pillar of Society: Measures of Worth in the Book of Ruth,” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 45 (1993): 46.

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Chicago/Turabian Citation

• Citing a Book
• Citing a Chapter or Essay in a Book

Basic Article Citation

Example scholarly journal article in print, example scholarly journal article online, example magazine or newspaper article in print, example magazine or newspaper article online.

• Citing a Webpage
• Additional Resources

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Visit the Writing Center for help with brainstorming, organization, revising, citations, and other writing assistance! 

• Every Monday: Saurwein 232
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Regular Writing Center Hours:

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• Sundays 12:00PM-5:00PM

Book an appointment  with a Writing Center consultant. 

Footnote/Endnote

Author First M. Last Name, "Article Title,"   Journal Title Issue, number (date):   page cited,  doi or URL (if online).

Short version:  Author Last Name, "Article Title (shortened if necessary)," page cited.

Bibliography

Author Last Name, First M.   "Article Title."   Journal Title   Issue, number (date):   page range.   doi  or URL (if online).

Note: if using a URL, write "Retrieved from" before it. 

Patrick Wolfe, "Land, Labor, and Difference: Elementary Structures of Race,"   American Historical Review 106, no. 3 (2001): 890.

Short version: Wolfe, "Land, Labor, and Difference,"   890.

Wolfe, Patrick.   "Land, Labor, and Difference: Elementary Structures of Race."  American Historical Review   106, no. 3 (2001):   866-905.

James Naylor, "Socialism for a New Generation: CCF Youth in the Popular Front Era," Canadian Historical Review  94, no. 1 (2013): 62.  doi: 10.3138/chr.1164.

Short version: Naylor, "Socialism for a New Generation," 62.

Naylor, James.   "Socialism for a New Generation: CCF Youth in the Popular Front Era."   Canadian Historical Review   94, no. 1 (2013) :   55-79 .  doi: 10.3138/chr.1164.

Magazine and newspaper articles usually do not include volume and issue information and instead emphasize the date.

Lerone Bennett Jr., "Why Black History is Important to You,"   Ebony , February 1982,  62.

Short version: Bennett Jr.,   "Why Black History is Important to You," 62. 

Bennett Jr.,  Lerone.   "Why Black History is Important to You."   Ebony.   February1982,   61-66.

Andrew Curry, "The Mummy Diaries,"   Discovery , July 2008, 65.  Retrieved from  http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=a9h&AN=32580475&site=ehost-live

Short version: Curry, "The Mummy Diaries," 65.

Curry, Andrew.   "The Mummy Diaries."   Discovery.   July 2008,   58- 65.  Retrieved from  http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx? direct=true&db=a9h&AN=32580475&site=ehost-live

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• URL: https://libguides.heidelberg.edu/chicago

Chicago Manual of Style

• Citing a Book
• Citing a Periodical Article
• Citing a Newspaper Article
• Citing Manuscript Collections

Is It a Journal or Magazine?

The Chicago Manual of Style uses the word journal to mean scholarly or professional serial publications, such as a monthly or quarterly publications. A few examples:

• American Historical Review
• Canadian Journal of History
• Gender & History
• Holocaust & Genocide Studies
• Journal of the History of Ideas
• The SAIS Review of International Affair

The Chicago Manual of Style says that, if you're not sure whether to treat a serial publication as a journal or a magazine, see if there's a volume number. If you can easily find the volume number, you should treat the publication as a journal. If you can't easily find the volume number, you should treat it as a magazine.

Basic Magazine Article Citation

FOOTNOTE or ENDNOTE

    1. Author's first name Author's last name, "Title of article," Title of magazine , Date, Page numbers, URL or, if available, doi.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Author's last name, Author's first name. "Title of article." Title of magazine , Date, Page numbers. URL or, if available, doi.

NOTE: Page numbers are frequently omitted because pages in a magazine article may be separated by quite a few pages.

Basic Journal Article Citation

     1. Author's first name Author's last name, "Title of article," Title of journal volume number, issue number (year): page(s), URL or, if available, doi.

Author's last name, Author's first name. "Title of article." Title of journal volume number, issue number (date): pages. URL or, if available, doi.

Example: Journal Article with a Single Author

    26. Frank Gerits, "Hungry Minds: Eisenhower's Cultural Assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa, 1953-1961," Diplomatic History 41, no. 3 (June 2017): 597, doi:10.1093/dh/dhw059.

Gerits, Frank. "Hungry Minds: Eisenhower's Cultural Assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa, 1953-1961." Diplomatic History 41, no. 3 (June 2017): 594-619. doi:10.1093/dh/dhw059.

Example: Journal Article with Multiple Authors

    51. Vladimir Shlapentokh and Vera Bondartsova, "Stalin in Russian Ideology and Public Opinion: Caught in a Conflict Between Imperial and Liberal Elements," Russian History 36, no. 2 (2009): 314-16, doi:10.1163/187633109X412889.

Shlapentokh, Vladimir and Vera Bondartsova. "Stalin in Russian Ideology and Pubic Opinion: Caught in a Conflict Between Imperial and Liberal Elements." Russian History 36, no. 2 (2009): 302-325. doi:10.1163/187633109X412889.

Example: Magazine Article Citation

    5. Evan Thomas, Ron Moreau, and Andrew Mandel, "The Last Days of Saigon," Newsweek , May 1, 2000, 23, https://ezproxy.bgsu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=3017487&site=ehost-live&scope=site .

Thomas, Evan, Ron Moreau, and Andrew Mandel. "The Last Days of Saigon." Newsweek , May 1, 2000. https://ezproxy.bgsu.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=3017487&site=ehost-live&scope=site .

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• Last Updated: Jun 15, 2023 2:25 PM
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Chicago Citation Guide (17th Edition): Journal Articles

• What Kind of Source Is This?
• Advertisements
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• Book Reviews
• Class Handouts, Presentations, and Readings
• Encyclopedias & Dictionaries
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• Journal Articles
• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Primary Sources
• Religious Texts
• Social Media
• Videos & DVDs
• Works Quoted in Another Source
• No Author, No Date etc.
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On This Page

Volume, issue, and number in a journal citation, journal article from library database - one author, journal article from library database - two authors, journal article from library database - three authors, journal article from library database - four or more authors, a course reading uploaded to moodle, journal article from a website, journal article in print - one author, journal article in print - two authors, journal article in print - three authors, journal article in print - four or more authors, what is a doi.

DOI Numbers for Journal Articles

Some electronic content like journal articles are assigned a unique number called a Digital Object Identifier (DOI). The DOI gives a way to find an article. If a DOI is provided for a journal article, include it after the page numbers of the article as "https://doi.org/DOI Number."

How Can I Tell if it's a Journal?

Photo from Flickr under Creative Commons license, created by the.Firebottle

Not sure whether your article is from a journal? Look for these characteristics:

• Main purpose is often to report results of original search
• Articles usually have a very specific subject focus
• May see sections such as abstract, discussion, results, and conclusion
• Author of the article is an expert or specialist in the field and often their credentials are listed
• Article is intended for students, scientists, researchers and/or professionals instead of the general public
• Usually includes a References list at the end

Articles may also come from  newspapers  or  magazines .

• Number your footnotes consecutively, starting at the beginning of your paper.

Footnotes :

• Create a footnote citation on the same page as the quote or paraphrase used from that source.  Indent the first line of your footnote by 0.5 inches and begin with the appropriate full-size number, followed by a period and a space. 
• Remember to insert this same number into the body of your paper as a superscript 3  after the final punctuation of the corresponding quote or paraphrase.

Shortened Footnotes:

• If using the same source more than once in your paper, use the full footnote format the first time and this shortened footnote format after that: 

Author's Last Name(s), "Source Title (shortened to four words)," Exact Page Number(s) Used.  

Bibliography Entries: 

• Arrange your sources alphabetically by the author's last name or the first available part of the entry.  If there are multiple sources by the same author, arrange those sources by author's last name, then by date, and then alphabetically by title. 
• Each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should use a "hanging indent" and be indented by 0.5 inches.
• Single space your entries, but leave one full blank line between each entry.  Leave two blank lines between the title "Bibliography" and the first entry.

Citing Four or More Authors

Footnote : List only the first author followed by et al . (“and others”). 

First Name Last Name et al.

Example: Jane Doe et al.

 There is no comma between the author's name and et al.

Bibliography:  List all authors, up to ten authors.  Separate using commas and add the word and (not the ampersand symbol &) before the final author's names.  Only the first author's name is written in the format Last Name, First Name.  All others are written First Name Last Name.

First Author's Last Name, First Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, Third Author's First Name Last Name, and Fourth Author's First Name Last Name.

Example: Doe, Jane, John Smith, Mary Plaine, and Jack Alman.

  Whenever possible, include the DOI number for the article rather than the database name.  If there is no DOI number, use the name of the database instead of the URL generated by the article's "Permanlink" icon or sh own in the browser's address bar.

1. Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Journal Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number of Exact Citation, https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

Bibliography Entry:

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Journal  Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): First Page Number of Article-Last Page Number of Article. https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.  

1. First Author's First Name Last Name and Second Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Journal Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number of Exact Citation, https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

First Author's Last Name, First Name, and Second Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Journal  Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): First Page Number of Article-Last Page Number of Article. https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.  

1. First Author's First Name Last Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, and Third Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Journal Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number of Exact Citation, https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

First Author's Last Name, First Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, and Third Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Journal  Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): First Page Number of Article-Last Page Number of Article. https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.  

  W henever possible, include the DOI number for the article rather than the database name.  If there is no DOI number, use the name of the database instead of the URL generated by the article's "Permanlink" icon or sh own in the browser's address bar.

1. First Author's First Name Last Name et al., "Title of Article," Name of Journal Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number of Exact Citation, https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

First Author's Last Name, First Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, Third Author's First Name Last Name, and Fourth Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Journal  Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): First Page Number of Article-Last Page Number of Article. https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.  

 If there are four or more authors: in the foot note , list only the first author, followed by  et al . (“and others”); in the biography , list up to ten authors  

  Whenever possible, find and cite the journal article from its original source, using the appropriate template from this guide.  Look for the article's original source using the Library databases or catalogue.  If the content was created by your instructor and was not published anywhere else, please use the appropriate template in Class Handouts, Presentations, and Readings .

Footnote:  

1. Author's First Name, Last Name, "Title of Document," in  Course Name , uploaded by Instructor Name, upload date [if available] (Columbia College: Moodle, Semester and Year), pages of exact citation [if available].

Bibliography Entry: 

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Document." In  Course Name , uploaded by Instructor Name, upload date [if available]. Columbia College: Moodle, Semester and Year.

To cite a journal article from a website, use the same format as a journal article from a library database .  Instead of a DOI or database name, include the URL for the article.

1. Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Journal Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number of Exact Citation.

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Journal  Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): First Page Number of Article-Last Page Number of Article.

1. First Author's First Name Last Name and Second Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Journal Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number of Exact Citation.

First Author's Last Name, First Name, and Second Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Journal  Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): First Page Number of Article-Last Page Number of Article.

1. First Author's First Name Last Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, and Third Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Name of Journal Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number of Exact Citation.

First Author's Last Name, First Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, and Third Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Journal  Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): First Page Number of Article-Last Page Number of Article.

1. First Author's First Name Last Name et al., "Title of Article," Name of Journal Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number of Exact Citation.

First Author's Last Name, First Name, Second Author's First Name Last Name, Third Author's First Name Last Name, and Fourth Author's First Name Last Name. "Title of Article."  Name of Journal  Volume Number, no. Issue Number (Date of Publication): First Page Number of Article-Last Page Number of Article.

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Go to Index

Author-Date: Sample Citations

Go to Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations

The following examples illustrate the author-date system. Each example of a reference list entry is accompanied by an example of a corresponding in-text citation. For more details and many more examples, see chapter 15 of The Chicago Manual of Style . For examples of the same citations using the notes and bibliography system, follow the Notes and Bibliography link above.

Reference list entries (in alphabetical order)

Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. 2015. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life . New York: Simon & Schuster.

Smith, Zadie. 2016. Swing Time . New York: Penguin Press.

In-text citations

(Grazer and Fishman 2015, 12)

(Smith 2016, 315–16)

For more examples, see 1 5 . 40 – 45 in The Chicago Manual of Style .

Chapter or other part of an edited book

In the reference list, include the page range for the chapter or part. In the text, cite specific pages.

Reference list entry

Thoreau, Henry David. 2016. “Walking.” In The Making of the American Essay , edited by John D’Agata, 167–95. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.

In-text citation

(Thoreau 2016, 177–78)

In some cases, you may want to cite the collection as a whole instead.

D’Agata, John, ed. 2016. The Making of the American Essay . Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.

(D’Agata 2016, 177–78)

For more details, see 15.36 and 15.42 in The Chicago Manual of Style .

Translated book

Lahiri, Jhumpa. 2016.  In Other Words . Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.

(Lahiri 2016, 146)

For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the text, if any (or simply omit).

Austen, Jane. 2007. Pride and Prejudice . New York: Penguin Classics. Kindle.

Borel, Brooke. 2016. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ProQuest Ebrary.

Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. 1987. The Founders’ Constitution . Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.

Melville, Herman. 1851. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale . New York: Harper & Brothers. http://mel.hofstra.edu/moby-dick-the-whale-proofs.html.

(Austen 2007, chap. 3)

(Borel 2016, 92)

(Kurland and Lerner 1987, chap. 10, doc. 19)

(Melville 1851, 627)

Journal article

In the reference list, include the page range for the whole article. In the text, cite specific page numbers. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database in the reference list entry. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins https://doi.org/. This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browser’s address bar.

Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. 2017. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38 (1): 95–109. Project MUSE.

Satterfield, Susan. 2016. “Livy and the Pax Deum .” Classical Philology 111, no. 2 (April): 165–76.

(Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)

(LaSalle 2017, 95)

(Satterfield 2016, 170)

Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the reference list; in the text, list only the first, followed by et al . (“and others”). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the reference list, followed by et al.

Bay, Rachael A., Noah Rose, Rowan Barrett, Louis Bernatchez, Cameron K. Ghalambor, Jesse R. Lasky, Rachel B. Brem, Stephen R. Palumbi, and Peter Ralph. 2017. “Predicting Responses to Contemporary Environmental Change Using Evolutionary Response Architectures.” American Naturalist 189, no. 5 (May): 463–73. https://doi.org/10.1086/691233.

(Bay et al. 2017, 465)

For more examples, see 1 5 . 46–49 in The Chicago Manual of Style .

News or magazine article

Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. In the reference list, it can be helpful to repeat the year with sources that are cited also by month and day. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in the text but are omitted from a reference list entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database.

Manjoo, Farhad. 2017. “Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera.” New York Times , March 8, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html.

Mead, Rebecca. 2017. “The Prophet of Dystopia.” New Yorker , April 17, 2017.

Pai, Tanya. 2017. “The Squishy, Sugary History of Peeps.” Vox , April 11, 2017. http://www.vox.com/culture/2017/4/11/15209084/peeps-easter.

Pegoraro, Rob. 2007. “Apple’s iPhone Is Sleek, Smart and Simple.” Washington Post , July 5, 2007. LexisNexis Academic.

(Manjoo 2017)

(Mead 2017, 43)

(Pegoraro 2007)

Readers’ comments are cited in the text but omitted from a reference list.

(Eduardo B [Los Angeles], March 9, 2017, comment on Manjoo 2017)

For more examples, see 15 . 49 (newspapers and magazines) and 1 5 . 51 (blogs) in The Chicago Manual of Style .

Book review

Kakutani, Michiko. 2016. “Friendship Takes a Path That Diverges.” Review of Swing Time , by Zadie Smith. New York Times , November 7, 2016.

(Kakutani 2016)

Stamper, Kory. 2017. “From ‘F-Bomb’ to ‘Photobomb,’ How the Dictionary Keeps Up with English.” Interview by Terry Gross. Fresh Air , NPR, April 19, 2017. Audio, 35:25. http://www.npr.org/2017/04/19/524618639/from-f-bomb-to-photobomb-how-the-dictionary-keeps-up-with-english.

(Stamper 2017)

Thesis or dissertation

Rutz, Cynthia Lillian. 2013. “ King Lear and Its Folktale Analogues.” PhD diss., University of Chicago.

(Rutz 2013, 99–100)

Website content

It is often sufficient simply to describe web pages and other website content in the text (“As of May 1, 2017, Yale’s home page listed . . .”). If a more formal citation is needed, it may be styled like the examples below. For a source that does not list a date of publication or revision, use n.d. (for “no date”) in place of the year and include an access date.

Bouman, Katie. 2016. “How to Take a Picture of a Black Hole.” Filmed November 2016 at TEDxBeaconStreet, Brookline, MA. Video, 12:51. https://www.ted.com/talks/katie_bouman_what_does_a_black_hole_look_like.

Google. 2017. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Last modified April 17, 2017. https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.

Yale University. n.d. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” Accessed May 1, 2017. https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

(Bouman 2016)

(Google 2017)

(Yale University, n.d.)

For more examples, see 1 5 . 50–52 in The Chicago Manual of Style . For multimedia, including live performances, see 1 5 . 57 .

Social media content

Citations of content shared through social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). If a more formal citation is needed, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.

Conan O’Brien’s tweet was characteristically deadpan: “In honor of Earth Day, I’m recycling my tweets” (@ConanOBrien, April 22, 2015).

Chicago Manual of Style. 2015. “Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993.” Facebook, April 17, 2015. https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/10152906193679151.

Souza, Pete (@petesouza). 2016. “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/BDrmfXTtNCt/.

(Chicago Manual of Style 2015)

(Souza 2016)

(Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style 2015)

Personal communication

Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.

(Sam Gomez, Facebook message to author, August 1, 2017)

• Library Catalogue

Citing articles: Chicago/Turabian (17th ed.) citation guide

On this page, journal article - online version, journal article - print version, magazine article - print and online version, newspaper article - print and online version.

This guide is based on The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed. It provides examples of citations for commonly-used sources, using Notes and bibliography style only . For more detailed information consult directly The Chicago Manual of Style  (17th ed.) [ print ] or check the  Chicago Style Citation Quick Guide  for citation examples. 

For the Author-date style, see the  Social sciences/sciences system .

More guidelines for citing this type of material can be found in sections  14.167 - 14.175  .

     1. Mauri J. Palomaki and Allen G. Noble, "Greenhouse Horticulture and Economic Transition," Geographical Review  85, no. 2 (1995): 175, http://www.jstor.org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/stable/216061.

     2. Amy Dru Stanley, "Instead of Waiting for the Thirteenth Amendment: The War Power, Slave Marriage, and Inviolate Human Rights," American Historical Review 115, no. 3 (2010): 755, https://doi:10.1086/ahr.115.3.732.

Bibliography

Palomaki, Mauri J., and Allen G. Noble. "Greenhouse Horticulture and Economic Transition." Geographical Review 85, no. 2 (1995): 173-84. http://www.jstor.org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/stable/216061.

Stanley, Amy Dru. "Instead of Waiting for the Thirteenth Amendment: The War Power, Slave Marriage, and Inviolate Human Rights." American Historical Review 115, no. 3 (2010): 732-65. https://doi:10.1086/ahr.115.3.732

• Cite an online journal article the same as you would a print journal article (see 14.167 - 14.174 ) but include a DOI at the end of a note and bibliography entry, followed by a period.
• If DOI is not available, provide a URL of the journal article, followed by a period. A stable URL is preferable to the URL in your browser's address bar.
• Can't find the DOI? DOI Lookup (http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/)
• Chicago does not recommend that access dates be cited for electronic sources ( 14.12 ), but certain publishers,  disciplines, or your professor may require this information. If that is the case, the date of retrieval should be placed directly before the DOI or the URL.  Access dates should be written as follows: accessed December 12, 2009 (in a note) and Accessed December 12, 2009 (in the bibliography) ( 14.176 ).

More guidelines for citing this type of material can be found in sections  14.167 - 14.174 , 14.176 - 14.187 .

     1. S.R. Slings, "Written and Spoken Language: An Exercise in the Pragmatics of the Greek Sentence,"  Classical Philology 87, no. 2 (1992): 98.

Slings, S.R. "Written and Spoken Language: An Exercise in the Pragmatics of the Greek Sentence." Classical Philology 87, no. 2 (1992): 95-109.

• Provide the full journal title in italics, and include full publication details, including volume number (87 in the example above), issue number (no. 2) and date. Date may include the month or season, as well as year of publication , (e.g. April 1999 or Spring 1992) ( 14.170 ).
• If you are citing an article from a journal with continuous pagination within a volume, or if you include the month and year of publication, you may omit the journal issue number ( 14.170 ).
• If the journal volume or publication date is not apparent, state the issue number only, following the comma after the journal title ( 14.171 ).
• In notes , only the page number(s), where the cited reference appears, is given ( 14.174 ).
• For the bibliography , the page numbers for the entire article (i.e. from the first to the last page) are given ( 14.174 ).

More guidelines for citing this type of material can be found in sections  14.188 - 14.190 .

1. Charles Q. Choi, "Brain-Destroying Algae?," Scientific American , June 2005, 34.

Choi, Charles Q. "Brain-Destroying Algae?" Scientific American , June 2005, 34.

• Weekly or monthly magazines are cited by date (month/year) only, even if there is a volume/issue number ( 14.188 ).
• Note that there is a comma, not a colon, after the date in the bibliography entry ( 14.188 ).
• Include a DOI or URL at the end of the citation, followed by a period, if you viewed the magazine article online ( 14.190 ).
• If the article you are citing was found in a database , provide the database name after the publication details (e.g. CBCA Complete) and any identification number in parentheses ( 14.189 ).

More guidelines for citing this type of material can be found in sections  14.191 - 14.200 .

     1. Laurie Goodstein and William Glaberson, "The Well-Marked Roads to Homicidal Page," New York Times, April 10, 2000, national edition.

     2. Richard Spencer, "Panda Flees Roof to Roof in China," Vancouver Sun , July 19, 2005, A9.

Goodstein, Laurie, and William Glaberson. "The Well-Marked Roads to Homicidal Page." New York Times, April 10, 2000, national edition.

Spencer, Richard. "Panda Flees Roof to Roof in China." Vancouver Sun , July 19, 2005, A9.

• The essential information to provide when citing a newspaper article is the name of the author(s) , the article title and the date of issue , which includes: month/day/year ( 14.191 ).
• Page numbers may be omitted ( 14.191 ).
• Include an edition statement (e.g. national edition, weekend edition) ( 14.191 ).
• Include the URL for an online article ( 14.191 ).
• If the article you are citing was found in a database , provide the database name (e.g. Canadian Newsstream) and any identification number in parentheses after the publication details ( 14.165 ).
• Use sentence-style capitalization for article titles ( 14.192 , see also 8.158 - 8.159 ).
• The city and state or province should be added in parentheses after the name of the newspaper in italics ( 14.191 ).  For example: Globe and Mail (Toronto, ON).
• If a newspaper article is described in detail in your paper and included in a note, it is not necessary to list the article in the bibliography ( 14.198 ).
• If no author is provided, begin the citation with the article title and alphabetize according to the article title in the bibliography ( 14.191 ).

Research Guides

Gould library, how to cite your sources.

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Video examples of chicago manual of style, citing other publication types.

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What does an Annotated Bibliography look like?

• Chicago Manual of Style annotated bibliography example Remember that your annotated bibliographies are not simply lists. They are creative, rhetorical devices that map out the scholarly conversation on a topic.

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• Notes & Bibliography
• Author-Date

(N) = footnote or endnote style ; (B) = Bibliography style

Your bibliography should be alphabetized by author last name. For works that do not have an author, alphabetize by item title (omitting articles like "a" or "the"). Your bibliography should also be formatted using Hanging Indents .

Newspaper Article/Newspapers

(N) "Shipping News,"  New York Herald , December 4, 1868, Readex America's Historical Newspapers.

(B) The New York Herald, 1868-1878.

(B) The Ohio State Journal (Columbus, Ohio) April 1-20, 1900.

• See:  14.191: Basic citation format for newspaper articles
• Newspapers are more commonly cited in notes or parenthetical references than in bibliographies.
• An example from the Carleton History Department on how to cite a newspaper in a bibliography (if needed)

(N) 1. “Balkan Romani,” Endangered Languages, Alliance for Linguistic Diversity, accessed September 2, 2022, https://web.archive.org/web/20220822122125/https://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/5342.

• See  14.207: Citing web pages and websites for other options : Include a publication date or date of revision or modification if possible; else, access date
• See  14.10: Short forms for URLs for help with long, weird URLs
• You may also choose to cite to the Internet Archive instead of the live website

Images and Art

(N) 1. Michelangelo Buonarroti, The Slave , 1513-15, marble, 2.09 m., Paris, The Louvre.

(B) Buonarroti, Michelangelo. The Slave , 1513-15. Marble, 2.09 m. Paris, The Louvre.

• See:  14.235: Citing paintings, photographs, and sculpture
• See: Best practices for Creative Commons attribution

If citing images found in published works or online collections, cite them similarly to book chapters, articles, or web pages within website, with the artist in the author position and the image title in the chapter title, article title, or webpage title position.

Data Sets & DH Projects

(N) 1. Creator,  Title  (Place: Publisher, Year), link.

(B) Creator. Title.  Place: Publisher, Year. link.

(N) 1. The World Bank. Washington Development Indicators . (Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2012). http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators.

(B) The World Bank. World Development Indicators . Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2012. http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators.

• See:  Example of how to cite different parts of a digital humanities project

Primary Sources in a Republished Source

When possible, always find and cite the original. If this is absolutely impossible, you may need to cite a primary source that is republished in a secondary source.

Follow whatever citation rules apply to your specific item type; for instance, because this example is a newspaper article, there's only a short bibliography entry. If this were a different item type, the bibliography entry might look different. 

(N) 1. [Complete citation for the older/original item; see Archival Citations  or above for help], quoted in [Complete citation for newer/secondary source; see above for help], page #, URL/doi.

(B) [Complete citation for the older/original item; see Archival Citations or above for help]. Quoted in [Complete citation for newer/secondary source; see above for help]. URL/doi. 

(N) 1. Itthi, "Love Problems of the Third Sex -- Solved by Go Pakhnam" [in Thai], Plaek , July 7, 1976, quoted in Peter A. Jackson, First Queer Voices from Thailand: Uncle Go’s Advice Columns for Gays, Lesbians and Kathoeys (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2016), 196-197,  https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1bj4sqf .

(B) Plaek . July 7, 1976. Quoted in Peter A. Jackson. First Queer Voices from Thailand: Uncle Go’s Advice Columns for Gays, Lesbians and Kathoeys. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2016. https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1bj4sqf .

• See:  14.260: Citations taken from secondary sources
• See: Citing Primary Sources Published in Edited Collections  (Trent University)

If citing images or art that stand alone:

Buonarroti, Michelangelo. 1513-15. The Slav e. Marble, 2.09 m. Paris, The Louvre.

Creator. Year. Title . Place: Publisher. link

The World Bank. 2012. World Development Indicators . Washington, D.C.: The World Bank. http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators.

Lastname, Firstname. Year.  Title . Performed by Firstname Lastname. Place: Studio. Format.

Wong, John. 1999. Cool People at the Libe. Directed by Cat Toff. Northfield: Gould Libe. DVD.

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The second entry is a shortened version for subsequent notes from the same source.

The third entry is the bibliographic citation that will be found at the end of the work. A bibliography is alphabetized by author’s last name.

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Web Sources

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

This page is brought to you by the OWL at Purdue University. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice.

Copyright ©1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use.

This section contains information on The Chicago Manual of Style method of document formatting and citation. These resources follow the seventeenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style , which was issued in 2017.

General Model for Citing Web Sources in Chicago Style

Titles for web sources:.

The title of a website that is analogous to a traditionally printed work but does not have (and never had) a printed counterpart can be treated like titles of other websites. For example, Wikipedia can be treated as a website, rather than as a conventional encyclopedia. This is a departure from previous editions of CMOS .

Titles of websites should follow headline-style capitalization and are usually set in roman without quotation marks. Sections of a website, such as a specific header, an individual page, a single blog entry, etc. should be written in roman with quotation marks. There are, however, some exceptions: titles of blogs are set in italics and titles of books, journals, television shows, movies, and other types of works should be treated the same whether cited as a print version or an online version. For example, when citing the website of the television news station CNN , the title maintains italics. Furthermore, in cases such as this, when a website does not have a distinctive title, it can be cited based on the entity responsible for the website, for instance, CNN online. If in doubt regarding whether to use roman or italics, roman is the safer choice.

Authors for Web Sources:

The author of a piece of web content is often not immediately clear. If a name is given, use the name as you would in any other source. If the content is published under a screen name, internet handle, or pseudonym, and the author’s real name is not available, use this in place of the author’s name. You may also use the name of the publishing organization when the webpage has no listed author but is associated with some sort of corporation, association, or professional group. When a web page's author cannot be determined and there is no clear publishing organization, simply list the title first. Use the first letter of the first word in the title that is not an article (i.e., "a," "an," or "the") to determine the entry's alphabetical order in the bibliography. So, for instance, if the title of the page is "A Guide to Baking Apple Pies," "G" should be treated as the first letter for alphabetization purposes.

Dates for Web Sources:

If the source you are citing has a clear publication date, use that as the source’s date, following standard guidelines. Otherwise, look for a revision date; many websites will make note of when they were last modified, edited, or revised. If you are using a date of revision rather than a date of publication, make that clear: “Last modified May 17, 2019”. You may use both at your discretion, in which case you should distinguish between the two: “Published April 26, 2019; last modified May 17, 2019”. If no date at all is available, use the date at which you accessed the source to get the data: “Accessed August 7, 2019”. If the site is modified again so that the data you retrieved originally is altered or removed, you should add a note to that effect in either the text or the citation, specifying “as of [date]” if possible.

Web Source Examples in Chicago Style

Footnote or endnote (n):, corresponding bibliographical entry (b):, electronic books and books consulted online.

Electronic books (e-books) are cited exactly as their print counterparts with the addition of a media marker at the end of the citation: Kindle, PDF, EPUB, etc. Books consulted online are also cited exactly as their print counterparts with the addition of a DOI (or URL) at the end of the citation. See also Books .

Note: Stable page numbers are not always available in electronic formats; therefore, you may include the number of chapter, section, or other easily recognizable locator instead.

Weston, Anthony. A Rulebook for Arguments , 4th ed. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2010. Kindle.

Online Periodicals (Journal, Magazine, and Newspaper Articles)

Online periodicals are cited exactly as their print counterparts with the addition of a DOI or URL at the end of the citation. See also Periodicals . Also keep in mind that while access dates are not required for formally published electronic sources (e.g., journal articles), they can be useful for informally published electronic sources or may be required for by some disciplines for all informally and formally published electronic sources. Access dates should be located immediately prior to the DOI or URL.

For four or more authors, list the first author in the note followed by et al. For the corresponding bibliographic entry, list all authors (up to 10).

Web Page with Known Author and Date

Web page with known date but without known author, web page with unknown publication date and author.

Blog titles should be set in italics and blog entries should be set in quotation marks. Generally, blog entries are cited only as notes. If you frequently cite a blog, however, then you may choose to include it in your bibliography.   Note: if the word “blog” is included in the title of the blog, there is no need to repeat it in parentheses after that title.

Social Media

Posts on social media will often be cited only as notes, though if you intend to discuss the content in depth, you should also put a citation in the bibliography. Since it is easy – and common – for social media posts to vanish with little notice, it is advisable to take a screenshot or similar record of anything you intend to cite, so that future edits or deletions will not undermine your work. Please note that all of this applies only to public content on social media. Private content, such as a direct message or a post in a restricted-membership group should be cited as a personal communication.

Social media posts do not typically have titles, so if a title is not provided, simply use the text of the post, retaining all original capitalization, spelling, etc., set in roman with quotation marks. Do not include more than 160 characters in this section of the citation; if the post is longer than that, cut it off (with an ellipsis) at a sensible point before the 160-character mark is reached. Citation of a social media post should fit the following format:

Ideally, a post should be cited by the author’s legal name and screen name / internet handle, but if there is no screen name available (e.g. on a Facebook post) or no legal name available (e.g. on a Twitter post), use whichever you do have. Also note that you needn’t include the format/medium if the post is only text, and you should only include the time stamp if it is relevant to your point or necessary to distinguish between multiple citations on the same day. Also, if you have quoted the full post in your main text, you can leave that out of your note citation.

Forums and Mailing Lists

Citations for internet forums or mailing lists are very similar to social media citations, with a few differences. Rather than the text of the post, use the thread title or subject heading as your citation title; also, the name of the list or forum should be added in addition to the host site or service.

At times, it may be necessary to cite a comment someone has made on a blog entry, online article, social media post, etc. Generally, the comment will only be cited as a note, not in the bibliography, unless there is some significant reason you feel it should be considered a source on its own, separate from the work to which it was responding. Citation of a comment need only contain the name of the commenter (and/or screen name, as above), the date the comment was made (time stamp optional), and a reference back to the work to which it is responding.

Online Multimedia

Online multimedia should be cited using the general format below. Note that whether the title of the work should be set in italics or in roman with quotation marks will vary from one medium to another, as noted near the beginning of this page. For additional guidelines on the citation of videos, songs, and multimedia in general, see Audiovisual Recordings and Other Multimedia.

When citing a podcast, set the podcast title in italics, and the episode title (and number, if it is included in the title of the episode) in roman with quotation marks. The date of publication should be included after the episode title rather than before the medium, as shown below.

Note: Inclusion of the word “podcast” follows the same guidelines as inclusion of the word “blog” above. “Podcast, MP3 audio” is used below, then, as an example placeholder and would not necessarily be required for this specific example.

Online Video

If you are citing a video from an online service, such as YouTube, you can follow the general multimedia guidelines, but you must include the URL. The medium for any sort of streaming video where the file type is not necessarily clear or relevant can be cited simply as “video”.

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Cite Your Sources

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Choosing a Style

The Graduate Center does not recommend a single citation style, so follow the style recommended by the professor for your course.  If you are writing for a publication, look for the preferred citation style in the author guidelines.  In both cases, ask if you are not certain.  And no matter which style you are following, be sure to apply it consistently throughout your document.

• Style Guide Overview - Purdue OWL This guide from the Purdue Online Writing Lab provides a summary of common styles, especially APA and MLA but also AP, Chicago, IEEE, AMA, ACM, and ASME, and offers tips on how and when to use them.

Antiquity in Gotham: The Ancient Architecture of New York City - References

This humanities title from Fordham University Press has a References section at the end of the book.

Macaulay-Lewis, Elizabeth. Antiquity in Gotham: The Ancient Architecture of New York City. New York: Fordham University Press, 2021. Available online and in print.  See the OneSearch record for details.

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