essay on electricity 50 words

Essays About Electricity: Top 5 Examples and Prompts

Electricity is an essential part of our everyday lives; this guide will show you top examples of essays about electricity and exciting writing prompts for your next essay.

For many people, it’s impossible to imagine a world without electricity. It heats up or cools down the house, powers our light sources, and fuels our clothes and mobile phones. So there’s no denying the importance of electricity in the modern era.

Have you ever thought about writing an essay to figure out how much electricity has affected your life? Reading other essays about electricity is a great way to gather information and inspiration for writing. We also included a list of prompts for writers who want to focus on writing about a particular topic involving electricity.

1. Short Essay on Electricity by Shivane

2. what are the uses of electricity in modern life by mahtab alam quddusi, 3. save electricity essay for students and children by anonymous on readingjunction, 4. why is my electric bill so high and how do i fix it by ansul rajgharia, 5. essay on electricity by ravi, write essays about electricity with these 10 prompts, 1. importance of electricity in the medical field, 2. save electricity to reduce power costs, 3. industries that consume the most electricity or power, 4. the science of electro’s powers + electricity manipulation superpowers, 5. lightning storms and why they’re bad for you, 6. how electroshock weapons work, 7. explaining electricity measurement units, 8. countries that generate the most electricity, 9. electricity in music, 10. making music with tesla coils and electricity.

“Electricity is a means of communication. Telegraph and telegram device is based on electricity.”

This essay discusses the various uses of electricity and how it has been vital to the progress and development of machines and modern life.

“Today, with the discovery of electricity, human life has become easier by using electricity to perform many functions every day, such as lighting, heating, cooling of homes and operating various electrical appliances.”

Quddusi’s essay topic focuses on the applications of electricity today, including security, medical treatments, and global communication. These applications of electricity emphasize its importance in modern times.

  “Scientists also believe that if we use the resources unchecked, we will consume so much that we will soon run out of it. In simpler, we must preserve electricity so that we can preserve the resources.”

After talking about the importance of electricity, this short essay focuses on how much electricity gets used and wasted today. It also provides solutions to the electricity problem, including using renewable energy sources.

“When it comes to appliances, my advice is to balance effort and reward. Unplugging your cell phone charger may only save a few cents a month, so you could let that go.”

Rajgharia explains how every little thing you do at home that concerns electronics or appliances can affect your electricity bill. The essay also provides various methods of saving electricity and cutting down on power costs.

“It has relieved mankind from much of drudgery and labor. Consequently, man has more spare time to be devoted to hobbies, pastimes, and higher and more meaningful pursuits.”

Ravi’s essay focuses on the applications of electricity and energy today. The writer goes so far as to say that electricity is another name for progress and prosperity. The piece is an excellent example of electricity and its importance in the modern world.

Read and choose one of the essay prompts we listed below to get an idea for jumpstarting your essay writing.

Electricity plays a vital role in medicine and the medical field. For example, computers used for analyzing blood samples and other data need electricity. In addition, professional health workers use defibrillators to give patients a dose of electric current. You can write a long or short essay about the role of electricity in medicine. 

For those interested in the machines that use electricity, consider writing essays about technology .

Electricity has become more expensive due to high demand and scarcity. Using less power can help you pay less on your monthly electric bill. Consider writing about how homeowners and students could cut down electricity use to reduce their energy bills. These may include using task lighting, taking shorter showers, and unplugging electronics.

Are you a business student who wants to share what you learned about the different industries? This essay idea incorporates power usage into your interest. Don’t forget to be extra thorough with your research before writing.

Electrical engineering majors who want to be extra creative with their essays should consider integrating fiction into their writing. Use and apply what you’ve learned in class theoretically to the superheroes and supervillains from popular media. A good example is Marvel’s Thor.

Getting hit by lightning is more likely to happen to you than winning a lottery ticket. It’s why you shouldn’t go outside during lightning storms. You can use this essay idea to focus on the effects of lightning on a person’s body and how badly it can damage them. Include cool facts like the scars that a lightning strike leaves, also known as Lichtenberg scars.

Tasers are popular as self-defense tools for civilians and disabling weapons for police officers. Have you ever wondered how they work? Read about electroshock weapons and then write an essay to explain the process. You can also include an explanation of the effects of the electric current and why it causes people to freeze up and often fall over.

This essay prompt is a perfect topic for students still learning the basics of electricity. Write about the different units used to measure electricity. Start from watts, volts, ohms, and amps. Try to explain these measurements in detail and write about when or where they’re used.

People get electricity from various resources. Most countries use nuclear energy, coal, renewable energy, and natural gas to produce electricity. Some nations can make much more electricity because of their size and resources. These include China, India, Russia, and the United States.

Modern music wouldn’t be the same without electricity. We wouldn’t have electric instruments, like electric guitars and electric pianos. We also wouldn’t be able to record or listen to any music without electricity to power recording stations or speakers. We wouldn’t have music genres like EDM or rock without electricity. That is how vital electricity is to music.

Here is another music-related and electricity-related essay topic. Did you know that electricity can make music? Instead of using a musical instrument, you can use a tesla coil as the sound source. When tesla coils switch on and off, it causes the air molecules around it to vibrate, creating sound. You can even change the frequency of a tesla coil to get different pitches or notes. If you’ve tried this experiment, consider writing about it.

 Choose among the different essay formats before you write a full essay.   

Maria Caballero is a freelance writer who has been writing since high school. She believes that to be a writer doesn't only refer to excellent syntax and semantics but also knowing how to weave words together to communicate to any reader effectively.

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Save Electricity Essay: Format & Samples

• Updated on  
• Dec 9, 2020

Energy conservation has become a need of the hour in today’s world! Electricity being an important source of energy is also wasted the most by humans! Wondering how saving electricity helps the environment? When you consume less electricity, you are reducing the toxic fumes released by power plants. And it also saves your money simultaneously! As learning methods of conserving energy is an essential part of life today, education institutes have come forward to spread awareness at an early stage, either by hosting a slogan or poster competition or by asking students to write save electricity essay! In this blog, we will be explaining how to write a spectacular save electricity essay!

This Blog Includes:

Why do we need to save electricity, essay format and examples, sample essay 1 (300-350 words), sample essay 2 on save electricity (250-300 words), sample essay 3 (500 words).

For both saving money and saving energy, preserving electricity is critical. This is why we should save electricity –

• Saving electricity will help you save money
• There will be a decrease in pollution and carbon emissions
• It will also lead to a decrease in the use of fossil fuels

Students need to become familiar with the style of essay writing before drafting an essay on Save Electricity, in order to know how to structure the essay on a given subject. Take a look at the following pointers that focus on the 300-350 word essay format: 

We assume, therefore, that this blog has helped you understand the main features of the Save Electricity essay. If you are interested in environmental studies and planning to pursue courses in the area, use the AI-based tool of Leverage Edu to search through a wide range of programmes available worldwide in this specific field and find the best combination of courses and universities that matches your interests, priorities and ambitions.

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Essay on Electricity

Introduction.

Imagine if we had to endure the unbearable heat during the summers or live in darkness during the night. We can’t think of a life without a fan or light, can we? But have you wondered what makes them work? Electricity is the beautiful phenomenon that is behind the running of various appliances today. We cannot underestimate the power of electricity in our lives, and this long essay on electricity will help your kids to be familiar with its uses and benefits.

Importance of Electricity

There is hardly anything that does not work on electricity. Whether we need to watch TV or run a grinder, electricity is an important component that makes them function. This long essay on electricity shows how electricity makes our lives easier and more comfortable. Earlier, if we relied on handmade fans to keep ourselves cool, we now have to simply tap on the switch to run our electric fans, pedestal fans or ceiling fans. Similarly, the old kerosene lamps are now replaced by modern lights and tubes that fill the whole place with light. In this manner, electricity has given us many comforts, and it is hard for us to imagine going back to living without it.

Nearly every aspect of human life has benefited from using electricity. Apart from simplifying our lives at home by inventing electrical appliances, electricity has enabled easy communication through the introduction of telephones and fax machines. Besides, its use is found in many industries and factories to run large machines. If electric trains took the place of steam engines in the transportation industry, new devices and instruments, like X-ray machines, scanning devices, ECG and such, have changed the way the medical industry operates. Thus, we can say that the unseen presence of electricity has filled our lives with hope and joy.

Ways to Save Electricity

We all know that we get electricity from coal and water. Coal and petroleum are non-renewable resources, and there is a limit to using them, as it would take enormous time to replenish these resources. Thus, it is important to use electricity productively. Give your children this free printable essay on electricity from BYJU’S so that they understand its significance.

In this save electricity essay, there are some effective tips to conserve energy. We often tend to switch on the lights even in broad daylight or use a fan when it is extremely cold. Such unnecessary use of electricity must be avoided as you can open your windows to let in light and wind. Limit the charging of your phones and laptops, and remember to unplug them after it is fully charged. Also, try to spend maximum time outdoors so that you can restrict the time of watching TV. Thus, by taking such simple measures, we can save electricity.

Found this essay interesting? You can access more essays similar to the essay on electricity, along with a range of kid-friendly learning resources, on BYJU’S website.

Frequently Asked Questions

Explain how electricity is produced..

Electricity is mainly produced from non-renewable sources, like coal and petroleum. But nowadays, electricity is also generated from wind, flowing water, sun and tides to make electricity cheap and easily available.

What are the uses of electricity?

Electricity is widely used in homes, industries and factories. Inventions like fans, lights and other electrical devices, like washing machines, refrigerators, televisions, computers and grinders, work on electricity.

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Essay on Importance Of Electricity In Our Daily Life

Students are often asked to write an essay on Importance Of Electricity In Our Daily Life in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Importance Of Electricity In Our Daily Life

Lighting our homes.

Electricity gives us light. Before electricity, people used candles or oil lamps. Now, with the flip of a switch, our rooms are bright. This helps us see at night and do our homework without straining our eyes.

Keeping Food Fresh

In our kitchens, fridges use electricity to keep food cold and fresh. Without electricity, milk would go bad quickly, and we couldn’t store leftovers safely. This helps us waste less food and stay healthy.

Entertainment and Learning

We use electricity to charge phones, play video games, and watch TV. It also powers computers, which help us learn new things. Without electricity, we would miss out on fun and education.

Comfort in Homes

Electricity runs our fans and heaters, making our homes cool in summer and warm in winter. It also powers air conditioners, which help us sleep better on hot nights.

Medical Care

Hospitals need electricity for life-saving machines. These machines support sick people and help doctors do surgeries. Without electricity, treating patients would be much harder.

250 Words Essay on Importance Of Electricity In Our Daily Life

What is electricity.

Electricity is a form of energy that we use to power lots of things around us. It makes our lives easier and more comfortable. Imagine living without lights, refrigerators, or computers. That’s what life would be like without electricity.

One of the most important uses of electricity is giving us light. Before electricity, people used candles or oil lamps, which were not as bright and could be dangerous. With the flip of a switch, our rooms are bright even when it’s dark outside.

Electricity runs our refrigerators and freezers. These appliances keep our food cold or frozen, so it does not spoil quickly. This means we can store fruits, vegetables, and milk for days without them going bad.

Powering Devices

Many of the things we use every day need electricity. Televisions, computers, and phones all rely on it. These devices help us learn new things, do our homework, and stay in touch with friends and family.

Helping in Hospitals

Hospitals use electricity to power machines that help doctors treat patients. Some machines help people breathe or check their heart. Without electricity, doctors would have a hard time helping sick people get better.

Making Life Easier

Electricity also powers tools and machines that make life easier. Washing machines clean our clothes, and dishwashers clean our plates. Without electricity, we would have to wash everything by hand.

In summary, electricity is very important in our daily life. It lights up our homes, keeps our food fresh, powers our devices, helps in hospitals, and makes life easier. We should be thankful for electricity and use it wisely to save energy.

500 Words Essay on Importance Of Electricity In Our Daily Life

The role of electricity in everyday life.

Electricity is a powerful form of energy that is part of our daily lives. It is so important that it’s hard to imagine what life would be like without it. From the moment we wake up until we go to sleep, electricity is there, making our lives easier and more comfortable.

Lighting Our Homes and Schools

One of the most basic uses of electricity is providing light. Before electricity, people used candles or oil lamps, which were not as bright and could be dangerous. Now, with the flip of a switch, our rooms are filled with light. This makes it possible for us to do activities at any time, day or night.

Keeping Us Warm and Cool

Electricity helps control the temperature in our homes and schools. During cold days, electric heaters keep us warm. When it’s hot, fans and air conditioners cool us down. This is very important for our comfort and can even keep us safe during extreme weather.

Powering Appliances

Many tools and machines we use every day need electricity to work. Refrigerators keep our food fresh. Ovens and microwaves let us cook meals. Washing machines and dryers clean our clothes. These appliances save us time and effort, making daily chores easier.

Electricity also powers the things we use for fun and education. Televisions, computers, and game consoles offer entertainment and help us relax. They also allow us to learn new things through educational programs and the internet. Without electricity, we wouldn’t have access to all the information and fun activities that we enjoy.

Communication

Electricity is very important for communication. It powers our phones, computers, and the internet. This helps us talk to our friends and family, no matter how far away they are. It also lets us find information quickly and easily.

In hospitals and clinics, electricity is essential. It powers life-saving machines like heart monitors and ventilators. It also allows doctors to use special equipment to look inside our bodies and help find out what’s wrong when we’re sick.

Transportation

Electricity is becoming more and more important in transportation. Electric trains and subways help people get around cities. Electric cars are becoming popular because they don’t pollute the air. Even traffic lights and streetlights need electricity to keep roads safe.

In conclusion, electricity plays a huge role in our daily life. It lights our way, keeps us comfortable, powers our appliances, entertains and educates us, helps us communicate, supports healthcare, and is changing the way we travel. Without electricity, our modern world would not be as convenient, safe, or enjoyable. It’s a silent partner in our daily activities, and we often don’t notice it, but it is always there, making our lives better.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

• Essay on Importance Of Effective Communication
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Short Essay on Save Electricity [100, 200, 400 Words] With PDF

In this lesson, you will learn to write short essays on the topic of ‘Save Electricity’. Here I will write three sets of essays on the same topic in very simple words for a better understanding of all kinds of students. 

Table of Contents

Short essay on save electricity in 100 words, short essay on save electricity in 200 words, short essay on save electricity in 400 words.

Electricity is one of the biggest gifts that science has given to us. It is mostly produced by burning fossil fuels and fossil fuels are non-renewable. This means that once we use up all the fossil fuels present on this planet, we will have to solely depend on solar, wind and hydropower to generate electricity.

Although these resources do help, the use of renewable energy is not widespread and thus, a large part of the world may end up having to live without electricity. That’s why we must save electricity. We must be mindful of our usage of electricity. We must turn off light bulbs and fans when they aren’t in use. Saving electricity is the need of the day. 

Today, it is very difficult to imagine a life without electricity. Be it light bulbs or fans, heaters or air-conditioners, mixer-grinders or ovens, everything runs on electricity. Even our mobile phones and computers wouldn’t be able to function without electricity. And that is why it is very important for us to save electricity.

Electricity is generated around the world mostly using fossil fuels like coal. Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources. This means that once we use up all the fossil fuels present on this planet, we will have to solely depend on solar, wind and hydropower to generate electricity. These days, many parts of the world use these renewable resources to generate a portion of the total electricity needed. But since producing electricity using such methods is neither very well-developed nor widespread, it is possible that if we empty the reserves of fossil fuels, a large part of this world will be left without electricity. 

We must conserve electricity to ensure that our future is bright. We must be mindful of our usage of electricity. We must always remember to turn off light bulbs, fans and other electrical appliances when they are not in use. Instead of watching television all day long, we should encourage each other to go out and play in nature. Only by reducing our usage of electricity will we be able to save it. 

Over the last 200 years, science has bestowed countless gifts upon humanity. Out of all these gifts, the one that has proved to be the most important is electricity. Today, it is very difficult to imagine a life without electricity. Be it light bulbs or fans, heaters or air-conditioners, mixer-grinders or ovens, everything runs on electricity.

Even our mobile phones and computers wouldn’t be able to function without electricity. We have now become dependent on electrical appliances for the smallest of things like hair drying, heating food and washing our socks. That is why it is very important for us to save electricity. 

In most nations across the world, electricity is produced using fossil fuels such as coal. Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources. This means that we can not go on and on and expect that we will always have electricity. Once we use up all the fossil fuels present on this planet, we will have to solely depend on renewable resources such as solar, wind and water to generate electricity. These days, some parts of the world use these renewable resources to generate a portion of the total electricity needed. But producing electricity using such methods is neither very well-developed nor widespread. 

It is not only possible but also probable that if we empty the reserves of fossil fuels, a large part of this world will be left without electricity. Therefore, we must conserve electricity to ensure that our future is bright. We must be mindful of our usage of electricity. We must always remember to turn off light bulbs, fans and other electrical appliances when they are not in use. It is actually quite easy to save electricity. We can wash clothes by hand instead of turning the washing machine on for every single piece of garment.

We can also use natural light instead of depending on electric lamps during the day. Instead of watching television all day long, we should encourage each other to go out and enjoy nature. We should encourage kids to play with each other rather than watching TV all day long or playing video games on their computers. This would not only save electricity but also help kids live an active and healthy life. 

We should launch campaigns to spread awareness amongst people about the importance of saving electricity. We should also push the government to adopt renewable ways of electricity generation and encourage people to install solar panels on the top of their houses. This would make us less dependent on fossil fuels for electricity. Electricity is a precious resource for us that’s why we must focus on saving electricity. 

Hopefully, all your doubts have been resolved regarding this context after going through this lesson. If you still have any confusion, kindly let me know through some quick comments. 

Join us on Telegram to get the latest updates on our upcoming sessions. Thanks for being with us. 

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Essay on Electricity in English For Students & Children

We are Sharing an Essay on Electricity in English for students and children. In this article, we have tried our best to provide a Short essay on Electricity for Classes 4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12, and Graduation in 200, 300, 400, 500, 800 words.

Essay on Electricity 250 words

Electricity is one of the greatest and most useful discoveries of the twentieth century.

At present, we can’t live without electricity. Dozens of gadgets In our homes run with the help of electricity. Such is the AC, the desert cooler, the fan, the room-heater, the electric bulbs and tubes, the TV, the computer, the refrigerator, the electric oven, the mixer, the toaster, the washing machine, the water purifier, the motor pump, the room impeller and the expeller, the exhaust fan, the doorbell, and so many others.

In this progressive age, most of the sectors like the agricultural, the industrial, the medical, and other sectors all depend upon electricity.

It is electricity that runs the tube wells, the factories, and mills, the ECG, EEG and other machines, the printing presses, etc. The big rolling machines and the large turbines are all run with electricity. Now, electricity is used in running trains, trams and even buses at some places.

The lightning in the sky is a kind of electricity that takes place when positively and negatively charged clouds come close to each other.

Electricity is produced in several ways such as hydraulic pressure of cataracts and waterfalls which run powerful turbines, solar energy, windmills, nuclear energy, etc.

Electricity has made this civilization what it is. It is under electric light that we can read and write and see a movie in a cinema or watch a T.V. serial or a match.

If there were no electricity, the age of books and computers would be over. There would be no education and hence no education. Even food would be a problem and a large population would die of hunger.

# Speech | Paragraph on Electricity # essay on electricity and its importance

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Home — Essay Samples — Science — Electricity — Electricity in the World

Electricity in The World

• Categories: Electricity

About this sample

Words: 1048 |

Published: Feb 12, 2019

Words: 1048 | Pages: 2 | 6 min read

Works Cited

• Shivane, V. (2011). Electricity: A Great Boon of Modern Science. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(2), 127-130.
• Chopra, A. (2015). Importance of Electricity in Our Daily Life. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 5(2), 106-108.
• Peardew, J. (2017). Ancient Knowledge of Electricity. Journal of Historical Science, 3(1), 45-52.
• Brachmann, J. (2017). The Pioneers of Electricity: Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison. Electrical Engineering Today, 21(3), 76-82.
• Nussbaum, R. (n.d.). Benjamin Franklin and the Kite Experiment. Retrieved from https://www.ushistory.org/franklin/info/kite.htm
• Sunshine, L. (2017). Common Forms of Energy. Scientific American, 301(5), 42-48.
• Edison, T. (1880). The Edison Electric Light Company. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 4(3), 101-105.
• Tesla, N. (1892). Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency. Electrical Engineer, 5(2), 176-180.
• Franklin, B. (1752). Experiments and Observations on Electricity. Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin.
• Smith, J. (2008). The Impact of Electricity on Society. Journal of Technology Studies, 34(2), 45-52.

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Energy Conservation Essay for Students and Children

500 words energy conservation essay.

Energy conservation refers to the efforts made to reduce the consumption of energy. The energy on Earth is not in unlimited supply. Furthermore, energy can take plenty of time to regenerate. This certainly makes it essential to conserve energy. Most noteworthy, energy conservation is achievable either by using energy more efficiently or by reducing the amount of service usage.

Importance of Energy Conservation

First of all, energy conservation plays an important role in saving non-renewable energy resources. Furthermore, non-renewable energy sources take many centuries to regenerate. Moreover, humans consume energy at a faster rate than it can be produced. Therefore, energy conservation would lead to the preservation of these precious non-renewable sources of energy.

Energy conservation will reduce the expenses related to fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are very expensive to mine. Therefore, consumers are required to pay higher prices for goods and services. Energy conservation would certainly reduce the amount of fossil fuel being mined. This, in turn, would reduce the costs of consumers.

Consequently, energy conservation would strengthen the economy as consumers will have more disposable income to spend on goods and services.

Energy conservation is good for scientific research. This is because; energy conservation gives researchers plenty of time to conduct researches.

Therefore, these researchers will have more time to come up with various energy solutions and alternatives. Humans must ensure to have fossil fuels as long as possible. This would give me enough time to finding practical solutions.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Another important reason for energy conservation is environmental protection. This is because various energy sources are significantly harmful to the environment. Furthermore, the burning of fossil fuels considerably pollutes the atmosphere. Moreover, nuclear energy creates dangerous nuclear waste. Hence, energy conservation will lead to environmental protection.

Energy conservation would also result in the good health of humans. Furthermore, the pollution released due to energy sources is harmful to the human body. The air pollution due to fossil fuels can cause various respiratory problems. Energy sources can pollute water which could cause several harmful diseases in humans. Nuclear waste can cause cancer and other deadly problems in the human body.

Measures to Conserve Energy

Energy taxation is a good measure from the government to conserve energy. Furthermore, several countries apply energy or a carbon tax on energy users. This tax would certainly put pressure on energy users to reduce their energy consumption. Moreover, carbon tax forces energy users to shift to other energy sources that are less harmful.

Building design plays a big role in energy conservation. An excellent way to conserve energy is by performing an energy audit in buildings. Energy audit refers to inspection and analysis of energy use in a building. Most noteworthy, the aim of the energy audit is to appropriately reduce energy input.

Another important way of energy conservation is by using energy-efficient products. Energy-efficient products are those that use lesser energy than their normal counterparts. One prominent example can be using an energy-efficient bulb rather than an incandescent light bulb.

In conclusion, energy conservation must be among the utmost priorities of humanity. Mahatma Gandhi was absolutely right when he said, “the earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs but not every man’s greed”. This statement pretty much sums up the importance of energy conservation. Immediate implementation of energy conservation measures is certainly of paramount importance.

FAQs on Energy Conservation

Q1 state one way in which energy conservation is important.

A1 One way in which energy conservation is important is that it leads to the preservation of fossil fuels.

Q2 Why energy taxation is a good measure to conserve energy?

A2 Energy taxation is certainly a good measure to conserve energy. This is because energy taxation puts financial pressure on energy users to reduce their energy consumption.

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Electrical Safety and Hazards of Electricity Essay

Introduction.

Bibliography

Electrical Safety is a part of industrial safety programs aimed to protect workers and outside environment from threats and risks. The electrical safety regulation involves congressional legislation stating the need to protect health, safety, and the environment; setting goals for improvements in the present condition; and establishing the commissions to deal with the day-to-day problems of actually achieving the goals. Once established, the new agencies attempt to settle quickly into full-blown and efficient administrative processes. While the legislation provided guidelines as to why the agency should proceed, it usually does specify the method or process of regulation.

Electricity is dangerous for a human causing death and health hazards. If a current runs through a human body it burns the flesh and causes the shock. In its turn, shock leads to heart attack and heart failure. One-tenth of an ampere may prove death if it passes through the main part of the body. “Of all the skin layers, keratin exhibits the highest resistance to the passage of electricity” (Cadick et al 2005, p. 1.20).

For instance, the 110 volts is enough to be fatal. in industrial setting, electricity is dangerous because it causes rapid heating and expansion of sap vapors in case of fire. In current, “electrons move because they push on each other to spread apart. When more electrons are in one place than another, those in the crowded area push harder than those in the emptier area, so electrons move from the former to the latter. Resistance is modeled as a blocking process in which “imperfections” in the material act as obstacles in the electrons’ paths” (McCutchen 1999, p. 259).

In industrial settings, electricity is dangerous because of high voltage and metal constructions used in many plants and factories. “Employees who work around electricity don’t survive on luck. Worse is the fact that having a near death accident doesn’t “feel” lucky to most” (Cadick et al 2005, p. 8.14). The regulation of worker safety goes toward specifying equipment. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 is enacted to reverse the rising trend of worker accidents during the 1960s. When the act became law, the secretary of labor set the first safety standards based on equipment specifications arrive at over the previous two decades by industry health associations and nonprofit safety organizations (Viscusi 2000).

Today, electrical safety issues contain extremely detailed specifications of the physical conditions of production, ranging from the cleanliness of the working area to the position and size of mesh screens over moving machinery. The goals are to set in terms of improving health and safety across the country, EPA, NHTSA, and OSHA regulations evolved away from performance to setting out and partially enforcing detailed equipment specifications (Viscusi 2000).

Because standard setting has been litigious and prolonged, the existing set of rules has not been complete. But these regulations when available and applied to the individual plant have proven to be extremely detailed and inflexible. When they have not fit, the only way to resolve an all-or-nothing confrontation has been to postpone application. in utility and industrial settings, ”electricity is conducted along copper wires in power generation, transmission, and distribution” (Cadick et al 2005, p. 11.8).

By controlling equipment and production processes, the agencies regulating electrical safety have had some impact on industry costs and prices. Electrical safety concerns logically fall into four basic categories: product design standards, installation standards, safety-related maintenance information and usage instructions “(Cadick et al 2005, p. 6.16). The impact is realized by the companies in higher equipment costs and reduced equipment options. This, in turn, increases the long-run, and increases the short-run, costs of production. Behavior modification approaches to workplace safety invoke a domino model, such that reinforcement strategies affect safe behavior, which in turn affects accident rates.

Following Patterson (1999), the simplest form of event sequence model accords less attention to causes and more attention to the outcomes leading up to an accident. The nuance here is that an accident is a process, rather than a single discrete event. Patterson (1999) conceptualizes the accident process as a hazard buildup cycle. At first, the workplace is safe with no uncontrolled hazards. As people start to work, however, tools are left out in work spaces, and different people enter the work space to do different things with different tools and equipment. People and objects move around and make opportunities to bump into each other.

Eventually hazards accumulate to a critical level when an accident occurs. Notice that there is a entropy concept implicit in the hazard buildup view of an accident process. For instance, in industrial settings: “whenever possible, safety grounds are applied to create a zone of equal potential around the employee. This means that the voltage is equal on all components within reach of the employee” (Cadick et al 2005, p. 2.84).

An intervention based on the hazard buildup cycle would emphasize training for good factory housekeeping. Other possible forms of training would center on the best use of tools, and procedures that would minimize the acceleration of the hazard buildup. Workers should learn to recognize the buildup cycle, and to spontaneously intervene by reorganizing their work spaces for a safer outcome (Viscusi 2000). The intervention essentially kick-starts a self-organization process for all workers. Entropy, having increased unto chaos, now causes the system to self-organize into a state where there is less internal entropy, and a more controlled transferral of energy into the work environment.

The concept of electrical safety climate was first expressed by Zohar (1980 cited Patterson 1999), who was investigating the safety practices, and workers’ views of those safety practices, that distinguished factories with good safety performance from those with poor performance. Attitudes toward the organization’s safety program and its effectiveness, worker training, availability of needed tools and personal protection equipment, and the foreman’s attentiveness to rule violations, all served to distinguish high and low performing groups (Viscusi 2000). The set of survey questions, taken together denoted a climate for safety.

The concept of climate was similar in principle to the organizational climate concepts, except that climate was viewed with respect to a more limited set of objectives or issues. The introduction of an organizational construct was justified because the measurements distinguished organizations rather than individuals (Patterson 1999).

Electrical workers and inspectors operate with a variety of notions of compliance. Full compliance is a standard set of conditions which they are aiming towards: this will usually be at least the legal or administrative definition of compliance, and it may represent a standard above the legal minimum. Inspectors may also operate with temporary definitions of compliance, that is a state of affairs which is less than full compliance but which is tolerated for a fixed period, until such time as they consider it reasonable for a state of full compliance to have been achieved (Cadick et al 2005).

Both of these are positive definitions, to the extent that they emphasize the degree to which something measures up to the required standard. When inspectors are wanting to emphasize the negative aspects of a situation they talked in terms of non-compliance. The definition, achievement, and maintenance of compliance is a process which continues for as long as a business is in operation and known about by the regulatory authorities. But while the activities regulated by inspectors are continuous, inspectors’ visits to these sites are ‘momentary’ and sometimes infrequent (Patterson 1999).

They therefore make decisions from ‘snapshots’ of activity, and with the benefit of varying levels of training, guidance, and experience. Issues of compliance therefore emerge in different contexts and settings and the meanings they take on are molded accordingly. It may take inspectors a long time to become familiar with some very large and complex organizations, a task which may be made more difficult by reorganizations.

For instance, British Railways is perhaps a good example, since its national organization was differentiated both on a regional basis and according to specialisms such as civil engineering, mechanical and electrical engineering, signals and telecommunications, and operations (Patterson 1999). Not only was this a complicated organization in itself but it was not a static organization. Each of the parts might be reorganized, leaving members of the RI with the problem of not knowing whom to contact, especially if jobs were awkwardly defined. However, some inspectors felt that reorganizations could help them if individual managers became responsible for larger areas, as inspectors would then need to contact fewer managers to effect improvements across a greater area.

In industrial settings, the environmental hazard parameters can be thought of as background and trigger variables, respectively. The relationship between hazards and accidents is thought to be linear in the sense of the Patterson (1999) hazard buildup process. Other evidence suggests that the electrical safety is actually a log-linear relationship, such that hazards are more closely related to the log of accidents rates, rather than to accident rates directly (Parkhurst and Niebur 2002).

Variables that represent sources of stress, which in turn affect performance, are thought to cause a sharp inflection of risk over a short amount of time when the background hazard level is sufficiently strong. Risk inflection, which is greatest when anxiety and stress are high, safety management is poor, and group size is small. Good safety management is thought to produce only a relatively low. Safety management is a control mechanism both in real circumstances and as a bifurcating effect in the model. Tests of the cusp model in two situations showed that the model provides a good description of the accident process and affords a variety of qualitative recommendations that an organization can use to enhance its safety performance (McCutchen 1999).

In sum, electricity is dangerous because it causes deaths and injuries if the workers are not protected and safety measures are not kept. Behavior modification programs, which selectively reward desired safety responses and censure undesirable behaviors, rank among the most effective means of controlling accidents, as long as the contingencies of reinforcement center on rewarding the desired behavior to a greater extent than on punishing undesirable behavior. Their chief limitations are, however, that they require constant monitoring by the agencies delivering the rewards, and only a narrow set of behaviors can be targeted effectively within a specific program. Also, they tend to view targeted behaviors in isolation, rather than as results of a complex system process. Sometimes those limitations are not problems, of course, but sometimes they are.

• Cadick, J., Capelli_M., Neitzel, D. K. Electrical Safety Handbook . McGraw-Hill Professional; 3 edition, 2005.
• McCutchen, D. Making Their Own Connections: Students’ Understanding of Multiple Models in Basic Electricity. Cognition and Instruction , 17, 1999. 249-259.
• Patterson, W. Transforming Electricity: The Coming Generation of Change . Earthscan Ltd, 1999.
• Parkhurst, D. J., Niebur, E., Variable-Resolution Displays: A Theoretical, Practical, and Behavioral Evaluation. Human Factors , 44, 2002, p. 611.
• Viscusi, K. Corporate Risk Analysis: A Reckless Act? Stanford Law Review , 52, 2000, pp. 547-597.
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

IvyPanda. (2021, August 16). Electrical Safety and Hazards of Electricity. https://ivypanda.com/essays/electrical-safety-and-hazards-of-electricity/

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IvyPanda . 2021. "Electrical Safety and Hazards of Electricity." August 16, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/electrical-safety-and-hazards-of-electricity/.

1. IvyPanda . "Electrical Safety and Hazards of Electricity." August 16, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/electrical-safety-and-hazards-of-electricity/.

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The term ‘electricity’ was coined by a guy called William Gilbert in 1600. One thing to keep in mind is that Electricity was never invented; it’s a form of energy which has always existed throughout the universe. However it was discovered by the 600 BC. It is amazing as to how fast electricity can travel. It travels at the speed of light, which is 186,000 miles per second. Electricity can be created using water, wind, the sun, and even animal waste. With the discovery of electric eels it was found that electric eels produce up to 600 watts of electricity.

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The Case for Marrying an Older Man

A woman’s life is all work and little rest. an age gap relationship can help..

In the summer, in the south of France, my husband and I like to play, rather badly, the lottery. We take long, scorching walks to the village — gratuitous beauty, gratuitous heat — kicking up dust and languid debates over how we’d spend such an influx. I purchase scratch-offs, jackpot tickets, scraping the former with euro coins in restaurants too fine for that. I never cash them in, nor do I check the winning numbers. For I already won something like the lotto, with its gifts and its curses, when he married me.

He is ten years older than I am. I chose him on purpose, not by chance. As far as life decisions go, on balance, I recommend it.

When I was 20 and a junior at Harvard College, a series of great ironies began to mock me. I could study all I wanted, prove myself as exceptional as I liked, and still my fiercest advantage remained so universal it deflated my other plans. My youth. The newness of my face and body. Compellingly effortless; cruelly fleeting. I shared it with the average, idle young woman shrugging down the street. The thought, when it descended on me, jolted my perspective, the way a falling leaf can make you look up: I could diligently craft an ideal existence, over years and years of sleepless nights and industry. Or I could just marry it early.

So naturally I began to lug a heavy suitcase of books each Saturday to the Harvard Business School to work on my Nabokov paper. In one cavernous, well-appointed room sat approximately 50 of the planet’s most suitable bachelors. I had high breasts, most of my eggs, plausible deniability when it came to purity, a flush ponytail, a pep in my step that had yet to run out. Apologies to Progress, but older men still desired those things.

I could not understand why my female classmates did not join me, given their intelligence. Each time I reconsidered the project, it struck me as more reasonable. Why ignore our youth when it amounted to a superpower? Why assume the burdens of womanhood, its too-quick-to-vanish upper hand, but not its brief benefits at least? Perhaps it came easier to avoid the topic wholesale than to accept that women really do have a tragically short window of power, and reason enough to take advantage of that fact while they can. As for me, I liked history, Victorian novels, knew of imminent female pitfalls from all the books I’d read: vampiric boyfriends; labor, at the office and in the hospital, expected simultaneously; a decline in status as we aged, like a looming eclipse. I’d have disliked being called calculating, but I had, like all women, a calculator in my head. I thought it silly to ignore its answers when they pointed to an unfairness for which we really ought to have been preparing.

I was competitive by nature, an English-literature student with all the corresponding major ambitions and minor prospects (Great American novel; email job). A little Bovarist , frantic for new places and ideas; to travel here, to travel there, to be in the room where things happened. I resented the callow boys in my class, who lusted after a particular, socially sanctioned type on campus: thin and sexless, emotionally detached and socially connected, the opposite of me. Restless one Saturday night, I slipped on a red dress and snuck into a graduate-school event, coiling an HDMI cord around my wrist as proof of some technical duty. I danced. I drank for free, until one of the organizers asked me to leave. I called and climbed into an Uber. Then I promptly climbed out of it. For there he was, emerging from the revolving doors. Brown eyes, curved lips, immaculate jacket. I went to him, asked him for a cigarette. A date, days later. A second one, where I discovered he was a person, potentially my favorite kind: funny, clear-eyed, brilliant, on intimate terms with the universe.

I used to love men like men love women — that is, not very well, and with a hunger driven only by my own inadequacies. Not him. In those early days, I spoke fondly of my family, stocked the fridge with his favorite pasta, folded his clothes more neatly than I ever have since. I wrote his mother a thank-you note for hosting me in his native France, something befitting a daughter-in-law. It worked; I meant it. After graduation and my fellowship at Oxford, I stayed in Europe for his career and married him at 23.

Of course I just fell in love. Romances have a setting; I had only intervened to place myself well. Mainly, I spotted the precise trouble of being a woman ahead of time, tried to surf it instead of letting it drown me on principle. I had grown bored of discussions of fair and unfair, equal or unequal , and preferred instead to consider a thing called ease.

The reception of a particular age-gap relationship depends on its obviousness. The greater and more visible the difference in years and status between a man and a woman, the more it strikes others as transactional. Transactional thinking in relationships is both as American as it gets and the least kosher subject in the American romantic lexicon. When a 50-year-old man and a 25-year-old woman walk down the street, the questions form themselves inside of you; they make you feel cynical and obscene: How good of a deal is that? Which party is getting the better one? Would I take it? He is older. Income rises with age, so we assume he has money, at least relative to her; at minimum, more connections and experience. She has supple skin. Energy. Sex. Maybe she gets a Birkin. Maybe he gets a baby long after his prime. The sight of their entwined hands throws a lucid light on the calculations each of us makes, in love, to varying degrees of denial. You could get married in the most romantic place in the world, like I did, and you would still have to sign a contract.

Twenty and 30 is not like 30 and 40; some freshness to my features back then, some clumsiness in my bearing, warped our decade, in the eyes of others, to an uncrossable gulf. Perhaps this explains the anger we felt directed at us at the start of our relationship. People seemed to take us very, very personally. I recall a hellish car ride with a friend of his who began to castigate me in the backseat, in tones so low that only I could hear him. He told me, You wanted a rich boyfriend. You chased and snuck into parties . He spared me the insult of gold digger, but he drew, with other words, the outline for it. Most offended were the single older women, my husband’s classmates. They discussed me in the bathroom at parties when I was in the stall. What does he see in her? What do they talk about? They were concerned about me. They wielded their concern like a bludgeon. They paraphrased without meaning to my favorite line from Nabokov’s Lolita : “You took advantage of my disadvantage,” suspecting me of some weakness he in turn mined. It did not disturb them, so much, to consider that all relationships were trades. The trouble was the trade I’d made struck them as a bad one.

The truth is you can fall in love with someone for all sorts of reasons, tiny transactions, pluses and minuses, whose sum is your affection for each other, your loyalty, your commitment. The way someone picks up your favorite croissant. Their habit of listening hard. What they do for you on your anniversary and your reciprocal gesture, wrapped thoughtfully. The serenity they inspire; your happiness, enlivening it. When someone says they feel unappreciated, what they really mean is you’re in debt to them.

When I think of same-age, same-stage relationships, what I tend to picture is a woman who is doing too much for too little.

I’m 27 now, and most women my age have “partners.” These days, girls become partners quite young. A partner is supposed to be a modern answer to the oppression of marriage, the terrible feeling of someone looming over you, head of a household to which you can only ever be the neck. Necks are vulnerable. The problem with a partner, however, is if you’re equal in all things, you compromise in all things. And men are too skilled at taking .

There is a boy out there who knows how to floss because my friend taught him. Now he kisses college girls with fresh breath. A boy married to my friend who doesn’t know how to pack his own suitcase. She “likes to do it for him.” A million boys who know how to touch a woman, who go to therapy because they were pushed, who learned fidelity, boundaries, decency, manners, to use a top sheet and act humanely beneath it, to call their mothers, match colors, bring flowers to a funeral and inhale, exhale in the face of rage, because some girl, some girl we know, some girl they probably don’t speak to and will never, ever credit, took the time to teach him. All while she was working, raising herself, clawing up the cliff-face of adulthood. Hauling him at her own expense.

I find a post on Reddit where five thousand men try to define “ a woman’s touch .” They describe raised flower beds, blankets, photographs of their loved ones, not hers, sprouting on the mantel overnight. Candles, coasters, side tables. Someone remembering to take lint out of the dryer. To give compliments. I wonder what these women are getting back. I imagine them like Cinderella’s mice, scurrying around, their sole proof of life their contributions to a more central character. On occasion I meet a nice couple, who grew up together. They know each other with a fraternalism tender and alien to me.  But I think of all my friends who failed at this, were failed at this, and I think, No, absolutely not, too risky . Riskier, sometimes, than an age gap.

My younger brother is in his early 20s, handsome, successful, but in many ways: an endearing disaster. By his age, I had long since wisened up. He leaves his clothes in the dryer, takes out a single shirt, steams it for three minutes. His towel on the floor, for someone else to retrieve. His lovely, same-age girlfriend is aching to fix these tendencies, among others. She is capable beyond words. Statistically, they will not end up together. He moved into his first place recently, and she, the girlfriend, supplied him with a long, detailed list of things he needed for his apartment: sheets, towels, hangers, a colander, which made me laugh. She picked out his couch. I will bet you anything she will fix his laundry habits, and if so, they will impress the next girl. If they break up, she will never see that couch again, and he will forget its story. I tell her when I visit because I like her, though I get in trouble for it: You shouldn’t do so much for him, not for someone who is not stuck with you, not for any boy, not even for my wonderful brother.

Too much work had left my husband, by 30, jaded and uninspired. He’d burned out — but I could reenchant things. I danced at restaurants when they played a song I liked. I turned grocery shopping into an adventure, pleased by what I provided. Ambitious, hungry, he needed someone smart enough to sustain his interest, but flexible enough in her habits to build them around his hours. I could. I do: read myself occupied, make myself free, materialize beside him when he calls for me. In exchange, I left a lucrative but deadening spreadsheet job to write full-time, without having to live like a writer. I learned to cook, a little, and decorate, somewhat poorly. Mostly I get to read, to walk central London and Miami and think in delicious circles, to work hard, when necessary, for free, and write stories for far less than minimum wage when I tally all the hours I take to write them.

At 20, I had felt daunted by the project of becoming my ideal self, couldn’t imagine doing it in tandem with someone, two raw lumps of clay trying to mold one another and only sullying things worse. I’d go on dates with boys my age and leave with the impression they were telling me not about themselves but some person who didn’t exist yet and on whom I was meant to bet regardless. My husband struck me instead as so finished, formed. Analyzable for compatibility. He bore the traces of other women who’d improved him, small but crucial basics like use a coaster ; listen, don’t give advice. Young egos mellow into patience and generosity.

My husband isn’t my partner. He’s my mentor, my lover, and, only in certain contexts, my friend. I’ll never forget it, how he showed me around our first place like he was introducing me to myself: This is the wine you’ll drink, where you’ll keep your clothes, we vacation here, this is the other language we’ll speak, you’ll learn it, and I did. Adulthood seemed a series of exhausting obligations. But his logistics ran so smoothly that he simply tacked mine on. I moved into his flat, onto his level, drag and drop, cleaner thrice a week, bills automatic. By opting out of partnership in my 20s, I granted myself a kind of compartmentalized, liberating selfishness none of my friends have managed. I am the work in progress, the party we worry about, a surprising dominance. When I searched for my first job, at 21, we combined our efforts, for my sake. He had wisdom to impart, contacts with whom he arranged coffees; we spent an afternoon, laughing, drawing up earnest lists of my pros and cons (highly sociable; sloppy math). Meanwhile, I took calls from a dear friend who had a boyfriend her age. Both savagely ambitious, hyperclose and entwined in each other’s projects. If each was a start-up , the other was the first hire, an intense dedication I found riveting. Yet every time she called me, I hung up with the distinct feeling that too much was happening at the same time: both learning to please a boss; to forge more adult relationships with their families; to pay bills and taxes and hang prints on the wall. Neither had any advice to give and certainly no stability. I pictured a three-legged race, two people tied together and hobbling toward every milestone.

I don’t fool myself. My marriage has its cons. There are only so many times one can say “thank you” — for splendid scenes, fine dinners — before the phrase starts to grate. I live in an apartment whose rent he pays and that shapes the freedom with which I can ever be angry with him. He doesn’t have to hold it over my head. It just floats there, complicating usual shorthands to explain dissatisfaction like, You aren’t being supportive lately . It’s a Frenchism to say, “Take a decision,” and from time to time I joke: from whom? Occasionally I find myself in some fabulous country at some fabulous party and I think what a long way I have traveled, like a lucky cloud, and it is frightening to think of oneself as vapor.

Mostly I worry that if he ever betrayed me and I had to move on, I would survive, but would find in my humor, preferences, the way I make coffee or the bed nothing that he did not teach, change, mold, recompose, stamp with his initials, the way Renaissance painters hid in their paintings their faces among a crowd. I wonder if when they looked at their paintings, they saw their own faces first. But this is the wrong question, if our aim is happiness. Like the other question on which I’m expected to dwell: Who is in charge, the man who drives or the woman who put him there so she could enjoy herself? I sit in the car, in the painting it would have taken me a corporate job and 20 years to paint alone, and my concern over who has the upper hand becomes as distant as the horizon, the one he and I made so wide for me.

To be a woman is to race against the clock, in several ways, until there is nothing left to be but run ragged.

We try to put it off, but it will hit us at some point: that we live in a world in which our power has a different shape from that of men, a different distribution of advantage, ours a funnel and theirs an expanding cone. A woman at 20 rarely has to earn her welcome; a boy at 20 will be turned away at the door. A woman at 30 may find a younger woman has taken her seat; a man at 30 will have invited her. I think back to the women in the bathroom, my husband’s classmates. What was my relationship if not an inconvertible sign of this unfairness? What was I doing, in marrying older, if not endorsing it? I had taken advantage of their disadvantage. I had preempted my own. After all, principled women are meant to defy unfairness, to show some integrity or denial, not plan around it, like I had. These were driven women, successful, beautiful, capable. I merely possessed the one thing they had already lost. In getting ahead of the problem, had I pushed them down? If I hadn’t, would it really have made any difference?

When we decided we wanted to be equal to men, we got on men’s time. We worked when they worked, retired when they retired, had to squeeze pregnancy, children, menopause somewhere impossibly in the margins. I have a friend, in her late 20s, who wears a mood ring; these days it is often red, flickering in the air like a siren when she explains her predicament to me. She has raised her fair share of same-age boyfriends. She has put her head down, worked laboriously alongside them, too. At last she is beginning to reap the dividends, earning the income to finally enjoy herself. But it is now, exactly at this precipice of freedom and pleasure, that a time problem comes closing in. If she would like to have children before 35, she must begin her next profession, motherhood, rather soon, compromising inevitably her original one. The same-age partner, equally unsettled in his career, will take only the minimum time off, she guesses, or else pay some cost which will come back to bite her. Everything unfailingly does. If she freezes her eggs to buy time, the decision and its logistics will burden her singly — and perhaps it will not work. Overlay the years a woman is supposed to establish herself in her career and her fertility window and it’s a perfect, miserable circle. By midlife women report feeling invisible, undervalued; it is a telling cliché, that after all this, some husbands leave for a younger girl. So when is her time, exactly? For leisure, ease, liberty? There is no brand of feminism which achieved female rest. If women’s problem in the ’50s was a paralyzing malaise, now it is that they are too active, too capable, never permitted a vacation they didn’t plan. It’s not that our efforts to have it all were fated for failure. They simply weren’t imaginative enough.

For me, my relationship, with its age gap, has alleviated this rush , permitted me to massage the clock, shift its hands to my benefit. Very soon, we will decide to have children, and I don’t panic over last gasps of fun, because I took so many big breaths of it early: on the holidays of someone who had worked a decade longer than I had, in beautiful places when I was young and beautiful, a symmetry I recommend. If such a thing as maternal energy exists, mine was never depleted. I spent the last nearly seven years supported more than I support and I am still not as old as my husband was when he met me. When I have a child, I will expect more help from him than I would if he were younger, for what does professional tenure earn you if not the right to set more limits on work demands — or, if not, to secure some child care, at the very least? When I return to work after maternal upheaval, he will aid me, as he’s always had, with his ability to put himself aside, as younger men are rarely able.

Above all, the great gift of my marriage is flexibility. A chance to live my life before I become responsible for someone else’s — a lover’s, or a child’s. A chance to write. A chance at a destiny that doesn’t adhere rigidly to the routines and timelines of men, but lends itself instead to roomy accommodation, to the very fluidity Betty Friedan dreamed of in 1963 in The Feminine Mystique , but we’ve largely forgotten: some career or style of life that “permits year-to-year variation — a full-time paid job in one community, part-time in another, exercise of the professional skill in serious volunteer work or a period of study during pregnancy or early motherhood when a full-time job is not feasible.” Some things are just not feasible in our current structures. Somewhere along the way we stopped admitting that, and all we did was make women feel like personal failures. I dream of new structures, a world in which women have entry-level jobs in their 30s; alternate avenues for promotion; corporate ladders with balconies on which they can stand still, have a smoke, take a break, make a baby, enjoy themselves, before they keep climbing. Perhaps men long for this in their own way. Actually I am sure of that.

Once, when we first fell in love, I put my head in his lap on a long car ride; I remember his hands on my face, the sun, the twisting turns of a mountain road, surprising and not surprising us like our romance, and his voice, telling me that it was his biggest regret that I was so young, he feared he would lose me. Last week, we looked back at old photos and agreed we’d given each other our respective best years. Sometimes real equality is not so obvious, sometimes it takes turns, sometimes it takes almost a decade to reveal itself.

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