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110 Subculture Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

Inside This Article

Subcultures are groups within a larger society that have their own distinct norms, values, and practices. These subcultures can be based on a variety of factors, including age, ethnicity, interests, or beliefs. Exploring subcultures can provide valuable insights into the diversity and complexity of society, as well as the ways in which individuals navigate their identities and communities.

If you're looking for inspiration for an essay on subcultures, here are 110 topic ideas and examples to get you started:

• The punk subculture: its origins, values, and impact on mainstream culture
• The hip-hop subculture: how music, fashion, and language shape identity
• The goth subculture: exploring themes of darkness, individuality, and rebellion
• The skateboarding subculture: how a hobby became a lifestyle and community
• The gamer subculture: from arcades to online communities, gaming as a cultural phenomenon
• The LGBTQ+ subculture: the history, struggles, and triumphs of queer communities
• The cosplay subculture: blurring the lines between fantasy and reality through costume play
• The surfer subculture: the connection between nature, sport, and identity
• The rave subculture: electronic music, dance, and the search for transcendence
• The fitness subculture: bodybuilding, CrossFit, and the pursuit of physical perfection
• The vegan subculture: ethics, activism, and the rise of plant-based diets
• The biker subculture: freedom, rebellion, and the open road
• The prepper subculture: preparing for the end of the world and the collapse of society
• The tattoo subculture: body art as a form of self-expression and identity
• The metalhead subculture: heavy music, dark themes, and a sense of belonging
• The hacker subculture: technology, activism, and the fight for digital freedom
• The hippie subculture: peace, love, and the counterculture of the 1960s
• The kawaii subculture: cute aesthetics, consumer culture, and the pursuit of happiness
• The skater subculture: street culture, rebellion, and the DIY ethos
• The surfer subculture: beach culture, environmentalism, and the pursuit of the perfect wave
• The streetwear subculture: fashion, status symbols, and the commodification of cool
• The drag subculture: gender performance, artistry, and the celebration of queerness
• The hipster subculture: irony, nostalgia, and the quest for authenticity
• The conspiracy theory subculture: skepticism, paranoia, and the search for hidden truths
• The witch subculture: spirituality, feminism, and the revival of ancient practices
• The fitness subculture: body positivity, self-improvement, and the wellness industry
• The sneakerhead subculture: collectibles, trends, and the cult of sneakers
• The car enthusiast subculture: speed, aesthetics, and the culture of cars
• The punk subculture: DIY ethics, anti-authoritarianism, and the rejection of mainstream culture
• The anime subculture: Japanese animation, fandom, and the global reach of otaku culture
• The metal subculture: heavy music, subversion, and the sense of belonging in a community of outcasts
• The hip-hop subculture: rap music, street art, and the cultural impact of urban youth
• The skateboard subculture: counterculture, rebellion, and the ethos of DIY skateboarding
• The gamer subculture: online communities, competitive gaming, and the culture of esports
• The goth subculture: dark aesthetics, romanticism, and the celebration of the macabre
• The rave subculture: electronic music, dance culture, and the search for transcendence in the club scene
• The drag subculture: gender performance, artistry, and the celebration of queerness in drag shows
• The cosplay subculture: costume play, fandom, and the blurring of fantasy and reality at conventions
• The fitness subculture: bodybuilding, fitness trends, and the pursuit of physical excellence in the gym
• The punk subculture: DIY fashion, anti-establishment politics, and the spirit of rebellion in punk rock
• The surfer subculture: beach culture, surf lifestyle, and the connection between nature and sport
• The skateboard subculture: street culture, DIY skateboarding, and the sense of community in skate parks
• The metal subculture: heavy music, subversive themes, and the sense of belonging in the metal community
• The hip-hop subculture: rap music, street fashion, and the cultural influence of hip-hop culture
• The gamer subculture: online gaming, virtual communities, and the rise of esports as a global phenomenon
• The goth subculture: dark aesthetics, gothic fashion, and the celebration of the macabre in goth culture
• The rave subculture: electronic music, dance culture, and the search for transcendence through music and dance
• The drag subculture: gender performance, drag queens, and the art of transformation in drag shows
• The cosplay subculture: costume play, fandom, and the creative expression of pop culture at comic conventions
• The fitness subculture: body positivity, health trends, and the pursuit of physical well-being in the fitness industry
• The punk subculture: anti-establishment politics, punk fashion, and the spirit of rebellion in punk rock music
• The surfer subculture: beach lifestyle, surf culture, and the connection between nature and sport in surfing
• The skateboard subculture: street culture, skateboarding tricks, and the sense of community in skate parks
• The metal subculture: heavy music, dark themes, and the sense of belonging in the metal community
• The hip-hop subculture: rap music, street fashion, and the cultural impact of hip-hop culture on mainstream society
• The gamer subculture: online gaming, virtual communities, and the rise of esports as a competitive industry
• The goth subculture: gothic fashion, dark aesthetics, and the celebration of the macabre in goth culture
• The skateboard sub

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47+ Subculture Examples (Definition + Theories)

In the grand tapestry of human society, we often find comfort in belonging to a larger group. We may identify with our nationality, religious beliefs, or social class, among other things.

But have you ever felt like you also belong to a smaller, more specific group that shares your unique interests, values, or activities? That's where the fascinating world of subcultures comes into play.

A subculture is a group of people within a larger culture who share interests, beliefs, or activities that are different from those of the larger culture.

Think of it like a smaller group inside a big group. These subcultures can be based on anything from music and fashion to sports or religion. They have their own rules, lingo, and ways of doing things, but they're still part of the bigger culture they come from.

Ever wondered how punk rockers and goths differ, even though they both seem to love the color black? Or how digital nomads manage to work from the most exotic locations around the globe?

Buckle up, as we're about to dive deep into these captivating worlds. From the iconic to the obscure, from the United States to South Korea, we've got it all covered. Along the way, we'll also delve into theories that help explain why these subcultures exist and what they mean to their members.

The Importance of Subcultures

You might wonder, "Why should we care about subcultures?" Well, subcultures are more than just groups of people who like the same things. They play a big role in shaping who we are, how we see the world, and even how society changes over time. Let's break down some of the main reasons subcultures are important.

A Place to Belong: Feeling like you belong somewhere is super important for everyone, no matter how old you are. Subcultures give people a special place where they can fit in. For example, the "hippie" subculture of the 1960s in America gave people who questioned things like war and traditional social rules a place to belong.

Showcasing Creativity: Subcultures are often full of creative energy. Take the "Harajuku" style in Japan, which became famous around the late 1990s. In this subculture, people wear colorful, wild outfits that you won't see anywhere else. This creativity can even influence mainstream fashion and art.

Challenging the Status Quo: Some subcultures shake things up and make people think differently about big issues. The "punk" subculture that started in the late 1970s in places like the United Kingdom and the United States did just that. They used music and fashion to speak out against things they didn't agree with, like certain government actions or social issues.

Spreading New Ideas: Subcultures can be like testing grounds for new ideas. The "Silicon Valley" tech culture is a great example. Starting around the 1970s in California, USA, this group of tech-savvy folks have come up with inventions that changed the whole world, like smartphones and social media.

Connecting People Across the Globe: Thanks to the internet, some subcultures connect people from all over the world. Take "K-pop" fans as an example. What started as a music genre in South Korea has now spread worldwide. Fans from different countries can share their love for K-pop through social media, even if they've never met in person.

Preserving Traditions: Some subcultures help keep old traditions alive. In Native American communities, there are subcultures focused on preserving traditional practices and languages . This is super important for keeping their history and culture going strong.

Making Us Think: Finally, subcultures make us question what we know. They show us that there's not just one right way to live or think. They help us be more open-minded.

How Subcultures Form

Ever wondered how these cool or quirky groups called "subcultures" come to be? It's not like they pop up overnight. There are some key ingredients that help these special communities form. Let's dive into how subcultures take shape.

Shared Interests or Beliefs: The first step in forming a subculture usually comes from people having something in common. Maybe it's a type of music they all love, or maybe it's a cause they care deeply about. For example, the environmentalist subculture started to really grow in the 1970s in the United States when more people became worried about pollution and saving our planet.

A Feeling of Being Different: Sometimes people feel they're not quite like everyone else around them. This feeling can lead them to seek out others who are similar. That's how the "Goth" subculture started in the United Kingdom in the early 1980s. People who didn't fit into mainstream culture found a new place where they felt at home.

Need for Support: In some cases, subcultures form because people need emotional or even physical support. Think about the LGBTQ+ community, which has many subcultures within it. These spaces offer support and a sense of family for those who might not find it elsewhere.

A Spark or Trigger: Sometimes a big event or a new invention can act like a spark that lights up a subculture. The "Hacker" subculture became more known after the invention of the personal computer and the internet. Suddenly, people could explore a whole new digital world, and those interested in it became part of this subculture.

Leaders and Influencers: Often, strong leaders or influencers help to build and shape subcultures. Martin Luther King Jr. played a crucial role in the Civil Rights Movement, which had its own unique subculture focused on racial equality in America during the 1950s and 1960s.

Places and Spaces: The right place can also be a big factor. Take the "surfer" subculture in places like California, USA, and Australia. The beaches became the perfect spots for this community to grow and live out their passion.

Time and Evolution: Subcultures don't stay the same forever. They can change, mix with other groups, or even fade away. Remember the "disco" craze in the 1970s? It was a huge thing back then but has evolved and mixed with other music styles over time.

Subculture Theories

Each of these theories offers unique perspectives on why subcultures form and what roles they play in society. Understanding them can help us appreciate the richness and complexity of the subcultures we'll explore in this guide.

1) Strain Theory

Creator and origin.

The Strain Theory was primarily developed by American sociologist Robert K. Merton in the early 20th century, specifically in the 1930s and 1940s. Merton was working in the United States when he came up with this theory.

Main Points

Strain Theory suggests that society sets certain cultural goals and social expectations for its members. When individuals or groups are unable to achieve these goals through socially accepted means, they may experience strain or stress.

This emotional strain leads them to form or join subcultures where they can find an alternative set of norms and values that make them feel accepted and validated.

For instance, if society values financial success but not everyone has the opportunity to achieve it, those who can't may join subcultures that value other aspects of life, such as artistry or social activism.

Counter-Arguments

One of the criticisms of Strain Theory is that it might overly simplify human behavior by attributing subculture formation primarily to 'strain.' Critics argue that this ignores other complex factors, including personal choice and historical context.

Additionally, the theory is often critiqued for its focus on deviance and social discord, which may not be a prevalent characteristic in all subcultures.

2) Subcultural Theory

The Subcultural Theory has its roots in the Chicago School of sociology, particularly the work of researchers like Ernest Burgess and Robert E. Park in the early-to-mid 20th century. However, the theory gained significant attention through British sociologists like Albert Cohen and the Birmingham School in the 1970s.

Subcultural Theory claims that subcultures have their own set of norms, values, and practices that may differ significantly from the dominant culture.

The theory often emphasizes style, language, and rituals as ways in which subcultures express their differences. For example, the goth subculture has its own style of clothing (black), language (for instance, "baby bat" is what they call new members), and music that distinguishes it from mainstream culture (for instance, the band Bauhaus ).

A common criticism of Subcultural Theory is its tendency to stereotype or categorize individuals based on their belonging to a particular group. This can lead to oversimplification and may not account for individuals who belong to multiple or overlapping subcultures.

3) Post-subcultural Theory

Post-subcultural Theory emerged in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, primarily in academic circles . It is a critique and extension of traditional subcultural theories, and there is no single person credited with its formation.

The theory argues that the landscape of subcultures is ever-changing, influenced by things like globalization and digital technology.

It recognizes that individuals may participate in multiple subcultures simultaneously and that subcultures themselves can have sub-subcultures.

For instance, the online gaming community could be considered a post-subcultural group, as it includes various gaming genres and international players.

Critics say that Post-subcultural Theory might be too loose in its definitions, making it difficult to study or understand subcultures in a systematic way.

The very fluidity and adaptability the theory celebrates could make it challenging to establish boundaries or characteristics for a given subculture.

4) Resistance Theory

Resistance Theory came from multiple sources but is strongly linked to the works of cultural studies academics like Dick Hebdige and Stuart Hall, especially from the 1970s onward, working primarily in the United Kingdom.

Resistance Theory posits that subcultures offer a form of resistance or opposition to dominant cultural norms or political systems. They act as a space where members can challenge and critique societal expectations.

The punk subculture, for example, was initially a form of resistance against the political and social climates of the 1970s .

One of the main criticisms of Resistance Theory is that not all subcultures are about fighting the system. Some may simply be an expression of preference or lifestyle without any intention to challenge societal norms .

Subculture Examples

The hippie subculture emerged during the early 1960s in the United States, particularly around the San Francisco Bay Area. It gained fame for its opposition to the Vietnam War and its promotion of peace and love.

Influential people like Janis Joplin and Jimi Hendrix became icons, with the Woodstock Music Festival in 1969 serving as a pivotal moment for the movement.

Hippies were known for their laid-back lifestyle, embracing nature, and experimenting with new forms of spirituality. Many were vegetarians or vegans and preferred organic foods. Dressing in colorful, flowy clothing and wearing accessories like peace signs and flowers were common. They also enjoyed psychedelic, folk, and rock music.

The movement had its own media outlets like the “Whole Earth Catalog” that showcased their love for nature and DIY practices.

The goth subculture sprouted in the United Kingdom around the early 1980s, tied closely to the gothic rock scene.

Well-known bands in this subculture include Bauhaus and The Cure. The movie "The Crow" has also been a cult classic among Goths.

Members of this subculture are easily identified by their dark, mysterious, and complex aesthetic, often wearing predominantly black clothing, dark makeup, and sporting unusual hairstyles.

They have a penchant for literature and art that explores themes of existential despair, depression, and other deep emotional states. Some also engage in crafting, like making their own jewelry or clothing.

Originating in Japan in the 1980s, the Otaku subculture is focused around a deep love for anime and manga.

Popular series like "Naruto" and "Dragon Ball" are staples, and Hayao Miyazaki, co-founder of Studio Ghibli, is a significant figure in the community.

Otakus often collect action figures, posters, and other memorabilia of their favorite series or characters. Many also participate in cosplay, dressing up as their favorite characters during conventions.

Online forums and fan websites serve as their communal space where they discuss new releases, plot theories, and share fan-made content like art and stories.

The hip-hop subculture originated in the late 1970s within African American and Latino communities in the Bronx, New York City.

Icons in this subculture range from early figures like Grandmaster Flash to modern-day moguls like Jay-Z. Movies such as "8 Mile" starring Eminem have also popularized the culture.

More than just a musical genre, hip-hop encompasses various art forms including breakdancing and graffiti art. The subculture often tackles themes of identity, social issues, and the struggles and triumphs of life in the inner city. Fashion is also a major component, with styles ranging from baggy pants and oversized shirts to designer labels.

Skateboarding culture took off in California, USA, in the late 1950s and 1960s as an extension of surf culture.

Famous figures like Tony Hawk have brought mainstream attention to skateboarding, and movies such as "Lords of Dogtown" portray its history.

Skaters are dedicated to the art and sport of skateboarding, spending hours at skate parks or other urban areas practicing tricks. The fashion is practical yet distinctive, usually featuring durable and casual clothes like t-shirts, jeans, and skate shoes.

In addition to physical skating, the culture includes its own style of art, photography, and even language, with specific terms for tricks and skateboard components.

6. Punk Rockers

The punk subculture originated in the mid-1970s in the United States and the United Kingdom. It was more than just a music genre—it was a rebellion against mainstream society and its norms.

Iconic bands like The Sex Pistols and The Ramones served as the soundtrack for this movement.

In terms of fashion, punk rockers often wore ripped jeans, leather jackets, and had colorful mohawks or spiked hair. Some would create their own clothes using safety pins and patches.

The ethos of the punk movement was about challenging authority, embracing DIY ethics, and promoting individual freedom. Zines (short for "magazines") were a popular way punks spread their messages, and venues like CBGB in New York City became sacred spaces for them.

7. Beatniks

The Beatniks were a subculture that took shape in the 1950s in America, closely linked to the Beat Generation writers like Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg.

This group was known for its bohemian lifestyle and disdain for conventional society and materialism. They often gathered in coffeehouses and jazz clubs, discussing literature, philosophy, and social issues.

Dressing simply, often in black turtlenecks and berets, their minimalist style was a statement against consumer culture. They were also known for their unique spoken-word performances and experimental writing styles.

Rave culture started in the late 1980s in the United Kingdom, particularly linked to electronic dance music (EDM).

DJs like Paul Oakenfold and events like the Second Summer of Love in 1988-1989 are often cited as pivotal points in this subculture.

Ravers are known for their colorful, often extravagant outfits, covered in beads, glow sticks, and sometimes even stuffed animals.

The scene is heavily influenced by a sense of community and unity, often symbolized by the phrase PLUR (Peace, Love, Unity, Respect). Large rave events and music festivals are the main social gatherings, and some members are involved in creating light shows or dance routines.

9. K-pop Fans

Originating in South Korea but now a global phenomenon, the K-pop fan subculture is a dedicated community that revolves around Korean pop music.

Artists like BTS and BLACKPINK are some of the most well-known figures. Fans engage in activities like streaming music videos to break records, creating fan art, and even learning Korean to better understand the songs and shows.

Fashion is also an essential aspect, with many fans emulating the unique and often gender-fluid styles of their favorite idols.

10. Environmentalists

The environmentalist subculture really started to grow in the 1970s in the United States and spread globally.

Notable figures include Rachel Carson, author of "Silent Spring," which helped kickstart the modern environmental movement.

These individuals are passionately concerned about issues like climate change, conservation, and sustainable living.

Practices include recycling, composting, and engaging in activism to protect natural resources. They often read or produce literature and documentaries that focus on environmental issues, and some even adopt minimalist lifestyles to reduce waste.

11. Trekkies

Trekkies, or Trekker if you prefer, are fans of the science fiction series "Star Trek," which originally aired in the 1960s in the United States.

Icons of this subculture include Leonard Nimoy, who played Spock, and Gene Roddenberry, the creator of the series.

Trekkies are known for attending Star Trek conventions dressed as their favorite characters and engaging in deep discussions about the philosophical and ethical questions posed by the series. This subculture spans various generations and has inspired a rich trove of fan fiction, art, and even technical manuals for fictional starships.

12. Bronies

Bronies are adult fans of the animated TV show "My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic," which was intended for young children, particularly girls. Originating in the United States in the 2010s, this subculture took many by surprise.

While the show is the main focus, many bronies also engage in creating fan art, fan fiction, and music based on the series. They often meet at specialized Brony conventions, and some even engage in cosplay.

13. Juggalos

The Juggalos are fans of the band Insane Clown Posse, which originated in Detroit, Michigan, USA, in the 1990s. They're known for their passionate support of the band and their love for Faygo, a brand of soda. They wear face paint similar to that of the band members and have their own slang and hand signs.

The annual Gathering of the Juggalos serves as their main social event. Although often misunderstood, the Juggalos consider themselves a tight-knit community, bound together by their love for the band's music, which often deals with themes of poverty and class struggle.

14. Cybergoths

Cybergoths emerged in the late 1990s as a derivative of the traditional goth community. They blend elements of industrial music, rave culture, and goth aesthetics.

Originating in the United Kingdom, they are often spotted in neon dreadlocks, futuristic attire, and sometimes even wear gas masks. While they share the goth community's love for dark themes, they diverge in terms of fashion and music, often embracing electronic and industrial tunes.

15. Sneakerheads

Sneakerheads are individuals who are enthusiastic about collecting, trading, or admiring sneakers.

This subculture started growing in the United States in the late 1980s, especially with the release of Air Jordans. They follow sneaker release dates religiously and are willing to camp out in front of stores for limited editions.

Celebrities like Kanye West have even entered the space, designing their own line of sneakers. Websites, blogs, and forums act as gathering spaces where sneakerheads discuss upcoming releases, trends, and even the technology of sneakers.

16. Steampunk

Originating in the late 1980s, Steampunk is a subgenre of science fiction that incorporates technology and aesthetic designs inspired by 19th-century industrial steam-powered machinery.

This subculture gained popularity in the United States and United Kingdom and is often seen in literature, fashion, and even some DIY crafts. People in this subculture often dress in Victorian-era clothing but add modern, technological twists. Think goggles, gears, and airships! Events like the "Steampunk World's Fair" serve as gathering points.

17. Rockabilly

Rockabilly is both a musical genre and a subculture, inspired by 1950s rock and roll, most notably by artists like Elvis Presley and Johnny Cash.

Originating in the United States, Rockabilly culture also incorporates vintage fashion, usually from the 1940s and 1950s. Think high-waist skirts for women and grease-styled hair for men. Classic cars and pin-up art are also much admired within this community.

18. Body Modification Enthusiasts

This subculture is focused on altering the human body, often through tattoos, piercings, and sometimes more extreme measures like subdermal implants.

Though practices like tattooing have ancient origins, the modern subculture took shape in Western countries from the mid-20th century. Events like tattoo conventions serve as major gathering points, and magazines like "Inked" are popular reading material.

19. Metalheads

Fans of heavy metal music, commonly known as Metalheads, form a subculture that originated in the late 1960s and early 1970s in the United Kingdom and the United States with bands like Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin.

Metalheads are known for their distinctive look, often featuring long hair, black clothing, leather jackets, and band t-shirts. Concerts, or "gigs," serve as their primary social setting, and they often engage in headbanging as a form of dance.

20. Preppers

Also known as survivalists, Preppers are individuals who actively prepare for emergencies, ranging from natural disasters to apocalyptic scenarios.

Originating mainly in the United States, this subculture has grown especially with the rise of the internet, where information on survival tactics is readily shared. Preppers stockpile food, learn survivalist techniques, and often live by the motto "be prepared."

21. The Furry Fandom

Originating in the early 1980s in the United States, the Furry Fandom is a subculture interested in anthropomorphic animals—animals with human characteristics.

This community expresses itself through art, writing, and especially through "fursuiting," which is wearing full-body animal costumes. Events like Anthrocon serve as major social gatherings where furries can meet and share their passion.

22. The Maker Movement

Starting in the early 2000s in the United States, the Maker Movement celebrates DIY (Do-It-Yourself) crafting and technology.

This subculture loves to build things from the ground up, from simple crafts to complicated robots. Maker Faires are events where these DIYers can display their creations and share their knowledge.

23. Psychobilly

This unique blend of rockabilly and punk rock originated mainly in the UK in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

Psychobilly fans often wear a unique style that could include mohawks, tattoos, and vintage clothes. The music has a fast tempo and lyrics often inspired by horror themes.

24. Straight Edge

Born out of the hardcore punk community in the early 1980s in Washington, D.C., USA, the Straight Edge subculture focuses on abstaining from alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drugs.

Some also avoid casual dating or eating animal products. Bands like Minor Threat played a big role in shaping this movement. The "X" symbol is often used to mark this lifestyle.

25. CrossFit Community

CrossFit is a fitness regimen that gained popularity in the early 2000s in the United States. However, it quickly evolved into a subculture complete with its own jargon, social norms, and events like the CrossFit Games.

Members often forge a strong sense of community, supporting each other's fitness goals while adhering to a lifestyle that prioritizes health and strength.

The Vaping subculture emerged around 2010 as an alternative to traditional smoking, primarily in the United States.

Vapers are people who use e-cigarettes or other vaporizing devices. They often meet at vaping lounges to try out different flavors and discuss the technology behind vaping.

While critics argue about the health effects, vapers often see themselves as part of a healthier and trendier alternative to smoking.

27. Audiophiles

Audiophiles are enthusiasts of high-quality audio and have been around since the mid-20th century. Originating primarily in the United States and Europe, this subculture is dedicated to achieving the best sound quality possible in listening to music.

Members are often willing to invest in high-end equipment and will even debate over minute details like the quality of audio cables. Specialized audio shows serve as their primary social gatherings.

28. Cosplayers

Cosplay, short for "costume play," is a subculture where people dress up as characters from movies, books, or video games. It has roots in Japan but has become a global phenomenon.

Popular events include Comic-Con and various anime expos. The attention to detail in the costumes can be astounding, with some people spending months crafting their outfits.

29. Hikers and Mountaineers

The hiking and mountaineering subculture dates back to at least the 19th century and originated in Europe.

With famous figures like Sir Edmund Hillary, who was one of the first two men to reach Mount Everest's summit, this subculture is all about conquering natural obstacles. Members often engage in training, invest in specialized gear, and form clubs to undertake expeditions.

30. Van Life Community

Originating in the 1960s with the popularization of the Volkswagen Bus, the Van Life community has seen a resurgence in the 2010s, particularly in the United States.

People in this subculture choose to live, travel, and sometimes work out of their vans. Social media platforms, especially Instagram, are commonly used to share experiences and tips within this community.

31. Krumpers

Krumping is a street dance that originated in the African American communities of Los Angeles, USA, in the early 2000s.

This energetic dance form is a way for people to express their emotions and is often used as a form of spiritual and emotional release. Krumpers frequently participate in "battles" which are competitive but non-violent confrontations with other dancers.

32. Graffiti Artists

Graffiti as an art form has been around for centuries, but the modern graffiti subculture began in the 20th century in New York City.

It involves creating art in public spaces, usually without permission. While many people see graffiti as vandalism, others view it as a legitimate form of art and expression. Names like Banksy have even moved graffiti into mainstream art galleries.

33. Urban Explorers

Also known as "urbex," this subculture involves exploring man-made structures, usually abandoned ruins or places not usually seen by the public.

Originating in the late 20th century in North America and Europe, "urbexers" often document their explorations in photographs or videos. However, this practice is risky and often illegal, raising concerns about trespassing and safety.

34. Surfers

The modern surfing subculture originated in the early 20th century in Hawaii and California. Surfers are not just passionate about riding waves; they often embrace a laid-back lifestyle connected to the sea.

Events like the World Surf League offer professional surfers a platform, while films like "Endless Summer" have popularized the culture.

35. Parrotheads

This unique subculture consists of fans of singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett and originated in the United States.

Known for their tropical-themed parties and laid-back attitude, Parrotheads are active in community service and often raise money for charity through their events. They take their name from Buffett's song "Margaritaville," where a "parrot" is mentioned.

36. Foodies

The term "Foodie" started getting popular in the 1980s, mainly in the United States and the United Kingdom. Foodies are people who have a strong interest in food, both in its preparation and consumption.

They love trying new culinary experiences, attending food festivals, and are often found taking photos of their meals for social media. Celebrity chefs like Gordon Ramsay and TV shows like "Top Chef" have given this subculture more visibility.

37. E-Gamers

This subculture centers around competitive video gaming and originated in the late 1990s with the popularization of online games.

Originating mainly in South Korea and the United States, e-gamers often compete in large tournaments with massive audiences. Games like League of Legends and Fortnite have massive followings, and professional players can become celebrities in this subculture.

38. Tiny House Movement

Starting in the early 2000s in the United States, the Tiny House Movement is a social and architectural trend advocating living simply in small homes.

Members of this subculture prioritize minimalistic living and often build their own compact houses that are functional but much smaller than the average American home.

39. Witches and Wiccans

Although witchcraft and Wiccan practices have ancient roots, the modern subculture has been growing since the mid-20th century.

It is a religious and spiritual movement that incorporates the worship of the Goddess, nature rites, and often the practice of magic. Books like "The Witch Book" by Raymond Buckland and festivals like Pagan Pride Day contribute to its community aspects.

40. Lolitas

Originating from Japan, Lolita fashion is a subculture that involves wearing clothes inspired by the Victorian and Rococo eras.

This style has various sub-genres, including Gothic Lolita, Sweet Lolita, and Classic Lolita. The outfits often include frilly dresses, bonnets, and parasols. This subculture has worldwide popularity, and its followers participate in meetups and tea parties.

41. Rastafarians

Originating in Jamaica in the 1930s, the Rastafari movement blends religion, social consciousness, and Afrocentric ideology.

Followers, known as Rastafarians or Rastas, often wear dreadlocks and promote a back-to-nature lifestyle. Reggae music, particularly through artists like Bob Marley, has helped popularize this subculture worldwide.

42. Burners

Burners are participants in the Burning Man festival, which began in 1986 in the United States.

This annual event, held in Nevada's Black Rock Desert, brings together a unique mix of art installations, music, and alternative community-building. Self-expression and self-reliance are highly valued in this subculture.

43. Train Spotters

Often originating from the United Kingdom, train spotting is a hobby involving the observation and recording of train details.

Enthusiasts often gather at railway stations with notepads and cameras, documenting train models, schedules, and more. Publications and clubs exist to serve this community.

44. Urban Gardeners

This subculture is focused on cultivating plants in an urban environment and originated in various cities worldwide.

Urban Gardeners often use unconventional spaces like rooftops and balconies for their gardens. The movement aims to promote sustainability and community well-being.

45. Modern Nomads

Modern Nomads are individuals who choose a lifestyle that involves constant or frequent travel, often working remotely to sustain their way of life.

Originating in the digital age, members of this subculture can come from almost anywhere but are most prominent in Western countries.

46. Bike Couriers

Mostly found in large metropolitan cities worldwide, bike couriers, or "messengers," form a subculture centered around delivering packages on bicycles. Known for their skillful riding in busy urban environments, they often have their own slang, fashion, and social norms.

47. Yoga Enthusiasts

While Yoga is a physical and spiritual practice originating from India, a new subculture has emerged globally, particularly in Western countries.

This subculture revolves around the practice of yoga not just as exercise but also as a lifestyle that encompasses diet, mindfulness, and spirituality. Yoga practitioners often gather in yoga studios to practice in group yoga classes, and will often have international "retreats" where "yogis" will go for a week or a month or sometimes even longer to engage in yoga full-time.

Subcultures are like the many threads that make up the vibrant tapestry of human society. They offer people a space to express themselves, find community, and often, make a meaningful impact on the broader culture. From the music enthusiasts of K-Pop and Jazz to the lifestyle-centric folks like Van Lifers and Digital Nomads, each subculture brings a unique flavor to the world we live in.

Understanding subcultures isn't just a way to 'know more'; it's a pathway to better understanding the complexities of human life. Many of these groups form around fundamental human needs—like the need to belong, the need to be understood, or even the need to push conventional boundaries. They can offer solace, identity, and a place to call home—even if that 'home' is a virtual forum on the internet or a yearly gathering in a remote desert.

As society keeps evolving, so will the subcultures that spring from it. New forms of music, changes in politics, advancements in technology, and shifts in social attitudes will inevitably give rise to new subcultures. And as they emerge, they'll offer fresh perspectives that will continue to enrich our collective experience.

So the next time you stumble upon a group of people united by a shared passion or a unique way of life, take a moment to understand what makes them tick. Who knows? You might find a new community where you feel right at home.

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156 Subculture & Pop Culture Topics

Subcultures offer a fascinating lens to understand the diversity of people. With these subculture topics, you can explore the peculiarities of various popular groups and assess their impact on individuals and society. Study subcultures such as punk or hippie, gaining insights into their origins and contributions. Let’s find the best pop culture topics to write about!

🔝 TOP 7 Subculture Topics

🏆 best subculture topics, 🎧 popular culture topics, 👍 subculture essays – ideas & examples, 🎓 catchy subculture essay topics, 🌶️ hot subculture ideas to write about, ❓ questions for subculture essays.

• Why Are Fantasy Films so Popular?
• The Impact of Popular Culture on Body Image
• Exploring Popular Culture in Architecture
• The Influence of Popular Culture on Society
• Michael Jackson’s Influence on Pop Culture
• “Cultural Theory and Popular Culture” by John Storey
• The Impact of Popular Culture on Body Image in Women
• Subcultures and Reasons for Their Existence Subculture exists and remains successful for a long time because it is a society’s response to some flaw, and it remains until the problem is resolved.
• The History of Hip-Hop Culture This report, with help of secondary research, analyses the historical evolution of Hip Hop culture; hip-hop music, dance, art, culture, language, and fashion.
• Hip-Hop & Shakespeare: The TED Talk The TED Talk video with the British MC and hip-hop scholar Akala presented an exciting look at the legacy of William Shakespeare.
• Popular Culture’s and Fashion Industry’s Influences The popular culture influences particularly the youth. This paper creates awareness for the audience concerning the effects of the manufacturers’ advertisements.
• How Popular Culture Influences Morality in Society The article titled “Readers on Morality: Don’s Let TV Be Guide,” reveals much insight regarding what most content consumers feel about popular TV shows.
• The History of Punk Documentary Analysis In the documentary “History of Punk: Sound of Rebellion,” the punk subculture is explored from different angles, with the musical aspect given the most attention.
• The Impact of Technology on American Popular Culture in the 20th Century The work aims to examine how the development of technology influenced the popular culture of America in the twentieth century.
• Popular Culture via the Lens of Marxism, Postmodernism, and Psychoanalysis The purpose of this paper is to describe a popular culture through the lens of Marxism, Postmodernism, and Psychoanalysis.
• Hipster Subculture and Green Movement Counterculture This essay dwells on values, norms, beliefs, symbols, language as core components of a culture and on the comparison between the hipster subculture and the green movement counterculture.
• Afrofuturism as a Subculture: Key Issues Afrofuturism can be defined as a movement in literature, art, and culture. It is a subculture that seeks to highlight the plight of black people.
• Doctor Faustus in Popular Culture This paper examines the image of Doctor Faustus in popular culture, using the examples of the works by Christopher Marlowe and George Lucas.
• Pop Culture in America Pop culture is a multidimensional concept acting in many interpretations as the opposite of elitist types of cultures and is often replaced by the term mass culture.
• East-Indian Culture and Subcultures The East-Indian culture is rich in religious, lingual, traditional, musical, literary, and worldview-based varieties, which makes it a unique phenomenon worth cherishing.
• Punk Rock: Origins and Impact on Society Punk rock is one of those sub-genres that arose during the 1970s. Punk musicians developed a reputation for eschewing mainstream pop music’s trappings.
• Cars in Popular Culture and Mass Media The entirety of ideas, fancy images, attitudes, and perspectives within the cultural mainstream define what is known as popular (or pop) culture.
• K-Pop Music Genre Popularity Analysis K-Pop, or Korean pop, is a musical genre rapidly gaining popularity, which characterized by singing talents and brilliantly choreographed dances that demonstrate during performances.
• The Influence of Popular Culture on Society’s Perception of Wealth as Life’s Priority The modern world has long entered the era of technological advancement that broadened the scope of popular culture manifestations.
• Subculture and Employment in Sociological Theories The paper tests the hypothesis that prominent representatives of subcultures are less likely to be hired for a top-paying job than the general citizens.
• Interconnection in Popular Culture With globalization and commercialization of culture, every aspect of culture seems to be merged into one single realm.
• Functionalism and Other Theories of Popular Culture The theories of popular culture, functionalism, conflict theory, interactionalism, and Frankfurt school theory, play an essential role in the criticism of popular culture.
• Michael Jackson: Essay on His Influence on Music & Pop Culture Jackson has received a place in pop history as a pioneer and legend, which is why he will always be remembered as the King of Pop.
• The Influence of Social Media on Popular Culture.
• Celebrity Culture and Its Impact on Society.
• The Rise of K-Pop: Globalization and Cultural Influence.
• Memes as a Form of Popular Culture.
• Sports in Popular Culture: The Phenomenon of Superstar Athletes.
• The Role of Fashion in Shaping Popular Culture.
• Video Games: From Niche Hobby to Mainstream Pop Culture.
• Reality TV Shows and their Impact on Popular Culture.
• Comic Books and Graphic Novels: The Evolution of Popular Culture.
• Food Culture: The Fusion of Culinary Arts and Popularity.
• Film Franchises and Cinematic Universes: The Era of Blockbuster Culture.
• Popular Music Genres: Evolution and Impact on Society.
• Internet Subcultures: Exploring Online Communities and Trends.
• Dance and Pop Culture: From Breakdancing to TikTok.
• Art in Popular Culture: Street Art, Pop Art, and Beyond.
• Anime and Manga: The Global Popularity of Japanese Animation.
• Social Movements and Activism in Popular Culture.
• Gaming Influencers: The Rise of eSports and Streamers.
• Pop Culture and Advertising: The Power of Branding.
• Popular Culture and Gender Representation.
• Comic Con and Fan Conventions: Celebrating Pop Culture Fandom.
• Nostalgia in Popular Culture: Revivals and Reboots.
• Pop Culture Tourism: Exploring Film and TV Locations.
• Popular Culture and Cultural Appropriation: Appreciation vs. Appropriation.
• Tabloids and Gossip Magazines: The Fascination with Celebrity News.
• Culture and Evolution of Hip-Hop in South Korea Korean hip-hop, otherwise known as K-hip hop, is a subgenre of hip-hop music from South Korea. It is essential to establish the culture and evolution of hip-hop in South Korea.
• Pokémon Go Pop Culture Analysis Pokémon Go became one of the most popular games in the world right after its release in 2016. For a short time, the game became part of pop culture.
• Anderson’s “Code of the Street”: Subculture and Conflict Theories In “Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of The Inner City,” Anderson tries to put forward a fact in which the life of a gangster is culturally glamorized.
• Feminism and Sex in Hip-Hop Music Hip Hop music was introduced with the intention of combating poverty, racism, and violence that were prevalent in lower-income neighborhoods across the United States.
• Popular Culture and the Cold War Popular culture was strongly restricted. The Cold War had an immense influence on the lives of people since they were afraid to be considered communists.
• Gil Scott-Heron’s Influence on Modern Hip-Hop Music Scott-Heron was not only a godfather (literally) of hip-hop but also an enthusiastic soul and blues performer.
• The Emo and Goth Subcultures Comparison The paper at hand will attempt to compare the Emo and Goth subcultures. Both subcultures emerged in the 1970s on the basis of punk rock and quickly spread across the globe.
• Hip-Hop Evolution of Rap Movement This work explains the rapping element of Hip-Hop as it developed across time, how it has influenced the movement and changed over the years.
• The Link Between Pop Culture and Stereotypes The majority of movies in the military and action genre involved Russians as primary antagonists. Such films used the stereotypical version of Russians.
• Hip-Hop Musical Impact on the World Hip-hop culture has had a tremendous impact on the youth today than any other culture, for example, P Diddy and Jay Z have had a tremendous impact on the business world.
• How Popular Culture Can Promote the Idea of Sexual Assault in Society Popular culture, including articles, songs, videos, and other materials from influencers in social media and life, can promote the idea of sexual assault in society.
• The Link Between Subcultures and Ethnocentrism As globalization erodes borders and allows more open communication between individuals, ethnocentrism can more easily lead to conflict between people from different cultures.
• Anthropology: Hip Hop Culture in the US The history of Hip Hop generally defines numerous social and cultural aspects of music development in the USA.
• Subculture and Subcultural Capital Analysis of the Skinhead Subculture and explore the concept of subcultural capital as it affects this particular subculture.
• Resistance in Popular Culture In the 1970s, with the development of equal rights movement, popular music was enriched by a number of songs, which sought to de-construct androcentrism.
• Rapping as an Element of Hip Hop Culture Hip hop is one of the most famous subcultures that have been commercialized at the end of the twentieth century. Rapping is one of the key elements of classic hip hop culture.
• Popular Culture in “Inglourious Basterds” Film One of the most well-known and controversial movies about World War II, “Inglourious Basterds” by Quentin Tarantino, is densely packed with references to popular culture.
• Sneakerhead Subculture in the United States The annotated bibliography is on the Sneakerhead subculture, its social identity, brand preference, and the intersection of Sneakerhead culture and racism in the United States.
• Hip Hop’s Globalization and Influence of Hip-Hop Music in Japan This paper reviews the Southern Rap Songs era’s influence on hip-hop music development in Japan during the 20th century.
• “One Thousand and One Nights Stories” in Popular Culture There are a lot of today’s well-known movies which are based on the “One Thousand and One Nights Stories” book, especially Disney films.
• Pop Culture in Movies: How Far Can It Get? Pop culture is music, films, products etc. in a particular society that are familiar to and popular with most ordinary people in that society.
• Aspects of the American Pop Culture The paper states that the American film industry is one of the main components of the nation’s popular culture. It highlights the domains in the US.
• Einstein’s Impact on Science, Pop Culture, and Diversity Albert Einstein was chosen because he is one of the most recognized figures in science and pop culture and his name is well-known to people and children.
• Pop Culture in “The Godfather” by Coppola The Godfather film is a part of the pop culture because it is regularly cited as an inspiration by many filmmakers.
• Anime in Pop Culture: Art Review Anime as a form of art presented a new storytelling method. The link between cinema and anime is evident in the technology and storylines used.
• Hip-Hop and Violence: Does This Music Genre Promote Crime? It is hard to disagree that various types and directions of art are extremely powerful and can have a severe impact on the world and society.
• K-Pop Stans as a Threat to the President The paper describes how the tickets for the 2020 Donald Trump presidential campaign rally were sold out to a group of people that had no intention of coming.
• The Hip Hop Wars by T. Rose: A Book Review In The Hip Hop Wars, Rose (2008) criticizes hip-hop for perpetuating “black radicalism” through the hands of corporate idols.
• The Graffiti Subculture Mirrors the Functions of ‘Institutionalized Art’
• Conspiracist Subculture and Public Policy
• The Swinging Subculture Undressed
• Sweat and Iron: People in the Bodybuilding Subculture
• Analyzing Movement Into and Identity in the Gothic Subculture
• How Has Cell Phone Use Become a Subculture?
• Social Variables and Its Impact on Society and Subculture
• The Mentality and Rise of the Hipster Subculture Among Millenials
• Trainspotting: Japan’s Unique Visual Subculture
• Crime and Delinquency Subculture
• The Subculture Within the School Culture
• Biological Determinism, Subculture Crime, and Conflict
• The Ground Effects and Other Aspects of the Low-rider Subculture
• Hardcore Subculture and the Punk Subculture
• Criminal Justice Gangs and Gang Subculture
• Youth Subculture Sociology Class and Racism
• Black Female Gang Members and Their Criminal Subculture
• The Culture and Subculture of Gamers
• Amish Teenagers and Their Distinct Subculture
• Slang, Youth Subculture, and Rock Music
• Mekons: The Punk Rock Band and Its Artworks The paper states that rock and folklore music were not a perfect match, but the Mekons band, has made it work acoustically and ideologically.
• “The Star Trek” Film and Popular Culture This paper analyzes the book Star Trek and Popular Culture and analyzes the issues addressed such as Trump’s politics, civil rights, war, and gender inequality.
• Hip-Hop Music, Culture, and Technology in Society This essay presents the analysis of hip-hop music and culture in society by evaluating the gender representations, racial dynamism, and how technology has changed hip-hop culture.
• Hip-Hop Contribution to Forming Positive and Negative Worldviews Hip-hop contributes to forming both positive and negative worldviews and ideological attitudes in today’s youth, as it includes various issues of sexuality, gender, racism, etc.
• Missy Elliott’s Career and Queer Representation in Hip-Hop The discussion of gender stereotypes and queer representations in music is especially valid in the hip-hop genre which has been subjected to racial and gender limitations.
• Autoethnography: The Subculture of Sneakerheads The current project will focus on the subculture of sneakerheads, comment on why it exists, and explain how insiders and outsiders view it.
• Worldly Writing on Music: K-Pop Culture Music is an essential component in the socio-cultural mainframe of any community due to the trickle-down effect of influencing emotional connectivity despite diversity.
• Crack Selling Subculture in Chicago Northeastern Illinois is one of the biggest customer markets for unlawful cracks in the United States, and crack selling is frequently connected with rough wrongdoing in Chicago.
• Hip-Hop and Early African-American Music Parallel forms of hip-hop and early African-American music include, first of all, beatboxing which is a direct reference to the ethnic music of the indigenous tribes of Africa.
• Pop Culture and Serial Killer in Darkly Dreaming Dexter The essay compares and contrasts how the literary study could explore “Darkly Dreaming Dexter” differently than a film analysis could of the TV series.
• Popular Culture and Musical Success This project aims to establish the link between popular culture and marketing and promotion of an indie record label, Elusive Records.
• The Impact of Popular Culture on Racial Perceptions Dehumanization through the use of racial stereotypes in popular culture extends as far as labeling minorities “exotic.”
• Popular Culture: Artifacts, Icons and Myths Popular culture helps businesses to grow because they have to get what is trendy at any particular time in order to meet the people’s needs.
• Gender Representation in American Pop Culture The excerpt of the book “The Pop Culture Freaks” focuses on the representation of gender in American pop culture that is a powerful tool capable of impacting social tendencies.
• Hip-Hop in the Bronx and Link to Gentrification Hip-hop arose as a combination of protest and entertainment, and it has retained its effectiveness as a tool to fight against social and economic challenges.
• Pop Culture as a Potent Globalization Tool Pop culture popularizes different ideas and makes them familiar to people from various countries, which helps to minimize the number of misunderstandings.
• The Intersection of Hip-Hop, Sport, and Movies Hip-hop has become one of the best-known genres in the world. Although the focus of hip-hop is on music, it has influenced many other industries.
• Hip-Hop Influence on American Popular Culture The sphere of the hip-hop influence on American popular culture is constantly extending, involving new forces and new interpretations.
• Hip-Hop and Commercial Culture Relationship The relation between hip-hop and commercial culture may be viewed from the point of view of the aims they pursue and the differences and the social status of the cultural workers involved.
• Pop Culture: Developments, Recycling and Revitalizing Pop can be defined as the usual way of life of Americans. It refers to the popular culture that at least all Americans agree to.
• The American Skinhead, and Greenpeace: Humanitarians or Terrorists The Greenpeace and American Skinhead movements have come to attract a lot of controversies in regard to their intentions and legality of action.
• Popular Culture: Native American Communities BBC and Reuters, the Times, and the Look portray that low-class location prevents many Native Americans to obtain social respect and opportunities available for the white majority.
• American Popular Culture and Globalization Effects The ubiquity of wealth-concentrated American popular culture in the lives of modern people threatens the generally accepted system of values and causes adverse shifts in it.
• Pop Culture, Entertainment and Media Representation This paper reviews three articles: Medhurst’s “Batman, Deviance, and Camp,” McBride and Bird’s “From Smart Fan to Backyard Wrestler,” and Kidd’s “Methodology Moment.”
• Rhetoric in “Pop Can: Popular Culture in Canada” The way words are presented has a huge influence on the manner readers will get the intended message while interpreting aspects such as logic, emotions, etc.
• Subcultures in “Smells Like Teen Spirit” by Ryan Moore In the “Smells Like Teen Spirit,” Ryan Moore, the author examines how youth subcultures reflect the political, cultural, and economic development of American society.
• Gangstagrass: Bluegrass and Hip-Hop Music Band Gangstagrass band uses the culture reflected in both music genres like bluegrass and hip-hop to bring them together in their lyrics.
• Female Pop-Culture in “Where the Girls Are” by Douglas In “Where the Girls Are”, Susan J. Douglas analyzes the state of the media in the 1960-1970s. She describes and explains the female pop-culture images of the time.
• Evolution of Pop Music – Hip-Hop Genre The ever-expanding audience of the hip-hop culture has raised the question of the authentic rap music in the market. Hip-hop gained mainstream interest and popularity since the nineties.
• Popular Culture: Introductory Perspectives Population culture includes all the aspects of life that we live by. Popular culture helps businesses to grow because they have to get what is trendy at to meet the people’s needs.
• How Are Youth Subcultures Formed?
• What Are the Different Types of Subcultures?
• Are Millennials Considered a Subculture?
• What Are the Subcultures in School?
• How Does Subculture Influence Human Behavior?
• What Is the Difference Between Youth Culture and Youth Subculture?
• Are Fans Considered a Subculture?
• How Are Subculture and Counterculture Interrelated?
• What Is the Purpose of a Subculture?
• How Does Subculture Affect Education?
• What Is the Relationship Between Subculture and Culture?
• How Is Subculture Helping Social Change?
• What Are the Key Elements of Subculture?
• Is a Soldier in the US Army a Subculture?
• How Does Subculture Influence Identity?
• What Are the Negative Impacts of a Youth Subculture?
• How Can You Identify a Subculture?
• Why Are Subcultures Important to Society?
• What Subcultures Have Emerged From Today’s Generation?
• Is Youth Culture a Thing of the Past?
• What Was the Last Subculture?
• Is Gaming a Subculture or Culture?
• What Are the Major Subcultures in the US?
• How Are Subculture and Counterculture Similar?
• What Makes a Culture a Subculture?

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These essay examples and topics on Subculture were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 20, 2024 .

21 Best Subculture Examples (A to Z List) – Youth & Music!

Subcultures are cultural groups that represent the marginalized and minority cultures. It’s not often you see them in dominant mass media discourse, and when you see them they’re often shown in stereotypical manners.

Examples of subcultures include the hippies, hipsters, cosplay, hip hop, punks, emos, and goths.

Subcultures are also usually associated with youth and often seen with some degree of suspicion by older people. A subculture may also become the popular culture if it becomes more mainstream, or counterculture if it becomes seen as being oppositional or defiant to the mainstream culture of the day.

Below is an in-exhaustive list of subcultures.

Examples of Youth Subcultures

Hippies were one of the most powerful countercultures of the 20th Century. They started in the mid- 1960s in the Unites States as a youth subculture characterized by free love, utopian socialism, sexual revolution and psychedelic art and music. The movement peaked in the 1969 Summer of Love and subsided by the mid 70s. They were also strongly against the Vietnam war.

Hackers are a new media subculture built around gaining access to hidden corners of the internet and suppressed online data. Hackers embark on ‘hackathons’ where they work together on multi-hour sprints to develop ways to hack into networks. They exist upon a spectrum of illegal hackers gaining data for nefarious means, through to hackers working for companies or governments to stress test security software. 

New age spirituality emerged as a spiritual and religious subculture in the 1970s. It is highly eclectic without a central unifying doctrine. However, it is often characterized by a holistic understanding of divinity (similar to pantheism) and belief in the ability to communicate with angels and the afterlife.

4. Surf Culture

Surf culture existed as a small sub-culture throughout the 20th Century, but boomed in the 1960s in Southern California. It is often associated with a ‘chilled out’ approach to life, love of the surf and sun and 1960s beach music. There are sub-sets of this cultural grouping, such as big wave surfers and ocean environmentalism. A common trope in surf culture is territorialism, with surfers laying claim to certain surf breaks as their own. This culture is also visible in Hawaii and Australia.

5. Ski Bums

Similar to surf culture, ski bum culture is predominantly found in the Alps in Europe and Rockies in North America. This culture is also characterized by a laid-back approach to life, and has its own fashion and lingo (‘gnarly dude’). Ski bums and surfer culture overlap, with the cultures dovetailing between winter and summer months. Some ski bums also follow the snow between the northern and southern hemispheres, chasing the “endless winter”.

6. Hipsters

Hipsters were a sub-culture in the 1940s, but made a resurgence in the early 21st Century. It is characterized by counter-cultural fashion, including wearing clothing and stylings ironically. Full beards, twirled mustaches, big glasses, bicylces and skinny jeans are common. While intended to be counter-cultural, the fashion is derided for its internal consistency and conformism, and was quickly co-opted into the fashion mainstream of the 2010s. The term ‘hipster’ is often pejorative, and rarely used by hipsters themselves.

7. Cosplayers

The portmanteau of ‘costume play’ , cosplayers are a sub-cultural group of nerds and geeks who gather in dress up costumes that mimic their favorite comic book, cartoon and film characters. Cosplay events such as Comicon are world-wide annual celebrations of this subculture.

8. Steampunk

Steampunk is associated with art, fashion and literature that is retrofuturistic. The fashion combines Victorian and industrial era iconography such as gears and steam powered machinery with futuristic science fiction. Steampunk films include The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen , The Golden Compass and Wild Wild West . Steampunk has significant overlaps with cosplay due to the strong fan dress-up culture.

9. Graffiti Artists

Graffiti subculture is an underground counterculture with eclectic members. It ranges from gangs making their marks on public infrastructure to lay claim to territory, through to legitimized graffiti art commissioned by councils and landowners. Graffiti art can range from simple ‘tags’ spray painted in public spaces as a conquest and sign of rebellion, through to political art such as the famous wall art in Medellin’s Communa 13 in Colombia.

LGBTQI and ‘queer culture’ is a sub-culture characterized by the non-heteronormative sexuality of its members. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, questioning and 2-Spirit sexualities (in Indigenous North American culture) are central to the movement. This subculture has gained significant legitimacy and recognition in law in recent years, and has a significant political sub-set that advocate for the rights of its members. Culturally, many people in this culture congregate in gay and drag clubs, and even have their own rainbow flag as the emblem of the sub-culture’s pride.

11. Skaters

Skaters (skateboarders) are a sub-cultural group who gather around love of the sport of skateboarding. It grew throughout the second half of the 20th Century and was particularly strong in the 1980s. There are two overlapping sub-groups: vert and street. Street skaters embrace skating in public urban areas, using the street landscape to do tricks. Vert skaters started with skating in empty pools, with Tony Hawk revolutionizing vert by launching off the lip of pools to gain ‘air’. Vert is now commonly associated with skating on halfpipes.

12. Beat Generation

The beat generation was a literary movement of the 1950s that widely influenced subsequent culture and music in the 20th Century. Known as the beatniks, they created beat poetry and the free-flowing literary style evident in Allan Ginsberg’s poem  Howl and Jack Kerouac’s book On the Road . Common themes in their work were pseudo-intellectualism and existentialism . Moral panic surrounded their sympathy for communism, with the term ‘beatnik’ being a portmanteau of ‘beat generation’ and ‘Sputnik’, a reference to the Soviet Union’s satellite.

Worth Knowing: Sociological Definition of Culture

Examples of Music Subcultures

Goths are a music subculture that originated in the UK in the 1980s. Its group members embrace post-punk Gothic rock from bands like Bauhaus and Joy Division. Their fashion includes all-black clothing, dark eyeliner, pale face blush, black nail polish, and androgynous dress.

Punk rock was one of the most influential youth music subcultures in the 20th Century. Born in the 1970s, the original wave of punk rock only lasted a few years, but has influenced many subsequent subcultures hoping to embrace the passion and creativity of punk rock. Punk bands like The Clash, The Sex Pistols and The Ramones introduced music with a rapid-fire driven beat. The subculture was strongly anti-corporatism, against ‘selling out’ to music labels, and even embraced anarchism . Punks wore leather jackets, Dr. Martens boots and spiked colorful mohawks. Subsequent waves of punk rock never matched the original wave, but gave rise to several worldwide supergroups including Blink 182 and Green Day.

Mods were a British sub-culture in the 1950s and 1960s who garnered their name because they coalesced around modern jazz music. Their fashion was dominantly characterized by tailor-made suits. They also embraced Vespa motorized scooters into the culture. They were made famous for their violent clashes with rockers in the UK, leading youth subculture theorist Stanley Cohen to theorize the concept of ‘Moral Panic’, explaining society’s exaggerated fear of youth subcultures. A break-off working class group of Mods eventually created the Skinheads subculture.

16. Skinheads

Skinheads were a working-class British subculture of the 1960s who fraternized with the middle-class Mods but split off to create their own sub-culture in opposition to both the middle-class values of the Mods and free love mentality of the hippies. They primarily defined themselves by their embrace of British working-class culture. While originally apolitical and mostly united around social class groupings as well as and ska, R&B and Reggae music, some skinheads broke off to create far-right neo Nazi groupings. Many skinheads reject this political association.

Grunge was a west-coast subculture which emerged mainly out of Seattle in the late 1980s and early 1990s (it is often referred to as Seattle Sound). Their music was a hybrid of metal and punk. Key bands include Nirvana, Pearl Jam and the Stone Temple Pilots. Their music is characterized by guitar distortion, and the undisputed anthem of grunge music is the song Smells Like Teen Spirit , which encompassed the quintessential grunge mood of the early 1990s. Critics of grunge claim it is emblematic of the narcissism of privileged and bored white middle-class youth during an era of American prosperity.

18. Hip Hop

Hip-hop is a subculture that emerged in the mid-1970s in The Bronx, NY. Its members are primarily Black, Caribbean and Latino American youth. Key activities include disc-jockeying, breakdancing and rapping, but many members also identify with the graffiti artist subculture. The ‘golden age of hip hop’ spanned 1987 – 1996, and saw the rise of key artists from the genre including Public Enemy, NWA, Tupac and The Notorious B.I.G. Much of the music explores Black poverty, gang affiliation and police violence against people of color in areas of the US such as the Bronx and Crompton.

19. Drum and Bass

D’n’B is a musical subculture that grew in the 1990s with a strong focus on electronic music, fast back beats and heavy bass. Influenced by Jamaican dub music and reggae, D’n’B was very popular in Northern Europe and is celebrated for leading the way in electronic music, strongly influencing subsequent music styles like EDM and progressive house music.

Emos were a music subculture of the early 2000s known for melancholic music designed to empathize with teen angst. Shortened from ’emotional music’, Emos gathered inspiration from pop punk and gothic rock music. They’re identifiable by their all-black outfits, black died mid-length hair swept over their faces, skinny jeans, and gauge earrings. Central bands from the movement include Simple Plan, Jimmy Eat World, My Chemical Romance and Weezer.

Shortened from ‘Korean Pop’, K-Pop was a subculture that became a predominant cultural identification among Korean youth, although its influence is global. Upbeat pop and hiphop music, its most globally recognizable song is Gangnam Style . Fashion from this sub-culture includes sporty street wear, bandanas and hip-hop outfits.

Related: A List of Taboos in Different Cultures

What are some Ethnic Subculture Examples?

Ethnic subcultures are subcultures that are specific to a minority ethnic group within a society.

Three ethnic subcultures are:

• Reggae (Caribbean subculture)
• Hip-Hop (African-American subculture)
• Bollywood (Indian diaspora subculture)

An example of an ethnic subculture is Bollywood culture in the USA. While it’s not dominant, Bollywood movies are still celebrated, watched, and even produced by the Indian diaspora in the USA.

Similarly, rap and hip-hop are ethnic subcultures because they’re primarily celebrated by African-Americans. While there are some white rappers and hip-hop artists, the subculture was created and continues to be dominantly celebrated by African-Americans.

Reggae music is another example of an ethnic subculture. Reggae is predominantly enjoyed by people of Caribbean descent, although its music has also been popularized by major artists like Bob Marley.

What are some American Subculture Examples?

America has countless subcultures due to the size of the melting pot nation. Some examples of American subcultures include hip-hop (African-American), Hippies (Oregon / California), Redneck (Southern), and Grunge (Seattle Sound).

What’s the Difference Between Subculture and Counterculture?

Countercultures are a specific type of culture defined in opposition or as an alternative to dominant ways of life. Counter-cultural groups often seek broad social change in ways that subcultures do not.

See here for specific examples of countercultures .

Throughout the last 50 – 70 years, subcultures and countercultures have also been looked upon with suspicion.

Societies often experience “ moral panic ” when a sub- or counter- culture becomes prominent. Adults often fear their children will be tempted to join their ranks, while the subcultures themselves often challenge dominant ideas of youth , masculinity, femininity, social class and political ideology .

What’s the Difference Between Subculture and Pop Culture?

Pop culture is the dominant culture in a society designed to appeal to the masses. Subcultures are cultures that exist within a society but are not dominant. Examples of pop culture include 1990s sit-coms, pop punk music of the 1990s, popular fashion trends, and Top 40 music styles. These were the dominant cultural tropes of their times.

Read Next: Culture vs Society (What’s the Difference?)

Conclusion – List of Subcultures

This list of subcultures is just a small example of the endless potential subcultures list one could create. I have attempted to present here a few highly influential subcultures of the past 100 years. It is interesting to note that each subculture is a renewal and re-imagining of previous subcultures, where new surges of creative energy and fusions creates a new outlet for personal expression. Each subculture is an expression of generational concerns – cultural, social, economic and political – and often emerges out of the contexts of the time.

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 5 Top Tips for Succeeding at University
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 50 Durable Goods Examples
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 100 Consumer Goods Examples
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 30 Globalization Pros and Cons

2 thoughts on “21 Best Subculture Examples (A to Z List) – Youth & Music!”

You left out one of the very first Subcultures ever, you might want to Google Teddy Boys, we have been around since the late 40s early 50s and we are still about today, I happen to be a Teddy Boy and have been since 1975, you should put us at the top of your list and move the others down, we have a recorded history all over the internet, we identify as Teds because of the clothes we wear, and the way we style our hair, we were around before 1950s Rock`n`Roll hit the shores of England, but we took 1950s Rock`n`Roll as our own music, and its been like that ever since, we have outlasted most of the other groups you have mentioned, we fought both the punks and skinheads in the 70s and 80s, there were always mass battles on the south coast of England and in and around London and other parts of the country, if you Google Teddy Boys you will see who and what we are..

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A List of 185 Interesting Cultural Topics to Write About

Culture is a set of knowledge, behaviors, and beliefs shared by a group of people. You would probably agree that it’s an integral part of humanity. It’s no wonder that students are often assigned to write about it.

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That’s why we came up with a list of interesting and creative culture essay topics. Whether you are writing a research paper, an essay, or a speech, our list of culture topics is for you. You can find various topics from popular culture and funny aspects of culture to cultural diversity. They will be useful for middle school, high school, and college students.

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• 🔝 Top 10 Topics
• 🏺 Western Culture Topics
• 📚✍️ Cultural Criticism
• 🎥 Cultural Phenomena
• 🧔👓 Subculture Topics
• 🧑🤝🧑 Socio-Cultural Topics
• ⛩️🕌 Cultural Diversity
• 👥 Cultural Anthropology

🔝 Top 10 Cultural Topics

• What causes culture shock?
• Cultural appropriation in fashion
• The Cold War’s impact on culture
• Women’s role in Italian culture
• Global impact of American culture
• How to preserve cultural diversity
• Pros and cons of cultural globalization
• Cultural differences in East Asian countries
• How do people assimilate into a foreign culture?
• Cultural background’s effect on one’s personality

🏺 Western Culture Topics to Write About

Much of today’s culture takes roots in the Western world. With this subject, the possibilities are endless! You can write about ancient civilizations or modern European culture. Sounds interesting? Then have a look at these topics:

• Write about a Greek myth of your choice.
• Research the history of the ancient Roman theater.
• Pick a Greek philosopher and describe their legacy.
• The heritage of the Roman Empire in the modern world.
• Discover the history of the Olympic Games .
• How did Christianity spread throughout Europe?
• The architecture of ancient Britain.

• How did the Great Plague influence western culture?
• Write about the key Renaissance artists .
• How did humanism emerge in British culture?
• Pick a European country and analyze how its traditions developed.
• The impact of the Renaissance on Europe’s worldview.
• Research the latest archeological discoveries of western civilization .
• How did the Protestant Reformation influence German culture?
• The legacy of the Renaissance artworks.
• What was the effect of the 1848 revolution on art?
• The role of scientific discoveries in Europe’s socio-cultural formation.
• Analyze the influence of colonization of African culture.
• Describe the highlights of the Enlightenment period .
• How did Brexit affect the British lifestyle?
• Did the American Revolution bring change in culture?
• What attitude does Poland have about their World War II heritage?
• How did the technological revolution impact everyday life in Europe?
• The influence of World War I on French culture.
• Write about European fashion during a specific period.

📚✍️ Cultural Criticism Essay Topics

Cultural criticism looks at texts, music, and artworks through the lens of culture. This type of analysis suggests that culture gives an artwork a specific meaning. The following topics will guide you towards an excellent critical essay:

• Analyze the cultural aspects of your favorite novel.
• Ethnicity in Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates .
• What’s the meaning of financial stability in The Great Gatsby ?
• Discover social changes in Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind .
• The effect of industrialization in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath .
• The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and its context.
• Representation of race in Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison .
• Note the cultural features of The Hundred-Foot Journey by Richard C. Morais.
• Write about the main character’s mindset in The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini .
• What are the main character’s values in A Bronx Tale ?
• Hispanic customs in The Tortilla Curtain by T. C. Boyle.
• Discover cultural clashes in Fury by Salman Rushdie.
• Pick a movie and analyze the cultural impact on your perception of the plot.
• Discuss the beliefs of white women in The Help .
• Does the movie My Big Fat Greek Wedding portray Greek-American culture correctly?
• How did the background story in Slumdog Millionaire change your perception of the main character?
• What’s the meaning of gender in Bend It Like Beckham ?
• Far and Away : integration into a new society.
• Pick a painting and analyze its cultural background.

• Compare depictions of Christ from different continents.
• Discover the context of Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People .
• What’s the context of Punjabi Ladies Near a Village Well ?
• Discuss the symbolism of Girl with a Pearl Earring .
• Write about social roles based on Homer among the Greeks by Gustav Jäger.
• Select a song and analyze how culture is reflected in the lyrics.

🎥 Cultural Phenomena Topics for an Essay

Cultural phenomena refer to developing certain beliefs or preferences among many people. It is also called the bandwagon effect . Keep in mind that the fact of something becoming popular is not a phenomenon. This notion is more concerned with the process of gaining fame than with fame itself. Take a look at these helpful topic ideas for your paper:

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• Describe any cultural phenomenon in your area.
• Reasons why TikTok gained popularity in the U.S.
• How did the Pokemon Go! fad spread across the world?
• Analyze the percentage of people worldwide who like McDonald’s .
• What factors made “the dab” popular?
• Can the bandwagon effect explain bullying ?
• Discover cross-cultural fashion trends.
• Does social media facilitate cultural phenomena?
• Pick a celebrity and analyze their fanbase.
• How can you explain the high demand for Apple products?
• What made sitcoms popular?
• Write about Thanksgiving celebrations outside the U.S.
• Reasons why famous authors from the past remain influential.
• Does effective marketing cause the bandwagon effect?
• Discuss the tendency to follow trends for social acceptance.
• Choose a classic movie and analyze its popularity.
• Examine similar TV talent shows across nations.
• Discover why some dishes are considered “America’s favorite.”
• Explore the psychological side of cultural phenomena.
• List criteria needed for becoming a famous musician.
• Analyze the bandwagon effect in history.
• Why was holocaust normalized in some nations?
• Explain why Nike products are popular all over the world.
• Did the bandwagon effect play a part in the Renaissance?
• Can the spread of religious beliefs be called a cultural phenomenon?

🧔👓 Subculture Topics for an Essay

The term “subculture” means “a culture within a culture.” In other words, it’s a smaller group, inside a larger one, with its own beliefs and interests. You can write about a specific subculture or discover why such groups form. Feel free to use these essay topics:

• Write about the athletic community.
• Are marketing strategies aimed at subcultures effective?
• Why is the deviation from social norms considered dangerous?
• What makes the Amish stand out?
• Can a subculture serve as a basis for a culture?
• Does the U.S. benefit from cybersport?

• Tell about a social group that you’re a part of.
• Clothes as an identifier of a subculture.
• Pick a religious organization and describe it.
• Why did the anime community grow worldwide?
• Explain why some subcultures are considered dangerous.
• How do social groups emerge?
• Should parents encourage children to join an interest group ?
• Describe the way people develop mutual beliefs cross-culturally.
• How does social media influence one’s lifestyle?
• Which interest group does your family belong to?
• Do subcultures benefit society?
• Analyze the Social Disorganization Theory concerning subcultures.
• How did hipsters influence global fashion trends?
• What are the requirements for becoming a skater?
• Discover the history and lifestyle of Goths .
• What is the basis of scumbro culture?
• Belonging to an interest group as a healthy social practice.
• What are the most popular subcultures amongst generation Z ?
• Discuss the importance of the hairstyle for subcultures.

🧑🤝🧑 Socio-Cultural Essay Topics

Let’s break the word “socio-cultural” in two parts. Social aspects include people, their roles, and available resources. Cultural factors refer to language, laws, religion, and values. Therefore, socio-cultural issues revolve around the unique design of a specific culture. Here are some topic ideas on this subject that you might find helpful.

• Describe the social stigma attached to single mothers .
• What pushes the elderly to the edge of poverty?
• Do marketing strategies vary from country to country?
• Is receiving psychological assistance culturally accepted in developing countries?
• Can art be misunderstood because of the socio-cultural context?
• Compare the average wage in the U.S. and the country of your choice.
• Does the increased use of technology in schools affect society?
• What factors push Americans to abuse drugs ?
• Which socio-cultural aspects make drunkenness acceptable?
• Describe the social environment in a country that legalizes slavery .
• Why do Christians get persecuted in some countries?
• How does information overload impact modern teenagers?
• Is child abuse justified outside the U.S.?
• Does technology affect the emotional maturity of children?
• Free education in Europe: pros and cons.
• Prove that the U.S. healthcare system should help the homeless.
• How often does cyberbullying occur worldwide?
• What does successful life mean for a third world country citizen?
• Does globalization put the national identity in danger?
• The importance of developing cultural sensitivity .
• Write about various religions in America .

• Discuss the correlation between the economic level and crime rates .
• Manifestations of ethical egoism in modern society.
• Cross-cultural missionary work: pros and cons.
• Does social stigma towards HIV contribute to its spread?

⛩️🕌 Cultural Diversity Topics for an Essay

America is one of the most diverse nations in the world. Each culture has its language, customs, and other factors that enrich a country like the U.S. The life of a culturally diverse community has its advantages and challenges. In your paper, unpack one of the aspects of such an environment. Take a look at these essay topics:

• Discuss ethnic groups within the U.S. which have the highest suicide rate .
• Is it essential for American psychologists to develop cultural competence ?
• Describe the basic principles of cultural respect.
• Prove that racism should not be tolerated.
• Does the American education system embrace ethnic minorities?
• Analyze the benefit of ethnic inclusiveness for the U.S. food industry .
• How can managers encourage a multiethnic environment in the workplace?
• White about the challenges of second-generation Americans.
• Should the term “ immigrant ” be banned?
• Discuss the advantages of the U.S. as a multicultural nation.
• Prove that the English language proficiency test shouldn’t be required for U.S. citizenship.
• What is the effect of prejudice against ethnic minorities?
• How does diversity find a place in American traditions ?
• Describe the culture shock experience of an international student.
• Is transracial adoption becoming more common in the U.S.?
• What is cultural narcissism, and how can you avoid it?
• Effective strategies for conflict resolution in a diverse environment .
• What multiculturalism policies currently exist in the U.S.?
• Analyze the heritage of a specific nation.
• Should learning a second language be mandatory in America?
• What are the stereotypes associated with different ethnicities?
• Describe the benefits of ethnic diversity.
• Write about the widespread interracial marriages in the U.S.
• How can one avoid cultural ignorance?
• Are the Americans guilty of ethnocentrism ?

👥 Cultural Anthropology Topics for a Paper

Cultural anthropology is a study of beliefs, practices, and social organization of a group. The shaping of ideas and the physical environment are in the focus of this study. In other words, anthropology discovers why people live the way they do. This list will help narrow down your attention on this subject.

• Why are social networks commonly used in the U.S.?
• Explain the popularity of online shopping worldwide.
• Will e-books replace paper books in developed countries?
• Artificial intelligence technologies in Japan.
• Pick two American states and compare their laws.
• Why is cycling so prevalent in the Netherlands?
• How architecture reflects a nation’s history.
• Why is it easier to receive citizenship in some countries than in others?
• Explain why Americans have a strong sense of national pride.
• Analyze the perception of time in tropical countries.
• Are most Swiss households wealthy?
• Discover how language reflects a cultural worldview.
• Does the country’s economy affect the self-esteem of its citizens?
• Reasons for the political division in the U.S.
• Analyze the difference in lifestyles between the Northern and the Southern states .
• Why is it common in some countries to be bilingual ?
• Analyze the cultural values of a communistic nation.
• How can liberalism affect the education system?
• What’s the social meaning of disease in third world countries?
• Examine how the two-child policy affects the Chinese lifestyle.
• Free health care: pros and cons.
• Write about the way the former Soviet Union countries transitioned from communism.
• Do Christian traditions vary from culture to culture?
• Analyze the impact of refugee presence in European countries.
• Does traditional food reflect the history of a nation?

We hope you were able to pick a culture topic for your paper after reading this article.

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Good luck with your assignment on culture!

Further reading:

• 497 Interesting History Topics to Research
• 137 Social Studies Topics for Your Research Project
• 512 Research Topics on HumSS (Humanities & Social Sciences)
• How to Write an Art Critique: Examples and Simple Techniques
• 430 Philosophy Topics & Questions for Your Essay
• 267 Hottest Fashion Topics to Write About in 2024

🔍 References

• So You’re an American?: State.gov
• A Brief History of Western Culture: Khan Academy
• What Exactly is “Western Culture”?: University of California, Santa Barbara
• What is Cultural Criticism?: University of Saskatchewan
• What is a Subculture?: Grinnell College
• Socio-Cultural Factors and International Competitiveness: ResearchGate
• Cultural Diversity: Definition & Meaning: Purdue Global
• What Is Cultural Anthropology?: US National Park Service
• Cultural Anthropology: Encyclopedia Britannica
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612 Culture Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

If you are writing a culture essay, topics are easy to find. However, their abundance can quickly become overwhelming – so we prepared this handy list of culture title ideas, along with writing tips and examples.

🤫 Culture Essays: Topics and Writing Tips

🏆 best culture topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics about culture, 🎓 simple & easy culture title ideas, 📌 cultural topics and writing prompts, 🥇 most interesting culture topics to write about, ❓ research questions about culture.

Describing culture is a challenging task. You have probably stumbled across the concept if you study sociology, media, or a variety of other subjects. There are many cultural differences across the Earth. Each nation, community, and subgroup of people have its own values, vocabulary, and customs. In the 21st century, we can document and share them thanks to cross-cultural communication.

Since there is an almost infinite number of things to consider about this broad topic, our team has collected 582 topics about culture. Check them out on this page!

Culture essays present excellent opportunities for conducting extensive research. They allow students to analyze acute global problems and investigate the topic of diversity, customs, and traditions, as well as the significance of individuals’ cultural backgrounds. You can choose one of the many topics for your culture essay. You can find culture essay ideas online or ask your professor.

We suggest the following culture essay topics and titles:

• The significance of cultural identity in an individual
• Culture as a political instrument in the modern world
• The differences between the Eastern and the Western culture
• The role of culture in people from mixed origins
• The impact of religious views on culture
• Cultural diversity in the workplace
• Are there similarities among different cultures?
• The link between culture and gender roles

After selecting culture essay questions for discussion, you can start working on your paper. Here are some secrets of the powerful paper on the topic:

• Conduct preliminary research on the selected issue. Remember that you should find as much relevant information as possible while presenting a multifaceted perspective on the issue. Ask your professor about the sources you can use and stick to the instructions. Avoid using personal blogs or Wikipedia as the primary sources of information. Do not make a statement if you cannot support it with evidence.
• If you are writing a paper about a particular culture, think about whether you can talk to someone coming from this background. Such an approach can help you to include all the relevant information in your paper and avoid possible crucial mistakes.
• Remember that a well-organized culture essay outline is key for your paper. Think of the main points you want to discuss and decide how you structure your paper. Remember that each topic or subtopic should be stated in a separate paragraph, if possible.
• If it is necessary, check out essay examples online to see how you can organize the information. In addition, this step can help you to evaluate the relevance of the issue you want to discuss. Remember to include an introductory and concluding paragraph in which you will state the main points and findings of your paper.
• Avoid discriminating against some cultures in your essay. Remember that even if you do not understand the causes of some behaviors or norms, you should not criticize them in your paper. Instead, help the reader to understand them better and provide insight into important differences between cultures.
• Be accepting and try to be as accurate as possible. Support your claims with evidence from your preliminary research.
• If relevant, include graphs and charts to represent significant information. For example, you can visualize the presence of diversity in the workplace in different countries.
• Remember that the reader should understand the goal and idea of your paper clearly. Define all terms and avoid using overly complex sentences. Be concise but provide enough relevant information on the topic.
• Make sure that you use correct grammar and sentence structures in your essay. Even an excellent essay can look bad with grammatical mistakes. Grammar-free papers allow the reader to see that your opinion is credible. Check the essay several times before sending it to your instructor.

Do not forget to find a free sample in our collection that will help you get the best ideas for your writing!

• How Does Media Influence Culture and Society? The media has been instrumental in trying to explain to the people the meaning of culture and in the end enabling them to have a cultural identity.
• How Do Celebrities Influence Society? Celebrity Culture Positive Effects Introduction Negative Effects Positive Effects Conclusion Student Name Professor Name Course Date
• There Is No Place for Traditional Values in Modern Society Essay The value of culture in society is rapidly fading away as people continue to adjust to the patterns of modernisation. Modernisation, on the other hand, is the process of adopting new trends of life in […]
• 6 Barriers of Intercultural Communication Essay Cross cultural or intercultural communication is a part of the interaction of different people from different backgrounds and heritages. In this way, prejudice is inevitable blockage of cross-cultural communication as it is a source to […]
• Impact of Culture on Communication Reflective Essay And also the differential consideration by the society to men and women, the approach of people in the lower strata of the society towards the social difference and the attitude of people to avoid uncertainty […]
• Cancel Culture: The Adverse Impacts Only recently, Gen Z created the term cancel culture to refer to the modern form of public shaming. Topic Sentence: The increased awareness of cancel culture has promoted sudden judgments and simplified complex problems.
• Culture in Human Behavior Essay The act of changing a culture can only be minimal because of the complexities of the study complexity Culture, serving as a categorical idea of people, is a school of thought that has anthropologists all […]
• Raymond Williams’ “Culture Is Ordinary” Williams discusses the Marxist’s ideas on the interpretation and discussion of the culture and disagrees with some of the raised views.
• James Rachels’ The Challenge of Cultural Relativism Essay The article “The Challenge of Cultural Relativism” by Rachels explores the issue of ethics. According to Rachels, cultural relativism fails to support the existence of universal moral standards.
• Is Culture Essential? The Role of Culture in Human Life Culture is an integral part of human life, and its significance may be observed from several perspectives: as a powerful means for people to adapt to the environment they have to live in, as a […]
• Relationship Between Language and Culture Essay The purpose of the essay is to clearly highlight the issue of intercultural communication with reference to language. Language is the first element that helps an individual to distinguish the cultural orientations of individuals.
• Filipino Food Essay However, because of the Spanish and American influence, meat, especially pork and chicken, are also served. So, Philippines is a country of festivals and a diversity of traditional dishes and beverages.
• Celebrity Culture Is Harmful to Society In this paper, it is argued that celebrity culture is harmful to society because of its effects on childhood development and the glorification of wrong behaviors based on its tendency to nurture bad role models.
• Social Cultural Impacts of Tourism The tourist-host relationship and thus the social cultural impact of tourism is affected by the differences between tourists and hosts, the type of contact between tourists and hosts, the importance of tourism in a community, […]
• What Is Popular Culture? Definition and Analysis Therefore, Storey observes that the incorporation of the true meaning of the word culture as a way of life and culture should be in the form of ‘signifying practices’ named above.
• Attend a Cultural Event: Different Ethnic Communities’ Identities The warm and incredible welcome of the Turkish citizens adds spice to this event and helps the visitors to be more enthusiastic throughout the festival.
• Culture and Anarchy by Mathew Arnold This is due to the lack of awareness to the new culture. The entire book of Arnold takes culture as collection of everything what is the best and perfect in the world.
• Pakistan: Culture and History Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a large culturally diverse country located at the crossroads of the strategically significant expanses of South Asia, Central Asia and Western Asia, and borders Afghanistan and Iran […]
• McDonald’s Cultural Issues in India Some of the issues which are discussed include Mcdonald’s historical background, the cultural and ethical issues at the organization’s operations, and the social responsibility issues in different regions where the organization has operations.
• Cultural Influences on Students Academic Performance Indeed as the definition is rightly put, practicing our culture is akin to cultivating our lives, with the help of tools and symbols that the society has bestowed on us. Others are of the opinion […]
• Power and Culture: Relationship and Effects The relational determination in a particular society is a product of the role and function of power in a designated society.
• Coca-Cola Company’s Cross-Cultural Management The company also possesses a vision, which is a guiding factor to the units of the business, which is achieved by laying out whatever they need to achieve in order to sustain their progress and […]
• Food Habits and Culture: Factors Influence The food habits of a group of people/community can be described as the reasons for eating, the methods used while eating, the types of food eaten, and the mode of storage.
• Cultural Competence: Indian Culture and Healthcare They also believed that, the disease was heredity and that if one member of the family suffered from one of the diseases, chances that somebody from the same family would contract the disease are high.
• Four Types of Corporate Management Culture After studying such aspects of the work of large organizations as the relationship between employees, the subordination system in the company, and employees’ attitudes and views on the development of the MNCs, Trompenaars states that […]
• The Advantages of Living in a Multicultural City Living in a multicultural city provides one with multiple benefits such as having opportunities to learn about other cultures, developing a better understanding of different cultures, and having more chances to improve one’s personality.
• Amazon Corporate Culture Issues Term Paper Problem Scenario: Amazon’s employees report about multiple cases of workplace disregard, the lack of benefits and praise as well as unfair ranking system that creates the need to analyze the corporate culture of the organization […]
• Festivals and Their Importance for Modern Culture Thematic festivals are trendy and vital for today’s culture: different music festivals, art and design festivals, and even sex festivals. Modern-day festivals are widespread around the Earth, and they often combine the elements of local […]
• Zara: Corporate Structure and Culture In Luthans, due to the large size and diversity of the organization, Zara has departmentalized itself in terms of the services and products it offers in the market.
• Nok Culture’s Main Characteristic Features One of the most significant pieces of art is the Nok art, a testament of the Nok culture. Discovery of the sculptures in 1943 indicate the use of iron, the practice of smelting for tools […]
• Cultural Comparison: The United States of America and Japan First of all, it is important to note that both the United States of America and Japan have notable similarities as far as their cultures are concerned.
• History of Children’s Literature in Western Culture Plato, one of the most notable rulers of the time, held it that story-telling sessions should take the form of a play and he insisted that professional storytellers and poets be the ones in charge […]
• Birthing Traditions and Practices Among Russian-Speaking Cultural Group Many things about Russia, its people, and its traditions remain a mystery for the average American, as a history of geopolitical and military confrontation, as well as the distance between the two countries, cause many […]
• Comparison of US and Germany Cultural Differences Power distance is the degree to which power is shared evenly in a community as well as the extent in which the community recognize and accepts this variation in power distribution among itself; this is […]
• USA And Nigeria: Hofstede’s Six Cultural Dimensions Comparison Considering the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory, the U.S.and Nigeria are similar in terms of masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long- term orientation, the half of all the suggested factors by Baack.
• Intercultural Communication Essay: Differences in Cultural, Religious, and Ethnic Backgrounds Identity management theories are also a form of intercultural communication theory developed to explain the cross-cultural aspect of communication where intercultural communication under this theory is seen to originate from the intercultural and intracultural types […]
• The Mughal Empire: Culture and Heritage The combination of the regions’ economic independence, the tensions between Hindus and Muslims, and the penetration of the subcontinent by the European economic powers led to the decline of the Mughal Empire.
• Existential Therapy and Multicultural Perspective Paying attention to the entire idea of existential therapy, the exploring meaning and values of the issue will be considered referencing to the authenticity of the ideas, priorities, and values.
• Globalization and Food Culture Essay The interviewee gave the examples of France, America, and China in her description of how food can affect the culture of a place and vice versa.
• Ethnicity Essay: Cultural Background in the Daily Lives of Children and Young People The idea of a child according to Montgomery and Kellett refers to a representation of a whole category of young people that are identified by their age and intellectual development and also their social maturity […]
• The Literature of the Renaissance Period The main features of the Renaissance culture which also determine the elements of the Renaissance literature are the philosophy of humanism, the secular character of the art pieces, and the orientation on the antique patterns.
• Culture in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe I also kill a cock at the shrine of Ifejioku, the god of yams” Ibo culture is shown through the world look of the Western society that is why the aspect of behavioral brutality was […]
• The Importance of Organizational Culture Essay Organizational culture and change is most valuable to an aspiring manager because it they form the basis of organizational success. It is imperative for managers to introduce change in the organization to encourage innovation and […]
• Porsche’s Strategy, Structure, and Culture The change of the legal form of the company allowed other people who were not members of the Porsche family to become members of the Executive Board of the company.
• Cultural Diversity in the UAE: Social and Economic Development This view is in line with Rabah’s emphasis on the importance of respecting cultural diversity in the process of nation-building because the concept is useful in solving conflicts and developing solutions that are beneficial to […]
• The Effect of Globalization on a World Culture The net result is a global culture; the effect and extent that global culture has gone in the world varied among nations and continents; developed countries have their culture more diffused and uniformity can be […]
• Cultural Differences Between Turkey and USA Spanish, Polish and Greek languages are also part of the oral communication of the people in America. The use of suffixes in Turkish language is very important and we can feel the grammatical functions of […]
• Wal-Mart Company’s Cross Cultural Communication This system of operation has resulted in one of the labor activists called Wang Shishu led demonstrations in order to convince the management not to cut the pay of the employees.
• Japan vs. Germany: Cultural Differences The first aspect of the matter is people’s activity in Japan and Germany within businesses as determined by culture and their habits and preferences in terms of distinguishing their work time and families.
• Philippines Dressing Culture and Customs The country borders South China Sea to the North and West, the Sulu Sea and Celebs Sea to the southwest, and the Philippines Sea to the east.
• How to Avoid Ethnocentrism – Essay on Promoting Cultural Relativism In an effort to understand ethnocentrism which is defined as, the tendency to believe that one’s cultural beliefs and their culture’s ethnic values to be superior to others.
• Diverse Contexts and Intercultural Communication at Work As the world moves to the global environment, the modern workplace becomes more and more diverse. When individuals are educated about intercultural differences are more likely to alter their communication styles to suit the needs […]
• My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002) Cultural Analysis And the root of the word Miller is Greek and means apple in Greek. Overall, the treatment of the Greek culture in the movie is inelegant.
• Heritage Tourism and Cultural Tourism In the preservation of the sites for tourism purposes, it is clear that what is termed as the “culture of today” becomes the heritage of the future. There is a need to unveil the complexity […]
• UAE and Culture UAE’s society is multicultural. UAE culture has been defined by the Islamic religion as it is the most dominant in the region.
• The United States of America’s Culture These are however just general views on what the American culture really is, the next section of this paper will go to the specifics, and zero in into the following factors that determine the true […]
• Threats of Globalization on Culture of Individual Countries The world has become a “global village” this is due to the expansion of communication networks, the rapid information exchange and the lifting of barriers of visas and passports.
• Cultural Identity Theory: “How to Be Chinese” by Celeste Ng Thus, while recognizing the role that the specified cultural signifiers have for Asian American people in their attempts to retain their cultural identity, Ng also demonstrates the urge to introduce immediate change to prevent the […]
• Culture and Development in Nigeria The following are some of the organizations that are concerned with cultural developments in Nigeria:- The African development bank is involved in major activities in the water sector and in sanitation projects across Nigeria.
• Chinese Traditional Festivals and Culture Of all the Chinese festivals, the Spring Festival has the greatest value to the Chinese people with its value equated to the value of the Westerners attachment to Christmas.
• Emerson’s, Whitman’s and Thoreau’s Cultural Impact This movement was based on the belief in the unity of the world and God. The doctrine of “self-confidence” and individualism was developed by convincing the reader that the human soul was connected with God […]
• Religion and Cultural Belonging: “The Flea Palace” by Elif Shafak The old and the new, the Christianity and Islam, the East and the West are shown closely interconnected for example in the description of the two ancient cemeteries in Istanbul and in the development of […]
• Ramen Culture as a Vital Part of the Traditions in Japan Studying the history of the transformation of ramen culture and the role it plays in modern Japanese popular culture helps to explore the uniqueness of the phenomenon and understand the origins of its immense popularity.
• The Preservation of Our Cultural Heritage: Music for Entertainment and Communication Similar to how music plays a significant role in the lives of many people, it is an important aspect of history and culture.
• Adolf Hitler’s Cultural Theories in “Mein Kampf” So, according to Adolf Hitler, the foreign Aryan spirit was the awakener of Japanese people hence the bore a culture that they did not create.
• Cultural Norms: Fair and Lovely and Advertising Is the advertising of Fair & Lovely demeaning to women or is it portraying a product not too similar to cosmetics in general?
• Japanese Animations’ Effects on the Japanese Economy and Their Cultural Influence on Foreign Countries These artists incorporate the characteristic anime stylizations, gags and methodology in their piece of work to produce animations that are a bit similar to Japanese anime. The growing interest among foreign artists in anime is […]
• Pashtun Culture: Cultural Presentation This presentation will overview one of such groups – the Pashtun culture and the challenges a nurse may face working with its representatives.
• The Cultural-Individual Dialectic and Social Nature of Intercultural Relationships This specific type of dialectics is based on the idea that communication of persons depends not only on cultural aspects and differences but also on their individual attributes and visions. Thus, the cultural-individual dialectic is […]
• The Luo Culture of Kenya The Luo people are the indigenous people of Kenya living around lake Victoria, which lies in the western part of the country.
• Celebrity Culture and Its Influence on Society Before discussing the way Angelina Jolie and other celebrities affect modern society, it is necessary to identify the origins of the celebrity culture.
• Cultural Analysis – China and the Us In a bid to survive in such a market, it is crucial for the American investors to conduct a broad analysis of the cultural differences between China and the United States.
• Toyota’s Culture and Leadership Strategy Toyota’s Leadership and Culture Irrespective of numerous difficulties, the company is still one of the leaders of the industry. To understand the essence of the lean leadership, it is crucial to consider some peculiarities of […]
• Importance of Cultural Diversity Campaigns such as the Black Lives Matter may be attributed to lack of inclusion and appreciation of different cultures. For instance, the discussion of inclusivity in the 1970s focused on primary and secondary dimensions of […]
• The Influence of Ramayana on the Indian Culture If one considers the image provided in the work with the work itself, one notices the detailed depiction of the life and activities of the protagonist.
• The Overall Effects of Cultural Diversity in the Hospitality Industry The report focuses on analyzing the overall effects of cultural diversity in the hospitality industry. The nature of the industry’s workplaces and the way they deal with the issues concerning management of cultural diversity.
• Material and Nonmaterial Culture of Middle East The cultural heritage of the Middle Eastern countries is rooted in the deep history of humanity. The states of this territory almost entirely belong to the countries of the eastern part of the Islamic world.
• The Role of Ethnocentrism in Intercultural Communication The only way to control ethnocentrism is to avoid biases as we find better ways to understand other people’s point of view.
• Chinese New Year Foods: Chinese Culture and Traditions This piece of work will give an in depth discussion of Chinese culture with the central focus being on the Chinese New Year Foods and its relationship with the changes that have been experienced in […]
• Apple’s Cross-Cultural Problems in China In the case of Apple, the main issues have to do with employee management issues mostly associated with working conditions and compliance to Chinese labor laws.
• Political and Cultural Impact of Alexander the Great’s Conquests Due to many territories that he conquered, the dominion that Alexander the Great had was regarded as one of the greatest in the history of the world.
• Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: Structuralism and Post-Structuralism In the fields of literature, and design, architecture, in addition to marketing business and the interpretation of culture, history and law are started to analyze on the basis of post-structuralism in the nineteen sixties of […]
• The Kikuyu Community: Religion and Culture The community speaks the Kikuyu language. Kenya’s Kikuyu people are the most popular and largest ethnic group.
• Cancel Culture: A Persuasive Speech Cancel culture is a phenomenon of modern society that has arisen thanks to the development of social media. However, in this situation, it is difficult to determine who sets the boundaries of the morally correct […]
• Cultural Assimilation: Benefits and Challenges The mass migration of people leads to the fact that the population of the country is constantly growing, new nations come, and cultures are mixed, forming the so-called “melting pot”.
• Egypt’s History, Culture, Religion, and Economy Over the next three millennia, Egypt would see the rise and fall of several civilizations, including the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom.
• The Impact of the Internet in Culture and Daily Habits The growth of the internet has greatly improved our culture and society today with services it offers in the enrichment of our lives at work and at home.
• Tolerance and Respect for Cultural Differences The author concludes the essay in the third section by revisiting the thesis statement and highlighting the various approaches used to develop attitudes that promote respect and tolerance.
• Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication Styles Across Ethnic and Cultural Backgrounds In the essay, I discuss verbal and non-verbal communication styles across ethnic and cultural background, communication styles that a counselor may come across when dealing with culturally diverse clients and how a therapist can succeed […]
• How Does Culture Affect the Self Identity Personal Essay The economic background, family relations and ethnic distinctions have contributed significantly to the personality trait of being a low profile person who is considerate of others.
• Jamaican Family Cultural Practices The history of the Jamaicans in the United States began in 1619 when some blacks from Jamaica, as well as from the Caribbean islands migrated to the United States.
• Social Cultural Causes of Crime There is need to highlight the social cultural factors of crime and describe the necessary positive measures to prevent the occurrences of crime.
• The “Brave” Intercultural Film Analysis In their discourse in the forest, the princess and her mother realized the need for relationship rebuilding, mending the bond that led to a solution for the kingdom’s survival.
• Concept of Globalisation and Cultural Diversity The Concept of Globalisation Globalisation can be defined as the minimisation of the differences between people of the world and the maximisation of their similarities through interactions, cooperation and communication.
• Social and Cultural Aspects of Pre-Colonial Africa in Chinua Achebe: Things Fall Apart The novel emphasize on the encounters of the pre-colonial Africa and the effect of British colonialism during the 19th century. Gender disparity is clear in this village and the crimes are identified with gender where […]
• Culture Identity: Asian Culture Men on the other hand, are socialized to believe they should offer financial support to their families and ensure that the family is secure.
• Subjectivism and Cultural Relativism: Objections and Differences The key difference is that relativism relates the human experience to the influence of culture, while subjectivism states that right and wrong is a matter of personal opinion.
• Impact of Globalization on the Maasai Peoples` Culture This essay will therefore focus on the roles the aforementioned forces have played in changing the culture of the Maasai. Moreover, tourism has resulted in environmental degradation which is putting the Maasai on the brink […]
• The Fashion of the Hippie Culture Studying the fashion of the hippie culture is important because it illustrates the changes that society had undergone in the 1960s not only with regards to the style of clothing that people wore but also […]
• Saudi Arabian Culture In this view, observation of Islamic beliefs, norms, values, and traditions enables people to understand the Saudi Arabian culture and adopt it.
• Gang Culture in the USA: Symbols, Norms, Values The term culture refers to the norms and social behavior of a given community or group of people. Having the objects makes them feel brave and ready to act in the interest of the group […]
• Body Ritual Among the Nacirema: Cultural Study For instance, the research by Professor Linton is qualitative in the aspect that it tries to unearth the cultural practices and belief system of the Nacirema people.
• Cultural Assimilation, Acceptance and Identity in Julia Alvarez’s Poetry The girl from the new family reminded Alvarez of her own plight when she had moved to the United States and had not yet been accepted completely by the community.
• Importance of Cross-Cultural Management in International Business As earlier pointed out, a vital requirement for success in an international business setup is the ability of managers to comprehend and appreciate other cultures across the world.
• Cultural Pride and Cultural Baggage One of the articles that was written by Kincaid gives her experiences in England which portrays her cultural baggage as she finds it quite hard to fit in this society and to adopt a similar […]
• Cultural Competence: Jamaican Heritage Self-reflection as a way to improve one’s cultural competence Jamaican cultural ancestry Addressing social norms, cultural beliefs, behaviors, and the impact on health care Self-reflection has been regarded as an effective way to self-develop […]
• Diversity of Jamaican Culture The culture of Jamaica is a rich blend of the ways deriving from both Spanish and British eras which affected lives of the people on this small island.
• Communication Challenges in Intercultural Interactions This essay aims to show that communication in intercultural interactions is hindered by the communication style, body language, stereotypes, the tendency to evaluate, high anxiety, and differences in ways of completing tasks.
• Sustaining a Culture in Multinational Corporations The management has to deal with the diverse culture of the organizations to succeed in the global scene. The managers can pick employees from each of the countries in which the organization has operations or […]
• Cultural, Political, Economic and Legal Aspects of Doing Business in France The economy of this country is very strong, considered as the second largest in Europe, and fifth largest in the world.
• Impacts of Culture on Consumer Behaviour In addition, the impacts of the environment on the conduct of these consumers are made evident. For example, in the field of marketing, the phrase refers to acts and patterns of purchasing and buying.
• Culture Comparison Between China and Japan In Japan, it can be proved by the fact that the name Japan is written in the Chinese Kanji and not the Japanese Katakana or Hiragana.
• Influence of Political, Social, and Cultural Issues Political, social, and cultural factors in the world have significant influence on the economic and security status of a society. In the society, there are two types of poverty viz.the absolute poverty, and the relative […]
• Cultural Intelligence by Christopher and Elaine Mosakowski With this identification on how cultural intelligence affects or influences perceptions of people, and definition of the term, the authors continue exploring the major sources of cultural intelligence, the various cultural intelligence profiles, and ways […]
• Culture and Communication: Egypt Egypt is the origin of the earliest civilizations and has taken an important position in the Middle East as the connection between the Arab and Europe regions.
• Communication Culture: Hall’s High and Low-Context Model of Culture The differences in the modes and styles of communication are due to diverse cultures of the people from different countries. The aim of this report is to evaluate the concept of different communication cultures through […]
• Culture and Health Beliefs in Korea Buddhism and Confucianism have had the most profound impact on the spiritual world and the life of the Korean people, and more than half of the country’s cultural heritage is associated with these two religions.
• Socialization for the Transmission of Culture Cultural transmission is one of the basic constituents of recreating cultures and passing values from one person or group to others.
• Culture, Language and Influences on Development Therefore, mothers, as the main caregivers, have to understand what activities are more important for them and for their children regarding the peculiar features of the society they have to live in.
• Football Impact on England’s Culture This paper will study the various impacts of football both on the social life of people and on the economy of the country.
• Culturally Sensitive Care For Jehovah’s Witnesses They hold the belief that life is the representation of life and taking another human’s blood is equivalent to taking part in his life.
• Intercultural Relationships Importance However, this study does not mean that a person is born with a predetermined perception on things, only that genes can define the temperament of the person and can later suggest different preferences of beliefs […]
• Cultural Hybridization: The Beliefs, Language, and Social Habits The interaction between the Tai, Han and Zhuang was through conflicts between the majority group, the Han in the Northern regions and the minority Zhuang and the Tai in the southern regions of China.
• Cultural Belief System: Experiences and Traditions In most communities, the belief systems form the basis for validity of governance systems in the community as well as the acceptable laws governing behavior in the society.
• The Bhagavad Gita: The Role of Religion in Relation to the Hindu Culture From this point, it is important to focus on the Bhagavad Gita and its role for the Hindu culture in the context of the role of religion in the Hindu society because the scripture contains […]
• Italian Culture There is no post of the vice president in Italy and in the event that the president dies, elections will have to be held.
• Five Cultural Dimensions for Understanding the Values For instance, looking at Japan from the Hofstede five dimensional models will give the most significant drivers in the culture of the country in comparison to other countries across the world.
• Cultural Identity: Problems, Coping, and Outcomes The intensification of the processes of globalization, cultural integration, and expansion of contacts between representatives of different countries led to the gradual blurring of boundaries between national cultures and the loss of cultural identity.
• Managing Cultural Diversity: A Case Analysis of Hilton Hotels Corporation The hospitality industry, in particular, is at the core of recent developments in globalization and labor migration as can be witnessed by the increasing mobility of the workforce and attempts within the industry to expand […]
• Culture and Health Correlation People’s culture influences the type of food they purchase and the way they prepare it, which is a vital determinant of health.
• Hall Stuart: Questions of Cultural Identity Hall states that it is important to theorize the notion of identity to make it more applicable. However, Hall still claims that it is important to understand what identity is.
• Managing Cultural Diversity in the Hospitality Industry This is common due to confusion and the inability to interact with others in the society. This refers to the level of integration in the society.
• Cross Cultural Management and International Business In this essay we will focus on the role of culture in international business situations and also the strategies and frameworks that are appropriate in cross-cultural management.
• Principles of Effective Cross-Cultural Communication Essay Most disagreements in businesses can be attributed to lack of skills in intercultural communication, which is more common when the sender and the recipient are of different cultures.
• How Geography Has Impacted the Development of Ancient Cultures They include: the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts, the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, and The Himalayas. To the Egyptians, the Nile River was also a source of transport, facilitating the movements of the people up and […]
• Comparison of the Australian and Indonesian Culture On the other hand, Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest population in the world and it has over two hundred ethnic groups who use different languages. Marriage is also important in the […]
• Haiti History and Culture The Haitian culture features the Spanish, American as well as the French music. The salad is provided as a supplement in Haitian meals.
• Multicultural Education Benefits: Functioning in a Pluralistic and Egalitarian Society Students are thus required to acquire knowledge and skills necessary to function effectively in a pluralistic and egalitarian society. The teacher is thus able to enhance socialization and transmission of culture while providing academic skills […]
• British and Brazilian People: Cultural Differences It is critical to make appointments in advance, not to begin business discussions before the host, and to be on time for a business meeting.
• Culture Influence on Intimacy and Human Relationships These intrigues emerge when understanding the influence of culture on human relationships by understanding the influence of collectivist and individualistic cultures on intimacy.
• Disneyland’s Cultural Dimension: USA v. France USA and France seem to be specific but in some instances, manifestation of a degree of difference is inevitable between the two countries.
• Culture and Identity: “The House on Mango Street” by Sandra Cisneros The past is a driving force for the future and it is hard to erase that part of an individual’s life.
• Cultural Pollution:Traditions and Historical Concepts The cultures traditions and historical concepts of the Middle East have over the centuries been characterised as by a distinct sense of variety that stems from a whirlwind of customs and traditions.
• Heritage Tourism vs. Cultural Tourism Definition In contrast, cultural tourism fails to consider the experience of the past and is more concerned with the meeting the needs of the visitors.
• Western Culture Impacts on the UAE Local Lifestyle One of the countries that observe the impact of western culture on the life of the young generation in the United Arad Emirates.
• Servant Leadership in Indian Culture and Hindu Religion The basis of this approach is the reorientation of the values of the leader, who considers the empowerment of followers as a means and goal of his activity.
• Korean Culture: History and Principles Korean is one of the top 20 languages in the world in terms of the number of speakers. In brief, the Korean language is a synthesis of Chinese roots and modern developments.
• Tesco and Global Supermarket Chain in Hungary: Cultural Issues According to Radosevic and Yoruk, the authors of an article titled ‘International expansion and buyer-driven commodity chain: the case of Tesco,’ Tesco bought a 57% of supermarket chain in 1994, which included 41 stores in […]
• A Comparison Between Swedish and Australian Culture Impact of Culture on Life Experience and Belief System The interviewee explained that having been born in Sweden, where Lutheran is the main church, he followed the teachings of the Lutheran church.
• Society, Culture, and Civilization Thus, culture is a flexible feature of non-animal communities that penetrates their subsistence and helps to adjust to the surroundings. The last concept, civilization, is the consequence of the constant changes of the first two […]
• Building High Performance Culture: Zappos The peripheral goods and services are not essential, but they enhance the primary product and add value. However, creative telemarketers are the primary competitive advantage of the company and one of its most valued variants.
• The Erosion of Cultural Differences and Globalised Consumer Culture This paper looks into globalisation via cultural perspective whereby the mobility of people in the contemporary world has facilitated the understanding of new cultures and identities in a globalised world.
• Cultural Diffusion: Factors and Effects The process by which cultural traits and items are spread from one individual to another, either within a particular cultural setting or from one culture to another is known as cultural diffusion.
• IKEA Company’s Organizational Culture Thus, every worker is a carrier of the propagated IKEA culture, which in turn forms the basis for the success of the organization as a whole.
• Technology as a Form of Material Culture Typically, the advance in technology is necessitated by the desire of human beings to perform efficiently and to make life more comfortable.
• Cross-Cultural Management Major Theories The study of different languages helps one in comprehending what people have in common and also assist in comprehending the diversity that underlies languages, methods of creating and organizing knowledge and the several different realities […]
• The Impact of Fashion Marketing on Culture The primary aim of this study is to investigate the impact of fashion marketing, specifically in the clothing sector, on culture.
• Culture, Subculture, and Their Differences The different activities that people across the world engage in lead to the existence of different. When people develop negative impressions of the activities that their society undertakes they are said to be in a […]
• Cross Cultural Management Strategies: Brazil vs. America The failures in cross-cultural management mainly arise from the weaknesses of managers to consider the impact of cultural differences in their management practices.
• Hamlet’s Renaissance Culture Conflict The death of Hamlet as the play ends indicates that though he was the definite answer to all the questions before him as he faced death, he was not in any position to give any […]
• Reasons for Not Appreciating Different Cultural Point of View
• Leading a Culture of Excellence in Healthcare Industry
• Cultural Factors and Their Influence on Individuals
• Organizational Culture of Google Incorporation
• Convergence vs. Divergence of Culture and Literature – Examples
• The Culture Industry
• Cultural Identity and Heritage in the “Everyday Use” by Alice Walker
• Music and Its Effects on Culture
• The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture
• The Beautiful Country of Kazakhstan: Kazakh Culture
• American Culture Pros & Cons
• Race Matters, Cancel Culture, and “Boys Go to Jupiter”
• ABC Manufacturing Company’s Organisational Structure and Culture
• Three Stages of Cultural Development
• The UAE Cultural Analysis: Adherence to Traditions, Cultural Beliefs, and Values
• Cultural Aspects in Different Societies
• How Cultural Beliefs, Values, Norms and Practices Influence Communication
• Exploring the Human Culture
• Hofstede and Trompenaars Theories of Culture Diversity
• Nacirema Culture
• Campinha-Bacote’s Model of Cultural Competence
• Taiwan and the U.S. Cultural Elements
• Intercultural Awareness and Multicultural Society in a Global Village
• Intercultural Relations: Physical, Economic, and Linguistic
• Differences in Culture between America and Sudan
• Cultural Differences Among Families in the “Hotel Rwanda” Film
• Cross Culture Management
• Multicultural Communication and Its Origin
• Racial and Cultural Identity Development Model
• History of Multicultural America by Ronald Takaki
• Culture and Agriculture: Nature and Significance Understanding
• Mass Society and Popular Culture Theories
• People and Culture in Morocco
• The Renaissance and Its Cultural, Political and Economic Influence
• Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
• Paisà (1946) by Roberto Rossellini: Style, Theme, and Cultural Value
• Cross-Cultural Environment Negotiations: Japan and America
• Cultural Convergence: The Interactions Between Different Cultures
• Cultural, Legal, Economic, and Political Aspects of Doing Business in China
• Language and Culture Interaction in English Language Teaching
• Identity, Language, and Culture
• African and Western Culture in the “Touki Bouki” Film
• What Role Does Food Play in Cultural Identity?
• Irish Culture and Stereotypes in The Quiet Man
• Anglo-American Culture and Healthcare Standards
• History: Cultural Exchanges in the Medieval Period
• Indian Custom and Culture Community
• Multicultural Diversity Conceptual Study
• The Depiction of Cultural Conformity and Moral Values in Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery”
• Disney and Its Impact on Popular Culture and Society
• Celebrations in School Culture
• The Jarawa People and Their Culture
• Hotpot Concept and Cultural Value
• American Culture and Indian Culture Comparison
• Islamic Culture and Civilization
• Starbucks in China and Cross-Cultural Values
• Cultural Bias in Counseling Practices
• Fundamentals of Intercultural Communication
• Cultural Role of Crepes in France
• Colombia’s and the US’ Cultural Dimensions
• Muriel’s Wedding as a Representation of Australian Culture
• Dance Analysis: Social and Cultural Context
• Police Officers and Cultural Differences
• eBay in Japan, Its Strategic and Cultural Missteps
• Hospitality Industry: Coping with Culture Shock
• How Chinese Culture Influences Foreign Businesses
• The Zulu Nation’s History and Culture
• Cultural Values Embeded in Soccer
• African Cultural Traditions and Communication
• Cross-Cultural Marketing and Cultural Differences in Markets
• Roman & Greek Mythology in Pop Culture: Examples, Referenses, & Allusions
• Appropriations, Prejudices and Cultural Cruise Control: Overview
• Adorno and Horkheimer ‘The Culture Industry’ Review
• John Donne’s Poetry Relate to the Culture
• Geography, Peoples and Culture Areas of Oceania
• Culture and Leadership in a Safe Industrial Environment
• Cultural Differences in Arranged Marriages
• Efficient Intercultural Interaction and Communication
• Cultural Traditions: Arranged vs. Autonomous Marriage
• Dubai’s Food, Dress Code and Culture
• Intercultural Communication Perspectives
• Youth Culture and Globalization
• Beauty and Culture
• Value and Meaning of Culture and Religion
• Sushi: History, Origin and the Cultural Landscape
• Cultural Differences in International Business
• Nike, Inc.: The Corporate Culture
• Impacts of Culture on Formulation of International Marketing Strategies
• Social and Cultural Diversity Statement
• HR Managers and Cultural Differences
• Cultural Revolution and Education in China During the 1960s-1970s
• Caribbean Rum: History and Culture
• Social, Cultural and Gender Inequality From a Global Perspective
• Kazakhstani Culture Through Hofstede’s Theory
• Cultures Are Eroded by Foreign Cultural Influences Including Media
• Cultural Influences on Big Five Personality Traits
• Matthew Arnold’s and Raymond Williams’ Ideas About Culture
• Distinct Lower Class Culture: An Impediment to Success
• IBM Company’s Multicultural Project Team Management
• The UK Cultural, Business and Political Environment
• The Role of Chinese Hats in Chinese Culture
• Cultural Diversity and Cultural Universals Relations: Anthropological Perspective
• Female Chauvinist Pigs: Raunch Culture and Feminism
• Ways to Improve Intercultural Communication
• Deaf in America: Voices From a Culture by Carol A. Padden, Tom L. Humphries
• Effect of Economy on Culture and Social Structure
• Cultural Diversity and Cultural Integration in Western Societies
• Cross-Cultural Sleeping Arrangements in Children
• Cross-Cultural Differences Between the US and Pakistan
• Vanilla: History, Culture and Production
• Cultural Diversity in the Play “Othello”
• Hofstede’s Cultural Model in Negotiations
• Cultural Linguistic Autobiography: An Experience of a Second Language
• Tourism & Cultural Change: A Critical Analysis
• Cultural Conformity: A Person’s Behavior and the Standard Determined by a Culture
• Discussion: Cultural Roots and Routes
• Intercultural Understanding in Hala Alyan’s Poems
• Bombas Firm’s Organizational Structure and Culture
• Ancient Greek Culture, Philosophy and Science
• Socio-Cultural Approach of Humanity Examination
• The Effect of Global Technology on Intercultural Communication
• Cultural Family Assessment in “Under the Same Moon” Film
• Culture and Public Administration Relationship in Canada
• The Egyptians and the Hindu Cultural Rites Comparison
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• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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What is a Subculture?

Subcultural theory.

Subcultural theory was first developed by sociology scholars at the Chicago School in the 1920s. The Chicago School explored the existence of deviant behavior and discussed deviance as a product of social problems within society. The Birmingham School added to subcultural theory, investigating the ways in which individuals joined groups that participated in collective forms of deviance, referred to as subcultures. For contemporary theorists, the concept itself is controversial, and some align with a “post-subculture” perspective suggesting subculture no longer describes the collective activities. Sociologists’ continue to study subcultures in order to uncover why subcultures form, why subculturists choose to engage in deviant group behavior, and what subcultural activity can tell us about society as a whole.

The Chicago School

The Chicago School defined subcultures using a deviance framework with a heavy emphasis on an ethnographic and empirical approach to their research ( Williams 2007 ). The majority of the contributions that emerged from the Chicago School centered around addressing the question of why certain groups are more likely to engage in crime or deviant behavior, with research focusing on immigrants, African Americans, and the poor working-class ( Williams 2007 ). Additionally, the Chicago School theorists analyzed deviance within the context of social interactionism and thus labeled deviant subcultural/gang participation as the result of social and environmental problems rather than individual personality traits/genetics such as poor individual choices, moral failings, or psychological disorders.

In 1922, Robert Park and Ernest Burgess from the Chicago School developed a “ human ecology ” theory comparing social life to biological organisms. They claimed that social groups and instutitions function together for the stability of the social group as a whole. When conflict, change, and competition arise, people attempt to accommodate or adjust to new conditions, with society eventually returning to equilibrium. Issues such as technological innovation and economic change can cause social disorganization , which in turn can result in deviance. For example, gangs and other delinquent groups arise due to the social strain of having to access legitimate resources in illegitimate ways. Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay ( 1942 ) extended this theory with their development of the social disorganization framework for deviance, in which they claimed that deviance and social instability are first and foremost a result of geographic location, as residential instability tends to be highly concentrated in specific areas. Additionally, Edwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey ( 1934 ) expanded the Chicago School proposition that an individual’s social environment impacts likelihood for delinquency with their differential association theory . The main implication of differential association is that techniques and justification/rationalization for criminal deviance are learned, specifically from intimate friends and family members ( Adler & Adler 2006 ; Sutherland & Cressey 1934 ). As such, tendencies toward deviant behavior are not determined at birth, but develop over time as peer social groups shift from more normative to more deviant friends.

The Birmingham School

The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) at the University of Birmingham emerged in the mid 1960s with the goal of explaining the emergence of youth subcultures, such as Teddy boys, Mods, Skinheads, and Rockers, in post-World War II Britain. There, a group of sociologists led by Richard Hoggart set out to examine the various aspects of the working-class subcultural youth. Previous research done by Hoggart ( 1957 ) and CCCS member Raymond Williams ( 1958 ) catapulted the Birmingham subcultural studies into a more focused genre ( Nwalozie 2015 ), and through this CCCS scholars developed several informal hypotheses that remained at the center of their work up until the school’s closing in 2002. First, CCCS scholars saw subcultures as undeniably class based, as they reported that the majority of subculturists they researched appeared to be young, lower-middle class white males ( Williams 2007 ). Additionally, CCCS theorists suggested that what brought subculturists together was a collective desire to “act out” in resistance to hegemonic, mainstream cultural values ( Haenfler 2014 ). Frustrated over socio-economic roadblocks to achieving a better standard of living, working class youths subsequently joined together by virtue of their marginalization from and resistance to the class structure. Lastly, CCCS researchers claimed that such resistance manifested itself most clearly in the group members’ spectacular styles and rituals ( Haenfler 2014: 8 ). However, the Birmingham School saw subcultural symbolic rejection of mainstream bourgeois lifestyle as illusory ( Hall & Jefferson 1976 ). In fact, CCCS scholars went so far as to say that not only does symbolic subcultural resistance have little to no impact on real change, but it may actually work to reinforce their low status in society ( Willis 1977 ).

Expanding on the work done by the Chicago School , CCCS scholars further explored the concept of deviance by highlighting implicit connections between culture and hegemony. Dick Hebdige ( 1979 ) argues that because subcultures stem from deviance, they usually consist of working-class cultures and individuals. Essentially, social groups manage their status problems by creating a new subculture and establishing new norms that do not conform to the dominant culture’s norms. These new norms contain ideological meanings and have symbolic forms of resistance. Additionally, subcultures often take objects and styles of the dominant culture and appropriate them in order to demonstrate a new meaning.

Despite the many significant contributions of the Birmingham School to subcultural studies, the CCCS faces significant criticism. In particular, many sociologists have criticized the CCCS for its overemphasis on resistance, class, and style, as well as its under-representation of any female or queer subcultures. Perhaps the most important limitation to the findings and approaches adopted by CCCS is their lack of any ethnographic research methods. Instead of approaching subculturists, CCCS theorists conducted their research via semiotic analyses of style from afar, potentially misinterpreting (or over-emphasizing) someone’s style and practices.

Characteristics of subcultures

It is important to note that there is no one agreed upon definition of a subculture by sociologists. Subcultural theorists continue to expand and alter the definition of subcultures, as they investigate more subcultural groups and incorporate sociological theories of deviance into the subcultural framework. Thus, the definition of subculture is contentious. Some theorists (see “post-subcultural thought” below) even believe the concept has outlived its usefulness. However, a working definition is necessary for an introductory understanding of subcultures and subcultural theory. Thus, the characteristics of subcultures outlined below incorporate concepts and theories from the most prominent subcultural scholars, but by no means constitute a definitive “checklist” for determining what “counts” as a subculture and what does not.

Diffuse Networks

Subcultures do not consist of formal leadership, formal membership, or any explicit organizational  structure ( Haenfler 2014: 16 ). Rather, subcultures have loose and informal participation, as the boundaries of who and what embodies a subculture are contested and fluid. Membership is not exclusive ( Williams 2011: 41 ); subculturists can identify as part of the subculture and simultaneously interact with people in other cultural and social networks. Consequently, the boundaries between mainstream culture and subculture are often indistinguishable, as the two cultural domains can share ideas and coexist in the  lives of individuals.

The Juggalo scene serves as a good example of diffuse networks at play in a subculture. Juggalos are the fans of the band Insane Clown Posse (ICP). They possess their own shared identity, slang, style, and cultural meanings. Many ICP fans identify as Juggalos, attend the festivals, hang out with fellow Juggalos, and know the shared meanings and values of the subculture. However, they also take off their clown makeup, go to work, participate in other networks of social interaction, and learn other cultural meanings. This wide variety of cultural information from the “outside world” can in turn be shared with the Juggalo culture and vice verse. In other words, subcultures and other cultural networks interact with each other and adapt as they exchange meanings and values ( Williams 2011: 41 ).

Shared Distinct Meanings

Subculturists not only share an identity, but they also share values, practices, and cultural objects ( Haenfler 2014: 17 ). For example, straight edgers value their community and their interpersonal relationships, they practice clean-living (substance-free), and they purchase objects of importance such as the most-popular hardcore punk albums. As subcultures emerge, distinct meanings form to define the scene’s unique practices and cultural objects as well as to distinguish the subculture from mainstream culture. These  meanings continuously grow and change as subculturists debate existing meanings and create new ones. Additionally, meanings are both created and learned through social interaction. The values and expected behaviors of subcultures often deviate in some way from the generally accepted norms of society (Dotter 1988).

For example, underground drag ball participants  share a distinct set of meanings within their subculture. Underground drag balls are competitions that consist of individuals, mainly queer youth of color, who perform different drag genres and categories. The ball participants share their identities both as queer youth of color and participants in the ball scene. As part of the ball scene, they also have knowledge of certain values, rituals, objects, and slang that are unique to the subculture. For example, the average person would not know what the term “realness” means, however, when one enters the ball scene, every participant knows the meanings and intricacies of the term realness . Furthermore, the value of queering oneself and expressing one’s sexuality at the balls, particularly in the 1970s, illustrates how the subculture deviates from mainstream norms and values surrounding gender and sexuality.

Shared Identity

Many ethnographers argue that a collective form of self-identification is perhaps the most important distinguisher between a subculture and a simple social group ( Polletta and Jasper 2001 ; Brewer and Gardner 1996 ; Fominaya 2010 ; Melucci 1995 ; Wendt 1994 ; Hodkinson 200 2). Outsiders often perceive the intense degree to which subculturists engage with and partake in their subculture as obsessive or unhealthy. However, the degree to which subculturists engage with their group can in fact be seen as a natural result of a distinctive sense of self in relation to their subculture. Indeed, a woman who has a child is not stigmatized for spending the majority of her day parenting the child, as motherhood is seen to be an important part of her identity.

However, unlike motherhood, an important part of subcultural identity is the collective aspect that subculturists find so unifying. As Turner, Hoggs, Oakes, Reicher, and Wetherell ( 1987: 50 ) suggest, the formation of a collective identity involves “a shift towards the perception of self as an interchangeable exemplar of some social category and away from the perception of self as a unique person.” Subculturists report feeling an innate sense of connection to and relationship with other members of their subculture, and do not necessarily require personal relationships among group members to feel said connection ( Brewer and Gardner 1996 ). As such, it is important to distinguish between social groups that develop from common bonds (attachment to other group members) and subcultures comprised of people that share a strong common identity ( Brewer and Gardner 1996 ). Juggalos often report feeling a sense of deep subcultural belonging that transcends place as they are able to bond over the subculture being such a large part of their identities’, going so far as to refer to each other as “family.” Indeed, at the annual Gathering of the Juggalos , a universal sentiment is that, despite being strangers, “‘you can walk up to anyone and talk to them because it’s family’” (Halnon 2014: 91). Outside the ICP concert scene, Juggalos are just as committed to upholding and reinforcing their collective identity, transitioning from strangers to “family” the moment they realize the other is a Juggalo . On a day-to-day basis, ICP gear and tattoo symbols signify to others their subcultural participation, thus making it easier to spot each other in a crowd. In this way, shared identity can be both internal and external; subcultural style is helpful for subculturists to identify one another, but is not necessarily itself an inherent characteristic of the shared identity. As social movements theorist David Snow ( 2011 ) once said, collective subcultural identity can often be interpreted as “a shared and interactive sense of ‘we-ness’ and collective agency.”

ResistanceF

Resistance, either passive or active, to dominant hegemonic cultural values often accompanies subcultural participation in one form or another. Williams ( 2009 ) suggests that there exist three dimensions that comprise subcultural resistance. First, resistance may either be passive or active , based on participants’ intention to resist. The CCCS, for example, viewed subculturists as passive consumers. Second, resistance may exist at the micro or macro level, depending on what or for whom the resistance is directed. At the micro level, resistance may be developed as a psychological defense mechanism against bullies and peers,  whereas macro level resistance is usually directed at politicians or policy makers, such as Christian Abstinence Youth Groups calling for a ban on birth control. Finally, resistance can be overt or covert , depending on if the actions of subculturists are interpreted by others as resistant. Whereas covert resistance is that which is intentional yet unnoticed by others, overt resistance is much harder to miss, as it, by definition, drives people to take notice. For example, when a Brony  wears a colorful “ I’m A Brony, Deal with It ” t-shirt, he will more often than not succeed in bringing attention to his subculture.

Marginalization

Subculture participants often consist of marginalized individuals who do not fit well within the dominant culture. As Howard Becker ( 1963 ) notes in his labeling theory, dominant social groups determine who the “out-group” is based on shared values and norms of the “in-group.” The “in group” social groups are oftentimes the dominant culture that decide which values and norms the “out group” cannot perform. In contrast, the “out-group” might not have the same resources or practices as the “in-group” and in turn might fail to meet the norms and expectations of the “in-group,” thus making them deviant from the dominant culture. Since these individuals cannot meet the norms of the dominant culture and are labeled as deviant, they are marginalized from fully participating in the dominant culture. Shared marginalization is the idea that many subculturists can share the same “outsider” status despite having different backgrounds in mainstream society ( Haenfler 2014 ). Likewise, subculturists can “choose” their marginalization as opposed to being structurally marginalized. For example, individuals participating in the rock subculture might wear their hair in a mohawk to purposefully raise the eyebrows of mainstream society. Mainstream society may originally marginalize those individuals for a specific aspect of their identity, however once they wear their hair in a mohawk, society marginalizes them for their participation in the subculture and its deviant style.

“ Bronies ,”  men who are fans the television show My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic , exemplify a group of marginalized individuals who make up a subculture. Bronies often find themselves marginalized by mainstream society because of how they break dominant culture norms by enjoying and having conventions focused on My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic , a cartoon show targeted for young girls. Additionally, Bronies break dominant social norms by participating in the subculture and are often stigmatized by mainstream society because of individuals questioning their reasoning for being a part of the subculture.

Stratification, Values, and Specialized Vocabulary

Subcultures create stratification systems in the same way dominant cultures do. The stratification system of subcultures is based on the continuously changing collective values within the group. Similar to dominant cultures, subcultures base stratification on cultural capital, symbolic capital, and authenticity. Cultural capital is based on how the individual follows the norms and practices of the subculture, symbolic capital is how much respect and legitimacy based on the individual’s status in the subculture. Authenticity, however, is a social construction that individuals must consistently perform in order to be a part of the subculture ( Vannini and Williams 2009 ). An additional component of the stratification system and authenticity is the specialized vocabulary of the subculture. Specialized vocabulary illustrates the division between those in the subculture and those who are not, with certain words and phrases being understood by either all or a small percentage of the subculture ( Haenfler 2014 ). Thus, specialized subcultural vocabulary demonstrates how much individuals are a part of a subculture and adds to the  internal hierarchy of the subculture.

An example of a subculture with many levels to its stratification system is the Harry Potter fandom, the community of Harry Potter fans who engage in Harry Potter themed activities. In the community, fans internally rank themselves on how devoted they are to the Harry Potter books and movies. For example, fans who have written fan fiction or actively participate in the Pottermore website would be higher on the stratification system than fans who only read the books and do not go to the movie premieres. Likewise, Harry Potter fans share a specialized vocabulary that is exclusive to the culture. Harry Potter fans often use the word “muggles,” a word meaning non-wizards in the Harry Potter books, to denote individuals who are not a part of the subculture and “Potterheads” to signify fans in the subculture.

Post-Subcultural Thought

Post-subcultural theorists suggest that subcultures either no longer exist or are simply little different from mainstream culture. They emphasize that mass consumption, diffusion of cultures through globalization, and the overall interconnectedness of people, places, and products across the world transform the ways subcultures manifest in the identities of individuals ( Bennett 2011 ; Nwalozie 2015: 10 ). Consumerism influences subcultural communities by making subcultural products such as CDs and outfits available for anyone to buy; the community-based scenes are transformed into product lines. It becomes harder to differentiate between what constitutes a niche subcultural scene and what constitutes mainstream culture, as subcultural objects undergo commodification and commercialization.

Furthermore, in an increasingly interconnected world, people have more freedom to pick and choose what subcultural identity they want to embody, whether that be through their style, mannerisms, or music taste. This freedom means that subcultural identities and participation are fluid rather than stable; in other words, there is less commitment to a particular scene. Whereas other subcultural scholarship emphasize how one’s background (socioeconomic status, race, gender, geographic location, etc.) influences whether they join a particular subcultural scene, post-subcultural thought recognizes that globalization and diffusion of cultures allows for people of many backgrounds to pick and choose the scene(s) they want to participate in. Subcultural performance becomes more about consumerism and pleasure and less about resistance and shared identities ( Bennett 1999 ). For example, the store Hot Topic allows teenagers to pick a scene and buy products that are part of this scene. The store distills the subculture down to its style. This enables teens from all walks of life to embody, for instance, the look of a punk kid without understanding the shared values and meanings of the punk subculture.

Critics of post-subcultural thought point out that in fact many people do adopt subcultural identities and actively participate in the scenes even with the commercialization of their subcultural objects. Furthermore, while consumerism seeps into every aspect of life in society today, it does not prevent people from engaging in resistant activities ( Haenfler 2014: 13 ). Subcultural participants still both resist and uphold mainstream culture and politics through their participation. By lumping all subcultural youth into this category of passive consumers who choose and transform their identities as they please, post-subculturists fail to recognize the authentic self-identification that many youths experience.

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Key Scholars

Dick hebdige.

Richard “Dick” Hebdige is a British sociologist of resistance and subculture. After graduating with an M.A. from the Centre for Contemporary Culture Studies at Birmingham, Hebdige made his significant contribution to subcultural studies with his authorship of Subculture: The Meaning of Style . Hebdige brings new insight into subcultural theory by emphasizing race, class, and socioeconomic conditions that contribute to the values and meanings within many subcultures.

Stanley Cohen

Stanley Cohen, a Professor of Sociology at the London School of Economics, devoted his life work to fight against human rights violations after witnessing the injustices of Apartheid when growing up in South Africa. In his book Folk Devils and Moral Panics , Cohen contributed to subcultural theory by discussing the role of media in labelling deviant activity. Cohen coined the term “folk devil:” groups of people portrayed by media outlets as deviant. 

Richard Hoggart

Hoggart devoted his life’s work to cultural studies. Hoggart founded the Center for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCs, also known as The Birmingham School) in 1964, a research center at the University of Birmingham whose theorists developed some of the earliest theories on subcultures and deviance. Richard Hoggart’s work  The Uses of Literacy was instrumental in the establishment of working class studies. The book explored how the working class establish and maintain a unique culture of their own.

Documentaries

Paris is burning ( 1990 ).

A popular documentary illustrating the lives of drag queens living in New York City participating in the underground ball scene.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hedJer7I1vI

We are Wizards ( 2008 )

This documentary gives more insight to the Harry Potter subculture and highlights Harry Potter inspired bands such as Harry and the Potters.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZzRh9MHOrU

Bronies: The Extremely Unexpected Adult Fans of My Little Pony ( 2012 )

A trailer for the documentary following the journey of several Bronies across the globe as they prepare for the annual BronyCon convention and reflect on their entrance into the subculture.

[fruitful_sep]

Significant Scholarship

Becker, Howard S. 1963. Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance . London: Free Press of Glencoe.

This book gives background on the “in-group” and “out-group” relationship of subcultures and how the relationship is maintained. The “in group” social groups are oftentimes the dominant culture that decide which values and norms the “out group” cannot perform.

Haenfler’s Subcultures: The Basics provides a thorough introduction to subcultural and youth studies. The text uses theory and examples to cast light on the sociological understanding of deviance and subcultural activity.

This book contains a wide range of theories and research done by many others of the Birmingham school.

Hebdige, Dick. 1979. Subculture: The Meaning of Style . London: Methuen & Co.

In this book, Hebdige gives a better understanding of how subcultures grow out of deviance and social problems. Additionally, Hebdige explains bricolage in more detail and how subcultures can overtly and covertly resist dominant cultures through bricolage.

Muggleton, David and Rupert Weinzierl. 2003. The Post-Subculture Reader.  Oxford:Berg Publishers.

Muggleton and Weinzierl discuss how to reconceptualize subcultures in a postmodern world. They examine how subcultures manifest themselves in our globalized world and discuss the usefulness of the term subculture itself.

Vannini, Phillip, and Williams, J. Patrick. 2009. Authenticity in Culture, Self, and Society . Farnham: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Vannini and Williams (2009) define in detail how authenticity is created and performed in subcultures. This book describes how authenticity is an important part of the stratification systems of subcultures, and that it is also an individual’s constant performance within a subculture.

Williams, J. Patrick. 2011. Subcultural Theory: Traditions and Concepts . Cambridge: Polity Press.

In this comprehensive book, Williams helps readers understand the theory behind subcultures. The text focuses on concepts and analysis, but still incorporates examples to give readers a picture of how these theories play out in in the subcultural scenes.

Bennett, Andy. 1999. “Subcultures or Neo-Tribes? Rethinking the Relationship Between Youth, Style, and Musical Taste.” Sociology 33(3): 599-617.

Bennett, Andy. 2011. “The Post-Subcultural Turn: Some Reflections 10 Years On.” Journal of Youth Studies 14(5): 493-506.

Dotter, Daniel. 1995. “Rock and Roll is Here to Stray: Youth Subcultural, Deviance, and Social Typing in Rock Early Years.” Pp. 87-114 in Adolescents and Their Music: If It’s Too Loud, You’re Too Old , edited by Jonathan S. Epstein. New York: Routledge.

Halnon, K.B. 2014. “Dark Carnival and Juggalo Heaven: Inside the Liminal World of Insane Clown Posse.” Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 1(2): 84-98.

Nwalozie, Chijioke J. 2015. “Rethinking Subculture and Subcultural Theory in the Study of Youth Crime: A Theoretical Discourse.” Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology 7(1): 1-16.

Park, Robert E. 1936. “Human Ecology.” American Journal of Sociology 42(1):1–15.

Williams, Patrick J. 2007. “Youth-Subcultural Studies: Sociological Traditions and Core Concepts.” Sociology Compass 1(2):572-593.

Williams, Patrick J. 2009. “The Multidimensionality of Resistance in Youth-Subcultural Studies.” The Resistance Magazine 1:20-33.

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Essay Samples on Subculture

Literature analysis of a socio-economic subculture in fashion.

Introduction Faced with a generation of consumers who are both the most well-informed and fiscally precarious in modern society, streetwear fills the void when luxury brands searching for ways to remain relevant and therefore profitable. I would like to understand the socio-economic subculture emerging in...

• Literature Analysis

The Hippie Movement: The Most Influential Subculture In History

America’s history is full of many historic events that made us the nation we are today. There has been movements, some of which have failed and some that succeeded. Many left a mark in our country and in our culture. One out of all those...

• Hippies Movement

Hippies And Their Ability To Not Look At The Surface

Sometimes, looking at the surface of things does not represent the meaning or meaning of things. Some people's appearance can't be changed. Although they look terrible or scary, sometimes their hearts are purer than others. That's exactly what hippies are like. These young people who...

The Hippies: Spread Of Hippie Movement In The Us

Throughout the 1960s the United States was impacted by the hippie subculture. Hippie’s culture consisted of fashion, drugs, leaders, and lifestyle. Most hippie’s dropped out of mainstream society and was known as flower children. Hippies sought a nonmaterialistic, peace-loving society in which they are their...

Hippies: How Music, Protest, And Media Led To Peace: The Countercultural Movement

As part of the generation Z in the United States, today’s youth have never been a part of a massive war or political upheaval. Since the U.S. is so big and powerful it gives off the impression of complete domination over any potential enemy. However,...

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K-Pop Fandom as a Subculture: Comparing K-Pop and Western Fandoms

Subcultures are when individuals join specific groups to collectively carry out certain activities that deviates from mainstream culture or society (Grinnell College, n.d.). Whereas the term ‘scene’, is often used to — particularly in the context of music — capture the relationships between members, such...

• Pop Culture

The History of Anime and Why I Came to Love It

Anime some might know it as cartoons but anime is generally considered to be a form of entertainment. The Japanese have been producing and creating animation for over 100 years and are known for their ability to create realistic characters, scenery and action scenes. The...

The History of the Birth of British Rock Music

Rock was born in the US where European cultural norms were not such important and this liberated and free country became a motherland to new cultural movements and subcultures. Such genres as jazz, blues, and rock’n’roll were born there. As the United Kingdom has always...

The Youth Culture in Fashion: Trends and Marketing Strategies

The fashion industry has always been characterized by constant change and evolution, but in recent years, we have seen a significant shift in the industry's direction. The rise of youth culture has had a profound impact on fashion, shaping everything from the styles and trends...

• Youth Culture

Surfing Subculture and Its Link to Fashion

The first chapter begins with a quote by the famous Duke Kahanamoku, considered the father of modern surfing (SurferToday). This expression has been chosen to represent each individual linked to the surf-culture. The devotion to water is supreme and only within it one wants to...

Subculture: Descriptions, Features, Values

Subculture is a group of people in a society who share the same value, moral and norms that are distinctive from those mainstreams, who are held by a group within a wider society. A subculture can be categorized into many groups such as; nationality, religion,...

• Culture and Communication

My Personal Experience in Subculture in Mexico

In the subculture, there are many qualities that make subculture an important group in society. We learn each other with diverse characteristics that when we born is more personal and we raise with that. Knowing a subculture could be learned by parents, the environment or...

The Development of Youth Subculture From Britain to Berlin

When subculture firstly appeared in Britain it was clear people were not just belonging to a group by their way of dressing. It was more about, how Barker would say a whole way of life’’ (2012). Several aspects in the late 70’s and 80’s lead...

Subculture of Punk: Wearing, Music, Values and Ideas

A subculture is a group of individuals with the same interests that oppose social norms in society. it is a culture division within a larger culture with separate values and practices unique to them. Subcultures can have an important role in an individual’s identity, through...

Best topics on Subculture

1. Literature Analysis of a Socio-Economic Subculture in Fashion

2. The Hippie Movement: The Most Influential Subculture In History

3. Hippies And Their Ability To Not Look At The Surface

4. The Hippies: Spread Of Hippie Movement In The Us

5. Hippies: How Music, Protest, And Media Led To Peace: The Countercultural Movement

6. K-Pop Fandom as a Subculture: Comparing K-Pop and Western Fandoms

7. The History of Anime and Why I Came to Love It

8. The History of the Birth of British Rock Music

9. The Youth Culture in Fashion: Trends and Marketing Strategies

10. Surfing Subculture and Its Link to Fashion

11. Subculture: Descriptions, Features, Values

12. My Personal Experience in Subculture in Mexico

13. The Development of Youth Subculture From Britain to Berlin

14. Subculture of Punk: Wearing, Music, Values and Ideas

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3.4A: Subcultures

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A subculture is a culture shared and actively participated in by a minority of people within a broader culture.

Learning Objectives

• Give examples for subcultures by using Gelder’s proposed criteria
• Subcultures incorporate large parts of the broader cultures of which they are part; in specifics they may differ radically.
• The study of subcultures often consists of the study of symbolism attached to clothing, music, and other visible affectations by members of subcultures. Sociologists also study the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture.
• Cultural appropriation is the process by which businesses often seek to capitalize on the subversive allure of subcultures in search of “cool,” which remains valuable in the selling of any product.
• subculture : A portion of a culture distinguished from the larger society around it by its customs or other features.
• symbolism : Representation of a concept through symbols or underlying meanings of objects or qualities.
• cultural appropriation : Cultural appropriation is the adoption of some specific elements of one culture by a different cultural group.

In sociology, anthropology, and cultural studies, a subculture is a group of people with a culture that differentiates themselves from the larger culture to which they belong. A culture often contains numerous subcultures, which incorporate large parts of the broader cultures of which they are part; in specifics they may differ radically. Subcultures bring together like-minded individuals who feel neglected by societal standards and allow them to develop a sense of identity.

Subcultures and Symbolism

The study of subcultures often consists of the study of symbolism attached to clothing, music, and other visible affectations by members of subcultures. Additionally, sociologists study the ways in which these symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. Some subcultures achieve such a status that they acquire a name. Members of a subculture often signal their membership through a distinctive and symbolic use of style, which includes fashions, mannerisms, and argot. Examples of subcultures could include bikers, military personnel, and Star Trek fans.

Identifying Subcultures

It may be difficult to identify certain subcultures because their style—particularly clothing and music—may be adopted by mass culture for commercial purposes. Businesses often seek to capitalize on the subversive allure of subcultures in search of “cool,” which remains valuable in selling of any product. This process of cultural appropriation may often result in the death or evolution of the subculture, as its members adopt new styles that appear alien to mainstream society.

In 2007, Ken Gelder proposed six key ways in which subcultures can be identified:

• Through their often negative relations to work (as ‘idle’, ‘parasitic’, at play or at leisure, etc.)
• Through their negative or ambivalent relation to class (since subcultures are not ‘class-conscious’ and don’t conform to traditional class definitions)
• Through their association with territory (the ‘street’, the ‘hood’, the club, etc.), rather than property
• Through their movement out of the home and into non-domestic forms of belonging (i.e. social groups other than the family)
• Through their stylistic ties to excess and exaggeration (with some exceptions)
• Through their refusal of the banalities of ordinary life

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Essays on Subculture

Choosing the perfect subculture essay topic.

When it comes to writing an essay on subcultures, choosing the right topic is crucial. Subcultures are diverse and fascinating, and there are so many interesting aspects to explore. Whether you are studying sociology, anthropology, or cultural studies, selecting a compelling subculture essay topic is essential for producing a high-quality piece of work. In this article, we will discuss the importance of the topic, provide advice on choosing a topic, and offer a detailed list of recommended essay topics, divided into categories.

The Importance of the Topic

The topic of your essay sets the stage for the entire piece. It determines the scope of your research, the depth of your analysis, and the interest level of your readers. When it comes to subcultures, there are countless options to choose from, and each topic offers a unique opportunity to delve into the intricacies of human society and behavior. A well-chosen topic will not only make your essay more engaging but will also showcase your understanding of the subject matter and your ability to critically analyze and interpret information.

Choosing a Topic

When selecting a subculture essay topic, it's important to consider your own interests and passions. Think about the subcultures that intrigue you the most and that you feel you can write about with enthusiasm. Additionally, consider the availability of research material and resources for your chosen topic. It's essential to select a topic that is well-documented and has enough scholarly material to support your arguments and analysis. Finally, consider the relevance of the topic to the field of study and its potential impact on the reader.

Recommended Essay Topics

Music subcultures.

• The Evolution of Punk Rock Culture
• The Influence of Hip-Hop on Modern Society
• The Subculture of Heavy Metal Music Fans

Fashion Subcultures

• The History and Impact of Streetwear Culture
• The Rise of Goth Fashion and Its Influence on Popular Culture
• The Subculture of Sneakerheads: A Closer Look

Youth Subcultures

• The Role of Subcultures in Adolescent Identity Formation
• The Impact of Social Media on Modern Youth Subcultures
• The Subculture of Skaters: A Lifestyle and Community

Online Subcultures

• The Rise of Internet Subcultures and Their Influence on Mainstream Culture
• The Evolution of Memes: From Internet Subculture to Global Phenomenon
• The Subculture of Online Gaming: Community, Identity, and Social Interaction

Regional and Ethnic Subcultures

• The Unique Subculture of the Amish Community
• The Influence of Hispanic Subcultures on American Society
• The Subculture of Japanese Otaku: A Fascination with Anime and Manga

Counterculture Movements

• The Hippie Movement: Ideals, Impact, and Legacy
• The Counterculture of the 1960s and Its Influence on Modern Society
• The Subculture of Burning Man: Art, Community, and Radical Self-Expression

Choosing the right subculture essay topic is the first step towards producing a well-researched, insightful, and engaging piece of work. By considering your interests, the availability of research material, and the relevance of the topic, you can select a topic that will allow you to showcase your knowledge and critical thinking skills. The recommended essay topics provided in this article offer a diverse range of options, ensuring that you can find a topic that aligns with your interests and meets the requirements of your assignment. With the right topic, you can produce an essay that provides valuable insights into the complexities of subcultures and their impact on society.

Cosplay: an Exploration of The Subculture, Identity, and Psychological Impact

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A Study of The Origin of Gopnik, a Stereotyped Subculture in Russia

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Subculture Essays

336 samples on this topic

Emos. Punks. Hippies. Goths. Skinheads. Bikers. Trekkies. These and many more groups of people make subcultures that differentiate themselves from the parent cultures. These phenomena, along with their specific norms and values, are the subject matter of various cultural and social studies. If you are a college student whose academic path is contiguous to sociology, at some point, you will have to write a paper about subcultures in general or one of them in particular. To help you better understand how to approach various subculture essay topics, we've gathered this free catalog of sample papers.

The presented pieces were by and large crafted by experienced essay writers online with backgrounds in social sciences. The idea is to provide you with high-quality subculture essay examples so that you could use them as a source of inspiration and/or a model to follow. En route, spot the best practices used by professional writers and implement then in your own paper to make it stronger and more formidable in terms of style and content flow.

That said, keep in mind that you always have a backup in the form of WowEssays.com writing assistance service. Our experts can craft a unique subculture analysis essay or a research paper on the topic of your choice within the timeframe you set.

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Response to Question 1

The height in meters above Sea Level at the Point of observation is 960 meters MSL equivalent pressure MSL equivalent pressure also abbreviated as pMSL pMSL = pobs + pgzobs It is important to acknowledge that p is the density of air at the point of observation and g is the acceleration due to gravitational force and z is the height at the point of observation. In this case, p (density of air at the point of observation) = 1.2041 kg/m3; while g (acceleration due to gravity) = 9.81m/s2. The height in meters (z) at the observation point is 196 meters.

Taking these figures into consideration, pMSL will be attained as indicated below;

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6 Strategic Concepts That Set High-Performing Companies Apart

• Kaihan Krippendorff

Lessons from Microsoft, NVIDIA, Netflix, Tesla, and others.

Strategic concepts come in and out of fashion as the needs and dynamics of the marketplace change. Research and analysis of today’s landscape identifies six key strategic concepts that set outperforming companies apart: Borrow someone’s road, partner with a third party, reveal your strategy, be good, let the competition go, and adopt small scale attacks.

At the close of 2023, the California-based chip company Nvidia announced yet another quarter of record sales — an achievement that came hot on the heels of its entry to the elite club of U.S. enterprises with a $1 trillion market valuation earlier in the year. The company, whose success has been fueled by the AI boom, now holds approximately 80% of the global market share for GPU semiconductor chips .

• Kaihan Krippendorff is the co-author, with Robert C. Wolcott, of Proximity: How Coming Breakthroughs in Just-in-Time Transform Business, Society, and Daily Life  and founder of Outthinker Networks .

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1. teachers’ job satisfaction.

Only a third of teachers say they’re extremely or very satisfied with their job overall. About half (48%) say they’re somewhat satisfied, while 18% say they are not too or not at all satisfied with their job.

Compared with all U.S. workers (across different industries and occupations), teachers express much lower job satisfaction. In a Center survey conducted in early 2023 , 51% of all employed adults said they were extremely or very satisfied with their job overall.

Teachers’ job satisfaction is fairly consistent across grade levels, though elementary school teachers are somewhat less likely than high school teachers to say they’re extremely or very satisfied (30% vs. 36%). The share among middle school teachers is not significantly different from that of elementary or high school teachers.

Satisfaction with specific aspects of the job

When we asked teachers how satisfied they are with various aspects of their job, we found that teachers get the most satisfaction from their relationship with fellow teachers and the least satisfaction from how much they’re paid.

About seven-in-ten teachers (71%) are extremely or very satisfied with their relationship with other teachers at their school.

Between 45% and 52% are extremely or very satisfied with each of the following:

• Their relationship with administrators at their school (52%)
• How much freedom they have in implementing the curriculum (46%)
• Their relationship with their students’ parents (45%)

Fewer than four-in-ten are extremely or very satisfied with these aspects of their job:

• Access to the resources they need to do their job (36%)
• Opportunities for training or ways to develop new skills (36%)
• Benefits their employer provides (35%)

Only 15% are extremely or very satisfied with how much they are paid. And by far the highest level of dissatisfaction is over salary – 51% of teachers say they are not too or not at all satisfied with how much they are paid.

While views are largely consistent across groups of teachers and types of schools, there are some notable differences.

Differences by school level

Elementary school teachers stand out as being less satisfied than middle and high school teachers with how much freedom they have in implementing curriculum.

About four-in-ten elementary school teachers (39%) say they are extremely or very satisfied with this aspect of their job, compared with 50% of middle school teachers and 53% of high school teachers.

Elementary school teachers are more satisfied than middle and high school teachers when it comes to their relationships with their students’ parents: 55% are highly satisfied, compared with 38% of middle school teachers and 35% of high school teachers.

Differences by poverty level

Teachers in low-poverty schools are more satisfied than those in medium- and high-poverty schools when it comes to their relationship with their students’ parents: 51% are highly satisfied, compared with 39% and 40%, respectively.

And teachers in high-poverty schools are more likely than those in medium- and low-poverty schools to say they are not satisfied with how much freedom they have in implementing curriculum (30% vs. 22% and 17%, respectively, say they are not too or not at all satisfied).

Poverty levels are based on the percentage of students in the school who are eligible for free and reduced-price lunch.

Do teachers feel trusted to do their job well?

Teachers are skeptical overall that the public trusts teachers to do a good job. Only 18% think most Americans trust public K-12 teachers a great deal or a fair amount to do their job well.

We also asked teachers how much trust they think their peers, administrators, students and students’ parents have in them. Majorities think each group trusts them a great deal or a fair amount to do their job well. But they feel the least strongly about this when it comes to their students’ parents.

About six-in-ten teachers (58%) say they think other teachers at their school trust them a great deal to do their job well. Some 53% say the same about their school administrators, and a similar share (52%) say this about their students.

The share saying their students’ parents trust them a great deal to do their job well is significantly lower (30%).

Elementary school teachers are more likely than middle and high school teachers to say their students and their students’ parents trust them a great deal.

For example, 62% of elementary school teachers say they think their students trust them a great deal to do their job well, compared with 45% of middle school teachers and 41% of high school teachers.

Likelihood that teachers will change jobs

We asked teachers to think about the future and assess how likely it is that they will look for a new job this school year. About three-in-ten teachers (29%) say it’s at least somewhat likely they’ll look for a new job, with 11% saying it is extremely or very likely they’ll do this.

About seven-in-ten teachers (71%) say it’s not too or not at all likely they’ll look for a new job this year. (The 2% who say they’re likely to retire or stop working in the next year are not included.)

Among teachers who say they may look for a new job, 40% say they’re most likely to seek a job outside education. Roughly three-in-ten (29%) say they’ll look for a non-teaching job in education, 18% say they’ll look for a teaching job at another public K-12 school, and 2% say they’ll look for a teaching job in a private school.

An additional 10% say it’s most likely they will take some other path.

Would teachers recommend teaching as a profession?

Teachers are about evenly split over whether they would advise a young person starting out today to become a teacher – 48% say they would, and 52% say they would not.

High school teachers are more likely than middle or elementary school teachers to say they’d advise a young person to become a teacher (56% vs. 46% and 43%, respectively).

Teachers who are newer to the job have a different view on this than those who’ve been teaching for over a decade.

Among those who’ve been teaching for less than six years, 57% say they’d recommend teaching as a career. The share is significantly lower among those who’ve been teaching 11 years or more (45%).

For teachers who’ve been in the profession six to 10 years, the share (48%) is not significantly different from that of newer or more experienced teachers.

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Table of contents, ‘back to school’ means anytime from late july to after labor day, depending on where in the u.s. you live, among many u.s. children, reading for fun has become less common, federal data shows, most european students learn english in school, for u.s. teens today, summer means more schooling and less leisure time than in the past, about one-in-six u.s. teachers work second jobs – and not just in the summer, most popular.

About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .