selling car papers

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What paperwork is needed to sell a car?

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You’re all set to sell your car, but one thing is standing in your way — the dreaded paperwork. Selling your car can be aggravating, but the documentation doesn't need to be part of the problem. If you're wondering “what paperwork do I need to sell my car?”, we'll provide the answer below. You'll also learn how to organize the required documents in a timely fashion so you can finalize the sale smoothly when the right buyer comes along.

Suggested paperwork for selling a car

While you need some paperwork before legally selling your car, some additional documents might help you sell your car faster, for a higher price and assure the buyer they’re getting a good deal. 

Vehicle history report

Providing a car history to potential buyers can get you a lot more looks and possibly speed up a sale. The more buyers know, the better they might feel. Running a check on the Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) can provide a car history from the day it left the factory. You can obtain a vehicle history report from various online sites.

Warranty paperwork

Car warranties come in all shapes and sizes, ranging from bumper-to-bumper coverage to limited big-ticket repairs. Depending on the term of the plan, a warranty could add considerable value to your car. So, if you don't know what contract you purchased with your vehicle, or if you bought any at all, it might be worth digging a little.

Most new car and extended warranties are transferable, but the processes can differ for each provider, so read through the fine print of your contract. If the vehicle is out of warranty, let the buyer know that the sale is “as is.”

Service and maintenance records

Advertising that your vehicle received proper maintenance  might attract buyers, but having proof could clinch the deal. Provide receipts or statements from dealerships or repair shops, or if you did the car's maintenance yourself, then provide receipts from purchases you made and written logs of dated repairs.

Owner’s manual

With all the information accessible via the internet, a written manual might seem archaic. But it sure can come in handy when you get stranded on the side of the road with a flat tire and a dead cellphone, and you can't figure out how to release the car jack. An owner's manual is an excellent back-up to have in the glovebox and a nice document to hand over to the new car owner. 

What paperwork do I need to sell my car privately?

When preparing to sell your automobile, you should have all the required documents so you can legally transfer ownership. Here's a checklist of what paperwork may be required when selling a car privately.

Automobile title

The title might be the most crucial document needed when selling your car, as it represents the right of ownership. If you misplaced or lost your title, check with your state motor vehicle department to apply for a duplicate. Get your title by selecting which of the following circumstances apply to you:

• You own the car outright: If you don't owe any money on the vehicle, then you already have the title in your possession. After making a deal with the buyer, fill out the title's transfer portion and sign it. Some states require the document to be notarized, so check with your state’s motor vehicle department where you live.
• You have a car loan: If you owe money on the vehicle, then the lien holder possesses the title. Call the bank to notify them of the pending sale and get the payoff amount of the loan. When you pay the balance due, you will receive the title and can sign it over to the buyer.  
• Odometer reading

Federal law requires the seller of an automobile to provide an odometer disclosure to the purchaser at the time of sale. Some states allow you to give the current mileage reading right on the car title, while others require a separate notarized form. Check with your state’s motor vehicle department to determine their requirements.

Bill of sale

While many states don't require a bill of sale, providing one might be a good idea because it documents the transaction between seller and buyer, providing a comprehensive list of the terms and conditions of the sale in writing. Consider adding these items when creating a bill of sale:

• Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
• Vehicle description
• Purchase price
• Delivery date
• Statement of as-is
• Signatures of the buyer and seller

State-specific documents you need when selling a car

What paperwork is required when selling a car privately ? Every state has different guidelines for selling a vehicle, so check with your state’s motor vehicle department to confirm you meet all regulations. Here are some additional items your state might require:

• Emissions certificate: Emissions testing has grown more prevalent throughout the United States, especially in more heavily populated areas. If your car is required to pass safety or emissions testing to stay on the road, then providing documentation to the buyer might be required as well.
• Release of liability: If a buyer drives away in the car you just sold them and gets into an accident or receives a violation ticket, you could be held responsible. Many state websites offer a liability release form that you can submit online or print a copy and fill it out on the day of the sale.
• Notice of transfer: A transfer form tells your state’s motor vehicle department that you are no longer responsible for the car and, once completed, releases you from any liability through the state. Even if the owner fails to turn in the new title or register the vehicle, the state no longer lists you as the owner.
• As-is documents: Most states presume used cars sell "as is," meaning there are no guarantees after the sale. Some states require a separate paper, signed by both parties, detailing the car's condition and an agreed understanding between buyer and seller.

Selling your car to a dealer or trading it in could eliminate many of the required documents when selling to a private party. Taking your vehicle to a  local dealership  for an appraisal could bring a surprising offer. It might be less money than you can get from an individual, but you might decide that eliminating the extra paperwork is worth it. 

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What Paperwork Do I Need to Sell a Car?

By Jane Ulitskaya

The inventory shortage has boosted used-car values, which means selling your car now might bring in more money than you’d expect. Assuming you already have a plan for replacing your vehicle, the extra cash from the sale can go a long way. When preparing to sell in the current landscape, time is of the essence — especially if you have your eye on a new car. Make sure you’re ready to hand over the keys when a good offer presents itself by gathering essential documents like the car’s title and bill of sale.

Related: How to Transfer Ownership When You Sell Your Car

There are also some additional items that aren’t required for selling a car but can increase the vehicle’s value in the eyes of a buyer: a vehicle history report, maintenance records and extended warranty details. Getting all your docs in a row prior to listing the car or heading to the dealership translates to a faster sale (and potentially more cash in your pocket).  

The most important document you’ll need when selling a vehicle is the title; trying to sell a car without one can pose a challenge. The title serves as legal proof of ownership and includes details like the car’s make, model, year and vehicle identification number . Selling a vehicle privately without proof of ownership is illegal in many states, plus you could be held liable for any traffic and toll violations incurred by the new owner. If you’re missing the title, you’ll want to find it or get it replaced prior to the sale.

If you still owe money on the vehicle , the lienholder is likely listed on the title and may physically hold the title until the loan is paid off. If you’re trading in your car, the dealership can handle the details of paying the lender and obtaining the title. Selling privately without a title in hand involves more steps: You’ll need to get the payoff amount from the lender and determine the protocols for the transaction.

Bill of Sale

Some states also require the seller to present a bill of sale to the buyer. A bill of sale typically includes information like the car’s VIN, a detailed description of the car, the date of the sale and the purchase price; it should be signed by both parties when the car is sold. Unlike the title transfer, a bill of sale doesn’t legally transfer vehicle ownership. Instead, it outlines the conditions of the sale and serves as a receipt for the buyer and a waiver of liability for the seller. Even if a bill of sale is not required in your state, it’s smart to complete one. Templates are available to download on most states’ DMV websites.

When selling a vehicle privately, presenting some additional documents can give the buyer more confidence, help the car sell faster and potentially increase its value. These items include a vehicle history report, maintenance records and any transferable warranties.

A vehicle history report uses the car’s VIN to pull information like the number of past owners, total miles and any previous accident or repair history. Sharing the vehicle’s maintenance records with the buyer shows that you were diligent with routine maintenance and repairs, giving them insight into the car’s reliability. Don’t worry if you didn’t save all your maintenance receipts, you can contact your service department and ask them to share the records with you.

Finally, if the vehicle is still under the manufacturer’s warranty , the remaining warranty coverage can be transferred to the new owner, bringing reassurance and added value to the sale. While a factory warranty is tied to a vehicle’s VIN and should automatically transfer to the new owner, transferring a third-party extended warranty involves more steps — and sometimes a fee. Gather your warranty details, including contact information for the warranty company, then inquire about the steps to transfer it when you’re ready to sell the car.

Proof of Sale

After you successfully sell your vehicle, there may be one more document to complete in order to waive all liability: Some states require that you report the vehicle sale to the DMV within a specified number of days. For example, sellers in California have five days to complete a Notice of Transfer and Release of Liability form, which can be found on the DMV’s website; sellers in Illinois should complete a Notice of Sale form as soon as the vehicle sale is final. Make sure to check your state’s DMV for paperwork requirements following the sale.

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• What Does a Car Title Look Like?
• I Want to Sell My Car But I Still Owe Money
• What Affects My Car’s Value?
• How Do I Sell an Older Car?

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Here's all the Paperwork You'll Need to Sell Your Car

Ready to seal the deal but wondering “What paperwork do I need to sell my car?” To sell your car privately, the short answer is that you’ll need your title and registration, at a minimum.

Here's a quick rundown of what you'll likely need:

• Odometer reading
• Maintenance records
• Emissions documentation
• Vehicle history report
• Warranty documents
• As-Is document
• Bill of sale

The fact is that each state has specific requirements when it comes to selling vehicles and the paperwork required to complete a sale. A rundown on the most common documents and paperwork needed for a successful car sale can help ensure that your transaction goes through smoothly and efficiently and you get as close to your asking price as possible.

Here's a more detailed look at the potential documents you'll need:

If you don’t owe anything on your car, then you likely have what is known as a “clear” title. This means the title is unencumbered by liens to third parties. Selling a car with a clear title is fairly straightforward, although the procedure and paperwork necessary to complete the sale and the title transfer vary by state. Usually, you’ll just sign the title in front of a notary, who will stamp the title to signify that you did, in fact, sign it. The protocols for switching ownership of a car between the buyer and the seller are usually quite simple if there are no financial institutions or other lienholders involved.

Things can get complicated if you’ve lost the title and need to get a duplicate title made. Similarly, the sales process can be a bit of a hassle if you still owe on your car. You may or may not have a copy of the title in hand if you’re still paying for the car, although this varies (again) by state. If you’re selling a car that has a lien, you and your buyer will need to work with the finance company or lender (and possibly the bank or finance company the buyer uses) to affect the transfer of the title.

Odometer Reading:

In most states, when you sign the title to the vehicle as a seller, you will need to disclose the vehicle’s odometer reading. There may be an area on the back of the title for the disclosure of the odometer mileage, or you may need to fill out a separate disclosure document—or both.

An odometer disclosure form typically requires the following information:

The vehicle’s description, including the year, make, model, and vehicle identification number (VIN);

The name, address, and signature of the new owner or person buying the car;

The name, address, and signature of the person selling the car;

The current mileage;

The signature and/or seal of the notary public certifying the transaction;

The physical presence of the vehicle’s title.

If you don’t have a clean car title, the easiest way to sell your car is to use it as a trade-in at a dealership when buying a preowned or new car. You’ll simply sign your name on the title and a few documents, and the dealership (who has oodles of experience selling cars) handles the rest. This is especially true if there are liens to be satisfied prior to the transfer of ownership.

Emissions Documentation:

A smog check may be necessary if you live in a state that requires it. For example, the California DMV has strict requirements for emissions that must be met. Check with your local DMV to find out what the requirements are for smog or emissions testing and smog certification prior to selling your car.

Vehicle History Report:

These days, hardly anyone buys a used car without seeing a vehicle history report. When you place your car ad, you will probably add your vehicle identification number to your ad. A VIN allows prospective buyers to look up your vehicle's history. If you're the first owner of your vehicle, that may be all you need. However, if you're not, you may want to take a look at the vehicle history report yourself via a website such as Autocheck or CarFax to prepare for questions that buyers might have and to validate the car’s value.

Maintenance Records:

It's easy to say in your ad that your car has been well-maintained, but it's even better to have actual proof of this. Whether you did your own maintenance or had it done at a dealership or repair shop, any kind of record is valuable to prospective buyers and can help you get the best price for your car. If you performed your vehicle's maintenance yourself, then records of the parts you bought can suffice.

Warranty Documents:

If you happen to have a remaining warranty on your car that is transferable, then you'll want to have this on hand as well. Having this available can also justify a higher price on your vehicle. However, it's essential to have proof of this warranty ready for the potential buyer to see. It's also a good idea to have some contact information so that the buyer can quickly contact the provider and get the warranty in their name.

As-Is Document:

So you can protect yourself and make things clear to prospective car buyers, have something in writing indicating that your car will be sold as-is. That means that you're not offering any warranties or buyback on the vehicle. By signing it, the buyer agrees that they are accepting all responsibility for the vehicle's condition and future repairs. After you receive payment, and the vehicle changes hands, then the matter is legally done.

Bill of Sale:

A bill of sale isn't generally an absolute requirement, but it's a good idea to have for the release of liability. This document lists the comprehensive terms of the sale. You can add the vehicle description, the odometer reading, the price, delivery date, statement of as-is condition, and the signatures of the buyer and seller. You can also get it notarized if you wish, and if you do, you'll need to prove your identity, so take your driver's license along. If there's any dispute after the sale, the signed-around bill of sale can protect you from any liability.

The Bottom Line:

As you can see, when it comes to the query “What paperwork do I need to sell my car,” the answer is a little convoluted and depends on where you live and whether you’re selling your car to a private party or trading it in at a dealership. The very least you’ll need is a clear certificate of title for the car. However, you may need to present the vehicle’s registration documents, provide the seller and the DMV with a sworn statement regarding the car’s odometer reading, and create a Bill of Sale that includes information such as the vehicle’s sales price, date of delivery, mileage, and a description of the car. What’s more, if the vehicle is under warranty, you need to present the buyer with documentation regarding the warranty.

Be certain that you’re prepared with the appropriate paperwork to sell your car in your state by visiting your state’s official Department of Motor Vehicles or DMV website. These handy links will get you where you’re going and provide you with additional state-specific details for selling your car.

Connecticut

Massachusetts

Mississippi

New Hampshire

North Carolina

North Dakota

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

South Dakota

West Virginia

District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)

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Documents You Need When Buying or Selling a Used Car

Title Transfers for Used Vehicles

There's more to buying or selling used vehicles than shaking hands and accepting (or writing) checks. There's a protocol to follow, requiring you submit specific forms to the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). These forms are then processed and filed to legally complete the title transfer.

Bill of Sale, Car Title, and Other Required Documents

The car title takes top honors as the most important document in a title transfer . This serves as the official contract between buyer and seller.

If you're selling a used car and cannot find the title, apply for a duplicate title with your DMV. Ideally, you should do this before advertising the vehicle. Processing times for duplicate titles vary by state and situation, sometimes taking weeks, which can put you at risk of losing the car's buyer while waiting for the replacement title.

Your state's policies determine how to complete the car title. Generally, the title requires:

• The signatures of both buyer and seller.
• The date of sale.
• An odometer reading . Many states, including California and New Jersey, only require this for used vehicles younger than 10 years old. Most titles include a designated area for recording the car's mileage.
• Notarization. Only a few states - Ohio and Pennsylvania, for example - require titles to be notarized.
• Sales price. Some states, in lieu of a bill of sale , require the vehicle's sales price to be recorded on the car title.

Contact your DMV if in doubt on how to complete the car title.

Bill of Sale

Even if your state does not mandate a bill of sale , it's always wise to complete one for your own records. You can get bill of sale forms online or from DMV offices. When completing, include:

• The sales price.
• The Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).
• The used car's year, make and model.
• The purchase price and date of sale.
• The name, address and signatures of the buyer and seller.
• "Sold as is," if you're the seller (unless you and the buyer have agreed to some other condition).

NOTE: Some states, such as Oregon, require the seller to submit a Notice of Sale form, which is different than a typical bill of sale .

Vehicle History Report

Though not required, a vehicle history report comes with heavy recommendation. This applies to both buyer and seller.

From a seller's perspective, a vehicle history report helps set a fair market price and builds immediate trust when shown to prospective buyers. From a buyers standpoint, a vehicle history report helps the decision process, making it easy to discern if the vehicle warrants the asking price.

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Vehicle sale receipt & more: The documents you need to sell your car

Roadworthy certificate notice of disposal paperwork to document the history of your car is vital to selling it.

There are plenty of ways you can shoot yourself in the foot when you sell a car , and misplacing paperwork is definitely one.

If you can’t find the car’s registration certificate, for example, you won’t be able to photocopy it and hand the copy to the prospective buyer to prove that you are the registered owner.

So, let’s take a look at all the documents you need to assemble when selling your car .

Note: While we have based this article on the requirements of those selling a car in Victoria, in the main the principles apply across the nation.

Registration and proof of ownership

The registration certificate is your documentary proof that you own the vehicle that you’re selling.

Victorian registration authority VicRoads recommends that you photocopy the car’s latest registration certificate . Photocopy a few, if you anticipate losing a copy or being besieged by cashed-up enthusiasts all demanding to buy your car.

VicRoads also recommends you provide proof that you are who you say you are – the owner of the vehicle.

At the very least you will need to flash your driver’s licence or some other form of photo ID (passport, for example) with your name matching the name on the registration certificate.

Naturally, if someone is selling the car on your behalf (a friend or family member), they will need to have copies of your licence too.

Transfer of ownership form

In the 21st century, vehicle ownership is transferred online, but there are still reasons why you may require or prefer a hard-copy notice of disposal.

These forms can be picked up from the local office of the state registration authority or downloaded from the registration authority’s public domain website.

As the seller, it’s incumbent on you to ensure that the registration authority is immediately aware that you are no longer the owner of the vehicle.

You will need to obtain the new owner’s contact details and residential address, not a post office box number, to fill in the notice of disposal (or complete the transaction details online). So make sure you see the buyer’s driving licence – and check it’s valid.

With this information to hand, you can inform the registration authority the very same day that the car is handed over to the new owner.

If you don’t do this, you could find yourself fighting the loss of demerit points for someone else blitzing past speed cameras up to 14 days after the vehicle ceased to be yours.

Worse still, you’ll be expected to pay the fines…

Issue a receipt

If a buyer is paying you more than $75 for your car, you are required by law to furnish a receipt to prove that the buyer has handed you the agreed money to purchase the car from you.

Less than $10 will buy you a ‘no-carbon-required’ cash receipt book from one of the big stationery stores. Alternatively, Victorians can download and print out a receipt template from VicRoads . Other states and territories road authorities most likely offer a similar product.

In a worst-case scenario, you can write a receipt by hand on any old slip of paper, provided it incorporates the following details: the buyer’s name, your name, the date of the transaction, the selling price and the vehicle’s details.

The vehicle’s details should comprise make, model, colour, registration (if it is registered) and VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) .

Hand-written receipts come in many forms, for example one could look something like this:

You may want to take a photocopy (or phone image) of the receipt for your own records. The registration authorities do not specifically demand you or the buyer provide a copy of the receipt, but the buyer is reasonably entitled to expect a receipt, especially if the payment is in cash.

Roadworthy certificate

If you’ve gone to the trouble and expense of arranging a roadworthy certificate (RWC) – in states like Victoria where cars don’t have to pass an annual inspection – you’ll want to be sure you can lay hands on it when the time comes for the buyer to drive off in the car.

Keep the RWC somewhere safe and dry – and well away from the family mutt – but most importantly, somewhere you’ll remember to look when you need it.

Owner’s manual, servicing logbook and supplements

The dark recesses of the glove box should be home to your car’s owner’s manual, the service schedule (the ‘logbook’) and any supplements – for such things as premium audio systems or other accessories/dealer-fit options, roadside assistance information and local-market specifications.

Most of the supplements are of dubious value where the sale of the car is concerned, but the service record and the owner’s manual are quite important. So much so, they’re occasionally snapped up by thieves if the car is left unlocked and vulnerable.

If your owner’s manual and service record should happen to go ‘walkies’, it can be replaced with a new one, purchased through the spare parts department of your local dealer.

The dealership can usually reproduce the servicing details too, if the vehicle has been serviced there.

Recalls documentation

Has your car been recalled? Any paperwork you can supply to prove that the dealer has replaced any parts subject to a safety recall campaign will put the buyer at ease with buying your car.

Takata airbags have been in the news a lot in recent years, so if you own Japanese cars in particular, there’s a roughly even chance that the buyer will ask whether the car you’re selling was one of the vehicles affected.

Naturally, of course, cars are often recalled for other safety issues too, so it’s good to make sure all the safety issues outstanding are resolved by the dealer before you list the car for sale.

And do keep documentary evidence close by when it comes time to sell the car.

Extra receipts for labour and parts

If a key selling feature of your car is the added care and attention it has received over the course of its life, the best evidence of that is a pile of receipts for work done and parts fitted.

Examples might be the larger alloy wheels and low-profile tyres you purchased, replacing the cheap-brand tyres and steel wheels that were fitted when the car rolled out the factory door.

Even if the paperwork came with the worthless aftermarket interior fabric/leather treatments and duco protection that the dealer sold you when you purchased the car , you might as well keep those documents in the glove box too. Because the wide-eyed buyer might be just as impressed as you were when you signed up for those items.

If it should happen that some part or accessory doesn’t live up to expectations – an aftermarket alarm system goes on the blink, or a sunroof starts leaking in winter – the new owner will be pleased to have the receipts so he or she can pursue the retailer, installer and/or wholesaler that supplied the unit for reasonable reparations in accordance with Australian Consumer Law… If it should come to that.

So packing the glove box full of receipts doesn’t necessarily help you sell the car – but it possibly tells the buyer that you’ve cared for your car and there will be a contingency open to the new owner if something goes wrong.

carsales FACTS+ and PPSR

It’s not essential that you arrange a vehicle history report for the buyer, but it signals to him or her that you are confident the car will scrub up neatly in such a report.

You can arrange a FACTS+ report through carsales for just $34, and that includes a Personal Property Securities Register (PPSR) report, which can be downloaded as a PDF file.

This will convey to the buyer that the car hasn’t been written off, is unencumbered by finance, and the odometer reading is consistent with the car’s documented history.

Documents to assemble for selling your car • Current registration certificate (photocopies) • Roadworthy certificate • Transfer of ownership form – if not transferring online • Receipt for payment • Owner’s manual and supplements • Scheduled service logbook • Receipts for labour and parts • carsales FACTS+ and PPSR report

Related: How to deal with buyers Related: Will keeping your car clean mean better resale? Related: What is my used car worth? Related: Do I sell my car after the warranty ends? Related: How to write an ad for my car Related: How do I sell my car for the best price? Related: When should you trade in your car? Related: How do you get the most out of trading in your car?

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Sell a vehicle (transfer licence)

You must advise the Department within 7 days of selling a licensed vehicle. Failure to do so may result in a penalty.

Please choose step from following:

  information for the seller.

You have the choice of transferring your vehicle online through DoTDirect or by submitting a form in person or via post.

You must transfer your licensed vehicle within seven days of selling. Penalties may apply if you fail to do so.

If you submit your transfer via DoTDirect, a transfer form is not required by the Department. You may wish to keep proof of sale documents for your own records.

The seller and buyer do not have to complete the transfer in the same way. For example, the seller could transfer it online and the buyer could submit the transfer form.

Statutory declaration: Deceased estates (Form MR172) is the only form required if the vehicle being transferred is part of an Estate.

Sale of vehicle to an interstate purchaser

A WA licensed vehicle cannot be transferred to a person who is not a WA resident. If you want to sell a WA licensed vehicle interstate, you will need to either:

• De-license the vehicle by returning the plates to DoT prior to the sale to an interstate buyer.
• Re-license the vehicle in the new state or territory before selling the vehicle to an interstate buyer.

To claim a refund of any remaining part of the WA licence you will need to de-license the vehicle by returning the plates to the Department. This must be done before sale to an interstate buyer.

An interstate buyer of a WA licensed vehicle cannot claim a refund of the remaining part of a WA vehicle licence.

Once a vehicle is re-licensed in another state or territory, the WA licence is cancelled. No refund is payable to either the WA owner or the interstate buyer. Only the WA owner is entitled to a refund, provided the WA plates are returned to DoT prior to the sale.

  Selling a vehicle - Transfer options

As the buyer or seller you have the choice of transferring the vehicle online using DoTDirect or by submitting a form.

Option A: Transfer a vehicle via your online account

Customers with DoTDirect online accounts can conveniently transfer vehicles online. You can even do it on your mobile phone.

• To transfer a vehicle, log into your DoTDirect Online Account and follow the prompts.

Online vehicle transfers are available to individuals and all the information you need to transfer a vehicle out of your name is the buyer's driver's licence number and surname.

Some vehicles cannot be transferred online. These include vehicles that are:

• Being transferred between spouses or de facto partners.
• Heavy vehicles.
• Issued with optional plates.
• Part of a court order or deceased estate.
• To be jointly owned.
• Transferring to or from a company/organisation.
• Where the seller, purchaser or vehicle cannot be matched to our records.

Make sure you give the vehicle licence document (rego papers) and any other applicable documentation to the purchaser of the vehicle. If you have a DoTDirect account you can purchase a copy of the vehicle licence document online if required. You will first be prompted to login to your account, if you don't have one use the prompts to set up your account.

Option B: Transfer a vehicle via a form

If your vehicle  cannot  be transferred online, it can be transferred by submitting a Notification of Change of Ownership Vehicle Licence Transfer (MR9) form. Please complete Steps 1 to 4 below.

Note: For transferring a vehicle from an Estate, completion of form MR172 (Statutory Declaration: Deceased Estates) will be required. Please refer to our section on  Transferring by court order or deceased estates  for more information.

  Step 1: Obtain a copy of the vehicle licence transfer form

The Notification of change of ownership (Form MR9) form can be downloaded below or you can collect one from a Driver and Vehicle Services Centre or regional Agent .

  Step 2: Complete the Notification of change of ownership vehicle licence transfer (MR9) form

Both the seller and the buyer need to complete the MR9 transfer form together at the time of sale. Ensure that you complete all the information required on the form, including the declaration at the foot of the MR9 transfer form.

A downloaded copy of the vehicle transfer form is not carbonated. The seller�s copy and the buyer�s copy must be completed and signed by both.

From 1 July 2008, the section of the Stamp Act 1921 dealing with vehicle licence duty was replaced by the Duties Act 2008 . Some commonly used terms have also changed:

• Market value (for vehicles) is now known as dutiable value.
• Stamp duty (for vehicles) is now known as vehicle licence duty.

The definition of dutiable value for a new vehicle may now mean,

• the retail selling price published in an advertisement; or,
• in a temporary pricing bulletin provided the manufacturer, importer or principal distributor is fixing the price for a specific promotional period.

For all other vehicles, dutiable value is the amount for which the vehicle might reasonably be sold, free of encumbrances on the open market.

  Step 3: Give the buyer the 'Purchaser's copy' (red) and other documents

You will need to forward the Seller's copy (blue) to the Department of Transport and give the Purchaser's copy (red) to the buyer.

Give the vehicle licence document (rego papers) and any other applicable documentation to the buyer of the vehicle.

If you have a DoTDirect account you can buy a copy of the vehicle licence document online if required. You will first need to login to your account, if you don't have one use the prompts to set up your account.

The buyer needs to complete the transfer of the vehicle and to ensure a Government approved immobiliser is fitted (if required). As a courtesy, please supply any information about the immobiliser to the buyer.

If the vehicle being sold is subject to a concession, you should tell the buyer of the concession.

It is recommended that you tell the buyer if the vehicle is subject to a concession rate as the buyer will need to restore the vehicle licence to full rates prior to the vehicle being driven on the road.

Until the vehicle licence has been restored to full rates, the vehicle licence will be deemed invalid, and the new vehicle owner will not be authorised to drive the vehicle. The continued use of the vehicle will be in contravention of the Road Traffic (Vehicles) Act 2012 (WA).

  Step 4: Mail the 'Seller's copy' to DOT

  forms and documents used on this page: sell a vehicle.

• Car News & Advice
• Selling a Car

What paperwork do you need to sell your car privately?

Whether it's time to trade up or sell your pride and joy on, you will need a few documents before you can send your old wheels down the road.

Time to sell your beloved wheels for something a little more grown-up? Or merely making space in the garage? For whatever reason you’re selling, be sure to have the following paperwork on hand, if you’re selling privately.

If you're unsure how to value your car, you can use our handy value my car tool.

Identification

Have a copy of your ID or driver’s license ready to give to the buyer, and make sure to ask for the buyer’s ID as well - if he has a copy, even better. If not, take a pic of his ID/license/passport with your smartphone.

Proof of ownership certificate

You will only have this if the car is fully paid up. This is usually accompanied by a letter from the bank that states that the car is truly yours. If you find yourself without these documents, contact the relevant financial institution to obtain them. To learn more about the ownership certificate click here.

A settlement letter

This is only needed if you still owe money for the car. The settlement letter will state exactly what the outstanding amount is, so the buyer can see for himself.

Notification of Change of Ownership

Unless you want to be held responsible for the new car-owner’s traffic fines, you need to fill out a Notification of Change of Ownership (NCO) form (see above), available to download online or to be picked up at any traffic department. Both the seller and the buyer need to have their signatures on this form, and the buyer will need his own copy. The Department of Transport is to receive a copy of the NCO form as well, for the transfer to the buyer’s name. 

Vehicle Registration Certificate

In order for the new owner to register the car, he/she will need your original Vehicle Registration Certificate. You should also hang on to a copy of it for the de-registration of the car you are selling, and one more to keep on file, just in case.

Proof of sale

Once the deal is sealed, write a receipt acknowledging the date, the amount paid, the make and model of the car, the car’s registration, VIN number, and the names and contact details/addresses of the buyer and seller. Make two copies so you and the buyer both have one. This serves as a proof of sale; for your own protection and the buyer’s. It is not a legal requirement, but it’s important, should something fishy arise.

RWC (Roadworthy Certificate)

The buyer will need a current RWC within 21 days of the sale, for registration purposes. If your RWC has expired, you can obtain an updated one for the buyer. Take the car to the testing station along with your ID, vehicle registration and completed Application for Roadworthiness Certification.

Service history and receipts

This is extremely valuable. Some people won’t buy used cars without a full-service history. Hand over all receipts as well as any documentation relating to the car’s warranty, if it still has one.

Do you want to sell your car instantly?

AutoTrader now makes it easier than ever to sell your car, with the introduction of our new  Instant Offer service . After following this simple 3-step process, you will get a market-driven valuation for your car within minutes, and a solid cash offering within hours – safely, conveniently, and with total peace of mind.

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• 1.1 Central Moscow districts
• 1.2 Outlying districts
• 2.1 Geography
• 2.2 Climate
• 3.1 By plane
• 3.2.1 From Saint Petersburg
• 3.2.2 From Europe
• 3.2.3 From Eastern Russia and Asia
• 3.2.4 Train stations in Moscow
• 3.3.1 From Europe
• 3.5 By boat
• 3.6 By bicycle
• 4.1.1 By metro
• 4.1.2 By Central Circle train
• 4.1.3 By bus
• 4.1.4 By tram
• 4.1.5 By commuter rail
• 4.1.6 By monorail
• 4.2.1 Fares
• 4.2.2 Taxi operators
• 4.4 By ship
• 4.5 By bicycle
• 4.6 By hop-on-hop-off bus
• 6.2 Circuses
• 6.3 Theatres
• 6.4 Ice skating
• 7.1 State Universities
• 9.1 Shopping malls
• 10.1 Tipping
• 10.2 Ethnic food
• 10.3.1 Street food
• 10.3.2 Fast food chains
• 10.3.3 Canteen-style cafeterias
• 10.3.4 Foodcourts 2.0
• 10.4 Mid-range
• 10.5 Splurge
• 13 Stay safe
• 14.1 Wireless Internet
• 15.1 Embassies

Since its founding in 1147, Moscow [dead link] ( Russian : Москва, Moskva ) has been at the crossroads of history as the capital of empires and a frequent target for invaders. As the capital of the Russian Empire , the Soviet Union , and, today, the Russian Federation, it has played a central role in the development of the largest country in the world. For many, the sight of the Kremlin complex in the centre of the city is still loaded with symbolism and history.

Today, Moscow is a thriving, exuberant capital city that overflows with life, culture and sometimes traffic. A sprawling metropolis, and among the largest cities on the European continent, Moscow is home to numerous museums, Soviet-era monoliths and post-Soviet kitsch, but continues to pave the way forward as Muscovites move into the 21st century.

Districts [ edit ]

Central Moscow districts [ edit ]

Outlying districts [ edit ], understand [ edit ].

Moscow is the financial and political centre of Russia and the countries formerly comprising the Soviet Union. It has a population of around 13 million and an area of 2,511 square kilometres (970 sq mi) after an expansion in 2012. One-tenth of all Russian citizens live in the Moscow metropolitan area. Moscow is the second most populous city in Europe, after Istanbul . Moscow is in the UTC+3 time zone; there is no daylight saving time.

Many years since the break up of the Soviet Union, the economy has improved, and the modern era has brought upon a wide variety of construction projects, modern architecture and newer transport systems replacing the derelict ones during Soviet times.

Geography [ edit ]

Moscow is a large metropolis on the Moskva River, which bends its way through the city. The historical center is on the northern bank of the river. The other major waterway is the Yauza River, which flows into the Moskva east of the Kremlin.

Much of Moscow's geography is defined by the 3 'Ring Roads' that circle the city at various distances from the centre, roughly following the outline of the walls that used to surround Moscow. With Red Square and the Kremlin forming the very centre, the innermost ring road is the Boulevard Ring ( Bulvarnoye Koltso ), built in the 1820s where the 16th century walls used to be. It runs from the Christ the Savior Cathedral in south-west central Moscow, to the mouth of the Yauza in south-east central Moscow.

The next ring road, the Garden Ring ( Sadovoe Koltso ), derives its name from the fact that landowners near the road in Tsarist times were obligated to maintain gardens to make the road attractive. In Soviet times, the road was widened, and there are now no gardens there.

The Third Ring Road, completed in 2004, is not much use for tourists but is a heavily used motorway which absorbs a bit of Moscow's traffic. It roughly follows the outline of Kamer-Kollezhsky val , the customs boundary of Moscow in the 18th – early 20th century. The outer edge of Moscow is largely defined by the Moscow Ring Road (widely known by its abbreviation: MKAD-Moskovskaya kolcevaya avto doroga), a motorway which is 108 km (67 mi) long and encircles the entire city (similar to London's M25 and Paris' Périphérique ).

Climate [ edit ]

The climate of Moscow features warm summers and long, cold winters.

Get in [ edit ]

See Russia#Get in for visa requirements to Russia.

By plane [ edit ]

Moscow ( MOW  IATA for all airports) has four commercial passenger airports. The ones foreign visitors are most likely to arrive in are Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo.

To travel between the airport and the city:

• Aeroexpress is the only rail link to the airport. Trains operate between the airport and the Belorussky Railway Terminal [dead link] in the northwest section of the city centre. It also makes some additional stops, namely at Okruznaya, Savelovsky train station and Begovaya, where you can take the metro too. Trains stop every 30 or 60 minutes from 05:00 to 00:30. The journey takes 50 minutes and costs 500 руб one-way if you buy your ticket at the airport or 450 руб if you buy your ticket online or via mobile app in advance. The ticket for a couple costs 850 руб , for a group up to 4 people - 950 руб . Keep your paper or mobile ticket for the entire Aeroexpress journey. From the Belorussky Railway Terminal, the journey to the city center takes an additional 20 minutes by metro.
• Bus #851 ( 57 руб for a 90-minute transfer ticket purchased from the driver) and Bus #949 ( 80 руб ) operate service between the terminals and the Rechnoy Vokzal Metro Station of Metro Line 2 (dark green). If taking a cheaper regular bus #851 or #817 (see below), the driver hands you a red card, which you then have to validate at the scanner, or you can purchase a ticket or Troika transport card at the ticket machine right at the bus stop in front of Terminal D arrival hall's exit. The majority of drivers don't speak any English, so don't depend on them for assistance. Once you get off the bus, continue by foot a few steps in the direction the bus was going in, and you'll see the metro station on your right in the first opening between the buildings. When returning to the airport, after leaving the Rechnoy Vokzal metro station, cross the street, go around the fence on the other side of the street and look for the bus under the orange-colored shopping center.
• Bus #817 ( 57 руб for a 90-minute transfer ticket purchased from the driver) or Bus #948 ( 80 руб ) operate service between the terminals and the Planernaya metro station, at the northwest terminus of Metro Line 7 (purple). The journey by bus to the metro stations takes approximately 40 minutes and the journey to the city centre by metro takes an additional 40 minutes. Buses operate from approximately 05:30 to 00:45.
• Bus #1185 ( 200 руб operated by Aeroexpress, connects terminals B and C with Khovrino metro station. Every 15 min between 7:45 and 21:15, the journey lasts 20 min. Tickets can be bought online and in the bus.
• Night Bus H1 operates every 30 minutes between 00:30 and 05:30. The bus operates between the airport, city center (including Kitay-Gorod Transport Hub, where you can change to other night routes), and Yugo-Zapadnaya metro station. Route plan can be found here [dead link] .
• Uber, which works in Russia in the partnership with the popular local service Yandex.Taxi , operates service to the city centre for a fixed base rate, before surge pricing, of 850-1000 руб for UberX class, depending on distance. Transfers to the other Moscow airports cost a fixed rate, before surge pricing, of 1500 руб .
• Fixed Price Official Taxis are available, with the price based on the destination neighborhood. A fixed price official taxi costs 1800 руб to the city centre. Note that there is a toll of 100 руб for taking the highway to/from Sheremetyevo Airport.
• Driving past the toll bar should be avoided whenever possible as there are fees to do so. In addition to entry charge of 100 руб /hour (rounded up to the next hour), after entering the toll bar, there is an extra charge from 100 руб /hour to 300 руб /hour, depending on the distance from the entrance and the comfort of parking—with an unofficial option of an unlimited-time stay for 300 руб . However, there are unofficial parking lots near the airport, with daily rates starting at 200 руб .
• Aeroexpress trains operate between the airport and the Paveletsky Railway Terminal [dead link] in the southeast section of the city centre. Trains depart every 30 minutes from 06:00 to 00:30. The journey takes 50 minutes and costs 500 руб one-way if you buy your ticket at the airport or 450 руб if you buy your ticket online or via mobile app in advance. The ticket for a couple costs 850 руб , for a group up to 4 people 950 руб . Keep your paper or mobile ticket for the entire Aeroexpress journey. From the Paveletsky Railway Terminal, the journey to the city center takes an additional 20 minutes by metro.
• Commuter trains are a cheaper method of traveling between the airport and the Paveletsky Railway Terminal [dead link] . The journey by commuter train takes 75 minutes and costs 120 руб .
• Bus #308 operate around-the-clock between the airport and the Domodedovskaya Metro Station near the southeastern end of Metro Line 2 (dark green). There is plenty of space on the buses for luggage. The buses operate every 15 minutes, but every 40 minutes between 00:00 and 06:00. The trip takes 30 minutes and costs 120 руб . From the Domodedovskaya Metro Station, the journey to the center takes another 40 minutes by metro. When headed towards the airport, at Domodedovskaya Metro station, take the exit to the south (downtown side) turn right in the underpass, and follow it to the end, then take the stairs. There are crude stencilled signs of Bus 308 on the pillars to guide you. When you get to street level you will see a tall building across the street with blue words reading "Орехово-Борисово Северное". The bus stop is next to this building.
• Fixed Price Official Taxis are available, with the price based on the destination neighborhood. A fixed price official taxi costs 1650 руб to the city centre.
• Aeroexpress trains operate between the airport and the Kievsky Railway Terminal [dead link] in the southwest section of the city centre. Trains depart every 30 or 60 minutes from 06:00 to 00:00. The journey takes 40 minutes and costs 500 руб one-way if you buy your ticket at the airport or 450 руб if you buy your ticket online or via mobile app in advance. The ticket for a couple costs 850 руб , for a group up to 4 people 950 руб . Keep your paper or mobile ticket for the entire Aeroexpress journey. From the Kievsky Railway Terminal, the journey to the city center takes an additional 20 minutes by metro.
• Buses #911 and #611 [dead link] operates between the airport and the Yugo-Zapadnaya and Troparyovo Metro Stations, at the southwestern end of Metro Line 1 (Red). The bus journey takes 35-40 minutes and costs 36 руб if using Troyka transport card or 55 руб if paid to the driver. From the metro stations, the journey to the city center takes an additional 40 minutes.
• Bus #32 [dead link] operates between the airport terminal and the Novopederelkino Metro Station, at the southwestern end of Metro Line 8A (Yellow). Working hours are from 05:15 to 01:20 with ~15 minutes interval. The bus journey takes 25-40 minutes and costs 57 руб paid by cash to the driver. From the metro stations, the journey to the city center takes an additional 40-45 minutes.
• Uber , which works in Russia in the partnership with the popular local service Yandex.Taxi , operates service to the city centre for a fixed base rate, before surge pricing, of 850-1000 руб for UberX class, depending on distance. Transfers to the other Moscow airports cost a fixed rate, before surge pricing, of 1500 руб .
• Taxis are best booked either by using a mobile app or over the phone using reputable companies such as LingoTaxi , Ru-De-En-Taxi [dead link] , RuskoTaxi [dead link] . Negotiate the price in advance; many taxis charge approximately 1800 руб to the city centre.
• Bus #441э ( 82 руб ) operates between airport and Kotelniki metro station. The bus journey can take from 30 to 60 minutes, dependent on traffic jams.
• Yandex.Taxi, Gett, Citimobil and other taxi services.
• Bus+Train service, more information can be found on airport's official website

By train [ edit ]

Moscow is a railway hub, with connections to all parts of Russia and far into Europe and Asia. Due to its hub status, Moscow's train stations are often crowded; trains are the usual form of intercity transport for most Russians. The stations have a reputation for being unsafe but paradoxically the threat of terrorism has improved things: security gates, policing and surveillance deter the casual thugs and villains. Guard your valuables and yourself as you would in any big city.

All long-distance trains are operated by Russian Railways and its subsidiaries, except for a few international trains with other operators. Tickets can be bought at stations or online . For domestic trains, you can show the ticket officer your online boarding pass; however, international trains require a printed ticket. There are usually ticket counters with English-speaking personnel - they may be marked as such, or the clerk may direct you to another counter if they can't cope with your English. See Russia#By train 2 for more details on travelling in Russia by train.

From Saint Petersburg [ edit ]

Saint Petersburg can be reached in 4 hours via the high-speed Sapsan trains. There are seven departures daily each way, at 06:45, 07:00, 13:30, 13:45, 15:00, 19:25, and 19:45, with some trains stopping at Tver , Vyshniy Volochek, Bologoye, and Okulovka. Fares vary and are cheaper if bought well in advance but usually are in the range of 3000-6000 руб .

There are also 13 overnight trains that travel between Moscow and Saint Petersburg and overnight trains are generally cheaper than the Sapsan. The most famous is the luxurious Red Arrow (Красная стрела), a train painted in bright red that departs Saint Petersburg daily at 23:55 while the song Hymn to the Great City plays on its loudspeakers.

From Europe [ edit ]

All trains from Europe halted since 2020

From Eastern Russia and Asia [ edit ]

Tickets for the Trans-Siberian Railway sell out and it is best to buy tickets well in advance. Tickets are sold by the operator as well as via agencies and resellers.

The main line of the Trans-Siberian Railway runs between Moscow and Vladivostok , the biggest Russian city on the Pacific Coast. The Rossiya train leaves Moscow every other day at 13:20, while the slower but cheaper trains #44 or #100 leave every day around midnight. Major stops include Yekaterinburg (24-31 hours; 2000-9000 руб ), Omsk (35-48 hours), Novosibirsk (46-54 hours), Krasnoyarsk (54-66 hours), Irkutsk (68-81 hours; 4700-23000 руб ), Ulan Ude (75-89 hours), and Vladivostok (7 days; 10000-34000 руб ).

The other routes of the Trans-Siberian Railway, between Moscow and China, are more popular among tourists. There are two weekly trains to/from Beijing (US$500-1,200), the Trans-Mongolian (Train #4) via Ulaanbaatar and the Trans-Manchurian (Vostok/Train #20) via Manchuria . Both journeys take six nights but the ride via Mongolia offers more scenery.

Train stations in Moscow [ edit ]

Moscow has 9 train stations, all of which are near metro stations close to the center of Moscow. Be sure to note the station from which your train is departing, which will be indicated on the ticket, or online . Three stations ( Leningradsky , Yaroslavsky , and Kazansky ) are on one huge square, informally known as the "Three Stations' Square". A running joke among Moscow taxi drivers since the Soviet times is to be able to pick up a fare from one of them to the other, taking the unwary tourist on an elaborate ride in circles. Be prepared for enormous queues trying to enter or exit the Metro at peak times, as people are getting off or on the commuter trains.

By car [ edit ]

Many entry points to Moscow over the Ring Road and into the city feature rotating roadblocks, where teams of traffic police may stop a vehicle, especially if it is not featuring Moscow plates. You may be stopped and questioned but you'll be allowed to proceed if you have all the proper documents.

Foreign cars, especially expensive cars, might attract unwelcome attention, and there is cumbersome paperwork involved to enter Russia by car.

By bus [ edit ]

It is generally easier to travel to/from Europe or other parts of Russia via plane or train so most visitors to Moscow will not use the intercity buses.

Lux Express operates coach service between Moscow and various cities in Europe . Buses arrive to and depart from the Severnye Vorota Bus Station next to the Khovrino Metro Station on Metro Line 2 (green) in the northern section of Moscow. Destinations include Tartu (14 hours, €49), Riga (15 hours, €55), Tallinn (16.5 hours, €55), Vilnius (18 hours, €66-73), Warsaw (26 hours, €80-92), Minsk (34 hours, €78), Budapest (36 hours, €95-112), Prague (36 hours, €97), and Berlin (40 hours, €97-109).

Many domestic intercity buses stop at the Moscow Intercity Bus Terminal , next to the Shchelkovskaya Metro Station at the eastern terminus of Metro Line 3 (dark blue). Buses to the popular tourist destination of Suzdal operate from this station.

There are also several small bus stops and stations with buses to/from small towns that are not commonly visited by tourists.

• 55.61263 37.74709 6 Intercity buses Krasnogvardeiskaya ( Krasnogvardeiskaya Metro station ). Southern way.  
• 55.82806 37.44009 7 Regional buses , Proezd Stratonavtov (пр. Стратонавтов), 9 ( Tushinskaya Metro station ), ☏ +7 495 491-8215 . To west/northwest direction within the Moscow region, Volokolamsk, Zvenigorod , Ruza. ( updated Jun 2019 )

By boat [ edit ]

There is no scheduled passenger service to Moscow by boat; however, cruise ships do provide service to the Northern River Terminal, on the Moscow Canal near the Khimki Reservoir. The pier is not convenient to the city and it can take over 2 hours to reach the city centre by car.

A system of navigable channels and locks connects the Moskva River with the Volga River, which is further connected to the Baltic Sea , White Sea, the Azov, the Black Sea, and the Caspian Sea. In the Soviet times this allowed the official propaganda to refer to Moscow as "a port on the five seas".

By bicycle [ edit ]

Moscow is the easternmost destination of the EuroVelo cycling routes . Eurovelo Route 2 , the Capitals Route, is a 5,500 km (3,400 mi) route starting in Galway , Ireland , passing through Dublin , London , Berlin , Warsaw and Minsk before terminating in Moscow.

Get around [ edit ]

By public transport [ edit ].

While central Moscow is best explored on foot, it's easiest to use the metro to cover larger distances. The metro is comprehensive, boasts some great architecture, and is relatively cheap. City buses, trolleybuses, trams and metro operated under "Moskovskii transport" franchise by different operators but common fare system.

The simplest way to pay for public transportation is to purchase a ticket for 1 or 3 days in a ticket machine in any metro station. A 3-day ticket costs 438 руб . The ticket machines have an English interface and accept credit cards and cash, and the ticket is valid for unlimited rides on the metro, MCC, tram, trolleybus, and city bus. All Mosgortrans-operated lines and legal suburban bus operators accept contactless bank cards.

The cheapest way to use the public transportation system is to purchase a plastic Troika [dead link] re-loadable smart-card. The card costs 50 руб and can be redeemed for cash at the end of your trip. You can "top up" your balance at any metro station. For each trip taken, 40 руб will be deducted from your card. If you make a change from the metro to a ground transport or other way around within the next 90 minutes of your trip, the next shoulder will cost you only 22 руб . The Troika card also can be used in the format of the app for NFC-compartible smartphones. If you pay with a contactless card or via Apple/SamsungPay, 44 руб will be charged from your card account. Alternatively, red single-trip paper cards can be purchased at metro stations at a cost of 57 руб , other options include either 2 or 60 trips.

Also there is unlimited tickets for 1, 3, 30, 90 or 365 days which is very useful, if you plan to use public transport a lot.

By metro [ edit ]

The Metro is open from 05:30-01:00. Station entrances are closed at 01:00, and at this time the last trains depart from all of the termini stations. After 01:00, many locals will enter the train station using the exits, which are still open. Service on the ring line runs until 01:30, although entrances are closed at 01:00. The down escalators are also shut off at 01:00.

There is signage in the Metro stations in English and the Latin alphabet, but these signs are not everywhere. Each train carriage has a map in Latin script and there is one near the entrance to each station. Note the direction of the train before you alight. It is worth printing a map of the metro system in both Cyrillic and Latin letters to take with you.

All trains in the system have free WiFi onboard, but you will need to have a Russian phone number to get the authorization code to access the WiFi. Some of the older train cars are not climate controlled.

2 or 3 stations may be connected as transfer points but will each have a different name. There are 2 stations called Smolenskaya and 2 stations called Arbatskaya , but the station pairs are not connected to each other despite having the same name. Some of the stations are very deep underground, and transfer times between certain metro lines can take a lot of time. In the city centre, it can save time to go directly to the above-ground entrance of the line you want to take rather than to enter at a connecting station and transfer underground. On the escalators, stand on the right and walk on the left except for peak hours, when standing on the left side is also allowed.

Some of the train stations include beautiful architecture and it is worth taking a guided tour of the metro system. The most interesting stations in terms of decor are Komsomolskaya (ring line), Novoslobodskaya (ring line), Kievskaya (ring line), Kropotkinskaya (Line #1 - red), Kievskaya (Line #3 - dark blue), Arbatskaya (Line #3 - dark blue), Ploschad' Revolyutsii (Line #3 - dark blue), Mayakovskaya (Line #2 - dark green). Also look at the architecture of the ground entrance building of Arbatskaya (Line #4 - light blue) and Krasnye Vorota (Line #1 - red). History buffs may appreciate that Metro Line #1 (red) has the oldest stations, opened in 1935.

The Vorobyovy Gory Metro Station on Line #1 (red) is unique in that it is on a bridge crossing the Moscow River. This bridge also carries auto traffic road on another level. There is a beautiful view through the transparent sides of the station. A great observing point around Moscow is located nearby on Vorobyovy hills, next to the main building of Lomonosov Moscow State University.

There are a couple of unique trains operating through the system and you will be lucky if you get to ride them. Aquarelle (Watercolor) is a train that includes an art gallery. The train operates daily on Line #3 (dark blue). The Sokolniki Retro Train is a train modeled after the original 1930s trains and it occasionally is placed into service, usually around a major anniversary of the metro system.

The metro is relatively safe, although pickpockets are a problem, as they are in any environment where a lot of people are pressed together. Opportunistic petty crime, such as snatching someone's mobile phone and jumping out just as the doors are closing, is also commonplace. Take the usual precautions at night when gangs of inebriated teenagers may look for an excuse to beat someone up. There is no train guard or conductor, so the first car near the driver may be the safest. Every car is equipped with an intercom to the driver's cabin; they are beige boxes with a grill and a black button near doors, and mostly work, unless visibly vandalized.

By Central Circle train [ edit ]

The city has rehabilitated the old rail loop that lies between the Third Transport Ring and the Ring Road. It was built in the beginning of the 20th century, and last had passenger service in 1934. It was then used for shuttling freight trains in and out of the city without having them clog the main stations. The comfortable Siemens Desiro trains (called "Lastochka" in Russia) provide service between 05:45 and 01:00, with 5-10 minute intervals. The entire circular journey takes an hour and a half. The Moscow Central Circle (МЦК -pronounced as Em-Tse-Ka ) is integrated into the Moscow Metro, and is denoted by a pink hollow contour on the maps [dead link] , but there are few interchanges, with some of the stations marked as adjacent being as much as 15 minutes apart on foot. It is, however, useful for trips that avoid transfers in the center, and the trains are rarely packed. The same tickets as for Metro are valid, and where you need to transfer from one mode to the other (and correspondingly leave the system and enter through the barrier again), the Troika cards would recognize it and not charge you the second time. Unlike the Metro, it is allowed to carry bicycles on the Central Circle.

Every large street in the city is served by at least one bus route. Most Moscow buses operate 05:30-01:00.

Numbers with an added 'к' or red sign ('к' for короткий — short) are shorter routes than their regular counterparts (for example bus 164 has a longer itinerary than 164к).

Numbers with an added 'м' (magistral routes; 'м' for магистральный ) indicate more frequent routes, numbers with an added 'е' ('е' for экспресс , but uses cyrillic 'е' as there is the same letter 'e' in latin alphabet) are express routes (which are subclass of magistral routes) and skip a lot of small stops.

Numbers with an added 'н' ('н' for ночной — night) indicate night services, few other routes also operate during the night.

Numbers with an added 'т' indicate diesel bus replacing withdrawn trolleybus line, does not mean anything special. Since August 2020, there is only one trolleybus route Т which connects Komsomolskaya square and 3 railway stations, "Krasnoselskaya" metro station and Yelokhovo Square.

Numbers with interval 901—908 is express buses, that skip many stops.

Main lines of buses are frequent until the late evening.

A useful mobile app called Yandex Maps helps you locate a nearest bus, trolleybus or tram on the line.

By tram [ edit ]

There are several tram routes, although trams are not common in the city centre. A map [dead link] and a schedule [dead link] of the tram routes are available online.

By commuter rail [ edit ]

Local commuter trains (electrichkas) operate between the Moscow train stations and the suburbs of Moscow Oblast, but are of little use for seeing the tourist attractions. Schedules can be accessed online at the official operator site and https://rasp.yandex.ru/ .

Strelka and Troika cards are not valid for commuter trains, except if you have a multi-day commuter train ticket on your Troika card. Most stations have ticket machines with credit card and cash accepted.

Since 2019 an MCD (reads as Em-Tse-De ) service of frequent trains - similar to Berlin's S-Bahn or Paris' RER - started on two lines, so some railway rides can be paid by Troika card. Single ticket costs 38 руб within the city limits and 45 руб within the closest outskirts.

By monorail [ edit ]

Moscow Monorail is a 4.7 km (2.9 mi) monorail line with 6 stations. It is slower, less frequent, and has shorter operating hours when compared with the metro (every 30 min, 08:00-20:00). However, the view is picturesque. It is useful to get to the Ostankino Tower, or to get to the VDNKh exhibition centre from Metro Line #9 (silver). Interchanges between Moscow Metro and Monorail is free, no additional fee will be charged.

By taxi [ edit ]

Fares [ edit ].

Rates for UberX are the cheapest among taxi services. Non-surge rates are 50 руб base fare + 8 руб per minute + 8 руб per kilometer, with a 100 руб minimum.

It is possible to negotiate the price with taxis drivers and not use the meter. Taxi fares within the Garden Ring are generally under 250 руб . When negotiating with a street taxi, if you don't like the amount one guy is charging, you'll doubtlessly find another driver in a minute or two. Try to get an idea if the drivers know where they are going as many will pretend they know how to get to your destination just to get your business. Smartphone-based apps eliminate this problem since the drivers follow a GPS and the rates are fixed.

Taxi operators [ edit ]

There are several taxi services operating in Moscow, the most noticeable on the streets being Yandex.Taxi, they're booked via the mobile app. The cars are mainly yellow-black-white Skodas, Kias or Hyundais. They will charge the minimum rate of 250 руб no matter the distance. Other popular hailing apps that often offer cheaper fares than Yandex.Taxi, are Citimobil, Taxi Maxim, Rutaxi - they all have English interface.

If you're not good in Russian, there are several English-speaking taxi services operating in Moscow, the most notable being LingoTaxi . Prices are generally higher but booking by phone is easier.

Using a car in Moscow can be very time consuming and stressful. Moscow beyond the center is cut by railroads, industrial districts and rivers, so the road network is very irregular with tight bottlenecks between well-connected areas. The street system was never designed to accommodate even a fraction of today's vehicles and the traffic jams never seem to clear until the night. Evening jams lasting the entire night into the morning rush hours are rare but not unheard of. You will have to compete for the right-of-way with seasoned drivers who know the tangle of the streets inside out and will not think twice before cutting you off at the first opportunity. One bright spot is the dearth of the large 18-wheeler trucks on Moscow roads. Sometimes, all traffic on major thoroughfares may be blocked by police to allow government officials to blow through unimpeded, sirens blaring.

There is very little parking. Parking illegally can lead to a hefty fine of 2500 руб and your car being towed. If you are driving to Moscow, park as soon as you can at a safe place such as your hotel and use public transit. Parking is usually not free and the costs can be found online . Expect to pay 80 руб /hour for the parking within the Boulevard Ring and the district, 200 руб /hour - between Boulevard Ring and Garden Ring, 40 руб /hour between Garnen Ring and Third Transport Ring. Payment is available through SMS (Russian SIM-cards only), mobile app or at parking columns (usually accepting credit cards only). You have to pay for the full hour upfront, unused money will be sent back to your account. Like many other Russian cities, parking spaces, even parking lots, are disorganized, making safe parking a challenge.

However, if you have driven in New York City , Rome or Athens before, then it's not that hard to get accustomed to Moscow traffic. Just don't try to drive across the city during rush hours or you can be stuck for as long as 3 hours in traffic jams. Check one of the many traffic jam information websites before you start your journey. Taking the metro may actually be faster than driving. The most popular sites are Yandex Probki [dead link] and Rambler Probki [dead link] .

As of 2019, many or most local drivers consider official speed limits more of a guideline than anything. Driving up to 19 kilometres per hour (12 mph) above speed limit usually isn't punished (at least for locals), and in many places driving 30–40 kilometres per hour (19–25 mph) above speed limit is common in case of light traffic. The punishment system for bad driving is very lax. Some mobile apps give warning about automated cameras and they see wide use. Besides, some cars operate with speedometer broken. This is especially the case of microbus drivers operating on private suburban lines. Reckless driving is common, especially late at night on mostly empty streets. Drunk driving isn't uncommon, especially late at night. Paradoxically, rush hours are a lot safer to drive at, since traffic flow speed is naturally restricted.

Roads are almost empty during holidays at the beginning of January and May as well as during weekends and the summer. Friday evening in broad summer (roughly April to October) show great jams towards outside the city, while Sunday evening and Monday morning show great jams towards the city. Great jams can surround May and winter holidays.

Gas stations : BP, Lukoil, Gazpromneft, Rosneft gas stations all have good quality gasoline.

By ship [ edit ]

Boats are not the best way to move around the city fast, but they do offer great scenery.

• 55.7303 37.65376 1 Stolichnaya Sudokhodnaya Kompania (Capital River Boat Tour Company) . depart about once hourly, every day . Several scenic routes geared for tourists] with prices in the range of 400-800 руб . A pass is included in some hop-on-hop-off tours. 400-800 руб .  
• 55.753 37.566 2 Flotilla Radisson Royal , Naberezhnaya Tarasa Shevchenko, 9, (Ukraina Hotel embankment) ( M: Krasnopresnenskaya ). Several year-round cruises. Unlike other tourist boats, these boats can move on ice very smoothly so that the waiter can easily pour champagne in crystal glasses on a table. There are huge panoramic windows to protect against the wind. The food is overpriced. The trips depart from either Hotel Ukraina or Gorky Park. 650-2000 руб .  

Velobike operates a bike sharing network that has over 4000 bicycles available at over 430 bike stations throughout city. To use it, you first have to register on the web site, mobile app or via terminal on bike station. Membership rates are 150 руб per day, 500 руб for a month, or 1200 руб for whole season. Usage fees, which are in addition to membership fees, vary, but the first 30 minutes are free. This is intentional to encourage people to use the system for short place-to-place trips; however, after riding for 30 minutes, you can dock your bike into a station, wait 2 minutes, and then take the bike out again to restart the timer. The service is only operational between April and November. After docking the bike you should get an text message confirmation. If you do not get a confirmation, you should call the company; otherwise, you may be fined.

By hop-on-hop-off bus [ edit ]

The hop-on-hop-off bus is a convenient way for tourists to see the major sights quickly and efficiently. The buses feature English-speaking guides to answer any questions. A 1 day pass costs $24 for adults and $15 for children.

See [ edit ]

Do [ edit ].

Moscow has many attractions, but many of them are not friendly to a non-Russian-speaker. English-language newspapers like The Moscow Times , Element [dead link] , Moscow News and others can help to navigate towards English-language friendly attractions and services.

Banyas [ edit ]

Make sure you visit a Russian bathhouse (banya) while in Moscow, as it's an important Russian tradition and some Russians, especially aged 40+, go at least once a week. Have a hot steam, followed by a good whipping with birch branches. While it's not the most pleasant experience, the benefits you'll receive afterward will enable you to understand why Russians are loyal to their banya.

• 55.76416 37.62165 1 Sandunovskye Baths ( Sanduny ), Neglinnaya Str. 14 Building 3-7 ( Metro: Kyznetsky Most or Trubnaya ), ☏ +7 495 782-1808 . The oldest and most famous Banya in Moscow, it looks like a palace with enormous halls, marble stairs, and frescos. The restaurant serves drinks for the complete after-banya experience. 90-minute guided tours are available on Tuesday evenings. 4-person bath room: From 4000 руб /hour, with a 2-hour minimum .  
• Pokrovskie Baths , Bagrationovsky proezd, 12 ( Metro: Bagrationovskaya ). Has a famous steam room with horseradish-flavored steam. Wide selection of brooms from birch tree, tatarian maple, lime tree, and eucalyptus. Prices are cheaper than other banyas.  
• Rzehvskye Baths , Bannyi Proezd 3a ( Metro: Prospekt Mira ), ☏ +7 495 681 10 74 . Daily 09:00-22:00 . 120 years old but renovated.  
• Lefortovskie Baths , Lefortovsky Val, 9A ( Metro: Aviamotornaya ), ☏ +7 495 362-55-70 07 . Famous for its traditionally-Russian massage with brooms soaked in mead where cold water is poured on you to get the blood flowing!  

Circuses [ edit ]

Theatres [ edit ].

• Bolshoi Theatre , one of the oldest and best known ballet and opera company in the world.

Ice skating [ edit ]

• 55.73138 37.603889 4 Gorky Central Park of Culture and Leisure ( "Центральный парк культуры и отдыха (ЦПКиО) имени Горького" ), Krymsky Val (Крымский вал), 9 ( Across the Moskva River from Park Kultury Metro Station ), ☏ +7 495 995 0020 , [email protected] . 10:00-17:00, evening 17:00-23:00 . It is most famous but overcrowded and ice is not always in ideal condition. The Park opened in 1928. morning 200 руб , evening 300 руб .  
• 55.71972 37.54555 5 Luzhniki aka Kristall skating ring ( Каток «Кристалл» и каток «Балет на льду» ), Luzhnetskaya nab.(Лужнецкая наб.), 24 ( M: Sportivnaya ). Excellent ice, although service can be tough and open hours are not always convenient.  

The winter rinks at Chistye Prudy or Izmaylovsky Park are other alternatives.

Others [ edit ]

• Sun of Moscow , Europe's tallest ferris wheel (140 m height) opened in 2022.
• Watch football: Moscow has four teams playing in the Premier League, the top tier of Russian football. They often qualify for European tournaments, and their stadiums are used for international games. The four are:
• 55.89123 37.74843 6 Kva-Kva Water Park , Kommunisticheskaya Ulitsa, 1, Mytishchi ( inside XL Family Entertainment Center ), ☏ +7 495 258 06-83 . Daily 10:00-22:00 . Water Park affiliated with Maxima Hotels (discounts for guests). There are 7 high trills (90-120 meters length) and a pleasant surprise for extremers – Tsunami trill – unique in Russia. There are also 4-line trills – Multislide and a special area for kids – a small tropical town with shallow pool. Kva-Kva Lagoone offers hydromassage. There’s also pure Russian bath, Finnish sauna, Turkish bath (hamam) and Kva-Kva spa-salon. Night discos take place every weekend, with free admission for Maxima Hotel guests. 225-745 руб .  
• Hot air balloon ride , Suburban Moscow . 4400-5000 руб .  
• 55.761944 37.577222 7 Moscow Zoo ( Московский зоопарк ), Bolshaya Gruzinskaya str., 1 ( M: Barrikadnaya or Krasnopresnensky ), ☏ +7 499 252 3580 , fax : +7 495 605 1717 , [email protected] . Tu-Su 10:00-17:00 . The oldest (1864) and the biggest zoo in Russia, has over 6000 animals representing about 1000 species and covers an area of about 21.5 hectares. 300 руб , photo cameras free of charge; summer weekends 500 руб .  

Learn [ edit ]

Moscow remains the educational center of Russia and the former USSR. There are 222 institutes of higher education, including 60 state universities & 90 colleges. Some of these offer a wide-spectrum of programs, but most are centered around a specific field. This is a hold-over from the days of the USSR, when Sovietwide there were only a handful of wide-spectrum "universities" and a large number of narrow-specialization "institutes" (mostly in Moscow & St.Petersburg). Moscow offers some of the best business/management, science, & arts schools in the world. Moscow is also a popular destination for foreign students to learn Russian.

Work [ edit ]

You will need a work visa which is not an easy process. The visa needs to be arranged well in advance of traveling. It is possible to work in Moscow, you just need to find a good company to support you. The main obstacle for many foreigners will be a mandatory Russian language exam required to obtain a work permit.

Buy [ edit ]

Credit card acceptance is widespread. ATMs are plentiful, display in English and accept the major card networks such as Visa/Plus and MasterCard/Cirrus. Currency exchange offices are plentiful in the city, but be sure to count your change and note that the advertised rates sometimes don't include an added commission or only apply to large exchanges. Be sure to break your 5000 руб and 1000 руб notes where you can since the smaller merchants, street vendors and even many metro clerks often refuse them.

Shopping malls [ edit ]

Large shopping malls are common near metro stations.

Eat [ edit ]

Dining establishments in Moscow range from food stalls near metro stations to quick canteen-style 'Stolovaya' eateries to American-style fast food chains to overpriced restaurants catering to tourists to high-end restaurants where you can spend 10000 руб .

Restaurants and cafes promising "European and Caucasus cuisine" generally cater to tourists and are usually bad; seek a restaurant that specializes in a single region instead (Georgian, Russian, Italian, French, etc.).

Many small restaurants offer lunch specials costing 200-250 руб . These deals are valid from 12:00 to 15:00 and include a cup of soup or an appetizer, a small portion of the main dish of the day, bread and a non-alcoholic beverage.

Tipping [ edit ]

For information on tipping in restaurants, see Russia#Eat .

Ethnic food [ edit ]

Authentic ethnic food from countries of the nearby Caucasus ( Azerbaijan , Georgia , Armenia ) is common in Moscow. Japanese food, including sushi, rolls, tempura, and steakhouses are very popular in Moscow. Other Asian cuisines including Vietnamese, Thai, and Chinese are becoming increasingly more common.

Budget [ edit ]

Street food [ edit ].

Free-standing kiosks serving sausages, meat pies, or kebobs are plentiful, although the origins of the meat served is questionable and the food has been known to occasionally make people sick.

Muscovites are also fond of their ice cream, consumed in any weather, even in the dead of winter, cheap and usually of superior quality; kiosks can be found all over the center and near all Metro stations.

Fast food chains [ edit ]

• Burger King , Hesburger [dead link] , and KFC [dead link] have locations near almost every shopping mall. It is common to pay extra for condiments.
• Kroshka-Kartoshka – These green kiosks sell microwave-baked potatoes as well as toasted sandwiches and a few drinks. Hot and filling, but rather expensive for a potato.
• Riksha Ivan ("Ivan the Rickshaw") – Quick Chinese-like cuisine; fried rice with meat to go.
• Teremok [dead link] – This chain started as a fast-food specialized on blinchiki, Russian crepes that come with a variety of fillings, with somewhat national old-fashon touch towards style and cuisine. It is however graduated beyond fast-food, where it fails to compete with international McDonalds and the like. Teremok is one of the cheapest chains offering a proper quality 3-course meals, including a soup, a main dish with a salad and a desert. The drinks are overpriced, but not unreasonably so.
• Kruzhka [dead link] – Serves cheap food and mugs of beer. 20 locations around Moscow. The menu is relatively simple, consisting mainly of types of kebab and shawarma, with fries. Sports events are on often shown on televisions or a big screen.
• Prime Star – Specializing in natural food such as sandwiches and salads. 400 руб for a cold soup, salad, and beverage.

Canteen-style cafeterias [ edit ]

In these cafeterias, you take a tray, move along a counter with food (either taking the dishes yourself or asking the staff to give you a bowl of soup, a plate of vegetables, etc.) and pay at the cash register at the end of the counter. These self-serve establishments have decent quality food, no waiting time, and good prices. Canteen chains include Café Moo-Moo (30 locations) and Grabli (Грабли) .

Foodcourts 2.0 [ edit ]

This term is used in articles by local food critics: since 2016, several special food courts were opened with independent and small food chains, for those people who get bored of McDonald's-like food. They offer a wider choice of cuisines.

Mid-range [ edit ]

• Ресторан-караоке La Verona , Ulitsa Rossolimo, 7 ( near Park Kultury Metro Station and Gorky Park ), ☏ +7 495 997-22-27 . Karaoke and Italian.  
• Kharbin ( Харбин ), Bolshaya Yakimanka ul. 56 ( m. Pervomayskaya ). Daily 11:00-23:00 . Non-Europeanized authentic Chinese restaurant with therefore generous portions, each main can typically fill a couple. Both run entirely by and where 80% of clients are Chinese. Try turtle soup; eggplants in caramel sauce. Loud karaoke weekend evenings. No credit cards. 1000 руб per person for a filling dinner without alcohol .  
• VietCafe , Several locations . A popular chain of Vietnamese restaurants. 500 руб .  
• Acha Chacha . Leningradsky prospekt, 9b building 1. 12:00-00:00. Cosy restaurant of Caucasian cuisine near Belorusskiy train station that managed to avoid that annoying style of many other Georgian places mainly based on the imagery of Georgia taken from the Soviet era. Cash only but there is an ATM right at the entrance.

Splurge [ edit ]

• Chemodan (Suitcase) , Gogol Boulevard 25/1 ( Metro: Arbatskaya, Kropotkinskaya ), ☏ +7 (495) 695 3819 . Specifically a Siberian restaurant, with a menu featuring the freshest river-fish from Siberia's vast rivers and lakes, game dishes from the riches of the taiga forests, pickles and preserves featuring mushrooms and berries. Good food, good service. Mains: 700-1500 руб .  
• Expedition Northern Cuisine , Pevcheskiy Pereulok 6 , ☏ +7 495 775-60-75 . Northern cuisine, specializing in seafood. Mains: from 1000 руб .  
• Cafe Pushkin ( Кафе Пушкинъ ), Tverskoy Blvd 26А ( Metro: Tverskaya, Pushkinskaya ). Has a cafe and restaurant (cafe is cheaper). A fake 19th-century mansion (built in 1999) that pretends to be a tourist attraction, not just a place to eat. The legend goes that so many foreigners were asking for the restaurant with this name that they finally opened one. With a stretch of imagination the food might pass for what it purports to be, the aristocratic Russian cuisine from the Czarist times. Still, it's probably the only place in Moscow to try true Russian cuisine, as it's cooked at home (at least, it's quite difficult to find another of the same quality).  
• Gambrinus Na Kiyevskoy , Bol'shaya Dorogomilovskaya Ulitsa, 4 ( Metro: Kievskaya ), ☏ +7 499 380-87-77 . European cuisine with wide selection of beers and view of city skyline.  
• White Rabbit , 3, Smolenskaya Square ( Metro: Smolenskaya ), ☏ +7 495 66 33 999 . Astonishing interiors in fusion style. Combining an old fireplace with fretted designer furniture and an active bar in the middle of the hall with a 360 degree panorama view of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ukraina hotel. You get an outstanding view on the Garden Ring, the New Arbat and the river Moscow through the windows.  

Drink [ edit ]

Bars [ edit ].

• Tema Bar , Potapovsky pereulok (Потаповский переулок), 5 ( Metro: Chistye Prudy, near Chistye Prudy Boulevard ), ☏ +7 495 624-27-20 , +7 495 979-21-22 , [email protected] . It offers a long cocktail list, including all-time favorites like Screwdrivers, Cosmopolitans and Manhattans. The bar is packed on Friday and Saturday nights.  

Clubs [ edit ]

Nightlife in Moscow is bustling, intense and exciting. It starts quite late; it's common for the headliners to start at 02:00-02:00. Most noticeable are areas near Solyanka street and Krasniy Oktyabr' place. At summer time a lot of clubs opening open-air terraces called "verandas". Most of clubs in Moscow are very picky of who they let in, so make sure you have a positive attitude and dress up if you are going to a fancy club.

Gazgolder [dead link] (not far from Kremlin) is among the best.

Cafes [ edit ]

Moscow has several café chains with great coffee including Coffeemania and Coffee Bean [dead link] . Moscow also has a good selection of tea saloons. High-quality infusion teas such as Newby, are widely available in cafes, both in packets and loose.

Asking to add boiling water to the tea you ordered earlier is a practice that some cafes don't welcome, but normally it's acceptable.

Sleep [ edit ]

Stay safe [ edit ].

Moscow enjoys a relatively low crime rate.

Drunk people are the most likely sources of problems. In the past years, lots of policemen were corrupt, and it was best to avoid them. Nowadays Moscow has a Tourist Police force, which officers are able to speak foreign languages and help tourists. Police officers are equipped with body-cameras.

It is preferable to avoid some parts of the outer districts of Moscow, especially in the south. Some of those areas are notorious for gopniks (drunkards notorious for muggings and starting fights with strangers, and will do so seemingly unprovoked), who normally hang out in sparse residential areas and in industrial zones. The same problems can be witnessed in the surrounding regions and in other Russian cities as well.

While traveling in Moscow, as in the rest of Russia, you should always have your passport with you. If you look non-white, your papers may get checked more often than otherwise. The police may demand to see your papers to check if you have been registered within 7 business days of your arrival into Moscow. Always remember that if you stay in a hotel then you are automatically registered and will be handed a confirmation paper at a time of check-in, so don't worry in this case. The police are usually looking for migrants from Central Asia and unless you fit this profile, you are unlikely to be questioned.

Women should take caution walking alone late at night since they may receive unwanted attention from drunk men. Women should also stay clear of large companies of men in front of bars, restaurants, etc. It is best to walk with a friend if possible.

Streets can become very slippery in winter. Wear shoes or, even better, boots with decent grip to prevent twisted ankles. Ice patches can be hard to spot. A waterproof raincoat is also sensible.

Traffic is poorly handled, and vehicle accident rates are very high. Stay safe.

If you need help with translation, ask students or pupils: younger people are more likely to be able to help you than the older generations.

Connect [ edit ]

For information on using telephones and buying SIM cards in Russia, see Russia#Connect .

Mobile Internet is quite affordable in Russia, but you have to buy Russian SIM-card first.

Wireless Internet [ edit ]

Moscow Metro has Wi-Fi in all trains. It is ad-supported.

Mosgortrans has Wi-Fi spots on every bus, trolleybus and tram. Also sometimes you can find Wi-Fi spot on a public transport stop.

Beeline Wi-Fi [dead link] operates the largest network of both paid and free Wi-Fi access points. If there is a charge, you can pay online via credit card.

There is a large network of free Wi-Fi hotspots in the city centre; check your device in the middle of a busy area and you may find one.

Many cafes and restaurants offer Wi-Fi - ask for password. Most bookstores offer free Wi-Fi, including "Dom Knigi" on New Arbat Street or "Respublika" bookstore on Tverskaya near Mayakovskaya Metro Station.

Some establishments that offer free Wi-Fi may require you to verify an authorization code sent to a Russian phone number before gaining access, but for the most part, foreign numbers also work as of 2016.

Cope [ edit ]

Embassies [ edit ].

Moscow is one of the global diplomatic capitals, competing with Berlin , Brussels , Beijing , Paris , London , and Washington D.C. . Most of the world's countries have their embassies in the city.

Go next [ edit ]

Since Moscow is the biggest transportation center in Russia and one of the main points of entry for the foreign tourists, it is a convenient starting point for exploring much of European Russia. Even traveling through Moscow to Caucasian and Central Asian countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan etc.) could be cheaper than direct flights from Europe/North America. Travel deals to Moscow are not rare and ticket prices are often pretty low within the former USSR.

• Golden Ring — Old cities and towns rich in historical buildings in the heartland of Muskovy Russia. There are many tourist companies organizing guided tours, but travellers with rudimentary knowledge of Cyrillic alphabet can do it independently. Many guidebooks are available in English.
• 56.326944 44.0075 1 Nizhny Novgorod — the so-called "younger brother of Moscow." Never call Nizhny Novgorod as Novgorod, it's 2 absolutely different cities. Nizhny Novgorod is located about 400 km from the capital of Russia. You can get there from Moscow only 3½ hours by train Lastochka or Strizh . If you want to get there with comfort, then it's best to take tickets in the compartment. However, 3½ hours in a reserved seat are not very tiring for moving.
• 59.95 30.316667 2 Saint Petersburg — 13 overnight trains leave Moscow for the 7-hour (or thereabouts) journey, arriving the next morning. Don't try to save on sleeper accommodations; you won't like the coach car unless you aren't counting on getting any sleep at all (but in this case, you'd be better off taking one of the daytime high-speed Sapsan trains - they take around 4 hours, and the vistas rushing by on the other side of the window are lovely). You might even consider paying the extra money for a first class sleeper cabin which has two comfortable beds. Included in the price is a small snack for supper and breakfast. There is also an attendant for each carriage who is willing to make tea in classic metal and glass tea glasses. Very civilised way to travel. Though air travel is a preferred way of transportation.
• 56.857828 35.921928 3 Tver — Known as "Tiny Petersburg" thanks to its city structure. The administrative center of Tver Oblast. The Volga river divides the city into two very different parts.
• 56.3 38.133333 4 Sergiev Posad ( Сергиев Посад ) ( by car: 70 km (43 mi) from Moscow via the Yaroslavsky Highway - by electrical train: from Yaroslavsky Station, “Sergiev Posad” stop (1½ hr); by Bus № 388: from VDNKH Metro station to Sergiev Posad; then you can go by a bus (or a minivan) to the “Center” or walk along Sergievskaya ul. (street) to the observation platform on the Blinnaya gora ( mountain) and admire a magnificent view of the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra ). - Famous old Orthodox monastery ( Troitse-Sergieva Lavra ). Commuter trains from Yaroslavsky Station, several daily; travel time about 1½ hours.  
• 55.083333 38.783333 5 Kolomna ( Коломна ) ( 114 km (71 mi) (by rail) southeast of Moscow ). A nice medieval town (2-3 hr from Moscow) with a number of very interesting churches and monasteries  
• 55.7875 37.284444 6 Arkhangelskoye Palace ( Арха́нгельское ), Krasnogorsk ( Metro stations: "Tushinskaya" ). - One of the finest of Moscow Oblast 's usadbas (estates) is only a short elektrichka ride away from Moscow and makes a fine day excursion.  
• 55.565 36.715556 7 Kubinka Tank Museum ( Бронетанковый музей в Кубинке ) ( 67 km (42 mi) W of Moscow centre ), ☏ +7 800 707-01-07 . Tu-Su 10:00-17:00 . One of the finest armour collections in the world. About one hour west of the city. Access is restricted.  
• 55.831 38.188 8 Monino Central Airforce Museum ( Центральный Музей Военно-Воздушных Сил ) ( 35 km (22 mi) E of Moscow centre, walkable from Monino railway station, Yaroslavsky suburban rail line ). - A very large airfield and some hangars with a lot of planes, some of them unique (Tu-144, "Ilya Murometz", T-4, a lot of ramjet fighters, helicopters, etc).  
• 55.5 37.766667 9 Leninskiye Gorki ( Го́рки Ле́нинские ) ( 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Moscow city limits ), ☏ +7 495 548-9309 , [email protected] . - An old country estate, expropriated by the Communist authorities after 1917 and used by V. Lenin as his country residence when he became ill. Large museum, although pretty decrepit now.  
• 55.516667 35.816667 10 State Borodino War and History Museum and Reserve ( Государственный Бородинский военно-исторический музей-заповедник «Бородинское поле» ) ( By suburban train: from the Belarusian railway station to "Borodino" or "Mozhaysk" station (2-3 a day, 2 hr) or intercity bus № 457 to Mozhaysk further - by bus to the "Borodino" museum ). Warning: preodered group visits only . This is the site of the famous Battle of Borodino. Museum and national historic site.  
• 55.116667 37.65 11 Melikhovo ( Ме́лихово ) ( 65 km (40 mi) south of Moscow ). Chekhov's country house  
• 54.076111 37.526111 12 Yasnaya Polyana ( Я́сная Поля́на ) ( 12 km (7.5 mi) SW of Tula and 200 km (120 mi) S from Moscow. ). Tolstoi's country house  
• 55.9216 36.8459 13 New Jerusalem Resurrection Monastery ( Новоиерусалимский монастырь ) ( between Novoierusalimskaya (15 min on foot) and Istra (15 min by bus) elektrichka stations, around 60 km (37 mi) from Moscow, Trains to Istra, from Moscow’s Rizhsky Vokzal (Riga Station) (~20 a day, 1½ hr, 130 руб ) (2011) ). A monastery-fortress (male, working) with a number of museums inside and next to the walls: Wooden architecture museum, local history museum, art and history museum, etc. The monastery was founded in 1656 by Tzar Alexis II and Patriarch Nikon (his "cell", a three-storey house stands in the park outside the monastery walls) to resemble the original Jerusalem.  
• 55.728 36.816 14 Savvino-Storozhevskiy monastery ( Саввино-Сторожевский монастырь ) ( 65 km (40 mi) W; Commuter trains from Belorussky station to Zvenigorod , several daily; travel time ~1 hr, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) west to monastery, which is on a nearby hill. ). A beautiful monastery with interesting history, closely connected to Russian Tzars.  
• 56.35 37.533333 15 Dmitrov ( Дмитров ) ( 65 km (40 mi) North from Moscow (trains from Savelovsky station, several daily, 1½ hr) ). A town, on Moscow Channel, with old churches, interesting sculptures in the streets and a number of museums  
• 55.878585 37.035915 16 Snegiri ( 40 km (25 mi) NW from Moscow (Volokolamskoe hwy), trains from Rizhsky Station, several daily, travel time about an hour ). - Settlement, that boasts a monument to the Defense of Moscow during World War II, with a good collection of tanks, and a museum.  

Our expert deal-hunting staff showcases the best price drops and discounts from reputable sellers daily. If you make a purchase using our links, CNET may earn a commission.

Prime Big Deal Days: Best Early October Prime Day Deals to Shop Right Now

Amazon is launching a massive two-day shopping event next month and we're rounding up the best early deals already.

Amazon's summer Prime Day may be in the rearview mirror but its Prime Big Deal Days sale is just a few weeks away. It's the second Prime Day-like sale of the year and Amazon hopes it will kickstart the holiday shopping season a little earlier than the usual Black Friday rush. 

We've got all of the details on Amazon's Prime Big Deal Days sale below and we're be rounding up the best early Prime Day deals below as we get ever closer to the event. 

Best early October Prime Day deals

Though the sale isn't officially underway yet, the deals have already started to ramp up. We're gathering up a bunch of our favorites below so you can kickstart your holiday savings early.

Best early October Prime Day deals on tech

Apple Watch Series 8: $299

Apple's last-gen smartwatch is seeing some of its best savings to date following the Series 9 release. It's still a great device in 2023, though, so grab one while supplies last.

Microsoft Windows 11 Pro: $27

Not an Amazon deal, but this StackSocial offer discounts a Windows 11 Pro license to just $27 -- saving you over $170 compared to the Microsoft price.

Ring Video Doorbell Pro 2 + Ring Floodlight Cam: $270

If you want to upgrade your home's security, this bundle includes a Ring Video Doorbell Pro 2 and a Ring Floodlight Cam, which nets you some excellent coverage around your house -- and a $180 discount.

Eero mesh Wi-Fi systems

Amazon's Eero mesh routers are among the best in the business and now the retailer is getting ready for its Prime Big Deal Days sale with a number of discounts.

• Samsung Galaxy S23: Up to 20% off
• Motorola Razr Plus: $900 (save $100)
• Amazon Fire TV 2-Series smart TVs: From $130
• Amazon 65-inch Fire TV Omni QLED: $600 (save $200)
• Bowers & Wilkins Px7 S2 over-ear headphones: $249 (save $150)
• Microsoft Xbox Series X: $450 (save $50)
• AnkerMake M5 3D printer: $599 (save $200)

Best early October Prime Day deals on home

Keurig K-Mini Coffee Maker: $60

For a limited time only, Amazon is offering this coffee maker in six different colors for just $60. It's ideal for those with limited counter space.

Eufy HomeVac S11 Lite cordless stick vacuum: $80

Free your home from dust and dirt with this lightweight and stylish stick vacuum. It works for carpets and hard floors and includes extra attachments for various nooks and crannies. 

• L'Or Barista System coffee and espresso machine: $123 (save $36)
• Shark floor care and air purifiers: Up to 40% off
• Jackery Explorer 2000 Pro portable power station: $1,799 (save $100)
• Tineco Pure One S15 Flex stick vacuum: $350 (save $150)

Best early October Prime Day deals on health and fitness

Echelon EX-3 bike: $350

Echelon's EX-3 connected bike is down to its best price ever at Amazon right now. Add it to your home gym and save $150. 

• Theragun Elite massage gun: $398 (save $51)
• Echelon Reflect smart fitness mirror: $602 (save $397)
• Mobifitness exercise bike: $460 (save $200)

What is Amazon Prime Big Deal Days?

It's reasonable to be confused as to what exactly Prime Big Deal Days is. You probably know it's a sale event, but Amazon is steering clear of Prime Day branding for it and using a new name entirely for this fall 2023 sale. So, what do you need to know?

Prime Big Deal Days is a two-day Amazon sale taking place in October that offers exclusive savings to Amazon Prime subscribers with limited-time offers, flash deals and rock-bottom prices. If that sounds a lot like Prime Day, it's because the sale is essentially a second Prime Day event for 2023 in all but name, just like the Prime Early Access Sale that took place in October last year. 

When is Amazon's Prime Big Deal Days sale?

Amazon's Prime Big Deal Days event will take place on Oct. 10 and 11 . Running for a full 48 hours, the sale will offer a huge number of limited-time deals during those two days, though we expect Amazon will kick things off a little early with some promotions preceding the official start time. We'll keep track of those right here. 

Unlike Prime Day proper, which (save for a few exceptions) takes place in July, the Prime Big Deal Days sale occurs in the fall and is an opportunity for organized holiday shoppers to get started early, and also a chance for Amazon to hoover up eager bargain-hunters' dollars before Black Friday sales begin in earnest. 

As you can see from the history of Prime Day dates below, Amazon has held its Prime Day sales each July, with just a couple of deviations from that regular schedule. Notably, in 2020, Amazon pushed its Prime Day sale to October due to the COVID-19 pandemic before returning it to the summer in 2021 in a slightly earlier June spot. Prime Day returned to its July spot for 2022, though Amazon did use that October slot once again for an additional Prime Early Access Sale event that acted as a kickoff to the holiday shopping season. This year, that slot is being used for Prime Big Deal Days. 

As a reference, here are the Prime Day dates from previous years:

• Prime Day 2015: July 15.
• Prime Day 2016: July 12.
• Prime Day 2017: July 11 to 12 (first to last longer than one day).
• Prime Day 2018: July 16 to 17.
• Prime Day 2019: July 15 to 16.
• Prime Day 2020: Oct. 13 to 14 (delayed by COVID-19 pandemic).
• Prime Day 2021: June 21 to 22 (the earliest to date).
• Prime Day 2022: July 12 to 13.
• Prime Early Access Sale 2022: Oct. 11 to 12.
• Prime Day 2023: July 11 to 12.

How long will the Prime Big Deal Days sale last?

Like Prime Day, Prime Big Deal Days will run for 48 hours. The sale will kick off at midnight PT (3 a.m. ET) on Oct. 10.

Amazon's Prime Day and Prime Day-like events haven't been single-day affairs since 2016, spanning two days for the first time in 2017 and continuing to be 48-hour bonanzas since then. Many of the deals launching at the sale's opening time will be available throughout the event, supplies permitting, with other, more limited-time Lightning deals launching and expiring within the two-day span. 

Will there be a second Amazon Prime Day event this year?

Yes, Amazon's Prime Big Deal Days is the second Prime Day-like sale of 2023. It replaces the Prime Early Access Sale that took place in October 2022 and is like Prime Day in basically every way. 

Which countries get Prime Big Deal Days?

Prime Day is an international affair and the same applies to the Prime Big Deal Days sale with 19 countries participating. The full list is as follows:

• Netherlands

Japan will also have its own Prime Big Deal Days sale later in the month.

How does Amazon's Prime Big Deal Days sale work?

The idea behind Prime Day -- and, by extension, Prime Big Deal Days -- is a simple one: Subscribers to Amazon's Prime service can get exclusive discounts on thousands of products and services across the site during a limited period of time. The products, while still available to non-Prime members, will have extra savings for members, dropping many of their prices down to new all-time lows. 

When you're logged in to your Prime account and looking at a product landing page, you'll see the discounted price if it's on sale. You don't need any special coupon codes, nor is there a need to use a specific payment method in order to get the discounts. If you spend your money wisely each year, you can easily make back your Prime membership cost in savings during the event.

Do you need to be a Prime member to shop the Prime Big Deal Days sale?

Yes, Amazon's Prime Big Deal Days sale requires a Prime subscription if you want to nab any of the Prime-exclusive deals. You don't have to be a paying subscriber, though, as long as the event falls within your Prime trial period. That means you can start your month-long trial now and get in on the savings for free. For more info on that, check out our guide to shopping Prime Day sales without paying for Prime .

Amazon last year  raised prices on Prime membership . It's now $15 a month (or $139 a year).

Amazon Prime: 30-day free trial

Like Prime Day, Amazon's Prime Big Deal Days sale requires an Amazon Prime membership, though you don't have to be a paying member to get in on the savings. Start your 30-day Prime free trial now and you'll be able to shop the best deals without paying for a subscription -- just remember to cancel before it renews.

Will other retailers participate in Prime Day?

Each Prime Day, we see other retailers announcing sales that directly compete with Amazon's event, and we expect its fall event to be no different. Best Buy has already confirmed it intends to host a 48-hour flash sale on the very same dates and Walmart will overlap Prime Big Deal Days with its own Holiday Kickoff sale running Oct. 9 through 12. Home Depot is also running a Decor Days sale from Oct. 5 through 9 with savings on all things home decor in time for the holidays.

Why did Prime Day start?

Amazon has been hosting its annual Prime Day sale since 2015. Originally, it was a 24-hour sales event to celebrate Amazon's 20th birthday. The "Prime" in the name refers to Amazon's subscription service, which offers free delivery on many products in as little as one to two days, and which has now expanded to encompass the Netflix-style  Prime Video service  and various  other Amazon-related perks . 

Prime Day soon became a version of "Black Friday in July" for Amazon, allowing the retailer to have a branded 48-hour shopping extravaganza in an otherwise sleepy retail season. Unlike Black Friday, however, the Prime Day branding lets Amazon differentiate its summer sale from competitors while selling Prime memberships and Amazon-branded hardware such as  Echo speakers  and Fire tablets, which encourage customers to stay within the Amazon ecosystem. The fact that the sale also allows Amazon and its partners to clear out inventory and warehouse space ahead of the holiday shopping season doesn't hurt, either.

Where can you find deals right now?

The CNET Deals team covers all of the best price drops, discounts and deals daily from all the top retailers. Whether it's a one-day promo at Woot, a weekend sale at Best Buy or a coupon code for a product at Amazon, if it's a great deal, we'll be covering it. 

Be sure to check out all of the great deals each day at CNET.com/deals  and sign up for our CNET Deals newsletter for a daily digest of deals delivered to your inbox. You can also sign up for CNET Deals text alerts for curated deals during the event, and install out our  CNET Shopping browser extension  to help ensure that purchases you make all year round will be at the lowest price available.

Get the best price with CNET Shopping.

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Costco is now selling 24-karat gold bars

(CNN) - Here’s a new one to add to your Costco shopping list -- a gold bar.

The retailer is now selling 1-ounce, 24-karat gold bars for just under $2,000 each.

They’re available on Costco’s website and come individually stamped with a unique serial number.

A Costco top executive says they’re a hot item, selling out within a couple of hours after landing on the website.

The bars come from the South African mining company Rand Refinery and Swiss precious metal supplier PAMP Suisse.

The gold is non-refundable and ships via UPS.

Copyright 2023 CNN Newsource. All rights reserved.

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Follow our news, recent searches, chatgpt users can now browse internet, openai says, advertisement.

FILE PHOTO: OpenAI and ChatGPT logos are seen in this illustration taken, February 3, 2023. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration/File Photo

:ChatGPT users will now be able to surf the web, Microsoft-backed OpenAI said on Wednesday, expanding the data the viral chatbot can access beyond its earlier September 2021 cutoff.

The artificial intelligence startup said its latest browsing feature would allow websites to control how ChatGPT can interact with them.

"Browsing is available to Plus and Enterprise users today, and we'll expand to all users soon. To enable, choose Browse with Bing in the selector under GPT-4," OpenAI said in a post on social media platform X, formerly known as Twitter.

The startup also announced a major update earlier this week that would enable ChatGPT to have voice conversations with users and interact with them using images, moving it closer to popular AI assistants like Apple's Siri.

OpenAI had earlier tested a feature that allowed users to access the latest information through the Bing search engine within its premium ChatGPT Plus offering. But it later disabled it because of fears that it could allow users to bypass paywalls.

ChatGPT became the fastest-growing consumer application in history earlier this year, reaching 100 million monthly active users in January, before being supplanted by Meta's Threads app.

Its rise has driven up investor interest in OpenAI, with media including Reuters reporting on Tuesday that the startup is talking to shareholders about a possible sale of existing shares at a much higher valuation than a few months ago.

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