Poverty in India Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on poverty in india.

Poverty refers to a situation in which a person remain underprivileged from the basic necessities of life. In addition, the person does not have an inadequate supply of food, shelter, and clothes. In India, most of the people who are suffering from poverty cannot afford to pay for a single meal a day. Also, they sleep on the roadside; wear dirty old clothes. In addition, they do not get proper healthy and nutritious food, neither medicine nor any other necessary thing.

Poverty in India Essay

Causes of Poverty

The rate of poverty in India is increasing because of the increase in the urban population. The rural people are migrating to cities to find better employment. Most of these people find an underpaid job or an activity that pays only for their food. Most importantly, around crores of urban people are below the poverty line and many of the people are on the borderline of poverty.

Besides, a huge number of people live in low-lying areas or slums. These people are mostly illiterate and in spite of efforts their condition remains the same and there is no satisfactory result.

Furthermore, there are many reasons that we can say are the major cause of poverty in India. These causes include corruption, growing population, poor agriculture , the wide gap of rich and poor, old customs, illiteracy, unemployment and few more. A large section of people are engaged in an agricultural activity but the activity pays very less in comparison to the work done by employees.

Also, more population needs more food, houses and money and in the lack of these facilities the poverty grows very quickly. In addition, being extra poor and extra rich also widens the gap between the rich and poor.

Moreover, the rich are growing richer and the poor are getting poorer creating an economic gap that is difficult to fill up.

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Effects of Poverty

It affects people living in a lot of ways. Also, it has various effects that include illiteracy, reduced nutrition and diet, poor housing, child labor, unemployment , poor hygiene and lifestyle, and feminization of poverty, etc. Besides, this poor people cannot afford a healthy and balanced diet, nice clothes, proper education , a stable and clean house, etc. because all these facilities require money and they don’t even have money to feed two meals a day then how can they afford to pay for these facilities.

The Solutions for Ending Poverty

For solving the problem of poverty it is necessary for us to act quickly and correctly. Some of the ways of solving these problems are to provide proper facilities to farmers . So, that they can make agriculture profitable and do not migrate to cities in search of employment.

Also, illiterate people should be given the required training so that they can live a better life. To check the rising population, family planning should be followed. Besides, measures should be taken to end corruption, so that we can deal with the gap between rich and poor.

In conclusion, poverty is not the problem of a person but of the whole nation. Also, it should be deal with on an urgent basis by the implementation of effective measures. In addition, eradication of poverty has become necessary for the sustainable and inclusive growth of people, society, country, and economy .

FAQs about Poverty in India Essay

Q.1 List some ways to end poverty in India. A.1 Some ways to end poverty in India are:

  • Develop a national poverty reduction plan
  • Equal access to healthcare and education
  • Sanitation facility
  • Food, water, shelter, and clothing facility
  • Enhance economic growth with targeted action

Q.2 Which is the poorest state in India? A.2 Chhattisgarh is the poorest state of the country.

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Poverty in India: Reasons, Responses, Solutions

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From Current Affairs Notes for UPSC » Editorials & In-depths » This topic

Note: This article is dynamic i.e., updates are automatically shown from recent current affairs at the bottom of the article.

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This topic of “Poverty in India: Reasons, Responses, Solutions” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

What is Poverty?

  • Prior to the 1990s when India was a closed economy, the public distribution system provided necessary resources to all the citizens. However, due to the financial constraints and policy changes after the commencement of Globalisation in India, the government provided necessary resources to the target population i.e., those who deserve governmental assistance.
  • This lead to the Government’s adoption of the Targeted Public Distribution System. That is, the Government provided subsidised food to those who come under Below Poverty Line.
  • It is difficult to give the exact definition of poverty as it has numerous causes and characteristics. It differs from nation-nation, urban-rural, etc. in other words, the definitions of poverty are based on perspectives.
  • However, the general idea is that when an individual has lesser accessibility and affordability to certain essentials like food, clothes, a place to live, healthcare, education, etc., then he is said to be living in poverty.
  • The UN and the World Bank calculate poverty through Purchasing Power Parity and nominal relative basis.
  • Therefore the poverty estimation differs during varying perceptions.

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How was poverty estimated in India?

Estimation of poverty in british india:.

  • In India, the first-ever Poverty estimation was done by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1901 which was published in his book “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India”
  • The National Planning Committee of 1936 has estimated poverty in India during the Colonial rule. It calculated poverty linking nutrition, clothing, and housing. This method was used in Independent India also. The poverty estimation by the National Planning Committee showed a grim picture of British India’s Economy

Estimation of poverty in Independent India:

  • A working group was set up in 1962 to estimate the poverty line of the country.
  • This estimation was based on the minimum calories required to survive and the cost estimates of the minimum calories in Rural India. According to this, the average poverty line is Rs.20 per month. Based on 1960-61 prices.
  • Alagh Committee: Until 1979, poverty was calculated based on the income of the citizens. In 1979, based on the recommendation by a committee headed by Y K Alagh, poverty was estimated based on the calories consumed by the population. According to the committee, poverty estimation differs in rural and urban areas. In the rural area, if a resident consumes less than 2400 calories per day, then he/ she belongs BPL population. In an urban area, if a resident consumes less than 2100 calories per day then he/she suffers from poverty. This is an assumption that the urban population needs lesser calories as they are not involved in physical works like that of the rural population. The Alagh committee was the first in India to define the poverty line.
  • Lakdawala Formula: This was proposed by Lakdawala Committee that was headed by D.T.Lakdawala. This is also based on household per capita expenditure. Lakdawala committee used the same method used by the Alagh committee. However, it included certain criteria that were missing in the latter. Health and education were considered during the estimation. This committee used CPI-IL (Consumer price index for Industrial Labourers) and CPI-AL (Consumer price index for Agricultural labourers to determine the poverty line. In this method, the average of the minimum necessary per capita household expenditure is calculated to estimate the poor. The obtained value is the base for the poverty line and anyone who lives in a household with per capita expenditure lesser than the obtained average belongs to the BPL. Through this method, it was estimated that 36% of the population were BPL in 2004-2005 and 22% of the population under BPL in 2011. Poverty in India was estimated using this method until 2011.
  • Suresh Tendulkar Committee: This committee was set up by the Planning commission in 2005. The methods recommended by this committee are used in the current times. It urged the shift from a calorie-based model and inclusion of monthly expenditure on education, health, electricity, and transport. It introduced the new term “Poverty Line Basket” to determine and estimate poverty. It called for the uniformity of the poverty line basket for both urban and rural areas. If a person does not have access to any of the goods mentioned under the poverty basket then he/she is suffering from poverty. This method uses the cost of living as the basis for identifying poverty. However, the resulted estimation was very low and resulting in public outcry. This lead to the formation of the Rangarajan Committee.
  • Rangarajan Committee: Formed in the year 2012, this committee was chaired by Rangarajan. This too adopted calorie-based calculation of the poverty level. This had limitations as it calculated only the absolute minimum necessities. This did not include comfortable living standards as a necessity.
  • Current status of poverty line estimation: The above cases show the complexity and difficulty in the determination of the poverty line. Currently, the Indian government still hasn’t found a solid solution to estimate the poverty level of the country. The task was given a 14 member task force headed by NITI Aayog vice-chairman, Aravind Panagaria. They too have failed and have recommended setting up of a new specialised panel to debate the issue.

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What are the causes of poverty (Indian perspective)?

  • Colonial exploitation: India under the colonial hegemony was forced to de-industrialize resulting in increased raw material production and a decrease in the export of value-added goods like traditional handicrafts and textiles. The natives were forced to buy British goods, thus discouraging them from manufacturing indigenously. This led to massive unemployment. The droughts, diseases, and others increased the plight of the Indians during that time.
  • Increase in the population : the rapid increase in the population due to a decrease in the mortality rate and an increase in the birth rate can be an asset for the Indian economy. However, in the present scenario, this is turning out to be a liability due to massive unemployment and an increase in the dependence on those working populations. The massive population must be converted to human capital to promote the growth of the economy.
  • Natural Calamities : In India, the maximum of the population who belong to BPL is from states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and Uttarakhand. The reason behind this is that these states are prone to natural disasters and also most of the population in these states are from SC/STs thus making them unrepresented. The natural calamities in these states hamper the agricultural progress and economic development of these states.
  • The rise of unorganised sectors : many sectors in the Indian economy are unorganised. This brings in the problem of labour exploitation. The increase in demand for work also causes job insecurities.
  • Failing Agricultural sector : the agricultural sector is one of the most vulnerable sectors of the Indian economy. Farmer suicides and protests are on the rise due to the increasing debt and decrease in production. This, in the long run, would result in them suffering from poverty. This sector employs a maximum of the Indian population but provides little profit.
  • Lack of investment : The investment provides more job opportunities. For this, the Indian economy must be favourable for foreign investment. However, some parts of India remain unfavourable due to corruption , political instability, militancy etc.
  • Social factors : Illiteracy, unrepresented minorities, social norms, caste systems are still prevalent in certain parts of India.
  • Lack of skilled labour : the population can be an asset to the economy if it is utilized efficiently. This can be done through human capitalization. Measures to improve the literacy of the population are very slow. Some, due to the lack of sufficient skills are not accepted in the workforce. This results in unemployment and poverty.
  • Corruption: Many measures have been taken by the government to eliminate poverty. However, there is still a lack of political will. The corruption by those in power also contributes to poverty.
  • Inefficient use of resources : India is a country that has abundant natural resources which, if utilized efficiently, without wastage, can be turned into an asset.
  • Lack of entrepreneurship : There are many activities in India that can be of asset to the economy. For example, some tribes have rich art and culture which can be utilized for the tribes’ growth and development through proper entrepreneurship. However, due to a lack of leadership and entrepreneurial skills, they go to waste. The tribes remain one of the most vulnerable sections of Indian society.
  • Lack of infrastructure : Many parts of India still remain isolated despite the rapid economic growth. There are several villages in India that still don’t have access to basic commodities like electricity, thus resulting in poor standards of living. They don’t even have proper roads or railways. Their contribution to the economy goes to waste due to inaccessibility.
  • Recession induced by coronavirus pandemic .

What is the current status?

  • The 2019 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index published by the UN Development Program has estimated that multidimensional poverty in India has fallen by 27.5% between 2005-06 and 2015-16. Multidimensional poverty means the estimation of poor not only based on income but also several factors such as poor health, poor working conditions, etc.
  • According to World Poverty Clock , close to 44 Indians are escaping from extreme poverty each minute.
  • As of 2011, 21.9% of the Indian population belongs below the poverty line.
  • The unemployment rate as of April 2021 is 7.1%. This is a huge problem as unemployment is the direct cause of poverty in the country. The recent years saw a rapid increase in infrastructural developments like roads and housing projects for the alleviation of the poor. This might help boost investments in the country increasing job opportunities.
  • According to a World Bank working paper, extreme poverty in India dropped to 10.2%  in the  pre-Covid year of 2019  from as much as  22.5% in 2011  .

Covid induced poverty according to Pew report

  • The poverty rate in India likely increases to 9.7% in 2020, up sharply from the January 2020 forecast of 4.3%.
  • From 2011 to 2019, the number of poor in India was estimated to have decreased to 78 million from 340 million.
  • Poor: People with incomes of USD 2 or less a day.
  • Increase in India accounts for nearly 60% of the global increase in poverty.
  • Record increase in  Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS)  participants as proof that the poor were struggling to find work.
  • Middle Class: people with incomes of around Rs. 700-1,500 or USD 10-20 per day.
  • The middle-income group is likely to have decreased from almost 10 crores to just 6.6 crores.
  • The huge majority of India’s population falls into the low-income group.
  • Low Income Group: people earning about Rs.150 to 700 per day.
  • Rich: Includes the people who earn more than Rs.1,500 a day.
  • The lockdown triggered by the pandemic resulted in shut businesses, lost jobs, and falling incomes, plunging the Indian economy into a deep recession.

What are the measures taken by the government to alleviate poverty?

  • Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana :
  • It was launched on April 1, 1999.
  • This program merged Integrated Rural Development Program, Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA), Million Wells Scheme (MWS), Supply of Improved Toolkits to Rural Artisans (SITRA) and Ganga Kalyan Yojana.
  • Its objective is to alleviate the beneficiaries from BPL.
  • It helps promote the self-employment of the rural poor.
  • The fund sharing between the Centre and the State is at the ratio of 75:25.
  • This scheme aims at working in clusters to provide inclusive and effective aid to the rural poor.
  • The rural poor are organized into SHGs to provide training, capacity building and providing assets to generate income.
  • This scheme was renamed as National Rural Livelihood Mission in 2011.
  • This was finally merged to Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodyaya Yojana to provide skills training for the poor. This scheme also provides subsidies and shelters for the homeless. The vendor markets are developed to promote job in the rural areas.
  • Jawahar Gram Samriddhi Yojana:
  • This scheme replaced the erstwhile Jawahar Rozgar Scheme.
  • It was launched in April 1999 to generate employment in rural areas through infrastructure development.
  • Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana:
  • It has two components: Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Grameen) and Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Urban)
  • It was launched in 2015.
  • It unites schemes like Ujjwala yojana (provides LPG to BPL), access to toilets, water, drinking water facilities and Saubhagya Yojana (electricity).
  • Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act,2005:
  • Launched on February 2, 2005
  • It provides 100 days of guaranteed employment to rural households.
  • 1/3 rd of the jobs reserved for women.
  • If the jobs are not available for the applicants, and they were without jobs within 15 days, then they will be given unemployment allowance.
  • This guarantees employment opportunities to the rural population and accountability of the government.
  • Under this, National Food for Work, which was launched in 2004 was subsumed in 2006.
  • The National Food for Work provided additional resources and assistance that are absent under Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana. Under this program, 150 districts were identified as backward by the Planning Commission. They were the beneficiaries of this program. Food security , employment through need-based social, economic, and community assets
  • Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana :
  • Launched by the Ministry of Skills Development and Entrepreneurship in 2015.
  • It is a scheme aimed at the enhancement of skills based on the demand of the economy.
  • This scheme is implemented through Nation Skill Development Corporation (NSBC).
  • Training and assessment fees are paid by the government.
  • The training provided under this scheme is based on National Skill Qualification Framework and industry-level standards.
  • The beneficiaries include college graduates and school/ college dropouts.
  • Rythu Bandhu Scheme: This was a scheme implemented in Telangana to provide financial assistance of Rs.4000 per acre per season to all land-owning farmers.
  • Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi : This scheme aims to provide financial assistance to provide working capital support to all the landholding farmers. This brings in the idea of universal basic income for the farmers in India. Read more
  • Social security schemes
  • Atmanirbhar bharat abhiyan
  • Production linked incentive scheme
  • Garib kalyan rojgar abhiyaan

Way Forward:

  • The government must provide transparency and accountability to various organizations that are responsible for the implementation of the Welfare Schemes.
  • Infrastructure development and skills development must be made a top priority.
  • More govt expenditure in health, nutrition, and education.
  • The problem of the inability to determine the poverty line must be resolved to help the target population.
  • Direct income transfer to the needy is an immediate solution. Universal Basic Income should also be considered.
  • Investment in Agriculture by the government is necessary to decrease rural poverty. Subsidies address only short-term issues. Also, there is a need to develop technologies, with the help of which farmers can practice all-weather agriculture.
  • Employment-oriented growth:  create jobs in modern sectors and promote labour-intensive industries.
  • Reduce corruption for efficient service delivery.
  • Resilience for poor households to withstand major shocks: through holistic, multi-faceted intervention designed to help people lift themselves from extreme poverty by providing them with the tools, skills, and resources required to deal with the challenges that keep them trapped in a state of destitution. In addition to providing assets such as livestock, the government should also provide livelihood and financial skills training to make these assets productive; personal coaching to instill confidence and hope; basic health care for families, and more.

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Shri Ramlala Darshan (Ayodhya Dham) Scheme mind map   Recent News     Chhattisgarh announces scheme       January 2024   When     Implemented in 2024   Why     To visit newly constructed Ram temple   What     Implementing Authority       Chhattisgarh Tourism Board     Eligibility       Residents of Chhattisgarh       Age 18 to 75       Health examination by District Medical Board       Disabled people eligible     Phase One       People above 55 years     Beneficiaries       20,000 people annually     Committee       Constituted in each district       Under District Collector     MoU       With IRCTC       Covering 900 km       Security, health, food, transport     Budget       Provided by Tourism Department     Accompaniment       Government official or team   Where     Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh   Who     Chhattisgarh residents     Chhattisgarh Tourism Board     IRCTC   How     Train journey     From Durg-Raipur, Raigarh, Ambikapur   Significance     Religious significance     Cultural experience   Challenges     Managing large number of pilgrims   Way Forward     Expand to more beneficiaries

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Understanding Poverty in India: Causes, Estimation, and Challenges

Table of Contents

(Relevant for Economics Section of General   Studies Paper Prelims/Mains)

Poverty, Best Sociology Optional Coaching, Sociology Optional Syllabus.

Poverty signifies a state or circumstance wherein an individual or a community lacks the necessary financial means and fundamental requisites to achieve a basic standard of living. It indicates that the earnings derived from employment fall to such a minimal extent that fundamental human necessities remain unattainable.

As per the World Bank’s perspective, poverty denotes significant deprivation in overall well-being and encompasses multifaceted dimensions. This encompasses inadequate income levels and the incapability to secure essential commodities and services vital for survival with dignity. Moreover, poverty encompasses limited access to proper healthcare and education, deficient availability of clean water and sanitation facilities, insufficient physical safety, absence of empowerment, and limited potential and opportunities to enhance one’s quality of life.

Within India, as of 2011, around 21.9% of the population resides below the national poverty threshold.

In 2018, nearly 8% of the global workforce and their families were constrained to subsist on an income of less than US$1.90 per individual per day, in line with the international poverty benchmark.

Poverty estimation in india

  • Poverty assessment in India is conducted by NITI Aayog’s task force, employing data gathered by the National Sample Survey Office under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI). The poverty line in India is determined by calculating the poverty threshold, which relies on consumption expenditure rather than income levels.
  • In India, the evaluation of poverty is based on consumer expenditure surveys carried out by the National Sample Survey Organisation. A household is classified as poor if its expenditure falls below a specified poverty line. The extent of poverty is gauged through the poverty ratio, denoting the proportion of the impoverished population to the total population, presented as a percentage and commonly referred to as the head-count ratio.
  • The Alagh Committee (1979) established the poverty line considering a daily minimum caloric intake of 2400 and 2100 calories for adults in rural and urban areas, respectively. Subsequent committees, such as the Lakdawala Committee (1993), Tendulkar Committee (2009), and Rangarajan Committee (2012), have contributed to refining poverty estimation methodologies.
  • According to the Rangarajan committee’s findings (2014), the poverty line is set at a Monthly Per Capita Expenditure of Rs. 1407 in urban regions and Rs. 972 in rural areas.
  • Population Explosion: India’s population has consistently surged over the years. In the past 45 years, it has grown at an annual rate of 2.2%, signifying an average addition of approximately 17 million individuals to the country’s populace each year. This surge further escalates the demand for consumer goods substantially.
  • Diminished Agricultural Productivity: A pivotal factor contributing to poverty is the low productivity within the agricultural sector. This situation is multifaceted. Primarily, it stems from fragmented and divided land holdings, lack of access to capital, ignorance regarding modern farming technologies, reliance on conventional cultivation techniques, and losses during storage.
  • Inefficient Resource Utilization: The prevalence of underemployment and concealed unemployment, particularly in the agricultural domain, has resulted in diminished agricultural output and a corresponding decline in living standards.
  • Limited Economic Growth Rate: Economic advancement has been sluggish in India, particularly during the initial 40 years following independence, prior to the economic liberalization reforms in 1991.
  • Escalating Prices: Persistent inflation in the country has augmented the hardships endured by the impoverished. While a small portion of the population has benefited, those from lower income strata have borne the brunt, struggling to meet even their most basic needs.
  • Unemployment: Unemployment stands as another notable contributor to poverty in India. The surging population has led to a concurrent surge in job seekers, but the growth of job opportunities has not kept pace with the escalating demand.
  • Shortage of Capital and Entrepreneurial Ventures: The insufficiency of capital and entrepreneurial activities has resulted in low investment levels and insufficient job creation within the economy.
  • Social Factors: Beyond economic factors, various social barriers obstruct the eradication of poverty in India. Some of these hindrances include inheritance laws, the caste system, and certain entrenched traditions.
  • Colonial Exploitation: The two-century-long British colonization and dominion over India had a detrimental impact, causing the decline of traditional handicraft and textile industries. The colonial policies converted India into a mere supplier of raw materials for European industries.
  • Climatic Influences: The majority of India’s impoverished population resides in states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Jharkhand, among others. Natural calamities such as frequent floods, disasters, earthquakes, and cyclones heavily impact agriculture in these regions.

The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index-2018, issued by the UN, highlighted that around 271 million individuals transitioned out of destitution between 2005-06 and 2015-16 within India. The poverty rate within the nation has nearly halved, plummeting from 55% to 28% over the course of a decade. Nevertheless, a substantial segment of India’s population still resides below the Poverty Line.The swift expansion of the economy and the integration of technology into social sector initiatives have played a pivotal role in significantly reducing extreme poverty within the country.Despite the rapid strides made in terms of growth and advancement, an unacceptably large portion of our populace continues to grapple with extensive and varied forms of deprivation. Consequently, addressing poverty in India necessitates a more comprehensive and all-encompassing strategy.

To master these intricacies and fare well in the Sociology Optional Syllabus , aspiring sociologists might benefit from guidance by the Best Sociology Optional Teacher and participation in the Best Sociology Optional Coaching . These avenues provide comprehensive assistance, ensuring a solid understanding of sociology’s diverse methodologies and techniques.

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  • Poverty in India Essay for Students in English

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Essay on Poverty In India

People living in poverty do not have enough money for basic necessities such as food and shelter. An example of poverty is the state a person is in when he is homeless and does not have enough money. The rate of poverty in India is increasing because of the population in the urban areas. Most importantly, crores of peoples are below the poverty line and most of the people are on the borderline of poverty. Poverty in India is seen mainly in the rural areas because of the uneducated and unemployed and increased population. Many people do not afford to get proper foods for their daily life and even they don’t have their own homes, they sleep on the footpath or road, more populations need more food, money, and for staying houses but due to lack of this poverty grows very quickly, thus in addition rich are growing richer and the poor becoming more poorer which becomes difficult to fill the gap. Poverty has many effects like it reduces poor housing, illiteracy, increase the rate of child labour and unemployment, poor hygiene hence these poor people can not afford a balanced diet, nice clothes, well education etc. reason only because they don’t have much money to afford this. Poverty can be controlled by giving them proper education and also providing the proper facilities to the farmers so that those farmers get more profitable and do not migrate to cities in search of employment. Also, the illiterate people should get proper education to make their life better. Family planning is also essential for coming out of poverty. Poverty in our country is from ancient times. Even earlier times the poor people were not given the place that rich people used to get even if they were not allowed to enter religious places. Main causes of poverty are like unemployment, lack of education, poor utilization of resources, corruption and poor government policy.

How You Can Improve or Solve Poverty in India?

Poverty can be solved by improving food security by providing three meals a day and making them healthy and providing houses for those people at low cost and giving them proper education and facilities so that they can earn well and take care of their family and live a peaceful life. Awareness on population so that once the population is under control, the economy of the country will improve and move towards development and decrease in the poverty line. Poverty is becoming a complex problem for the people and for the government. How to overcome this, in India the poverty is high compared to other countries because the growth rate of per capita income per person is very low.

With lack of job opportunities many people move as a rickshaw puller, construction workers, domestic servants etc, with irregular small incomes hence they live in slum areas. Also, lack of land resources has been one of the major causes of poverty in India, even the small farmers of our country lead to poverty because they cultivate but do not get proper money in terms of profit and leads to poverty.

Population of India

The population has been increasing in India at a rapid speed, India’s population in 1991 was around 84.3 crores where was poverty at a high rate but now the current population of our country is around 130 crores whereas the population is almost doubled in last three decades but still not enough done for controlling the poverty in our country. Due to an increase in population, there is more unemployment, hence poverty is just the reflection of unemployment. More capital is required for making industry, giving proper transport facilities and other projects, hence the deficiency of its country is still underdeveloped and causes more poverty. Lack of skilled labor also leads to poverty because less-skilled labor have insufficient industrial education and training. Lack of infrastructure means that transport and communication have not been properly developed so that the farmers are not getting fertilizers for cultivation on time and industries do not get power supply and raw materials on time and thus end products are not marketed properly and not reachable on time. Because of poverty sometimes we don’t get those things for what we actually are. Hence to come out of poverty our government has to be more serious and also the citizens should take equal responsibilities. Remove the poverty from country governments has started many steps, in last 2-3 years we have seen that they become more serious by bringing GST in the action, demonetization so because of GST all the businessman can pay full tax and which will help to develop the country and the poverty ratio can be reduced. Steps of demonetization were taken so that black money can be utilized for the poor people and poverty can be reduced. We can overcome poverty by following all the guidelines of the government and can be free from poverty.

India's Poverty Factors

One of the biggest problems of poverty in India is the country's rapid population growth. As a result, there is a high rate of illiteracy, poor health-care facilities, and a lack of financial resources. Furthermore, the high population growth rate has an impact on individual income, making individual income much lower. By 2026, India's population is predicted to surpass 1.5 billion, making it the world's largest country. However, Economic growth is not rising at the same rate as the rest of the world. This indicates a labor shortage. About 20 million new jobs will be required to accommodate this big population. If such a vast number of people are poor, the number of poor will keep rising.

How Much Research is Important for Students to Write Good Essays?

The students must realize that brainstorming and a mind map of the essay will take them in the direction of their research. With the advent of the internet, the days are numbered for students who rely on a well-tipped encyclopedia from the school library as their only authoritative source for their story. If there is any real problem for our readers today is reducing their resources to a manageable number. At this stage, it is important to:

Make sure the research material is directly related to the essay work

Record detailed sources of information that they will use in their story

Communicate in person by asking questions and challenging their own bias

Identify the main points that will be highlighted in the story

Gather ideas, arguments, and opinions together

Identify the major issue they will discuss in their case.

Once these stages have been completed by the student, the student will be ready to make his points in a logical order and prepare an essay.

Therefore, the topic discussed on this page is poverty and poverty is not a human problem but a national one. Also, it should be addressed immediately with the implementation of effective measures. In addition, the eradication of poverty has been a prerequisite for sustainable and inclusive growth for individuals, communities, the country and the economy.

Paragraph Tips on Essay Writing

Each paragraph should focus on one main idea

The Paragraphs should follow a logical sequence, students should collect similar ideas together to avoid collisions

Paragraphs should be stated consistently, learners should be able to choose which line to reverse or skip.

Transition words and similar phrases, as a result, should instead be used to provide flow and provide a bridge between Paragraphs.

General Structure of an Essay

Introduction: Give the reader the essence of the essay. It sets out the broader argument that the story will make and informs the reader of the author's general opinion and method of questioning.

Body Paragraphs: These are the ‘flesh’ of the essay and outline the point made in the introduction by a point with supporting evidence.

Conclusion: Usually the conclusion will repeat the middle argument while providing a summary of the main reasons supporting the story even before linking everything back to the first question.

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FAQs on Poverty in India Essay for Students in English

1. What are the Causes of Poverty in India?

The cause of poverty is very obvious in a country like India. The people in India are very careless about the population growth and due to which there is a lot of hassle and unnecessary elevation in population growth rate. This is automatically leading to poverty as there are fewer resources and more people to be served in each state in India. Various causes affect poverty:

Unemployment.

The intensity of population.

The high rate of inflation.

Lack of skilled labor

2. What are the Types of Poverty?

Although there are only two main types of poverty existing in India we will be learning all of them as mentioned in the following lines. The two main classifications of poverty are relative poverty and absolute poverty and both of them emphasize income and consumption. Sometimes, poverty cannot be blamed or associated with economic problems but also it must be associated with society and politics.

There are six types of poverty which are listed below:

Situational poverty.

Generation poverty.

Absolute poverty.

Relative poverty.

Urban poverty.

Rural poverty.

3. How to Reduce the Poverty Line in India?

India is a country that has been under the radar of poverty for centuries. The people of India are making efforts to take themselves out of the poverty line but there are a lot of hindrances. The lack of resources and limited alternatives have thrown the rural and urban residents below the poverty line making life unhealthy and miserable for them. 

Here are some measures listed below

Provide food, shelter and clothes facilities to poor people.

Encourage them for education either male or female. 

Give employment.

4. Why choose Vedantu for referring to the Poverty in India essay for students in English?

Students should refer to Vedantu for downloading as these solutions will be filling you with the basic knowledge of writing essays. There are loads of vocabulary words and phrases which will enable the students to write high-class essays. The Vedantu website provides 100% authentic content which will lead to additional accuracy of the student’s essay. Basic concepts of writing an essay are available free of cost on the Vedantu website. Avoid problems and enjoy hassle-free preparation with the help of Vedantu.

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Vedantu not only provides comprehensive and detailed knowledge to the students but also imparts the ability to study on their own without any hassle to the students. The concept of Poverty in India Essay for Students in English is so beautifully explained in the Vedantu website that anyone who is reading the content and the rules will understand in one instance whatever that person is searching for. The students must know how to write good essays from a very young age and hence the experts at Vedantu are fulfilling that request of the students.

essay on causes of poverty in india

Poverty in India, Types, Causes & Latest Updates about Poverty in India

Poverty in India is one of the biggest battle country is struggling with yet India's poverty shrinks by 10% in 5 years. Read about Poverty in India, Types, Causes & Latest Updates for UPSC Exam.

Poverty in India

Table of Contents

Poverty in India

When poverty is characterized by a severe shortage of basic necessities including food, clothing, and housing it is said to be as Poverty. It is frequently characterized by social marginalization, a lack of opportunity for personal development, and a lack of access to the resources and services necessary to maintain a respectable quality of living. Rapid population growth, slow economic development, unemployment, income disparity, price increases, political considerations, and social factors are some of the causes of poverty in India. We shall go into great detail on the causes of poverty in India in this essay.

Poverty in India Background

Before the 1990s, when India had a closed economy, all of its residents had access to the resources they needed through the public distribution system. However, because of budgetary limitations and policy changes brought about by India’s entry into the global economy, the government was only able to deliver the resources that were required to the target population—those who were deserving of government aid.

The government eventually adopted the Targeted Public Distribution System as a result. In other words, individuals who fall below the poverty line received food that was subsidized by the government. Given that poverty has a wide range of causes and characteristics; it is challenging to define it precisely. It is different from city-country, rural-urban, etc. To put it another way, different viewpoints are used to define poverty.

However, the overall notion is that someone is considered to be living in poverty when they have less access to and affordability for necessities like food, clothing, and a place to live, healthcare, education, etc. Purchasing Power Parity and nominal relative basis are used by the UN and the World Bank to calculate poverty. As a result, different perceptions lead to different poverty estimations.

Types of Poverty in India

Absolute poverty.

It is the inability to obtain necessities for sustaining life, such as food, clothing, housing, etc. If a person cannot meet their fundamental necessities, they are seen to be poor. Countries designate a specific sum of money necessary to purchase a certain number of important food items based on a list of these things. People are considered poor and below the poverty line (those earning less than the amount designated for buying these products) if they are unable to purchase these items. It is referred to as absolute poverty.

Relative Poverty

Contrarily, individual poverty in India is contrasted. For instance, if I make Rs. 100 and my neighbour makes Rs. 200, I am significantly poorer than my neighbour.

Ability-Based Approach: Amartya Sen, a Nobel Prize winner, has advanced this theory. It examines poverty from the perspective of a person’s capabilities. To conduct a successful professional life and make a living, a person has to be educated and in good health. Lack of options for obtaining education and good health might make it difficult for someone to get employment, which can result in poverty. Some therefore urges the government to concentrate its spending and decision-making on enhancing public health and education.

Causes of Poverty in India

In India, poverty has several causes and is now one of the main social problems. In India, a sizable portion of the population suffers from poverty. In India, consumption expenditure is used to estimate poverty rather than income levels. Rapid population growth, slow economic development, unemployment, income disparity, price increases, political considerations, and social factors are some of the causes of poverty in India.

Poverty in India: Economic Causes

The main economic causes of poverty in India include a low tax base, high levels of tax evasion, and wealthy individuals avoiding paying taxes. the creation of a vicious cycle whereby impoverished individuals pay less taxes, which in turn results in less money being spent on assistance programmes for the poor.

Poverty and the creation of problems like Naxalism, which feeds poverty further, are both caused by regional disparity, as seen in North East and East India. The economic causes of poverty in India are corruption and leaks in government schemes and programmes. Many Poverty Alleviation Programmes have been launched by the government in India, however due to a lack of understanding, people are not taking advantage of them.

Despite the fact that more than 50% of the population is employed in agriculture, it only accounts for 15% of GDP, concealing unemployment in the industry. Higher unemployment rate in India is one of the major cause of poverty at some extent. It demonstrates that the agricultural industry is where the majority of the impoverished are concentrated. Growth in unemployment that began after 1990, when, despite an increase in GDP, the majority of jobs were generated in skilled industries, preventing revenue from trickling down to the lower socioeconomic echelons of society.

Poverty in India: Social Cause

Social factors like untouchability, caste system, etc., are major Causes of Poverty in India.

  • Untouchability: People from lower castes are denied democratic rights in several of the nation’s less developed regions. They are cast aside by society, which contributes to one of India’s causes of poverty by forcing them into poverty.
  • Caste System: The caste system divides society and keeps people from looking for employment outside of their caste. As a result, the wealthiest get richer and the poor get poorer.
  • Unethical use of Power: When power is abused, poor people suffer a number of negative effects. One of the main causes of poverty in India is the corrupt government.

Poverty in India: Geographical Causes

In the past 45 years, India’s population has grown by 2.2% year, directly affecting the demand for resources. The fertility of the soil varies from place to place and differs from one location to another. It causes barren fields and is one of India’s primary causes of poverty. In terms of poverty, the differences between urban and rural life have a variety of effects.

Poverty in India: Climatic Factors

Another factor contributing to India’s poverty is the country’s unstable political environment. A flood is a type of natural calamity that can significantly lower agricultural productivity. Poverty can result from this, which the government rarely attempts to combat. Drought is another climatic condition that contributes to poverty in India in addition to floods. Droughts are a frequent cause of poverty in most nations since they can endure for a very long time. Seasonal rainfall irregularities can also cause problems with poverty. One of the factors contributing to poverty in India is the disruption of predicted rainfall and agricultural output in several regions of the country.

Poverty in India Latest Update

According to a recent government estimate, India has seen a significant decline in poverty, with roughly 135 million people — or 10% of the population — fleeing it in the five years up to March 2021. According to the research, 343 million people in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Bihar and Madhya Pradesh, were the most people who have moved out of poverty.

According to the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), poverty levels decreased most significantly in rural areas. Malnutrition, education, and sanitation are just a few of the 12 major characteristics that make up the MPI, and people who fall short in three or more of these categories are referred to as “MPI poor.”

Sharp drop in poverty

According to the report’s analysis of the 2019–21 National Family Health Survey, the percentage of the population living in poverty decreased from 25% in 2015–16 to 15% in 2019–21. The results are in line with a previous report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), which claimed that in 2021, 16.4% of Indians lived in multidimensional poverty, down significantly from 55.4% in 2005.

Additionally, the UNDP projections showed that in India, the percentage of people living below the $2.15 per day poverty threshold had dropped to 10% in 2021.

Government’s role

The central government has put policies in place to help the underprivileged population, providing free food grain to about 800 million individuals, or about 57% of the nation’s 1.4 billion inhabitants. Additionally, states have provided considerable sums to subsidise electricity, healthcare, education, and other crucial services.

Poverty in India UPSC

Poverty is a problem that affects the entire country, not just one individual. It should also be addressed as quickly as feasible by using the proper solutions. In addition, eradicating poverty is now essential for the long-term, inclusive development of the population, society, nation, and economy. The UPSC syllabus includes the issue of poverty in India; hence applicants must be knowledgeable with all aspects of it. We have discussed the UPSC notes on the causes of poverty in this article to assist candidates as they study for the UPSC Prelims and UPSC Mains exams.

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Poverty in India FAQs

What is poverty in india briefly.

As per the methodology of the Suresh Tendulkar Committee report, the population below the poverty line in India was 354 million (29.6% of the population) in 2009–2010 and was 69 million (21.9% of the population) in 2011–2012.

What is the main poverty in India?

The Major Reasons for Poverty in India are the rising population, slow economic development, unemployment, unequal distribution of income and resources, etc.

What is poverty?

A poor household is defined as one with an expenditure level below a specific poverty line. The incidence of poverty is measured by the poverty ratio, which is the ratio of the number of poor to the total population expressed as a percentage.

What is the cause of poverty in India?

Lack of Capital and Entrepreneurship: The shortage of capital and entrepreneurship results in low level of investment and job creation in the economy. Social Factors: Apart from economic factors, there are also social factors hindering the eradication of poverty in India.

What are the causes of poverty in India?

Unequal distribution of land and other resources, less job opportunities, low growth rate of incomes, failure in promotion of economic growth and population control perpetuated the cycle of poverty.

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Poverty in India Essay

500+ words poverty in india essay.

Poverty is defined as a condition in which a person or family lacks the financial resources to afford a basic, minimum standard of living. Poor people don’t have adequate income; they can’t afford housing, health facilities and education which are essential for basic survival. So, poverty can be understood simply as a lack of money, or more broadly, barriers to everyday human life. With the help of this poverty essay, students will understand the meaning of poverty, the major causes of poverty and the efforts taken to eliminate poverty in India. So, students must go through this poverty in India essay in depth to get ideas on how to write effective essays and score high marks in exams.

What Causes Poverty?

There are various factors that are responsible for poverty. The major causes are unemployment, illiteracy, increasing population, and lack of proper education and training. As people are not able to find work for themselves, they are not able to earn their livelihood. Due to this, they lack access to basic education, health care, drinking water and sanitation. They are unable to feed their families and children. The other causes of poverty include war, natural disasters, political instability, etc. For example, World War II impacted many countries and they had to suffer from poverty for a long time. It took a lot of effort for such countries to recover their normal state. Similarly, natural disasters affect some areas so badly that poverty and hunger arise.

How is Poverty Measured in India?

The minimum expenditure (or income) required to purchase a basket of goods and services necessary to satisfy basic human needs is called the Poverty Line. Poverty can be measured in terms of the number of people living below this line. It is measured by the State Governments and information is provided by Below Poverty Line (BPL) censuses. Different countries use different measures for measuring poverty but the basic concept remains the same. The definition of the poverty line remains the same, i.e, consumption required for maintaining the minimum standard of living in a country.

Efforts to Eliminate Poverty

Earning income is the first step towards poverty eradication. Poverty can be eliminated by empowering people, and by giving them a good education that will prepare them to have a better career and future. With the help of education, people can get good jobs which allow them to earn a good living. In this way, they will be able to provide their children with a better life. People should be given easy access to transportation, information, communication, technologies, and other public facilities and services to help remove poverty.

The government has also taken several steps to eradicate poverty in India. It has launched various programmes and schemes such as the Five Years Programme, Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana, Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana etc. These programmes help to generate wage employment for the poor, unskilled people living in rural areas. The government also has social security programmes to help a few specific groups such as poor women, elder people, and widows. Apart from these government initiatives, citizens of India have to take an active part in eliminating poverty because it can’t be achieved by just a few people. It needs the support of everyone.

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Frequently asked Questions on Poverty in India Essay

How can poverty in india be abolished completely.

Abolishing poverty in India completely can be challenging. Steps should be taken to ensure equality in education so that everyone gets equal opportunities to find better livelihoods. Proper sanitation and water facility 3. Economic security and development

When was the first plan implemented for Poverty abolition?

The fifth five-year plan was first implemented in the year 1974-79 and since then the government has taken several steps and made many reservations to take this plan forward.

What is the relation between Poverty abolition and economic development?

Poverty abolition and economic development go hand in hand with each other and they are interlinked to each other. Eradication of poverty automatically improves the overall economic situation of a country.

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Essay On Poverty In India

Poverty is one of India’s biggest challenges and has remained a major concern for the government, policymakers, and society at large. Despite one of the highest economic growth rates over the past decade, nearly one-third of the country’s population still lives below the poverty line. Poverty is a complex phenomenon that affects various aspects of society, such as health, education, and employment, among others, and has a lasting impact on the economy and social cohesion. This essay explores the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to poverty in India.

Causes of Poverty in India

There are various factors that contribute to poverty in India. Here are some of the most significant causes of poverty:

Population Growth and Urbanization

India is one of the world’s most densely populated countries, with a population of over 1.3 billion people. As the population continues to grow, the demand for basic necessities such as food, water, and shelter has increased substantially. Urbanization has also led to the growth of slums and informal settlements, which lack basic sanitation, healthcare, and education services. The proportion of the population in urban areas has grown from 17% in 1951 to 31% in 2011, and is projected to reach 40% by 2030.

High Levels of Inequality

India has one of the highest levels of wealth inequality in the world. The richest 1% of the population owns more than half of the country’s wealth, while the poorest 50% of the population owns just 2% of the wealth. This extreme wealth concentration is exacerbated by caste and religious differences, which limit access to equal opportunities such as education and employment.

Lack of Access to Education and Healthcare

Access to education and healthcare services is vital to breaking the cycle of poverty. However, India has one of the lowest rankings in the world for primary education, and the quality of education is often poor. Similarly, healthcare services are often inadequate, particularly in rural areas where medical facilities are scarce. This not only impacts the well-being of individuals and communities but also severely restricts their ability to access education and employment opportunities.

Unemployment and Underemployment

India has a sizeable informal sector, which comprises mostly of unorganized workers who lack job security, social protection, and access to basic rights such as maternity leave and pensions. According to the World Bank, more than 80% of Indian workers in non-agricultural sectors are employed in informal jobs. This not only affects their income and living standards but also restricts their ability to access credit and financial services, which are essential for breaking the cycle of poverty.

Consequences of Poverty in India

Poverty has severe consequences on society and the economy of India. Here are some of the most significant consequences of poverty:

Health and Well-being

Poverty has a severe impact on health and well-being. Poor living conditions, inadequate nutrition, and lack of access to healthcare services increase the risk of diseases and malnutrition. India accounts for one-third of the world’s undernourished children and has one of the highest rates of infant mortality in the world. Poverty also affects mental health, leading to higher incidents of depression, anxiety, and suicide.

Education and Literacy

Access to education is severely restricted due to poverty. Children are often forced to work instead of attending school, and girls are particularly vulnerable due to social and cultural taboos. The low quality of education also limits their future employment prospects and restricts their ability to escape from poverty.

Economic Growth and Development

Poverty acts as a significant impediment to economic growth and development. Large sections of the population lack the education, skills, and opportunity to gain employment in the formal sector. This restricts their income, demand, and purchasing power, which, in turn, limits economic growth. Poverty also restricts access to credit, which limits the ability of businesses to expand and create job opportunities.

Potential Solutions to Poverty in India

Poverty is a complex and multifaceted problem that requires a range of solutions to address. Here are some potential solutions to poverty in India:

Investment in Education and Healthcare

Education and healthcare are crucial to breaking the cycle of poverty. Enhancing the quality of education, increasing enrollment rates, and improving healthcare services can go a long way in improving the health, well-being, and employment prospects of individuals and communities.

Job Creation and Skill Development

Creating jobs and developing skills that are in line with the demands of the labor market is critical to reducing poverty. By enhancing access to credit, formalizing the informal sector, and investing in skill development, more people can gain employment, earn a living wage, and access social protections such as health insurance and pensions.

Social Safety Nets

Social safety nets such as cash transfers, food subsidies, and employment programs can offer temporary relief to families in poverty. These programs can help ensure that basic needs are met, while individuals and communities work towards achieving long-term solutions to poverty.

Women’s Empowerment

Empowering women can be a powerful means of addressing poverty. By enhancing access to education, healthcare, and job opportunities, women can play an active role in the economy and society. Women’s empowerment also enhances their decision-making power, leading to better outcomes for families and communities.

Poverty is one of the most significant challenges facing India today. Addressing poverty requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach that addresses the root causes of poverty and its consequences. Education, healthcare, job creation, and social safety nets can go a long way in breaking the cycle of poverty, while empowering women can enhance their role in society and the economy. Only by working together can India overcome poverty and achieve sustained and inclusive economic growth.

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Poverty In India Essay

Poverty is a situation in which people do not have enough money for basic necessities or survival, such as food and shelter. Due to the poor income of the people, they cannot even meet their basic needs. Here are a few sample essays on the topic of ‘poverty’.

  • 100 Word Essay On Poverty In India

Poverty is the financial state of the individual or family in which they are unable to meet their basic needs in life. A poor person does not earn enough to buy basic necessities such as a 2-time meal, water, shelter, cloth, the right education, and many more. In India, overpopulation and underdevelopment is the main cause of poverty. India's poverty can be decreased with a few effective programs, in which the government should focus on developing the rural areas by providing primary education, implementing population control policies, creating jobs, and providing basic necessities at subsidized rates. Poverty is a very serious problem in the whole world and many efforts are being made to eradicate poverty.

200 Word Essay On Poverty In India

500 word essay on poverty in india, causes of poverty, poverty situation in india, how to solve poverty in india.

Poverty In India Essay

Poverty is defined as a situation wherein a person or family lacks the money to fulfil basic needs. Poor people don’t have good enough money to make a decent living; they don't have the funds for housing, nutrition, and schooling which are vital for survival. So, poverty can be understood absolutely as a lack of money, or extra extensive, obstacles to everyday human life.

Mahatma Gandhi once said that poverty is the worst form of violence. Poverty has been proven as the biggest hurdle in the development of India. Since 1970, the Indian government has made eradicating poverty a priority in its 5-year plans. Policies are made to ensure food security, housing, and employment through more access to increasing salary employment and enhancing access to simple social services. The Indian authorities and non-governmental corporations have initiated numerous new programs to relieve poverty, like easy entry to loans, enhancing agricultural techniques and price supports, and providing vocational skill training to people so they can get jobs. These measures have helped eliminate famines, reduce absolute poverty ranges, and decreased illiteracy and malnutrition.

The occurrence of rural poverty has declined in the past years because of rural-to-city migration. A severe limit on population growth is necessary to address the issue of poverty.

Poverty is a condition in which a person lacks basic necessities of life. This consists of food, water, clothes, and shelter. Moreover, people living on or below the poverty line don’t have enough money to buy even a single meal a day. They somehow survive with whatever they could discover on the street – salvaging food from the trash, sleeping on park benches or the roadside and depending on the charity of those with more resources.

There are many factors that are responsible for poverty. The principal causes are unemployment, illiteracy, increasing population, and lack of proper schooling and training. Humans are no longer able to earn a livelihood since they are unable to find and obtain employment. They're not able to feed their family. The other causes of poverty include war, natural disasters, political instability, and many others.

India is undoubtedly one of the most populous democracies, and its economic structure is rapidly increasing. India is still considered a developing country as opposed to a developed one. Poverty is one such issue, which creates hurdles in the development of India. A good sized portion of the population in India lives in poverty. Even 75 years after gaining our freedom, we still have problems, and poverty has troubled our country. India has a very excessive rate of poverty, which affects its progress.

Many business and public region organizations have effectively labored with the federal and state governments to cope with this difficulty. Their principal aim is to abolish poverty in India completely. Together, they have been able to put into effect some effective policies to partly eliminate this intense issue and maintain the happiness of their people.

If you want to make an actual change and a difference in society, then some measures should be taken that assist the population living beneath the poverty line. The main two reasons for poverty in India are illiteracy and unemployment. Only with appropriate education and monetary aid can this hassle be solved. In India, education and population control is the strongest weapon against poverty. The best way to eradicate poverty is through educating the masses.

Moreover, actions taken by the government can help in eradicating the situation of poverty in India to a greater extent. Some of the options available are—

Increasing the variety of jobs available in India

The employees who lack literacy should receive advanced schooling.

The public distribution system needs to carry out its responsibilities adequately.

The underprivileged should receive free food and water.

Controlling population growth is necessary and also introducing birth control promotion plans is important.

Farmers should have access to appropriate agricultural resources. They can also improve their profit with this technique. They won't migrate to metropolitan regions looking for food as a result.

Poverty is a major problem of the country and it must be addressed on an urgent basis through the implementation of powerful measures. In addition, the eradication of poverty has turned out to be important for the sustainable and inclusive boom of people, society and the economy.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

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Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary. 

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Water Manager

A career as water manager needs to provide clean water, preventing flood damage, and disposing of sewage and other wastes. He or she also repairs and maintains structures that control the flow of water, such as reservoirs, sea defense walls, and pumping stations. In addition to these, the Manager has other responsibilities related to water resource management.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Geotechnical engineer

The role of geotechnical engineer starts with reviewing the projects needed to define the required material properties. The work responsibilities are followed by a site investigation of rock, soil, fault distribution and bedrock properties on and below an area of interest. The investigation is aimed to improve the ground engineering design and determine their engineering properties that include how they will interact with, on or in a proposed construction. 

The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions. 

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Finance Executive

A career as a Finance Executive requires one to be responsible for monitoring an organisation's income, investments and expenses to create and evaluate financial reports. His or her role involves performing audits, invoices, and budget preparations. He or she manages accounting activities, bank reconciliations, and payable and receivable accounts.  

Product Manager

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.  

Investment Banker

An Investment Banking career involves the invention and generation of capital for other organizations, governments, and other entities. Individuals who opt for a career as Investment Bankers are the head of a team dedicated to raising capital by issuing bonds. Investment bankers are termed as the experts who have their fingers on the pulse of the current financial and investing climate. Students can pursue various Investment Banker courses, such as Banking and Insurance , and  Economics to opt for an Investment Banking career path.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Fund Manager

Are you searching for a fund manager job description? A fund manager is a stock market professional hired by a mutual fund company to manage the funds’ portfolio of numerous clients and oversee their trading activities. In an investment company, multiple managers oversee the clients’ money and make their respective decisions. 

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues. 

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Individuals in the architecture career are the building designers who plan the whole construction keeping the safety and requirements of the people. Individuals in architect career in India provides professional services for new constructions, alterations, renovations and several other activities. Individuals in architectural careers in India visit site locations to visualize their projects and prepare scaled drawings to submit to a client or employer as a design. Individuals in architecture careers also estimate build costs, materials needed, and the projected time frame to complete a build.

Landscape Architect

Having a landscape architecture career, you are involved in site analysis, site inventory, land planning, planting design, grading, stormwater management, suitable design, and construction specification. Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of Central Park in New York introduced the title “landscape architect”. The Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (AILA) proclaims that "Landscape Architects research, plan, design and advise on the stewardship, conservation and sustainability of development of the environment and spaces, both within and beyond the built environment". Therefore, individuals who opt for a career as a landscape architect are those who are educated and experienced in landscape architecture. Students need to pursue various landscape architecture degrees, such as  M.Des , M.Plan to become landscape architects. If you have more questions regarding a career as a landscape architect or how to become a landscape architect then you can read the article to get your doubts cleared. 

An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

Urban Planner

Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities. 

Urban planning careers come with the opportunity to make changes to the existing cities and towns. They identify various community needs and make short and long-term plans accordingly.

Construction Manager

Individuals who opt for a career as construction managers have a senior-level management role offered in construction firms. Responsibilities in the construction management career path are assigning tasks to workers, inspecting their work, and coordinating with other professionals including architects, subcontractors, and building services engineers.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Veterinary Doctor

A veterinary doctor is a medical professional with a degree in veterinary science. The veterinary science qualification is the minimum requirement to become a veterinary doctor. There are numerous veterinary science courses offered by various institutes. He or she is employed at zoos to ensure they are provided with good health facilities and medical care to improve their life expectancy.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Speech Therapist

Gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

Dental Surgeon

A Dental Surgeon is a professional who possesses specialisation in advanced dental procedures and aesthetics. Dental surgeon duties and responsibilities may include fitting dental prosthetics such as crowns, caps, bridges, veneers, dentures and implants following apicoectomy and other surgical procedures.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Talent Agent

The career as a Talent Agent is filled with responsibilities. A Talent Agent is someone who is involved in the pre-production process of the film. It is a very busy job for a Talent Agent but as and when an individual gains experience and progresses in the career he or she can have people assisting him or her in work. Depending on one’s responsibilities, number of clients and experience he or she may also have to lead a team and work with juniors under him or her in a talent agency. In order to know more about the job of a talent agent continue reading the article.

If you want to know more about talent agent meaning, how to become a Talent Agent, or Talent Agent job description then continue reading this article.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story. 

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

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Main Causes of Poverty in India

essay on causes of poverty in india

(i) Heavy pressure of population:

Population has been rising in India at a rapid speed. This rise is mainly due to fall in death rate and more birth rate.

India’s population was 84.63 crores in 1991 and became 102.87 crores in 2001. This pressure of population proves hindrance in the way of economic development.

(ii) Unemployment and under employment:

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Due to continuous rise in population, there is chronic unemployment and under employment in India. There is educated unemployment and disguised unemployment. Poverty is just the reflection of unemployment.

(iii) Capital Deficiency:

Capital is needed for setting up industry, transport and other projects. Shortage of capital creates hurdles in development.

(iv) Under-developed economy:

The Indian economy is under developed due to low rate of growth. It is the main cause of poverty.

(v) Increase in Price:

The steep rise in prices has affected the poor badly. They have become more poor.

(vi) Net National Income:

The net national income is quite low as compared to size of population. Low per capita income proves its poverty. The per capita income in 2003-04 was Rs. 20989 which proves India is one of the poorest nations.

(vii) Rural Economy:

Indian economy is rural economy. Indian agriculture is backward. It has great pressure of population. Income in agriculture is low and disguised unemployment is more in agriculture.

(viii) Lack of Skilled Labour:

In India, unskilled labour is in abundant supply but skilled labour is less due to insufficient industrial education and training.

(ix) Deficiency of efficient Entrepreneurs:

For industrial development, able and efficient entrepreneurs are needed. In India, there is shortage of efficient entrepreneurs. Less industrial development is a major cause of poverty.

(x) Lack of proper Industrialisation:

Industrially, India is a backward state. 3% of total working population is engaged in industry. So industrial backwardness is major cause of poverty.

(xi) Low rate of growth:

The growth rate of the economy has been 3.7% and growth rate of population has been 1.8%. So compared to population, per capita growth rate of economy has been very low. It is the main cause of poverty.

(xii) Outdated Social institutions:

The social structure of our country is full of outdated traditions and customs like caste system, laws of inheritance and succession. These hamper the growth of economy.

(xiii) Improper use of Natural Resources:

India has large natural resources like iron, coal, manganese, mica etc. It has perennial flowing rivers that can generate hydro electricity. Man power is abundant. But these sources are not put in proper use.

(xiv) Lack of Infrastructure:

The means of transport and communication have not been properly developed. The road transport is inadequate and railway is quite less. Due to lack of proper development of road and rail transport, agricultural marketing is defective. Industries do not get power supply and raw materials in time and finished goods are not properly marketed.

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Essay on Poverty in India

Students are often asked to write an essay on Poverty in India in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Poverty in India

Introduction.

Poverty is a significant issue in India, affecting millions of lives. Despite India’s economic growth, poverty remains prevalent, especially in rural areas.

Many factors contribute to poverty in India. Lack of quality education, unemployment, overpopulation, and inadequate public health are some of these factors.

Poverty affects individuals and communities. It leads to malnutrition, illiteracy, and low life expectancy. Children are the most affected as they lack access to basic needs.

Addressing poverty requires concerted efforts. Improving education, creating job opportunities, and enhancing public health services could help alleviate poverty.

Also check:

  • Paragraph on Poverty in India
  • Speech on Poverty in India

250 Words Essay on Poverty in India

India, despite its substantial economic growth, is home to a significant portion of the global poor. Poverty in India is a multifaceted issue, shaped by socio-economic, political, and cultural factors.

Underlying Causes

The root causes of poverty in India are manifold. The country’s historical caste system has perpetuated socio-economic disparity, while gender bias has further limited opportunities for women. Additionally, rapid population growth has strained resources, leading to inadequate access to basic amenities such as education, healthcare, and employment.

The impacts of poverty are profound. It perpetuates a cycle of illiteracy and low-skilled labor, trapping generations in a poverty loop. Furthermore, it exacerbates health issues and malnutrition, particularly among children, undermining India’s future human capital.

Government Initiatives

The Indian government has implemented multiple poverty alleviation programs, including the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana. However, their effectiveness is limited by issues such as corruption, lack of awareness, and inadequate implementation.

Addressing poverty in India requires a holistic approach that addresses its root causes. This includes promoting inclusive growth, gender equality, and sustainable development. Equally important is the need for transparent and efficient implementation of poverty alleviation programs. Only then can India truly leverage its demographic dividend and achieve its development goals.

500 Words Essay on Poverty in India

Poverty, a socio-economic issue, is a multi-dimensional problem that affects a large portion of the Indian population. Despite the country’s significant economic growth, poverty remains a persistent challenge, with millions of people living below the poverty line.

The Magnitude of Poverty in India

India, home to more than a billion people, is the world’s largest democracy. However, it also houses a significant portion of the world’s poor. According to the World Bank, in 2019, 21.9% of the Indian population lived below the national poverty line. The issue is more pronounced in rural areas where agriculture, the primary source of income, is often affected by unpredictable weather patterns and poor infrastructure.

The Causes of Poverty

Poverty in India can be attributed to a myriad of interconnected factors. First, the country’s rapid population growth has put immense pressure on its resources, exacerbating poverty. Second, the lack of access to quality education and healthcare, particularly in rural areas, has perpetuated a cycle of poverty. Third, social inequality and discrimination based on caste, religion, and gender have further entrenched poverty. Lastly, corruption and inefficient public distribution systems have hindered poverty alleviation efforts.

Impact of Poverty

The impacts of poverty are far-reaching and multi-faceted. It affects physical health due to malnutrition and inadequate healthcare. It restricts access to quality education, thus limiting opportunities for upward mobility. Poverty also exacerbates social tensions and can lead to a rise in crime rates. Moreover, it hinders the country’s overall economic progress, as a significant portion of the population remains unable to contribute effectively to the economy.

Poverty Alleviation Measures

India has implemented numerous poverty alleviation programs over the years. Initiatives like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) provide guaranteed employment to rural households. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana aims to increase financial inclusion. However, the effective implementation of these programs remains a challenge due to corruption and bureaucratic inefficiencies.

Poverty in India is a complex issue that requires a comprehensive and multi-pronged approach to address. While significant strides have been made, much work remains to be done. Efforts must be made to improve access to quality education and healthcare, promote social equality, and ensure the effective implementation of poverty alleviation programs. Only then can India hope to break the cycle of poverty and ensure a prosperous future for all its citizens.

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Essay on Poverty in India: Causes, Effects and Solutions

essay on causes of poverty in india

Poverty in India

Introduction: Poverty refers to a situation when people are deprived of basic necessities of life. It is often characterized by inadequacy of food, shelter and clothes. In other words, poverty refers to a state of privation where there is a lack of essential needs for subsistence.

India is one of the poorest countries in the world. Many Indian people do not get two meals a day. They do not have good houses to live in. Their children do not get proper schooling.

Poor people are the depressed and deprived class. They do not get proper nutrition and diet. Their conditions have not sufficiently improved even long after over 65 years of our Independence.

Poverty in urban India: Just like most of the growing and developing countries, there has been continuous increase in Urban population.

  • Poor people migrate from rural areas to cities and towns in search of employment/financial activity.
  • The income of more than 8 crore urban people is estimated to fall below poverty line (BPL).
  • In addition to this, there are around 4.5 crore urban people whose income level is on borderline of poverty level.
  • A income of urban poors is highly unstable. A large number of them are either casual workers or self-employed.
  • Banks and Financial institutions are reluctant to provide them loan because of the unstable income.
  • Five states that constitutes around 40% of all urban poor people of India are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh.
  • Around 35% of the total population of the four metro cities (Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai) consists of slum population.
  • A large portion of people living in slums are illiterate.
  • The initiatives taken to deal with the problem of urban poverty has not yielded the desired results.

Poverty in rural India: It is said that rural India is the heart of India. In reality, the life of people living in rural areas is marked with severe poverty. Inspite of all the efforts, the condition of poor villagers is far from satisfactory. The report on Socio-economic and Caste Census (2011) reveal the following facts:

  • SCST: Of all the rural households, around 18.46 percent belongs to scheduled castes, and around 10.97 belongs to scheduled Tribes.
  • Major source of income: Manual causal labour jobs and cultivation are the major sources of income for rural people. Nearly 51 percent of all households are economically engaged in manual casual labour and nearly 30 percent of them is engaged in cultivation.
  • Deprived: Around 48.5 percent of rural households are deprived according to the census.
  • Assets: Only 11.04 percent of families own a refrigerator while there is a vehicle (including two-wheeler, boat, etc. )in around 29.69 percent of the rural houses.
  • Income Tax: Only 4.58 percent of rural households pay income tax.
  • Land ownership: Around 56 percent of village households doesn’t own a land.
  • Size of rural houses: The houses of around 54 percent rural families consists of either one or two-rooms. Out of them, around 13 percent lives in a one-room house.

Also read: Short essay on Poverty in Indian Villages

Causes of poverty

The growing population inflates the problem of poor techniques used in Agriculture. Further, there is unequal distribution of wealth. As a result, the poor people are often exploited by the wealthy community. The most important causes of Poverty in India are poor agriculture, growing Population, gap between rich and poor, corruption and black money.

Poor agriculture: India is mainly an agricultural country. About 80% people of our country depend on agriculture. But our agriculture is in a bad way. Farmers are poor and uneducated. They do not know the modern methods of farming. They have no good facilities of irrigation. They do not get seeds and fertilizers in time. Thus, the yield is poor. Agriculture is not profitable today. We face the shortage of food. We have to import it. So, poor agriculture is one of the causes of India’s poverty.

Growing population: Our population is growing rapidly. But our resources are limited. The growth in population creates problems for us. Today, our population is 1.20 billion; tomorrow we will be 1.21 billion and so on. We need more food, more houses, and more hospitals for them. So we have no money to spend on development projects. The ever-growing rate of population must be checked. If not, we may not be able to remove India’s poverty.

Gap between the rich and the poor: The widening gap between the rich and the poor is also responsible for India’s poverty. The rich are growing richer. The poor are growing poorer. This economic gap between the two must be reduced. Our social system should be changed. The poor people must get all help to reap the fruits of Independence.

Corruption and black-money: There are corruptions in every walk of life. There is inefficiency in offices. People have become selfish. They neglect the national interests. Black money causes the problem of rising prices. Some people have all the privileges. But many others are suffering. Black money affects our economy. It causes poverty.

Also read: Causes of Rural and Urban Poverty in India

Effects of poverty

  • Illiteracy: Poor people constitutes greater share of illiterate population. Education becomes extremely difficult when people are deprived of basic necessities of life.
  • Child Labor: In India, a large number of young boys and girls are engaged in child labour. Also read, article on Poverty and Child labour in India.
  • Nutrition and diet: Poverty is the leading cause of insufficient diet and inadequate nutrition. The resources of poor people are very limited, and its effect can be seen in their diet.
  • Poor living condition and Housing problems: The don’t get proper living conditions. They have to fight the hardship of poverty to secure food, clothes and shelter. A large number of poor families live in houses with one room only.
  • Unemployment: Poor people move from villages to towns and form one town to another in search of employment/work. Since, they are mostly illiterate and un-skilled, there are very few employment opportunities open for them. Due to unemployment, many poor people are forced to live an unfulfilled life.
  • Hygiene and sanitation: These people have little knowledge about hygiene and proper sanitation system. They are not aware of the harmful consequences of not maintaining proper hygiene. The government is taking initiatives to make available clean and safe water, and proper sanitation system to them.
  • Feminization of poverty: Women are the worst victims of poverty. Poverty effects greater number of women then men. The total of poor women outnumbers the total population of poor men. The causes include low income, gender-inequality, etc. They are deprived of proper-diet, medicines and health treatment.
  • Social tensions: Poverty is often characterized with income disparity and unequal distribution of national wealth between the rich and the poor. Concentration of wealth in the hands of few rich people lead to social disturbances and revolts. Fair or even distribution of wealth leads an overall improvement in general standard of living of people.

We have to solve this problem of India’s poverty.

  • Farmers must get all facilities for irrigation.
  • They should be trained and educated.
  • Agriculture must be made profitable.
  • The ever-rising population should be checked.
  • Family planning schemes should be introduced.
  • More and more industries should be set up to meet the needs of our country.
  • Corruption must end. Our offices should work efficiently.

These are some of the ways  by which our poverty can be removed.

Also read: How to Stop Poverty in India

Poverty is a national problem and it must be solved on a war footing. The government is taking a number of steps to mitigate poverty. Eradication of poverty would ensure a sustainable and inclusive growth of economy and society. We all should do everything possible and within our limits to help alleviate poverty from our country.

Also read: Complete Essay on Poverty in India

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Essay on Poverty in India – 2 Essays

Category: Essays and Paragraphs On July 3, 2019 By Various Contributors

Poverty in India- Essay 1.

Poverty basically means a condition where a person does not have the amenities or money to provide for basic needs. The basic needs are food , clothes , medicine, and shelter . Poverty also doesn’t possess meaning to just one thing. There are different areas of poverty.

It is one of the bigger challenges in many developing countries across the world, including India. The government policies are usually focused on alleviating poverty and eventually eradicating it.

Causes of Poverty

There are various causes of poverty in India . They range from a person being unable to have the means to generate money for themselves leading to them not being able to buy the basic amenities needed. There are instances where infants are born then discarded and they start to fend for themselves from an early age, and that might result in them not making any headway in life and leaving them in poverty .

Effects of poverty

Poverty leads to bad health. Poverty is a major factor of bad health because people below the poverty line cannot even have access to Healthcare because they can’t afford it.

Also, as there are advancements in society, the cost of products is on the rise, and poor people cannot afford them especially food items leading to hunger and starvation. There have been some instances of food riot in some countries because of increase in prices of food.

Poverty by itself means the inability of that proportion of the population is sustaining hardships and deprivation. Malnutrition gives rise to many diseases, and a high incidence of poverty brings down the health profile of an area.

Education, while by itself does not guarantee freedom from poverty, can certainly provide a better chance to step out of it. The government can help provide training to the less educated to adapt to some productive trade. There should be increased incentives for people who take any effort towards financial freedom. Short term loan to engage in properly investigated financial activities should be made easily available.

Attempts are being made to reduce and eliminate poverty as establishments are being created to provide for the less privileged people. It is indeed an unpleasant state to be in. Individuals and Governments must come together to find ways to find better solutions towards alleviating it.

By Teamwork (2019)

Short Essay on Poverty in India – 2

Poverty is one of the biggest problems that the country is having not from a few years but from the time of country’s existence. People in various communities and religions suffer a lot because they don’t get their deserved jobs and due to that reason, they don’t get enough money to feed their families. The government has taken a lot of steps to make sure that poverty in India gets decreased.

If a survey gets organized at the current time, it will get noticed that a large percentage of people belong to the community which is very poor.

Here are some probable solutions to enhance the lifestyle of all the poor people in the country:

  • The education system of India should get organized in such a way that all the rich and the poor people should study in the same manner and due to the lack of money, the poor people should not lag behind. Some special schools and colleges should get open for the underprivileged to make sure that they also get taught what all the other categories do get taught.
  • A lot of new factories and industries should get open in the country which will create more jobs and hence all the poor people who are well educated, can get to work easily by doing jobs at such factories or any other industries.
  • The poor people should get taught about opening various kinds of small level businesses. It is very visible that people from various villages are doing their best to open their small businesses and they are earning quite well from it. For example, if a tailor who has the talent to sew any kind of material, opens a shop and markets about I well in the village and other nearby areas, he will surely get more income than he could ever desire.
  • All the upper-grade categories have the benefit of a lot of things in the country. For example, there isn’t any electricity issue in most of the big houses; however, if you go to any village, you will find out that a lot of houses don’t even have proper electricity to study or prepare for other things. The upper-grade people should try to help the people from lower grade in every way possible so that the country should start getting called a developed instead of a developing country.
  • Educating people is the key to success for a lot of problems and if we can educate all the poor people about how they can earn money by educating themselves or by learning new skills etc. they will surely be able to earn more money than they have ever earned before.

These were a few key points that should be taken care of by the government to vanish the poverty in India. Poor people try their best to become rich, but they do not get their desired resources due to which they lag behind.

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Essay on Poverty in India 

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Essay on Poverty in India

What is Poverty? Poverty is defined as the lack of sufficient money to meet basic needs such as food and shelter. Poverty is a situation in which a person is homeless and has very little money. Due to the growing population in urban areas, India’s poverty rate is rising. The most important fact is that huge numbers of people live in poverty, with the majority living on the edge of it. Poverty in India is mostly observed in rural regions due to a large number of uneducated and unemployed people within the growing population.

Many people cannot afford proper food for their daily lives, and because they do not have their own homes, they sleep on streets or footpaths. As a result, more people require more food, money, and shelter, but poverty grows rapidly due to a lack of these resources. This is why the rich become richer and the poor become poorer, making it difficult to bridge the gap. Poverty has several consequences, including poor housing, illiteracy, increased child labor and unemployment, and poor hygiene. As a result, these poor individuals cannot afford a balanced diet, decent clothes, or a good education for the simple reason that they do not have enough money.

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Essay on_Poverty in India

Ways to Reduce Poverty :

Poverty may be reduced by providing sufficient education and facilities to farmers, allowing them to become more profitable and not feel the need to migrate to cities in search of work. Also, uneducated individuals should receive a good education to improve their lives, and family planning is also necessary for getting out of poverty. Poverty in our country dates back to ancient times, when the poor were not given the same privileges as the wealthy, and they were even denied access to religious places. Unemployment, a lack of education, poor resource utilization, corruption, and poor government policy are all major causes of poverty.

In India, poverty is high when compared to other nations due to the poor growth rate of per capita income per person. Due to a lack of career prospects, many individuals work as rickshaw pullers, construction laborers, domestic servants, and other low-wage jobs, which leads them to live in slum areas.

In addition, lack of land resources has been one of the key reasons for poverty in India; even small farmers in our nation are poor since they cultivate but do not receive fair pay in terms of profit, resulting in poverty.

The population of India as a Major Cause of Poverty :

Since the beginning of time, poverty has been an unavoidable problem. Under British colonial authority, poverty in India worsened from the late 19th century through the early 20th century, peaking in the 1920s. During this time, the colonial government de-industrialized India by restricting the production of finished garments and other goods by Indian craftsmen.

From then till recent times, the situation has been quite the same or has even worsened in many places. In 2013, the Indian government reported that 21.9% of the country’s population lived below the official poverty line. In other words, India, which accounted for 17.5% of the world population, had 20.6% of the world’s poorest people in 2013. Rural areas are home to a huge number of poor people. Poverty is more severe among members of scheduled castes and tribes in the country’s rural areas.

Population Trends in India :

India’s population has been rapidly increasing. In 1991, India’s population was around 84.3 crores, with a high rate of poverty; now, our country’s population is around 130 crores, with the population nearly doubling in the last three decades, but not enough has been done to control poverty in our country. As the population grows, so does unemployment, and poverty is just a reflection of unemployment. More capital is necessary for developing industry, providing adequate transportation, and other projects, as a result of which the country’s deficiency is underdeveloped and more people live in poverty. Lack of skilled labor also contributes to poverty since less-skilled workers lack industrial training and education and miss out on opportunities that more skilled workers can avail. Lack of infrastructure means that transportation and communication have not been properly developed, resulting in farmers receiving fertilisers for cultivation late and industries receiving power and raw materials not on time and thus, end products not being properly marketed and reaching customers on time. Hence, to escape poverty, our government must be more serious, and citizens must share equal responsibility.

Conclusion : Remarkably, as a result of rural-to-urban migration, the incidence of rural poverty has fallen steadily. First and foremost, population growth should be strictly controlled to tackle the serious problem of poverty. Other approaches to fight this problem include expanding work possibilities, educating people, eliminating black money, decentralized planning, and assisting women and youth in becoming self-sufficient. Empowering the weaker and most backward sections of society is also expected to help reduce poverty. We are not failing to achieve our goals owing to a lack of resources or technical support, but rather due to a lack of execution of our plans and programs.

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The causes of poverty in india | essay.

essay on causes of poverty in india

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The Causes of Poverty in India!

The causes of poverty in India are mainly high population growth, slow job growth, slow economic growth, chronic unemployment, natural calamities, unequal distribution of wealth and rampant corruption. The ever-increasing population is the main cause of many ills of Indian society.

Religious attitude, child marriages, preference for male child, joint family system, illiteracy and to some extent the agricultural economy are the main causes of population increase. The growth of population has a direct effect on the standards of living of the people.

There is a relationship between poverty and age structure of the society. The older we are, the more difficult it is to obtain employment. Older people, particularly those over 60 years of age, are often without adequate savings and have to depend on their children for economic support.

Poverty is also related with the size of family. Many large families (having more children) than small ones are poor. This is even truer if the head of the family is a female. The larger the family, the lower the per capita income and the standard of living. Everywhere we see poverty and large families going hand in hand. Those least fit to carry on the race is increasing most rapidly.

The educational level of the people also contributes to poverty. Functionally illiterates who have meagre education and lack job skills do not find employment and thus they are forced to remain poor. It is sometimes said that poor are poor because they are uneducated.

Poverty is also one of the main determinants of health. The greatest impediment to better health is the lack of adequate income. If people can get employment and good incomes, they would secure better health for themselves.

In India, besides general demographic factors (age structure, family size, educational level etc.), the factors of casteism, communalism, fatalism, region­alism, discrimination, prejudices also affect poverty indirectly by impending the employment opportunities.

People still stick to their traditional occupa­tions, even if it is not gainful and do not want to leave their place of origin. The feeling of casteism and communalism also sometimes put hindrance in providing jobs to the members of other castes and religion.

Recently, the senti­ments of regionalism have driven people from Assam, and other North-East provinces and Maharashtra due to upsurge of regional agitations. Not only these factors, Indian people are prone to spend large amount of money on (unproductive) social ceremonies like marriage (dowry, pomp and show), death feast, religious rituals, etc., even at the cost of incurring heavy debt, which ultimately leads them towards the evil of poverty.

It is argued that belief in the Hindu concept of rebirth and other world- lines is an important contributing factor of poverty in India. According to this philosophy, suffering of all kind including poverty flows from deeds of the past life and is the God’s justice. It is only means of salvation.

Amelioration of suffering is tantamount to interference with the spiritual system. Therefore, the wholesale acceptance of poverty and misery by masses; the parading of poverty and its elevation to virtue.

A Hindu attaches more importance to the world to come than to this world. He believes the poverty of this life is a boon in disguise to accomplish and accumulate good deeds for the other world. However, this explanation of the cause of poverty is weakening with the spread of education.

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Poverty in India Essay for Students and Childern

Poverty in India Essay: Poverty is when you lack basic necessities like food, shelter, and clothing. Check Poverty in India Essay in 800, 500 and 250 words

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October 10, 2023

Poverty in India Essay

Table of Contents

Poverty in India Essay: Poverty means not having enough money to afford basic things like a home, healthcare, and education. It’s a tough situation where people struggle to meet their basic needs because they lack money. This essay explains what poverty is, why it happens, and what is being done to fight it in India. It’s helpful for students who want to write good essays and do well in exams.

Poverty in India Essay 800 Words

Below we are covering Poverty in India Essay in 800 Words.

Poverty is the condition where a person lacks enough money to meet their basic needs, such as food and shelter. In India, poverty is becoming more widespread, particularly in urban areas due to the increasing population. Many people live on the brink of poverty, especially in rural regions, where there are numerous uneducated and unemployed individuals.

People in poverty struggle to afford proper food and often have no homes, forcing them to sleep on streets or sidewalks. This situation leads to a growing demand for food, money, and shelter, but unfortunately, poverty continues to increase due to the scarcity of these resources. This wealth gap between the rich and the poor widens, making it challenging to reduce poverty. The consequences of poverty are numerous and include inadequate housing, illiteracy, a rise in child labor and unemployment, and poor hygiene.

Because of these challenges, impoverished individuals cannot afford nutritious meals, decent clothing, or a quality education simply because they lack the necessary funds.

Understanding Poverty in India

Poverty in India is a complex issue with various dimensions. It is not merely about inadequate income but encompasses a lack of access to basic necessities such as food, clean water, education, healthcare, and sanitation. The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) highlights the multi-dimensional nature of poverty in India.

Causes of Poverty

India’s population growth, while considered a demographic dividend in certain aspects, has placed substantial pressure on the country’s resources and infrastructure, creating formidable challenges in ensuring adequate provisions for all its citizens. Economic inequality exacerbates the issue, with a considerable portion of the population enjoying substantial economic prosperity while a significant majority grapples with financial instability.

Moreover, the prevalence of unemployment and underemployment, particularly in the informal sector, exacerbates poverty levels by limiting income-earning opportunities for a substantial portion of the population. Additionally, the scarcity of accessible quality education further perpetuates the cycle of poverty, as it constrains individuals’ capacity to secure well-paying jobs and break free from the clutches of economic hardship.

Inadequate healthcare infrastructure and a lack of affordable healthcare services compound these issues, contributing to the persistence of poverty, as health-related problems often result in both reduced income and heightened expenses. Furthermore, the pronounced disparities between rural and urban areas, encompassing disparities in infrastructure, educational access, and employment prospects, significantly contribute to the prevalence of poverty in rural regions, deepening the rural-urban divide and amplifying socioeconomic disparities across the nation.

The Problems Poverty Creates

Malnutrition is a pressing concern intricately linked with poverty in India. This dire situation often results in inadequate nutrition, thereby precipitating issues like stunted growth and developmental impediments, with children being especially vulnerable to its detrimental effects.

Furthermore, the adverse impact of poverty is acutely felt in the realm of education, where limited access to quality learning opportunities becomes a pervasive impediment. This restriction not only hampers personal growth but also undermines the potential for professional advancement, perpetuating the cycle of poverty for many individuals.

Moreover, the challenges posed by subpar healthcare infrastructure and unsatisfactory sanitation conditions disproportionately afflict impoverished communities. This unfortunate reality translates into elevated morbidity and mortality rates, compounding the already dire circumstances of those living in poverty.

Additionally, poverty acts as a catalyst for social inequality, further accentuating the divide between the privileged and the marginalized. This growing chasm between the haves and the have-nots not only fosters disparities in wealth and access but also engenders social unrest and instability, posing a formidable challenge to societal harmony.

Furthermore, poverty in India has a regrettably enduring quality, often taking on the form of generational poverty. This means that the limited access to opportunities for improvement faced by one generation frequently extends its grip to the next, creating a cycle of impoverishment that is difficult to break, unless comprehensive measures are undertaken to address its underlying causes.

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Solutions to Remove Poverty

Investment in education and skill development initiatives holds the potential to empower individuals, equipping them with the knowledge and capabilities needed to access improved employment prospects and elevate their socioeconomic status.

Moreover, the government’s commitment to job creation, particularly in rural regions, through targeted initiatives can play a pivotal role in mitigating the pervasive challenges of unemployment and underemployment, offering hope to those seeking livelihood opportunities.

Furthermore, the expansion of social safety net programs, encompassing essential provisions such as food subsidies, healthcare access, and unemployment benefits, can serve as a critical safety cushion for marginalized and economically vulnerable populations, ameliorating their struggles and enhancing their overall well-being.

In addition, fostering rural development via dedicated efforts geared toward enhancing infrastructure, which includes the provision of clean water and sanitation facilities, can bridge the rural-urban gap by improving living conditions and boosting economic opportunities in traditionally underserved areas.

Similarly, instituting policies that prioritize progressive taxation and advocate for equitable wealth distribution is essential in addressing the issue of economic inequality, effectively reducing the wealth gap and promoting a fairer, more just society.

Lastly, the promotion of women’s empowerment, through the facilitation of educational and employment opportunities, stands as a potent strategy to combat poverty. This approach not only enhances women’s personal and financial autonomy but also contributes significantly to overall poverty reduction efforts.

Poverty in India is a big problem that has been around for a long time, and it causes many problems. To solve it, we need to use different ways and ideas. India has made progress, but we need to keep working hard, have good leadership, and make fair rules to help many people escape poverty and make society fairer. It’s not just the right thing to do; it’s also essential for India’s future growth and peace.

Poverty in India Essay 500 Words

Below we are covering Poverty in India Essay in 500 Words.

Poverty remains a daunting challenge in India, despite its remarkable economic growth. This essay explores the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to poverty in India essay in 500 words.

Causes of Poverty 

Several factors contribute to the persistence of poverty in India. Population growth, often considered a demographic dividend, exerts immense pressure on resources and infrastructure. Economic inequality widens the gap between the rich and poor, while unemployment and underemployment limit income opportunities. Inadequate access to quality education restricts job prospects, especially in rural areas. Additionally, the lack of affordable healthcare services amplifies the financial burden on impoverished individuals. Rural-urban disparities in infrastructure and opportunities further deepen the problem.

Consequences of Poverty 

Poverty in India manifests in various detrimental ways. Malnutrition is a pressing concern, particularly affecting children, leading to stunted growth and developmental challenges. Limited access to quality education hampers personal growth and economic mobility. Subpar healthcare infrastructure and sanitation conditions result in higher morbidity and mortality rates among impoverished communities. Social inequality widens, fostering disparities in wealth and access while fueling social unrest. The intergenerational nature of poverty perpetuates its grip, making it challenging to break free from its cycle.

Solutions to Remove Poverty 

Addressing poverty in India requires a multifaceted approach. Investment in education and skill development initiatives can empower individuals, enabling them to access better job opportunities and improve their socioeconomic status. The government’s commitment to job creation, particularly in rural areas, is vital for alleviating unemployment and underemployment.

Expanding social safety net programs, including food subsidies, healthcare access, and unemployment benefits, serves as a critical safety cushion for marginalized populations. Rural development efforts, including infrastructure improvements, can bridge the rural-urban gap and enhance economic opportunities in underserved areas.

Implementing policies that promote progressive taxation and equitable wealth distribution can reduce economic inequality and foster a fairer society. Additionally, empowering women through education and employment contributes significantly to poverty reduction efforts.

Conclusion 

Poverty in India remains a persistent challenge, but it is not insurmountable. Addressing poverty requires a concerted effort, including investment in education, job creation, social safety nets, rural development, and equitable policies. By tackling poverty comprehensively, India can work toward a fairer and more prosperous future for all its citizens.

Poverty in India Essay 250 Words

Below we are covering Poverty in India Essay in 250 Words.

Poverty is an enduring issue in India, coexisting alongside its economic growth. It signifies the inability to access basic necessities due to financial constraints. This Poverty in India Essay in 250 word covering poverty causes, consequences, and solutions.

Population Growth: Rapid population growth strains resources, making it hard to provide for all.

Economic Inequality: Uneven wealth distribution widens the gap between rich and poor.

Unemployment: High unemployment and underemployment rates limit income opportunities.

Education Gap: Limited access to quality education restricts job prospects, particularly in rural areas.

Healthcare Access: Lack of affordable healthcare leads to reduced income and increased expenses.

R ural-Urban Disparities: Disparities in infrastructure, education, and jobs deepen poverty.

Consequences

Malnutrition: Particularly among children, leading to stunted growth and developmental challenges.

Limited Education: Restricts personal growth and economic mobility.

Health Issues: Subpar healthcare and sanitation lead to higher morbidity and mortality.

Social Inequality: Amplifies wealth and access disparities, potentially leading to social unrest.

Education and Skills: Invest in education and vocational training to enhance employability.

Job Creation: Government-led job initiatives, especially in rural areas, can reduce unemployment.

Social Safety Nets: Expand food subsidies and healthcare access for marginalized populations.

Rural Development: Bridge the rural-urban gap through development and infrastructure investments.

Equitable Policies: Implement progressive taxation and wealth distribution policies.

Women’s Empowerment: Promote women’s education and employment for poverty reduction.

Poverty persists in India despite economic growth. Its causes include population growth, economic inequality, unemployment, limited education, healthcare access, and rural-urban disparities. Consequences range from malnutrition to social inequality. Poverty need not be a permanent feature of India’s landscape, and determined efforts can lead to a brighter and more inclusive future.

Poverty in India Essay FAQs

Poverty in India refers to a condition where individuals lack the financial means to meet basic necessities like food, shelter, education, and healthcare.

Urban poverty in India is increasing due to the rising population in cities, which strains resources and job opportunities, leading to more people living on the brink of poverty.

Consequences of poverty in India include inadequate housing, illiteracy, child labor, unemployment, poor hygiene, malnutrition, and a widening wealth gap.

The MPI, developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), measures poverty in India by considering various dimensions, including income, access to food, clean water, education, healthcare, and sanitation.

Causes of poverty in India include population growth, economic inequality, unemployment, limited access to quality education, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and rural-urban disparities.

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