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Stephen Hawking Essay

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Stephen Hawking was one of the greatest scientists of the century. He was a very unique person. He proposed and proved many theories. He explained the theory of the black hole. He wrote a book called ‘The Brief History of Time’ in which he explained about the black hole. He also described the concepts of relativity and big-bang theory in this book.

Stephen Hawking is an inspiration to all of us. He suffered from a fatal motor neuron disease that affected his spinal cord. He was diagnosed with this disease in his early 20’s and doctors predicted that he was not likely to live more than 5years. His body was paralyzed and he moved about in a wheelchair for the rest of his life. Though he could not sit up straight, yet he kept working on his theories of Physics and amazed the medical experts by surviving for 55 more years.

Stephen Hawking was born in Oxford on January 8, 1942. He was born in very adverse circumstances. His parents were not well off and he was born during the Second World War. It was believed that Germany would attack Britain at any time. At that time, Oxford was considered a safe place, so Stephen Hawking’s parents moved to Oxford. His father's name was Frank and his mother's name was Isobel Hawkins. Isobel worked as a secretary in the Medical Research Institute, and Frank was a Medical Researcher. In 1950, when Hawkins's father became the Head of the Division of Parasitology at the National Institute of Medical Research, the family moved to St. Albans.

In the early days of the academy, Stephen Hawking was a good student. He loved board games. According to his friends, Hawkins, along with the rest of his friends, had created a game that only they used to play among themselves. Together with his friends, he had made a computer putting together the recycled parts so that he could use it to solve complex mathematical equations. When Stephen Hawking joined Oxford University, he was 17 years old. He wanted to study Math there but there was no specialized degree in Math, so he turned to Physics, and later he turned towards Cosmology. After graduating in natural science in 1962, he went to Cambridge University to pursue a PhD in cosmology. In 1968, he was made a member of Cambridge's Institute of Astronomy which gave a new direction to his research. That is when he started research on the black hole. He was then inducted into the Royal Society in 1974, a World Wide Fellowship of Scientists. In 1979, he became an Education Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, which is regarded as the most famous academic chair in the world.

Fight with His Disease

Stephen Hawking, at the age of 21, was diagnosed with a motor neuron disease (MND) (also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) disease. It is a dangerous neurological disease, due to which the nerve cells that control the movement of the muscles of the body gradually stop working, due to which the body gets paralyzed. When he was in Oxford, he felt many times that he was not well, sometimes he used to fall suddenly while walking, or used to stop completely while speaking. He became very clumsy. However, he continued to ignore all these things before 1963 and did not tell anyone about it.

When his father saw his condition in 1963, he took him to the doctor and he was diagnosed with motor neuron disease (MND) (also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)). Doctors said that Stephen Hawking would only be able to stay alive for the next few years. His illness became a big reason for him to carry out his studies and he became a great scientist. Hawking himself said that until he was not diagnosed with the disease, his life was very boring. However, after diagnosis, when he came to know that he would be able to live for only a few years, he had put all his attention in his work and research so that he could fully utilize his remaining life. His illness captured him slowly, and as result, he was no longer able to walk due to which he had to move about in a wheelchair. He lost his voice completely in the year 1985. At this time, his condition was so bad that he was kept in 24 hours medical surveillance, and California’s computer programmers came to help him. They developed software that works based on eye movement.

Contribution Towards Science

In his research, he found that if this universe started with the Big Bang, then it would end with the Big Bang. He also explained Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. Using the General Theory of Relativity and Quantum Theory together, he gave us the concept of Hawking Radiation in which we came to know that Black Holes do not always exist, they leave the Hawking Radiation continuously. Hawking also explained the concept of Penrose– Hawking theorems, Blackhole information paradox, Micro black hole, Primordial black hole, Chronology protection conjecture, Soft hair (No hair theorem), Bekenstein–Hawking formula, Hawking energy, Hawking-Page phase transition.

Conclusion:

Stephen Hawking died on 14 March 2018 at his home. A man whose body didn’t support him achieved all so much that he became an inspiration for the next generations. Stephen Hawking used to give lectures even when he was not well. Motivate people to do a PhD. Stephen Hawking always used to say the same thing, no matter how difficult life may be, you can always do something, you can be successful if you work hard. An inspirational message for everyone.

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6. Stephen Hawking Suffering from Which Disease? How Did it Affect His Body?

Stephen Hawking suffered from motor neuron disease (MND) (also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)). It’s a dangerous disease which paralyzed his entire body. Due to this, he could neither walk nor speak. Hawkins himself said that until he had not been diagnosed with that disease, his life was very boring. After he got to know that he can only live for 2 years in a proper way he concentrated on his researchers and lived his life to the fullest. His illness became a big reason for him to become a great scientist.

Stephen Hawking: A Prominent Scientist Essay (Biography)

Introduction.

Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous scientists of the modern era. His achievements in physics placed him in the same row as people like Einstein. Hawking mostly advanced theories associated with the universe and its development. Moreover, he put effort into popularizing science among people, and his findings became discussed even among individuals who have no understanding of complex physics. This paper describes the life of Stephen Hawking and his most important works.

The path of a scientist was determined for Stephen Hawking from the start. Being born in 1942 in a family of a tropical medicine researcher, he was influenced by his father to take this path (Mellors). However, he found biology vague and unspecific, so mathematics and physics became his choice. Being a talented young man, Hawking did not take much time to study since he could easily understand most of the information intuitively. However, this fact did not prevent him from receiving first-class honors in physics upon graduating from Oxford University in 1962 (Mellors). His primary interest at that time was the theory of relativity.

However, it was a cosmology that drew Hawking’s attention later in his life. This was the field he concentrated on during his post-graduate studies at Cambridge University, which he finished in 1966 with a doctorate (Mellors). Discovering the origins of the universe became the goal of his life, and eventually led him to develop some of the most outstanding theories in modern science. For example, Hawking introduced the concept of singularity as one of his earliest works (Mellors). He claimed that it is a place that can be situated in a black hole, where time, space, and matter act differently.

Stephen Hawking also had an interesting personality and a challenging life. During his university studies, he was diagnosed with ALS – a disease that made him lose the ability to move and speak in several decades (Mellors). However, it did not decrease his passion for work and life. He managed to lead a successful career, publish several non-fiction books about space science, and even married twice and had children (Mellors). Stephen Hawking died in 2018 but left many people inspired about cosmology and universe discovery.

Stephen Hawking was one of the most prominent physics scientists, who introduced some of the most important theories that are currently used in space exploration. Despite having a progressing disease influencing his activities, he led an active lifestyle and managed to make many people interested in this field. Hawking’s findings have completely changed the knowledge about the universe, making humankind one step closer to discovering its origins.

Mellors, Julie, editor. Gale Biography Presents: Scientists and Inventors . Gale Cengage Learning, 2018.

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Scientific Methods
Famous Physicists
Stephen Hawking

Stephen William Hawking

Stephen Hawking is one of the most precious gems in the world of physics, who was ahead of his time. His disability of having unsteady feet and being diagnosed with degenerative disease couldn’t stop Stephen Hawking from becoming the world’s most famous and acclaimed scientist. Even his survival would have been a marvel to this world, but he lived amazingly till 76.

Table of Contents

Who was Stephen Hawking?
Stephen Hawking’s Education Awards & Achievements
The Black Hole Theory

The Big Bang

Hawking radiation, the multiverse, who was stephen william hawking.

Stephen William Hawking was a British physicist, born on 8th January 1942. He is considered the most brilliant theoretical physicist of all time. He revolutionized the field of physics through his work on the origin of the universe and the black hole explosion theory. From the big bang to black holes, all his best-selling books appealed to physics lovers across the globe.

The English theoretical physicist whose theory of the explosion of black holes illustrated upon the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. He also worked in the field of space-time singularities.

Stephen Hawking’s Education Awards & Achievements

Stephen William Hawking studied physics in 1962 at the University College, Cambridge and in 1966 in the Trinity Hall, Cambridge,. His contributions in physics are unparalleled, which often left other scientists scratching their heads.

Professor Stephen William Hawking holds 13 honorary degrees. He was bestowed CBE (1982), Fellow of Honor (1989) and the Presidential Medal of Freedom (2009).

He has received the Fundamental Physics Award (2013), the Copley Medal (2006) and the Wolf Foundation Award (1988). Along with a bunch of other honours awards and medals, he won the Adams Prize in 1966 for his essay Singularities and the Space-time Geometry.

He was also a member of the Royal Society, the National Academy of Sciences of the United States and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.

The physics of black hole.

Stephen William Hawking’s name has always been associated with the black hole. He put forward his stroke of genius combining Einstein’s Theory of Relativity , which has already aroused curiosity and has been under debate for decades, and the theory of quantum mechanics. In the early 1970s, Hawkins turned his attention to both of these theories, and later on, Stephen William Hawking’s most famous thesis on black holes was proven right.

Hawking’s doctoral thesis was written at a critical time when there was an argument between two cosmological theories: the Big Bang theory and the Steady State theory. Both these theories were considered to be opposing each other at that time. However, both theories accepted that the universe is expanding, but the first one explains that the universe is expanding from an ultra-compact, super-dense state at a finite time in the past, and the second one assumes that the universe has been intensifying forever.

Hawking showed in his thesis that the Steady State theory is mathematically self-contradictory. He reasoned instead that the universe began as a dense point called a singularity which was infinitely small. His description has been accepted worldwide today.

The photons or the particles of light can’t escape from the black holes because of their intense and strong gravity. But Stephen Hawking argued on it, explaining the truth, which was more complex than the assumed fact. He applied quantum theory, especially the idea of “virtual photons”; he realized that some of these photons could appear to be radiated from the black hole . At a laboratory experiment in the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, it has recently been confirmed that this theory is correct and is named Hawking Radiation.

Instead of a real black hole, the researchers used a “sonic black hole” from which sound waves cannot outflow.

Stephen Hawking was also involved in the most exciting topics toward the conclusion of his life was the multiverse theory. He proposed the idea that our universe, with its start in the Big Bang, is just one of an infinite number of contemporaneous bubble universes. In his very last paper in 2018, he proposed a novel mathematical framework and tried to seek out the universe in his own words. But as with any assumption concerning parallel universes, we do not have any idea if his ideas are right now. Maybe the scientists will be able to test his belief in the coming times.

Not only an amazing physicist but Stephen Hawking was an amazing and inspiring personality too, he left behind his great research theories and thoughts as his legacy to us, which is truly a gift in physics.

Stay tuned to BYJU’S for more such interesting articles. Also, register to “BYJU’S – The Learning App” for loads of interactive, engaging Physics-related videos and unlimited academic assistance.

Frequently Asked Questions

What stephen hawking is famous for.

Apart from one of the most brilliant British physicists Stephen Hawking is famous for his theories on the Big Bang and the black hole concept.

What is Stephen Hawking’s IQ

Stephen Hawking has tried to keep his IQ a secret but it was estimated that his IQ is around 160.

When did Stephen Hawking write his first book?

In 1973 Stephen Hawking wrote his first book which is named as “The Large Scale Structure of Space-TIme”

How many types of Black holes are there?

There are four types of black holes:

Intermediate
Supermassive

What is Big Bang Theory?

The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model explaining the existence of the observable universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution.

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Stephen Hawking: Life and Achievements

Category: Life , Science
Topic: Biography , Stephen Hawking

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Stephen Hawkings

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