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Pew research center’s most-read research of 2016.

Pew Research Center published 125 reports and more than 400 blog posts in 2016, covering a wide array of topics, from race and immigration, to the U.S. presidential election and religion. As the year draws to a close, we look back at our research that attracted the most readers, as measured by web visitors to our site.

1. America’s shrinking middle class: A close look at changes within metropolitan areas

The American middle class is shrinking in most metropolitan areas, according to our analysis of government data . From 2000 to 2014, the share of adults living in middle-income households fell in 203 of the 229 U.S. metropolitan areas examined. However, in 119 of the 229 areas, the share of adults in the upper-income tier increased more than the share of adults in the lower-income tier. To see if you are part of the American middle class, use  our calculator to find out which income group you are in. The results will compare you first with other adults in your metropolitan area and among American adults overall, and then with other adults in the U.S. similar to you in education, age, race or ethnicity, and marital status.

2. Behind Trump’s victory: Divisions by race, gender, education

In the 2016 election, a wide gap in presidential preferences emerged between those with and without a college degree, our post-election analysis of national exit poll data found. College graduates backed Clinton by a 9-point margin (52%-43%), while those without a college degree backed Trump 52%-44%. This was by far the widest gap in support among college graduates and non-college graduates in exit polls dating back to 1980.

3. Millennials are projected to overtake Baby Boomers as America’s largest generation

Note: Item No. 3 in this post was updated on April 13, 2018, to reflect the Center’s revised definition of the Millennial generation  and the updated year in which Millennials will be the largest generation .

4. Trump’s victory another example of how Electoral College wins are bigger than popular vote ones

For the fifth time in U.S. history, and the second time this century, a presidential candidate won the White House while losing the popular vote. This mismatch between the electoral and popular votes came about because Trump won several large states (such as Florida, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin) by very narrow margins, gaining all their electoral votes in the process, even as Clinton claimed other large states (such as California, Illinois and New York) by much wider margins. Trump’s share of the popular vote, in fact, was the seventh-smallest winning percentage since 1828, when presidential campaigns began to resemble those of today.

5. On views of race and inequality, blacks and whites are worlds apart

Our 2016 survey found profound differences between black and white adults in their views on racial discrimination, barriers to black progress and the prospects for change. Blacks, far more than whites, say black people are treated unfairly across different realms of life, from dealing with the police to applying for a loan or mortgage. And, for many blacks, racial equality remains an elusive goal. An overwhelming majority (88%) of blacks say the country needs to continue making changes for blacks to have equal rights with whites, but 43% are skeptical that such changes will ever occur. Among whites, 53% say the country still has work to do for blacks to achieve equal rights with whites, but only 11% express doubt that these changes will come.

6. Size of U.S. unauthorized immigrant workforce stable after the Great Recession

There were 8 million unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. working or looking for work in 2014, making up 5% of the civilian labor force, according to our most recent estimates using government data. The number was unchanged and the share was down slightly since 2009, the year the Great Recession officially ended. The recent stability in the trend for unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. workforce echoes that for the unauthorized immigrant population overall.

7. 2016 campaign: Strong interest, widespread dissatisfaction

As Republicans and Democrats prepared for their party conventions in June, our national survey painted a bleak picture of voters’ impressions of the presidential campaign and the choices they faced in November. Overall satisfaction with the candidates was at its lowest point in two decades and roughly four-in-ten voters told us it was difficult to choose between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton because neither would make a good president – as high as at any point since 2000. The presidential campaign was also widely viewed as excessively negative and not focused on important issues.

8. Clinton, Trump supporters have starkly different views of a changing nation

Our August survey revealed a wide gulf in how Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton supporters viewed the country. It found Donald Trump supporters overwhelmingly believed that life in America is worse than it was 50 years ago “for people like them,” while most Hillary Clinton supporters took the opposite view, saying life for people like them has gotten better over the past half-century. The candidates’ supporters also differed in their expectations for the nation’s future. Trump backers were broadly pessimistic, while Clinton supporters had mixed assessments.

9. 10 facts about atheists

Estimating the number of atheists in the U.S. is complicated. Some adults who describe themselves as atheists also say they believe in God or a universal spirit. At the same time, some people who identify with a religion (e.g., say they are Protestant, Catholic or Jewish) also say they do not believe in God.

But one thing is for sure: Along with the rise of religiously unaffiliated Americans (many of whom believe in God), there has been a corresponding increase in the number of atheists. Our June 2016 blog post rounded up key facts about atheists and their beliefs.

10. Presidential job approval ratings from Ike to Obama

“Do you approve or disapprove of the way ____ is handling his job as president?”

Our January 2016 blog post  looked at Pew Research Center presidential approval data going back to Bill Clinton, and  Gallup data  going back to Dwight Eisenhower. These ratings reflect how the public’s views of presidents have become  more politically polarized , as well as how key events in U.S. history have helped shape positive and negative views of our commanders in chief.

11. A new estimate of the U.S. Muslim population

In 2015, there were about 3.3 million Muslims of all ages living in the United States, according to our January 2016 estimate . This means that Muslims made up about 1% of the total U.S. population ( about 322 million people in 2015 ),  and we estimated that that share will double by 2050.

Our new estimate of Muslims and other faiths was based on a demographic projection that models growth in the American Muslim population since our 2011 estimate and includes both adults and children. The projection uses data on age, fertility, mortality, migration and religious switching drawn from multiple sources, including the 2011 survey of Muslim Americans.

12. U.S. religious groups and their political leanings

Mormons are the most heavily Republican-leaning religious group in the U.S., while a pair of major historically black Protestant denominations – the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church and the National Baptist Convention – are two of the most reliably Democratic groups, according to our February blog post based on data from Pew Research Center’s 2014 Religious Landscape Study .

13. State of the news media 2016

14. Most Americans already feel election coverage fatigue

When asked about various topics of campaign coverage, two areas stood out for being over-covered: About four-in-ten said there was too much coverage of candidates’ comments on the campaign trail and of their personal lives, higher than any other topics asked about. There was only one topic that most Americans said had received too little coverage – candidates’ stances on issues.

15. Muslims and Islam: Key findings in the U.S. and around the world

How many Muslims are there? Where do they live? Why is the global Muslim population growing? What do Muslims around the world believe? Our July blog post provided answers to these and other questions about Muslims, based on Pew Research Center findings from recent years.

Note: Item No. 3 in this post was updated on April 13, 2018.

To keep up with our research throughout the year, you can sign up for our newsletter , follow us on Twitter , or like us on Facebook .

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Millennials overtake Baby Boomers as America’s largest generation

6 demographic trends shaping the u.s. and the world in 2019, defining generations: where millennials end and generation z begins, 17 striking findings from 2017, most popular.

About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .

Scholarly Publishing in 2016: A Look Back at Global and National Trends in Research Publication

• Research Process

With AJE's second Annual Publishing Review, we look back at global and country-level statistics regarding scholarly publishing in 2016: the number of papers, popular fields, and journals and institutions with the most publications.

Updated on February 24, 2017

As a follow-up to last year's popular Annual Publishing Review , we took a look at the data about research publication in 2016. In our 2nd Review , you'll find updated information about

• The number of papers published in 2016 and the past decade
• Top fields of study
• Journals with the most published articles
• Institutions with the highest publication output
• A look back at scholarly publishing trends from 2006 to 2016

Click here to download AJE's 2nd Annual Publishing Review, featuring data on research published in 2016.

What was new in 2016

Global growth in publishing output continues to be very strong, with nearly 2.2 million articles published worldwide in 2016. Energy papers grow sharply, along with growth in medical fields. In many markets, Scientific Reports neared or surpassed the publication output of the trailblazing open access journal PLOS ONE .

Research around the world

In addition to our global review, we have individual reports focused on four major research centers: China, Japan, South Korea, and Brazil . Browse these reports to see what researchers in these countries have accomplished over the past decade.

• AJE Annual Publishing Review: Global data report
• AJE Scholarly Publishing Report: China (also available in Chinese )
• AJE Scholarly Publishing Report: Japan
• AJE Scholarly Publishing Report: South Korea
• AJE Scholarly Publishing Report: Brazil (also available in Portuguese )

For more data about scholarly publishing, see our full Publishing Trends series.

Ben Mudrak, PhD

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Highlights of Articles Published in Annals of Nuclear Medicine 2016

Hossein jadvar.

Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA

This article is the first installment of highlights of selected articles published during 2016 in the Annals of Nuclear Medicine, an official peer-reviewed journal of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. A companion article highlighting selected articles published during 2016 in the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, which is the official peer-reviewed journal of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, will also appear in the Annals Nuclear Medicine. This new initiative by the respective journals will continue as an annual endeavor and is anticipated to not only enhance the scientific collaboration between Europe and Japan but also facilitate global partnership in the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging.

In September 2016, the editors of the European Journal of Nuclear Medicine (official journal of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine) and the Annals of Nuclear Medicine (official journal of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine) announced a new section in each respective journal summarizing the highlights of published articles over the last year of the other journal ( 1 ). This new partnership is hoped to reinforce the scientific collaboration between Europe and Japan. In this first segment, I have summarized the information on 10 selected articles from an international authorship that were published in the Annals of Nuclear Medicine during January–December 2016. Although selection of articles is inherently somewhat subjective, but I attempted to provide a range of impactful topics and investigations that spanned from the preclinical to translational to clinical arenas in a concise manner.

Many central nervous system pathologies lead to microglial activation and the associated neuroinflammation ( 2 , 3 ). A relevant biomarker in this process is the 18kDa transloactaor protein (TSPO, formerly referred to as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor), which is overexpressed in activated microglia ( 4 ). Toyohara and colleagues from Japan performed a preclinical and first-in-human study in one normal human volunteer of 11 C-CB184 (N,N-di-n-propyl-2-[2-(4-[ 11 C]-methoxyphenyl)-6,8-dichloroimidazol[1,2-a]pyridine-3-yl]-acetamide) to characterize its suitability for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the TSPO as the biological target ( 5 ). The authors reported an optimized synthesis method, no acute toxicity, no pharmacological effects, and specific binding to TSPO. Radioactivity in the human brain peaked at 5 minutes following intravenous administration of 807 Mbq of tracer over 1 minute. The tracer was overall homogeneously distributed in the gray matter with thalamus demonstrating slightly higher uptake and caudate nucleus and centrum semiovale showing relatively the least amount of tracer localization. The levels of radioactively in the lungs decreased rapidly with activity levels in liver, kidney and bowel increasing gradually over 60 minutes with urinary excretion of activity. While these authors laid the groundwork, additional experience will be needed to assess the clinical utility 11 C-CB184 PET in the imaging evaluation of neuroinflammation and its relevance to patient care. For example, the authors note that binding affinity to TSPO may be affected by age and the rs6971 polymorphism in the TSPO gene, which was not characterized in their study ( 6 ). Additionally, the competitive advantage of 11 C-CB184 over other TSPO-targeted PET ligands, including those labeled with 18 F will need additional investigations ( 7 ).

The researchers at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Iran investigated the clinical utility of 99m Tc-TRODAT-1 single photon computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) in the differential diagnosis of movement disorders, specifically Parkinson’s disease (PD), parkinsonian syndrome (PS; multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, cortico-basal degeneration) essential tremor (ET), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP), etc. ( 8 ). This prospective study of 75 patients with movement disorders underwent 3h and 4h delayed SPECT-CT following intravenous administration of about 814–925 Mbq of 99m Tc-TRODAT-1. The images were examined visually and semi-quantitatively with parameters defined as activity levels in basal ganglia in relation to amount of activities in the occipital lobe and whole brain. The biological basis for recognizing PD is the imaging evidence for loss of dopamine transporter (DAT) in the presynaptic dopaminergic nerve terminals ( 9 ). Similar to prior studies, imaging with 99m Tc-TRODAT-1 was found to be useful as an objective recognition of PD among other disorders, which may present with similar signs and symptoms ( 10 – 12 ). The parameter “symptom oriented unevenness and asymmetry score”, as defined by the authors based on a combination of imaging and clinical features, provided acceptable sensitivity (80%) and specificity (83.3%) for differential diagnosis of PD/PS versus ET/DIP groups of patients; PD and PS could not be differentiated.

Cardiovascular

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The disease is manifested by progressive often therapy-resistant left ventricular (LV) dysfunction ( 13 ). Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) uses multisite cardiac electrical stimulation to restore LV synchrony in patients with DCM ( 14 ). CRT is often able to improve LV mechanical function, clinical symptoms, and reverse myocardial remodeling ( 15 ). However, about 30% of patients do not respond adequately to CRT intervention ( 14 ). Noninvasive imaging-based prediction of responders vs. nonresponders to CRT would be clinically useful. There have been a number of imaging investigations in this clinical space ( 16 ). Zavadovsky and colleagues from the Russian Federation studied the role of imaging information obtained from myocardial perfusion and metabolism in their combined predictive ability in assessing CRT efficacy in 63 patients with DCM and severe NYHA class III–IV heart failure ( 17 ). Both myocardial perfusion ( 99m Tc-MIBI) and myocardial metabolism ( 123 I-BMIPP) scintigraphic studies were performed prior to CRT. Response to CRT was assessed based on change in echocardiographic parameters from before CRT to 6-month after CRT. Responders were defined as those patients with decline in LV end systolic volume of ≥15% from pre- to post-CRT. Based on this echocardiographic definition, there were 39 responders and 24 nonresponders. Pre-CRT scintigraphic parameters were significantly different between these 2 groups. Both myocardial perfusion and myocardial metabolism defect sizes were significantly smaller in the responders than those in nonresponders (perfusion: 7.4% vs. 11.8%; metabolism: 7.4% vs. 8.8%, respectively). Only the metabolism defect size was statistically relevant with a defect size threshold of 7.35% associated with a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 67% in predicting CRT efficacy. This and other similar studies pave the way for building a comprehensive predictive model for tailoring CRT to those who would benefit most from this interventional procedure, which is in alignment with current emphasis on the concept of precision medicine.

Glioblastoma is a devastating cancer with dismal prognosis even after standard of care maximal surgical resection ( 18 ). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18 F-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET are not sufficiently accurate in delineating the extent of tumor prior to resection and in assessment for residual or recurrent tumor ( 19 ). The study by Kondo et al form Japan assessed the efficacy and safety of 18 F-fluciclovine (aka. anti - 18 F-FACBC) in a phase IIa imaging trial of 5 patients with glioma ( 20 ). The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 18 F-fluciclovine (commercialized as Axumin by Blue Earth Diagnostics, Inc., Oxford, UK) on May 27, 2016, for PET imaging evaluation of men with suspected prostate cancer recurrence based on elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels following prior definitive treatment ( 21 ). 18 F-fluciclovine is a synthetic amino acid (leucine) analog, useful for imaging increased amino acid metabolism in some tumors. Kondo et al showed that 18 F-fluciclovine is safe and accumulates in gliomas, which may be undetectable by contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI. Interestingly in this investigation, the tracer uptake reached peak activity in the brain tumor by 3 minutes and was then retained in the tumor for over 60 minutes. This is in contrast with that in prostate cancer tumors, in which the tumor tracer uptake peaks early at about 3–5 minutes post radiotracer injection and then washes out with time. This suggests that the time-activity curves may be different across tumors, which then raises the interesting notion for interrogating the underlying biological basis and mechanism for such radiotracer uptake differences among tumors.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRH-R) is a relevant biomarker in many cancers (e.g. breast cancer, ovarian cancer, etc.)( 22 – 24 ). Zoghi et al from Iran reported on the synthesis and biodistribution studies of 68 Ga-DOTA-triptorelin ( 68 Ga-DOTA-TRP) as a PET radioligand targeted to the GnRH-R ( 25 ). The authors reported a robust synthesis scheme with the radiotracer biodistribution demonstrating significant uptake in kidney (excretion route), stomach, and testes. In female mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer tumors, the tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios were 28 and >50 at 1h post intravenous tracer administration. There have been reports for radiotracers labeled with other PET radioisotopes (e.g. 18 F) targeted to GnRH-R ( 26 ). The report by Zoghi et al and other similar studies pave the way for development of potential therapy pairs that can provide opportunities for GnRH-R theranostics.

There have been a number of studies reported in literature comparing PET/CT and PET/MRI ( 27 , 28 ). In the vast majority of these studies, PET/MRI is performed as an add-on imaging session after the clinical and/or standard of care PET/CT is performed ( 29 – 31 ). Ishii et al from Japan compared the diagnostic performance of PET/CT and PET/MRI in 123 patients with a variety of confirmed primary cancers ( 32 ). As typical in these types of studies, PET/CT (Biograph mCT, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) was performed first which was then followed by PET/MRI (Biograph mMR, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). The mean FDG uptake times for PET/CT and PET/MRI were 68.0±8 min and 98.0±14 min, respectively, with about 35 min between the start times of the two hybrid imaging sessions. The longer uptake time is anticipated to advantage the PET with PET/MRI as demonstrated with prior dual time point FDG PET studies ( 33 ). In the study by Ishii and colleagues, no statistically significant difference was observed for overall detection efficiency between the two hybrid imaging techniques, despite discrepancy for a few lesions. As anticipated, PET/CT only detected a number of lung lesions missed on PET/MRI and PET/MRI only detected few brain lesions missed on PET/CT ( 34 ). In general, given the high soft tissue contrast of MRI, those organ systems that MRI is best suited for (e.g. brain, prostate) will likely benefit from PET/MRI rather than PET/CT ( 35 , 36 ). Conversely at this time, PET/CT is most appropriate for the imaging evaluation of the lung ( 37 ). No contrast agent was used for either imaging sessions, which might have also affected the final results. The authors reported total examination room time of 25 min for PET/MRI and 20 min for PET/CT. However, MRI time can be substantially longer depending upon the number and type sequences employed. Overall, it is not expected that PET/MRI will replace PET/CT due to a variety of reasons, but it is likely that at centers that have or will have PET/MRI, it will be employed for specific clinical scenarios, which will need to be defined, although use in pediatrics may be lead the indications given less radiation dose with PET/MRI in comparison to PET/CT ( 38 , 39 ).

Radionuclide Therapy

Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) has been advocated as an effective and safe treatment of unresectable primary and metastatic hepatic lesions ( 40 , 41 ). The procedure involves pretreatment planning for vascular mapping, possible embolization of selected vessels to prevent subsequent radioembolization of nontarget tissue, 99m Tc-MAA hepatic perfusion imaging with pulmonary and gastrointestinal tract shunt determination, and if appropriate, intraarterial hepatic injection of the radioactive resin ( 90 Y-SIR-Spheres) or glass ( 90 Y-TheraSphere), and post-treatment Bremsstrahlung imaging to confirm hepatic localization of the radioactive spheres ( 42 ). Soydal et al from Turkey reported on a retrospective investigation to assess the prognostic factors that predict overall survival in 16 patients with chemo-refractory cholangiocarcinoma who underwent radioembolization ( 43 ). FDG PET/CT was performed before and 3 months after treatment. At the third month 30% of patient were responsive to treatment based on RECIST criteria. About 80% of patients had FDG-avid hepatic lesions (defined as activity above background liver activity). The mean follow-up period was 243 days (range 98–839 days) during which 12 of 16 patients died. The authors concluded, through a multivariate Cox regression analysis, that FDG avidity and the dimension of the largest liver lesion, tumor load, and radiological response were significant prognostic factors in this clinical setting. Patients with non-FDG avid tumors, lower overall hepatic tumor load, and smaller tumors faired better with longer overall survival after radioembolization therapy. This study showed that number, size and metabolic activity of hepatic tumors (readily obtained with FDG PET/CT) could predict overall survival in these patients.

Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Systematic reviews and meta-analysis are important contributions to the relevant literature ( 44 ). This section highlights 2 such investigations that appeared in the Annals of Nuclear Medicine in 2016. Li et al from China performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of FDG PET and PET/CT in in detection of recurrent gastric cancer after surgical resection ( 45 ). Gastric adenocarcinoma recurs in more than half of patients even after complete primary tumor resection with curative intent ( 46 , 47 ). The standard of care methods such as contrast-enhanced CT imaging, endoscopy and tumor markers are limited in detection, localization and characterization of disease. This study included 14 published investigations from 2002–2015 involving a total of 828 patients. On a per patient basis, the pooled sensitivity and pooled specificity were 85% [95% confidence interval (CI): 75%–92%] and 78% [95% CI: 72%–84%], respectively. On a per lesion basis, the pooled sensitivity was 75% (95% CI: 61%–86%]. Per lesion basis pooled specificity could not be determined since there was no information on sites without recurrence and no FDG uptake. There were a number of sources for heterogeneity among studies including exclusion of signet cell and mucinous carcinomas (probably because of generally low FDG avidity), variety in reference standard for PET findings, and differences in incidence rates of cancer given that the majority of the articles were from Asia with only 2 studies from the western countries. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis, supporting the efficacy of FDG PET in this clinical setting, were overall similar to a prior report from the same institution in Shanghai, China, that involved 9 studies (526 patients) with a pooled sensitivity of 78% (95% CI: 68%–86%), and a pooled specificity of 82% (95% CI: 76%–87%) ( 48 ).

Another interesting systematic review and meta-analysis by von Eyben and Kairemo assessed whether there is a significant difference between lesion detection rates of 11C-choline and 18F-fluorocholine (FCH) in PET/CT imaging evaluation of men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after primary treatment with radical prostatectomy or external radiation therapy ( 49 ). About 30% of men develop recurrent disease after primary treatment with curative intent. While some of these cases may be sourced from insufficient initial staging with the current methods, some cases may relate to early escape of malignant cells or evolution of cancer deposits cells into expressing a more aggressive biology. Biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer is defined as a rise in serum prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSA) level from unmeasurable to levels >0.2 ng/mL after radical prostatectomoy with 2 subsequent confirmatory stable or rising PSA measurements ( 50 ). In the clinical setting of prior external radiation therapy for primary tumor, biochemical recurrence is defined as rise in PSA to levels >2.0 ng/mL above the nadir PSA level achieved after primary radiation therapy ( 51 ). It must be recognized that “pure” biochemical failure is the state of defined elevated PSA without standard of care imaging (contrast-enhanced chest, abdomen, and pelvis CT, bone scintigraphy, and most often now multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of prostate bed) evidence of locally recurrent or metastatic disease. Radiolabeled choline PET has received tremendous attention over the past many years in providing an alternative effective imaging method for detecting and localizing disease in men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer ( 52 – 57 ). In the systematic review and meta-analysis reported in Annals of Nuclear Medicine, von Eyben and Kairemo evaluated the technical and clinical aspects of 18 articles (6 11 C-choline, 12 FCH) comprising 2213 patients with suspected biochemical failure of prostate cancer with a mean PSA level of 3.6±2.7 ng/mL (range 0.5–10.5 ng/mL). Although there was statistically significant difference in the mean administered activity ( 11 C-choline: 561±122 Mbq, FCH: 293±47 Mbq) and uptake time ( 11 C-choline: 5 min, FCH: 29±24 min), there was nevertheless no statistically significant difference between the lesion detection rates ( 11 C-choline: 30±5%, FCH: 39±5, p=0.26). The authors concluded that in the clinically relevant PSA levels of 1–10 ng/mL, there was no statistically significant difference in the diagnostic performance between 11 C-choline and FCH. A prior study had also shown that there was excellent concordance between radiolabeled choline and radiolabeled acetate, on both a per-lesion and a per-patient basis, in this clinical setting ( 58 ). The combined results of these studies suggest that regardless of which lipogenesis PET radiotracer is employed, their diagnostic performance is essentially similar in the imaging evaluation of men with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.

National Survey

Watanabe and colleagues reported on a national survey of the actual administered radioactivity to adults for a variety of single-photon radiotracers as well as for FDG ( 59 ). The nationwide survey was conducted for nearly 2 months from November 25, 2014 to January 16, 2015 and was sent to 1249 nuclear medicine facilities in Japan. The survey questionnaire included items including average administered adult dose for common nuclear medicine procedures, number of scanners, number of staff members, and number of technologists and physicians. The primary objective of this survey was to determine the Japanese diagnostic reference levels (DLRs) for administered activities in adults and to decipher whether those levels are similar to those in the other regions of the world including Europe and North America. The survey response rate was a respectable 41%. The authors established through the results of this nationwide survey that the DLRs in Japan are in line with those in Europe except for 201 Tl-Cl myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (Japan: 180 MBq, Europe: 75–150 MBq), and for 99m Tc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigrahy (Japan: 300 MBq, Europe: 75–222 MBq). Conversely for FDG in oncologic PET scintigraphy and 123 I-NaI thyroid scintigraphy, the Japanese DRLs were at the lowest level of European DRLs. Moreover, none of the Japanese DRLs exceeded the upper limits of those recommended by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging (SNMMI). The authors concluded that their survey not only helped in the development of Japanese DRLs for nuclear medicine but also it demonstrated that the Japanese nuclear medicine facilities strongly follow the guidelines that are within the range of administered activities in Europe and North America.

The selected 10 articles published in the Annals of Nuclear Medicine during 2016 provided an interesting and impactful range of information in nuclear medicine and molecular imaging. The initiative of the EJNMMI and Annals of Nuclear Medicine editors of providing review of selected articles published during the past year in respective journals will be informative to the readership of either journal and enhance global scientific partnership.

Acknowledgments

Funding: National Institutes of Health grants R01-CA111613, R21-CA142426, R21-EB017568, and P30-CA014089.

Compliance with Ethical Standards

Conflict of Interest: The author declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the author.

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Analysis and evaluation of landslide susceptibility: a review on articles published during 2005–2016 (periods of 2005–2012 and 2013–2016)

• Review Paper
• Published: 30 April 2018
• Volume 11 , article number  193 , ( 2018 )

Cite this article

• Hamid Reza Pourghasemi   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-2998 1 ,
• Zeinab Teimoori Yansari 2 ,
• Panos Panagos 3 &
• Biswajeet Pradhan 4  

Landslides are one of the most important environmental hazards occur naturally or human-induced with large-scale social, economic, and environmental impacts. Landslide susceptibility zoning, which has been widely performed in the last decades, allows identifying spatial prediction of areas of landslides, which could be used for land use planning and land management. The present study was conducted as a review with the aim of investigating the research background of landslide susceptibility in the world during the period of 2005–2016. The results showed that the publication of papers related to landslide susceptibility during the period of investigation has been on the rise, and China has produced a larger number of papers and authors (13% of total). In addition, this article reviews the most popularly used models and the most frequently used input factors. Among different models, the logistic regression has been used as the most common method for assessing landslide susceptibility in 28.4% of the articles, and the slope gradient is considered as the most important conditioning factor in landslide occurrence in 94.2% of the articles. Finally, it is concluded that the recent technological developments in the field of remote sensing, computing technologies and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the increased data availability, and the awareness has arisen among media and recent policy developments are important elements for increasing the research interest in landslide susceptibility.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to appreciate from reviewers and Editor-in-Chief Comments.

The study was supported by College of Agriculture, Shiraz University (Grant no. 96GRD1M271143).

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Hamid Reza Pourghasemi

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Pourghasemi, H.R., Teimoori Yansari, Z., Panagos, P. et al. Analysis and evaluation of landslide susceptibility: a review on articles published during 2005–2016 (periods of 2005–2012 and 2013–2016). Arab J Geosci 11 , 193 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3531-5

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3531-5

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• 6.5 ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INCREASED ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND HBA1C AND LDL CHOLESTEROL LEVEL IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS
• 6.6 AORTIC-BRACHIAL STIFFNESS MISMATCH IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
• The Gumbel-Lomax Distribution: Properties and Applications
• Moving Robots Lies and Their Minds with Degree of Confidence in a Decentralized Autonomous FMS
• 6.7 FIRST EVIDENCE OF PULSATILE PRESSURE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MACRO-VASCULATURE AND MICRO-VASCULATURE: PROOF-OF-CONCEPT BY ASSOCIATION WITH KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
• 6.8 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIASTOLIC FUNCTION AND CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS IN DIABETIC HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
• 6.9 ANTIPLATELET AND VASCULAR EFFECTS OF ASPIRIN IN HEALTHY PERSONS AND PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
• 6.10 PERIPHERAL SENSORY NEUROPATHY AND VASCULAR ANGIOGENIC FACTORS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS IN GHANA
• 7.1 THE DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF LIVE FIREFIGHTING ON ARTERIAL FUNCTION IN FIREFIGHTERS
• 7.2 POOR SLEEP QUALITY RELATED TO WORSE VASCULAR FUNCTION IN INDIVIDUALS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
• 7.3 ASSESSMENT OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
• 7.4 HIGHER CAROTID STRAIN IN INDIVIDUALS WITH DOWN SYNDROME AT REST AND DURING HYPOVOLEMIC SYMPATHOEXCITATION
• 7.5 RETINAL VESSEL RESPONSES TO FLICKERING LIGHT PROVOCATION IN A COHORT OF BLACK AND WHITE TEACHERS: THE SABPA STUDY
• 7.6 THE DIFFERENCE IN GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY ON ARTERIES OF A BI-ETHNIC POPULATION: THE SABPA STUDY
• A clinical study of cutaneous changes in pregnancy
• 7.7 THE EFFECT OF MARINE N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ON CARDIAC AUTONOMIC AND HEMODYNAMIC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS: A RANDOMISED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL
• 7.8 ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION IN COPD PATIENTS
• 7.9 CAROTID ARTERY STIFFNESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH CT-MEASURED LUNG AIR-TRAPPING IN COPD PATIENTS AND CONTROLS INDEPENDENT OF AGE, BLOOD PRESSURE AND SMOKING HISTORY
• 7.10 AORTIC STIFFNESS AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
• Conquest Oriented Robot Knowing Its Own Availability
• Using SPIN to Check Simulink Stateflow Models
• 8.1 ARTERIAL STIFFNESS, BLOOD PRESSURE AND CARDIAC OUTPUT STUDY
• 8.3 QUANTIFYING HEART AND ARTERIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN SYSTOLE
• 8.4 DIURNAL CHANGES IN CENTRAL PRESSURE AND PULSE WAVE PARAMETERS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
• Development of Emotional State Model using Electromagnetic Signal Information for Rehabilitation Robot
• 8.5 HEMODYNAMICS DURING INTRA- AND INTERDIALYTIC PERIODS DEPEND ON ULTRAFILTRATION VOLUME
• 8.6 AEROBIC FITNESS LEVEL AND PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL COMPLIANCE – THE ROLE OF AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM TONE
• 8.7 CHANGES IN CARDIAC FUNCTION BUT NOT STRUCTURE IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS WITH PREMATURE VASCULAR AGEING
• Overview on the Developments and Applications of Hesitant Fuzzy Sets: An Uncertain Decision Making Tool
• 8.8 SYMPATHETIC VASOCONSTRICTOR RESPONSE TO LOWER BODY NEGATIVE PRESSURE IN YOUNG OBESE ADULTS: THE PRELIMINARY FINDING
• 8.9 REDUCTION IN MYOCARDIAL WALL STRESS AND DELAYED MYOCARDIAL RELAXATION DURING EXERCISE
• 8.10 BRACHIAL ARTERY FLOW-MEDIATED DILATATION: DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF WALL SHEAR RATE INCREASE DURING REACTIVE HYPERAEMIA
• Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding travel health among Muscat International Airport travelers in Oman: Identifying the gaps and addressing the challenges
• 8.11 CARDIO-ANKLE VASCULAR INDEX AND CAROTID-FEMORAL PULSE WAVE VELOCITY ARE CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONOLOGICAL AGE
• 9.1 ULTRASOUND CHARACTERIZATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR ALTERATIONS IN YOUNG OB/OB MICE
• 9.2 DELETION OF CHROMOSOME 9P21 NONCODING CARDIOVASCULAR RISK INTERVAL IN MICE INDUCES A PROTHROMBOTIC PHENOTYPE
• 9.3 FUNCTIONAL AORTIC CHANGES INDUCED BY A HIGH SALT DIET
• Knee Android Model Reproducing Internal-External Rotation with Screw-Home Movement of the Human Knee
• A View on Fuzzy Systems for Big Data: Progress and Opportunities
• 9.4 EVOLUTION OF CARDIAC FUNCTION AND METABOLISM DURING AGING IN A MURINE ANIMAL MODEL OF OBESITY
• 9.5 COAGULATION CONTROL BY THE RHOA PATHWAY AND THE EXCHANGE FACTOR ARHGEF1
• 9.6 VENTRICULAR VOLUME AND ARTERIAL FLOW DURING PRELOAD REDUCTION: AN MRI STUDY
• 9.7 THORACIC AORTA PWV ASSESSMENT BY USING 4D FLOW IN MRI
• 9.8 NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS) CAN DETECT IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTERIAL FUNCTION FOLLOWING 6-MONTHS OF MARATHON TRAINING
• 9.9 FLOW-MEDIATED SLOWING AS A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE NON-INVASIVE ASSESSMENT OF ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION
• 9.10 STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ARTERIAL ABNORMALITIES IN FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA ARE IN THE CONTINUUM OF HYPERTENSION: AN IMAGING AND BIOMECHANICAL STUDY
• 9.11 VASCULAR PHENOTYPING BY MEANS OF VERY HIGH-RESOLUTION ULTRASOUND IMAGING: A FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
• 10.1 OPTIMAL AUTOMATED UNOBSERVED OFFICE BLOOD PRESSURE PROTOCOL: ONLY 6-MINUTES AND TWO READINGS MAY BE NEEDED
• 10.2 EFFECTS OF INTER-ARM DIFFERENCES OF BRACHIAL SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE ON THE DERIVATION OF AORTIC SYSTOLIC PRESSURE
• 10.3 USE OF MICROLIFE BP WATCH IS A FEASIBLE APPROACH TO DETERMINE INTER-ARM BLOOD PRESSURE DIFFERENCES IN A CLINICAL SETTING
• Population-attributable fraction of hypertension associated with obesity, abdominal obesity, and the joint effect of both in the Central Provinces of Iran
• 10.4 COMPARISON OF BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY CALCULATED FROM PERIPHERAL AND DERIVED AORTIC BLOOD PRESSURE
• 10.5 COMPARISON OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS ASSESSED BY POPMÈTRE® WITH ARTERIAL STIFFNESS ASSESSED BY APPLANATION TONOMETRY: A CLINICAL STUDY
• 10.6 VARIATION OF THE ASYMPTOTIC DIASTOLIC PRESSURE WITH DIFFERENT FITTING TECHNIQUES IN HEALTHY HUMANS
• 10.7 NON-INVASIVE ESTIMATION OF CENTRAL SYSTOLIC PRESSURE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN RADIAL ARTERY TONOMETRY AND A NEW DIRECT CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE ESTIMATION METHOD (DCBP)
• 10.8 SYSTOLIC AORTIC PRESSURE DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT CALIBRATION METHODS IN THE GENERAL POPULATION
• 10.9 ARTERIAL STIFFNESS INDEX BETA AND CARDIO-ANKLE VASCULAR INDEX INHERENTLY DEPEND ON BLOOD PRESSURE, BUT CAN BE READILY CORRECTED
• Affective Human Computer Interaction
• 10.10 HEMODYNAMIC CORRELATES OF THE LEFT VENTRICULAR MEAN EJECTION PRESSURE: A CAROTID TONOMETRY STUDY
• 11.1 ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IS IMPAIRED IN WOMEN WHO HAD PRE-ECLAMPSIA
• 11.2 CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE TOPOGRAPHY IN RELATION TO RHEOLOGY OF THE PERIPHERAL SMALL ARTERIES IN MIDDLE AGED ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION MEN
• 11.3 ATHEROMATOSIS AND ENDOTHELIAL RESPONSE OF THE SMALL PERIPHERAL ARTERIES: A PERITONEAL DIALYSIS VERSUS HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS MISMATCH
• Percolation Thresholds on Tree-Based Communities of Wireless Sensor Networks
• 11.4 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND AORTIC STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
• 11.5 DIFFERENCES OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND AUGMENTATION INDEX BETWEEN DIALYSIS AND POST-DIALYSIS PERIODS IN PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE
• 11.6 THE AORTIC-TO-BRACHIAL STIFFNESS GRADIENT AND AORTIC RESERVOIR-EXCESS PRESSURE IN A DIALYSIS POPULATION
• Application of Risk Estimation of Noise-induced Hearing Loss Method in Evaluations of Occupational Disease Hazards in Construction Projects in China
• 11.7 AORTIC CALCIUM SCORE AFFECTS NON-INVASIVELY OBTAINED ESTIMATES OF CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
• 11.8 AORTIC SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IS NO LONGER MARKER OF THE ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN STABLE PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
• 11.9 PARAMETERS OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS HAVE INDEPENDENT PROGNOSTIC VALUE IN STABLE PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
• 11.10 ARTERIAL ELASTANCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE AND ARTERIAL PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
• 12.1 EVALUATION OF ACUTE EFFECTS OF COFFEE CONSUMPTION ON ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN HEALTHY ADULT PEOPLE USING AN OSCILLOMETRIC DEVICE
• 12.2 HIGH PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED VISIT-TO-VISIT SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY IN CONTROLLED ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
• 12.3 24 HOUR AMBULATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING AND PULSE WAVE VELOCITY PATTERNS IN KENYAN ADOLESCENTS
• 12.5 IMPAIRED REGULATION OF ARTERIAL WALL VISCOSITY DURING CHANGES IN BLOOD FLOW IN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
• Healthcare-seeking behaviors for acute respiratory illness in two communities of Java, Indonesia: a cross-sectional survey
• 12.6 THE ROLE OF NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE IN YOUNG ADULTS
• 12.7 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL ARTERIAL RESPONSE AND CIRCULATING BIOMARKERS OF PATIENTS WITH FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA
• 12.8 VENTRICULAR-ARTERIAL UNCOUPLING DOES NOT DEPEND ON ARTERIAL ELASTANCE AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
• Modeling and Control of a Suspended Gravity Compensation System with Rigid-Elastic Coupling
• 12.9 VENTRICULAR ARTERIAL COUPLING IN ISOMETRIC HANDGRIP TEST IN UNTREATED HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
• 12.10 REDUCED VENTRICULAR-ARTERIAL COUPLING AS AN EARLY MARKER OF CARDIOVASCULAR REMODELING IN HYPERTENSIVE MEN
• 12.11 SARCOPENIA AND VASCULAR RISK IN A HEALTHY ELDERLY UK POPULATION (BRAVES STUDY)
• 13.1 THE EFFECTS OF ALPHA 1-ADRENOCEPTOR-BLOCKADE AND ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITION ON INDICES OF AORTIC STIFFNESS MEASURED BY AN OSCILLOMETRIC SINGLE CUFF METHOD IN HYPERTENSION: THE DOXAZOSIN RAMIPRIL STUDY
• Multi-stage Optional Unrelated Question RRT Model
• 13.2 EFFECTS ON VASCULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF SINGLE AT1R BLOCKADE OR ITS COMBINATION WITH CCB, DIURETICS OR THEIR TRIPLE ASSOCIATION
• 13.3 SACUBITRIL/VALSARTAN THERAPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASE OF ARTERIAL ELASTANCE IN STABLE PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
• 13.4 SACUBITRIL/VALSARTAN THERAPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASE OF PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN STABLE PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
• An improved fruit fly optimization algorithm based on selecting evolutionary direction intelligently *
• An Overview on Fuzzy Modelling of Complex Linguistic Preferences in Decision Making
• 13.5 VENTRICULAR-ARTERIAL COUPLING DURING TREATMENT WITH BISOPROLOL AND BISIPROLOL/AMLODIPIN IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
• 13.6 SWITCHING TO BISOPROLOL/AMLODIPINE FDC ELIMINATES ADVERSE EFFECT OF A BETA-BLOCKER ON AORTIC PULSE PRESSURE AUGMENTATION
• 13.7 RENAL DENERVATION IN TREATMENT RESISTANT HYPERTENSION: EFFECTS ON CORONARY FLOW RESERVE AND FOREARM DILATION CAPACITY. A RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLINDED, SHAM-CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
• 13.8 VENTRICULO-VASCULAR INTERACTIONS AND THE ARTERIAL WINDKESSEL: NEW INSIGHTS FROM CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING BEFORE AND AFTER RENAL DENERVATION
• Ecological correlations of dietary food intake and mental health disorders
• 13.9 THE EFFECT OF ROSUVASTATIN ADDED TO A STANDARD ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY ON ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION
• 13.10 IMPACT OF THE GLYCEMIC CONTROL STATUS ON THE 2-YEAR PROGRESSION OF THE ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN ADD-ON A DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE 4 INHIBITOR TREATMENT
• 13.11 EFFECTS OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN ON EARLY ALTERATIONS OF THE MICRO- AND MACROCIRCULATION
• 14.1 MECHANISM OF AGE-RELATED INCREASES IN PULSE PRESSURE: LONGITUDINAL FOLLOW-UP OF THE TWINS UK COHORT
• 14.2 LONGITUDINAL CHANGE IN VASCULAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OVER A 5 YEAR PERIOD IN TWINS UK COHORT
• 14.3 IDEAL CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH IS INVERSELY ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED CAROTID-FEMORAL PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN ITALIAN ADOLESCENTS. THE MACISTE STUDY
• 14.4 A POSITIVE FAMILY HISTORY OF DIABETES IS ASSOCIATED WITH ARTERIAL STIFFNESS: THE MALMO DIET CANCER STUDY
• 14.5 LEVELS OF ANGIOPOIETIN-LIKE-2 ARE POSITIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH AORTIC STIFFNESS AND MORTALITY AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
• Analog Circuit Implementation and Full State Observation of Chua’s Circuit
• 14.6 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 24-HOUR BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY AND 24-HOUR CENTRAL ARTERIAL PRESSURE, PULSE WAVE REFLECTION AND STIFFNESS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS
• 14.7 HYALURONAN IS ASSOCIATED WITH AORTIC STIFFENING IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
• 14.8 VASCULAR ABNORMALITIES RELATED WITH OBESITY
• 14.9 INCREASED ARTERIAL STIFFNESS PREDICTS LESS RECOVERY OF LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
• Study on Performance Evaluation of Government Comprehensive Supervision for Safety Production Based on Balanced Score Card — A Case Study in Shandong Province, China
• Archaeological Distribution Map System Using Aggregate Information from Heterogeneous Information Sources
• 14.10 INCREASED CENTRAL PRESSURE AUGMENTATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED SLEEP DURATION IN INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO AIRCRAFT NOISE POLLUTION: THE SERA-CV STUDY
• 14.11 TOTAL ARTERIAL COMPLIANCE AS A RISK FACTOR FOR ORGAN DAMAGE IN HYPERTENSION
• 15.1 ANALYSIS OF THREE STATISTICAL METHODS TO PREDICT THE PRESENCE OF CAROTID ATHEROMATOUS PLAQUES
• 15.2 ESTIMATES OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES: A COMPARISON OF SPHYGMOCOR AND ARTERIOGRAPH
• 15.3 ARTERIAL STIFFNESS RECORDINGS WITH POPMÈTRE® IN A GENERAL PRIMARY CARE POPULATION: THE IPC COHORT
• 15.4 MEASURING ARTERIAL STIFFNESS WITH POPMÈTRE® IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION PROGRAM
• 15.5 ASSOCIATION OF A NEW SURROGATE OF TOTAL ARTERIAL COMPLIANCE WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS: THE SAFAR STUDY
• 15.6 INFLUENCE OF THE PRESSURE MEASURING SITE FOR VELOCITY/PRESSURE LOOPS
• 15.7 STUDY OF WAVE DYNAMICS OF AN EXTRA-AORTIC COUNTERPULSATION DEVICE IN A ONE-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER MODEL OF THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM
• 15.8 AN EXTENDED ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARTERIAL NETWORK MODEL FOR THE SIMULATION OF PRESSURE AND FLOW IN UPPER AND LOWER LIMB EXTREMITIES
• A retrospective analysis of meningioma in Central Texas
• Automatic Generation, Creativity, and Production of Narrative Content

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article

This article is part of the research topic.

Beyond audiovisual: novel multisensory stimulation techniques and their applications

Audio-Visual-Olfactory Immersive Digital Nature Exposure for Stress and Anxiety Reduction: A Systematic Review on Systems, Outcomes, and Challenges Provisionally Accepted

• 1 Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Canada

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Evidence supporting the benefits of immersive virtual reality (VR) and exposure to nature for the well-being of individuals is steadily growing. So-called digital forest bathing experiences take advantage of the immersiveness of VR to make individuals feel like they are immersed in nature, which has led to documented improvements in mental health. The majority of existing studies have relied on conventional VR experiences, which stimulate only two senses: auditory and visual. However, the principle behind forest bathing is to have one stimulate all of their senses to be completely immersed in nature. As recent advances in olfactory technologies have emerged, multisensory immersive experiences which stimulate more than two senses may provide additional benefits. In this systematic literature review, we investigate the multisensory digital nature setups used and their psychological and psychophysiological outcomes; particular focus is placed on the inclusion of smells as the third sensory modality. We searched papers published between 2016 and April 2023 on PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and IEEE Xplore. Results from our quality assessment revealed that the majority of studies (twelve) were of medium or high quality, while two were classified as low quality. Overall, the findings from the reviewed studies indicate a positive effect of including smells to digital nature experiences, with outcomes often comparable to conventional exposure to natural environments.The review concludes with a discussion of limitations observed in the examined studies and proposes recommendations for future research in this domain.

Keywords: virtual reality, natural environment, Olfactory stimuli, Multisensory virtual reality, Psychological outcome, Psychophysiological outcome, stress/anxiety, Relaxation

Received: 03 Jul 2023; Accepted: 08 Apr 2024.

Copyright: © 2024 Lopes and Falk. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Mx. Marilia Lopes, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Quebec City, Canada Dr. Tiago H. Falk, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Quebec City, Canada

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Guest Essay

José Andrés: Let People Eat

By José Andrés

Mr. Andrés is the founder of World Central Kitchen.

In the worst conditions you can imagine — after hurricanes, earthquakes, bombs and gunfire — the best of humanity shows up. Not once or twice but always.

The seven people killed on a World Central Kitchen mission in Gaza on Monday were the best of humanity. They are not faceless or nameless. They are not generic aid workers or collateral damage in war.

Saifeddin Issam Ayad Abutaha, John Chapman, Jacob Flickinger, Zomi Frankcom, James Henderson, James Kirby and Damian Sobol risked everything for the most fundamentally human activity: to share our food with others.

These are people I served alongside in Ukraine, Turkey, Morocco, the Bahamas, Indonesia, Mexico, Gaza and Israel. They were far more than heroes.

Their work was based on the simple belief that food is a universal human right. It is not conditional on being good or bad, rich or poor, left or right. We do not ask what religion you belong to. We just ask how many meals you need.

From Day 1, we have fed Israelis as well as Palestinians. Across Israel, we have served more than 1.75 million hot meals. We have fed families displaced by Hezbollah rockets in the north. We have fed grieving families from the south. We delivered meals to the hospitals where hostages were reunited with their families. We have called consistently, repeatedly and passionately for the release of all the hostages.

All the while, we have communicated extensively with Israeli military and civilian officials. At the same time, we have worked closely with community leaders in Gaza, as well as Arab nations in the region. There is no way to bring a ship full of food to Gaza without doing so.

That’s how we served more than 43 million meals in Gaza, preparing hot food in 68 community kitchens where Palestinians are feeding Palestinians.

We know Israelis. Israelis, in their heart of hearts, know that food is not a weapon of war.

Israel is better than the way this war is being waged. It is better than blocking food and medicine to civilians. It is better than killing aid workers who had coordinated their movements with the Israel Defense Forces.

The Israeli government needs to open more land routes for food and medicine today. It needs to stop killing civilians and aid workers today. It needs to start the long journey to peace today.

In the worst conditions, after the worst terrorist attack in its history, it’s time for the best of Israel to show up. You cannot save the hostages by bombing every building in Gaza. You cannot win this war by starving an entire population.

We welcome the government’s promise of an investigation into how and why members of our World Central Kitchen family were killed. That investigation needs to start at the top, not just the bottom.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has said of the Israeli killings of our team, “It happens in war.” It was a direct attack on clearly marked vehicles whose movements were known by the Israel Defense Forces.

It was also the direct result of a policy that squeezed humanitarian aid to desperate levels. Our team was en route from a delivery of almost 400 tons of aid by sea — our second shipment, funded by the United Arab Emirates, supported by Cyprus and with clearance from the Israel Defense Forces.

The team members put their lives at risk precisely because this food aid is so rare and desperately needed. According to the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification global initiative, half the population of Gaza — 1.1. million people — faces the imminent risk of famine. The team would not have made the journey if there were enough food, traveling by truck across land, to feed the people of Gaza.

The peoples of the Mediterranean and Middle East, regardless of ethnicity and religion, share a culture that values food as a powerful statement of humanity and hospitality — of our shared hope for a better tomorrow.

There’s a reason, at this special time of year, Christians make Easter eggs, Muslims eat an egg at iftar dinners and an egg sits on the Seder plate. This symbol of life and hope reborn in spring extends across religions and cultures.

I have been a stranger at Seder dinners. I have heard the ancient Passover stories about being a stranger in the land of Egypt, the commandment to remember — with a feast before you — that the children of Israel were once slaves.

It is not a sign of weakness to feed strangers; it is a sign of strength. The people of Israel need to remember, at this darkest hour, what strength truly looks like.

José Andrés is a chef and the founder of World Central Kitchen.

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See the full list of past total solar eclipses in the U.S. since 1778 ahead of the 2024 show today

By Kerry Breen

Updated on: April 8, 2024 / 12:17 PM EDT / CBS News

A  rare total solar eclipse will be visible in parts of the United States today . Those in the path of totality will have the opportunity to see the sun be fully covered by the moon for several minutes.

Total solar eclipses are rare , and aren't often visible from the U.S. The last time one occurred here  was in 2017 , and the U.S. won't see another until 2044 .

Here's a list of all the times a total solar eclipse has been recorded in the United States. 

Total solar eclipse in the U.S. during the 18th century

The first recorded total solar eclipse was in 1778, according to NASA , just a few short years after the United States became an independent country. The eclipse was visible from the Carolinas to New England, and was noted by historical figures like Thomas Jefferson, according to Mount Vernon , the museum established in former President George Washington's estate. Troops in Washington's army also noted the event. 

List of total solar eclipses in the U.S. during the 19th century

1806: The first total solar eclipse of the 1800s occurred in 1806, according to the National Parks Service . The path of that eclipse would have crossed from Arizona, through the Midwest and into New England, according to NASA . 

1869: The next total solar eclipse was recorded in 1869. The path of totality stretched from Alaska to the Carolinas, according to NASA . Photos of the event were published in Harper's Magazine, the service said, the first mass publication to do so. 

1878: The next total solar eclipse occurred in 1878, and the path of totality arced from Alaska through Louisiana, according to NASA . It was studied by an all-woman team of astronomers, according to the parks service, and Thomas Edison himself traveled to see the event, bringing scientific equipment to study the sun's corona during the eclipse. 

List of total solar eclipses in the U.S. during the 20th century

1900: The first eclipse of the 20th century was in 1900, according to the parks service. The path of totality of that eclipse brought it over Wadesboro, North Carolina.

1918: In June 1918, a total solar eclipse was visible from Washington to Florida, according to the parks service. It was the last time a total solar eclipse would be visible across the entire continent for nearly 100 years. 

1925: This was followed by another total solar eclipse in January 1925, which was visible from Minnesota through New England, according to NASA . 

1932: In August 1932, another total solar eclipse was visible in North America. The path of totality for this eclipse was mostly in Canada, according to NASA , but was visible in northern New England including parts of Vermont, Maine, New Hampshire and Massachusetts. 

1963: The next total solar eclipse in the U.S. wasn't until July 1963. This eclipse was visible in Alaska and parts of northern New England, according to NASA . 

1970: In March 1970, another total solar eclipse was visible from the coast of the Southwest United States. Watch CBS News coverage of that event in the video below:

1979: The last eclipse that NASA recorded in the 20th century took place in 1979. This eclipse was visible in the Pacific Northwest and parts of Idaho and the Dakotas, but the path of totality mostly arced through Canada. 

Total solar eclipses in the U.S. during the 21st century so far

Only two total solar eclipses have been visible from the United States during the 21st century. The first was the total solar eclipse of 2017 , which was visible across the country . This was the first time such an event had occurred since 1918, and millions gathered to watch . 

The April 8, 2024, eclipse will be the next total solar eclipse visible in the U.S. The path of totality for this eclipse will stretch from Texas to the Northeast. The eclipse will start on Mexico's Pacific coast at just after 11 a.m. PDT before traveling across the U.S. and into Canada. The eclipse will leave North America around 5:19 p.m. EDT. 

The eclipse is expected to attract millions of spectators. Some areas where the event will be most visible have already declared local states of emergency to account for the number of expected visitors. 

When will the next total solar eclipse be visible in the U.S.?

After the April 8 eclipse, the U.S. won't see another total solar eclipse for decades. The next total solar eclipse visible from the United States will occur in August 2044. 

Total solar eclipses typically happen every one to three years somewhere around the globe, but the events are often only visible from Earth's poles or from the middle of the ocean. 

Kerry Breen is a reporter and news editor at CBSNews.com. A graduate of New York University's Arthur L. Carter School of Journalism, she previously worked at NBC News' TODAY Digital. She covers current events, breaking news and issues including substance use.

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When is the next total solar eclipse in the U.S. after today?

When was the last total solar eclipse in the U.S.? Revisiting 2017

Why do total solar eclipses happen? Learn what causes the celestial show

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April 2, 2024, update for Word 2016 (KB5002571)

This article describes update 5002571 for Microsoft Word 2016 that was released on April 2, 2024.

Be aware that the update in the Microsoft Download Center applies to the Microsoft Installer (.msi)-based edition of Office 2016. It doesn't apply to the Office 2016 Click-to-Run editions, such as Microsoft Office 365 Home. (See  What version of Office am I using? )

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Updates OLE linking to better match the support for an extended range of characters.

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Biden Did Not Ban Religion from White House Easter Egg Art Contest, Despite False Reports

Days of misleading reporting from fox news and the daily caller fueled the flames of this false rumor. here are the facts., jordan liles, published april 1, 2024.

About this rating

In late March 2024, two purported controversies gained steam online involving U.S. President Joe Biden and the Easter holiday, just before the April 1 White House Easter egg roll — an  annual  Easter-themed event for children and families traditionally held on the White House South Lawn.

One such controversy involved the fact that, in 2024, Easter fell on the same day as Transgender Day of Visibility. Critics lashed out after Biden officially recognized both special days. As we reported , the truth was that Easter's date varies by year, while Transgender Day of Visibility has taken place on March 31 for more than a decade.

The other controversy involved a false rumor about the origination of guidelines for an annual Easter egg contest. This rumor was promoted by both Fox News and The Daily Caller, among others. 

False Reporting from Fox News and The Daily Caller

On March 29, the homepage of FoxNews.com displayed the false headline "White House bans religious-themed designs from Easter egg art contest." The headline is visible partway down a  page archived by the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine.

As of this writing on April 1, the article 's headline read, "Religious-themed designs banned from White House Easter egg art contest." It's unclear whether this headline was the story's original headline and whether the other headline — "White House bans religious-themed designs from Easter egg art contest" — was visible on only the FoxNews.com homepage.

Then, on the Fox News TV channel on April 1, "The Faulkner Focus" host Harris Faulkner asked "Fox & Friends" co-host Brian Kilmeade, "So, the New York Post with this: 'Religious-themed designs banned from the White House Easter egg art contest.' What in the world is that about?!" Kilmeade answered, "More stupidity."

However, the truth was Faulkner had just cited the very same Fox News article after it had been republished on the New York Post website . This was evident because the same Fox News reporter's name and "Fox News" both appeared at the top of the page.

The official Fox News Facebook page also falsely  posted , "BAD EGG: The White House is laying down new rules for the religious holiday tradition — no 'religious symbols' or 'overtly religious themes.'"

Further, The Daily Caller published an article with the false headline "White House Bans Religious Easter Eggs From Art Contest." The same headline appeared on The Daily Caller's Facebook page .

Here Are the Facts

The Biden administration had not, in fact, banned religion from an Easter egg art contest in 2024 or any other year.

The Easter egg contest is organized annually by the  American Egg Board — a government-created program falling under the USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service. Designs are submitted on paper by children of National Guard families. The deadline in 2024 was Jan. 22, according to a  flyer  promoting the contest. The flyer also said, "Selected designs representing the unique experience and stories of National Guard children will be brought to life on real hen eggs by talented egg artists from across the country and displayed at the White House this Easter and Passover season."

A March 31, 2024, news release  on the American Egg Board website began as follows:

As part of the many Easter traditions celebrated at the White House, America's Egg Farmers are proud to have collaborated with the White House on the "Colonnade of Eggs," celebrating First Lady Jill Biden's commitment to supporting those who serve our country and their families. Appearing in the East Colonnade of the White House, the exhibit features eggs designed by children from National Guard families across the country.

This is key: The same news release also said the American Egg Board had overseen the contest for years "while remaining non-discriminatory and not showing preference to any individual religious or political viewpoints, as AEB is prohibited from doing as a national checkoff organization."

As such, one of the submission guidelines on the aforementioned flyer read, "The submission must not include any questionable content, religious symbols, overtly religious themes or partisan political statements."

In other words, the same guidelines were in place during previous presidential administrations, including under former U.S. President Donald Trump.

In an emailed statement, Emily Metz, president and CEO of the American Egg Board, told Snopes, "The American Egg Board has been a supporter of the White House Easter Egg Roll for over 45 years and the guideline language referenced in recent news reports has consistently applied to the board since its founding, across administrations."

White House deputy press secretary Andrew Bates also told Snopes in a statement regarding the false rumors of the egg contest, "They're lying while criticizing every President who's been in office for the last 45 years."

Photos from 2024 Egg Contest Submissions

First lady Jill Biden's staff posted pictures on Facebook of some this year's eggs featured in the White House's "Colonnade of Eggs."

The American Egg Board said in its news release that in 2021 the first lady and her staff expanded the egg art showcase with "larger exhibits" than had been present under previous administrations.

Updates from Fox News and The Daily Caller

As of this writing, the Fox News story has been updated but does not feature a clear and separate editor's note that would inform readers the website originally reported misleading information. The only indication to readers the article was updated appeared within one of the story's final paragraphs. Further, the aforementioned Facebook post was not corrected.

The Daily Caller has since added an editor's note to the bottom of its article but did not change its headline or correct all the other false statements in its story. In other words, the article was still promoting false information. The editor's note was apparently added on either  March 31  or  April 1 , according to archived page captures on both dates saved on the archive.today website.

Snopes received an emailed response from Fox News indicating it was looking into the matter. The Daily Caller had not responded by press time after we contacted it via an email address on its "journalistic and ethical standards" page . That page said of its reporting standards, "We won't publish what we can't prove."

This story will be updated if we receive any further pertinent responses.

Update: On April 2, 2024, The Daily Caller published a retraction of its article.

"2024 Call for Youth Art: Celebrating National Guard Families." FirstLiberty.org , 2024, https://firstliberty.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/2024_Youth_Art_Egg_Flyer.pdf.

"About Us." American Egg Board , https://www.incredibleegg.org/about-us/.

American Egg Board | Agricultural Marketing Service . https://www.ams.usda.gov/rules-regulations/research-promotion/eggs.

Archive.today Webpage Capture . https://archive.is/.

Baragona, Justin. X , 1 Apr. 2024, https://twitter.com/justinbaragona/status/1774823737126203883.

Frieman, Julianna. "White House Bans Religious Easter Eggs From Art Contest." The Daily Caller , 29 Mar. 2024, https://dailycaller.com/2024/03/29/white-house-religious-easter-egg-designs-national-guard-art-contest-biden/.

Hawkinson, Katie. "American Egg Board Forced to Respond to Republican Conspiracy Theory about White House Easter Event." The Independent , 31 Mar. 2024, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/white-house-easter-egg-roll-religious-symbols-b2521370.html.

Perlmutter-Gumbiner, Elyse, and Alexandra Marquez. "Conservatives Shell Long-Standing White House Easter Egg Contest." NBC News , 31 Mar. 2024, https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/conservatives-shell-decades-long-white-house-easter-egg-contest-rcna145771.

"Procedures: The First Amendment and Agriculture." The National Agricultural Law Center , 24 Mar. 2022, https://nationalaglawcenter.org/procedures-the-first-amendment-and-agriculture/.

"Special Easter Egg Exhibit at the White House in Collaboration with America's Egg Farmers Celebrates National Guard Children." American Egg Board , 31 Mar. 2024, https://www.incredibleegg.org/about-us/newsroom/special-easter-egg-exhibit-at-the-white-house-in-collaboration-with-americas-egg-farmers-celebrates-national-guard-children/.

Superville, Darlene, and Will Weissert. "White House Easter Egg Roll Draws a Huge Crowd after Storm-Delayed Start." The Associated Press , 1 Apr. 2024, https://apnews.com/article/joe-jill-biden-easter-egg-roll-985e4e994529bcbdb80898a62b9fe5fb.

Tietz, Kendall. "Religious-Themed Designs Banned from White House Easter Egg Art Contest." Fox News , 29 Mar. 2024, https://www.foxnews.com/media/religious-themed-designs-banned-white-house-easter-egg-art-contest.

"Wayback Machine." Internet Archive , https://web.archive.org/.

"When Did the White House Host Its First Easter Egg Roll?" The White House Historical Association , https://www.whitehousehistory.org/questions/what-is-the-history-of-the-white-house-easter-egg-roll.

April 2, 2024: This article was updated to add a note saying The Daily Caller retracted its article.

By Jordan Liles

Jordan Liles is a Senior Reporter who has been with Snopes since 2016.

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• Published: 08 July 2016

Beat it, impact factor! Publishing elite turns against controversial metric

• Ewen Callaway  

Nature volume  535 ,  pages 210–211 ( 2016 ) Cite this article

7180 Accesses

146 Citations

1533 Altmetric

Metrics details

This article has been updated

Senior staff at leading journals want to end inappropriate use of the measure.

The tide is turning against the impact factor —one of publishing’s most contentious metrics — and its outsized impact on science.

Calculated by various companies and promoted by publishers, journal impact factors (JIFs) are a measure of the average number of citations that articles published by a journal in the previous two years have received in the current year.

They were designed to indicate the quality of journals, but researchers often use the metric to assess the quality of individual papers — and even, in some cases, their authors.

Now, a paper posted to the preprint server bioRxiv 1 on 5 July, authored by senior employees at several leading science publishers (including Nature’ s owner, SpringerNature), calls on journals to downplay the figure in favour of a metric that captures the range of citations that a journal’s articles attract.

And in an editorial that will appear on 11 July in eight of its journals, the American Society for Microbiology in Washington DC will announce plans to remove the impact factor from its journals and website, as well as from marketing and advertising.

“To me, what’s essential is to purge the conversation of the impact factor,” says ASM chief executive Stefano Bertuzzi, a prominent critic of the metric. “We want to make it so tacky that people will be embarrassed just to mention it.”

Bertuzzi was formerly the executive director of the American Society for Cell Biology, which banned the mention of impact factors from its annual meeting.

Brace for impact

Heidi Siegel, a spokesperson for London-based business-analytics firm Thomson Reuters, the major publisher of the JIF, says that the measure is a broad-brush indicator of a journal’s output — and should not be used as a proxy for the quality of any single paper or its authors. “We believe it is important to have a measure of the impact of the journal as a whole, and this is what the JIF does,” says Siegel.

But many scientists, funders and journals do not use it that way, notes Stephen Curry, a structural biologist at Imperial College London who is lead author on the bioRxiv preprint paper. Many researchers evaluate papers by the impact factor of the journals in which they appear, he worries, and impact factor can also influence decisions made by university hiring committees and funding agencies.

Past research suggests that such uses are inappropriate. To emphasize some of the limitations of the impact factor, Curry’s team plotted the distribution of citations for articles published in 2013–14 in 11 journals, including Science , Nature , eLife and three Public Library of Science (PLoS) journals. These are the citations used to calculate the 2015 impact factors. Curry’s co-authors include senior employees at SpringerNature, eLife, PLoS, the Royal Society (which publishes several journals) and EMBO Press, and Marcia McNutt, who stepped down on 1 July from her role as editor-in-chief of Science .

Most of the papers garnered fewer citations than the impact factor for their journal: 74.8% of Nature articles were cited below its impact factor of 38.1, and 75.5% of Science  papers were cited fewer than 35 times in two years (its impact factor was 34.7). PLoS Genetics  had the lowest proportion of papers with fewer citations than its impact factor of 6.7, at 65.3%.

Highly cited papers explain this disconnect. Nature ’s most cited paper in the analysis was referenced 905 times and Science ’s 694 times. PLoS ONE ’s biggest paper accrued 114 citations, versus its impact factor of 3.1.

A measure of change

Some journals, such as those published by the Royal Society and EMBO Press, already publicize citation distribution. Curry and his fellow authors explictly recommend that other publishers play down their impact factors, and, instead, emphasize citation distribution curves such as those that his team generated, because they provide a more informative snapshot of a journal’s standing. The preprint includes step-by-step instructions for journals to calculate their own distributions.

A spokesperson for Nature says that the journal will soon update its websites “to cover a broader range of metrics”, and a representative of Science has stated that the journal will consider the proposal once the preprint article is published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Ludo Waltman, a bibliometrics researcher at Leiden University in the Netherlands, says that citation distributions are more relevant than impact factors for high-stakes decisions, such as hiring and promotion. But he is wary of doing away with impact factors entirely; they can be useful for researchers who are trying to decide which among a pile of papers to read, for instance.

“Denying the value of impact factors in this situation essentially means that we deny the value of the entire journal publishing system and of all the work done by journal editors and peer reviewers to carry out quality control,” Waltman says. “To me, this doesn’t make sense.”

Anti-impact-factor crusaders say that it will take time to diminish the influence of the figure, let alone exile it. “This is a cultural thing,” says Bertuzzi, “and it takes pressure from multiple points to change behaviour”.

Change history

12 july 2016.

An earlier version of this story provided an incorrect definition for impact factor – this has now been corrected.

Lariviere, V. et al. Preprint at http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/07/05/062109 (2016).

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NIH metric that assesses article impact stirs debate 2015-Nov-06

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Evaluation: Moving away from metrics 2015-Apr-29

Transparency promised for vilified impact factor 2014-Jul-29

The maze of impact metrics 2013-Oct-16

Researchers feel pressure to cite superfluous papers 2012-Feb-02

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Callaway, E. Beat it, impact factor! Publishing elite turns against controversial metric. Nature 535 , 210–211 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2016.20224

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