Rachel Louise

  • , December 4, 2023

#1 Best Guide On How To Write An Essay In Tagalog

How To Write An Essay In Tagalog

Curious to learn how to write an essay in Tagalog? Well, you’re in luck because that’s exactly what we’re going to be talking about in this handy blog post!

As you read on, you will not only learn Tagalog but also realize just how easy it is to write essays in Tagalog. After this, your Tagalog writing and overall communication skills should improve a lot!

How To Write An Essay In Tagalog

If you want to know how to write a good essay ( sanaysay in Filipino), definitely remember that less is more! By writing less, you’re conveying to your reader that you’re organized and an expert on what you’re talking about. To learn more helpful tips, make sure to keep reading!

1. Do Your Research

Doing proper research ( pananaliksik ) before getting started is essential when it comes to the writing process. After all, how will you be able to write about a topic if you don’t know anything about it? When you’re conducting research, make sure to also fact-check and gather data from multiple sources. That way, your article has more authority.

Doing more research will also ensure that you know about a certain topic in-depth and can even lead to you gaining a new perspective along the way.

2. Draft Your Essay

After completing your research and answering the questions you have in your mind, you can now proceed to drafting ( pagbabalangkas ) your essay . This process is so important because it gives you time to organize your thoughts and ideas into a concise structure. If you skip this step, your essay is sure to come out disorganized, with different topics all jumbled up in each other.

Make sure that during this step, you outline your essay thoroughly. This will make the process of writing the actual essay go much smoother because you won’t have to go back and research information or search for notes. Keep all your notes in the same place when you’re writing an essay!

3. Start Writing

After conducting research ( pananaliksik ) and drafting your essay ( pagbabalangkas ), it’s time to start writing! Remember that when you write an essay, you should divide it into three parts: introduction, body, and conclusion.

The Introduction Of The Essay

The introduction ( panimula ) is where you will answer basic questions and tell your readers what the essay is going to be about. Make sure that you hook your readers in your introduction. Otherwise, they won’t keep reading.

The Body Of The Essay

Next is the body ( katawan ) of the essay. This is where you’ll talk in-depth about the topic. Make sure to include any research you did in this section and your analysis of the research. You can also include your opinion in this section if the topic permits.

The Conclusion Of The Essay

The last part of an essay is known as the conclusion ( konklusyon or wakas ) . This is where you can wrap up any major ideas in your essay. If you’re really good, you should be able to tie your conclusion somehow back to the introduction! It’s important to keep your conclusion insightful and avoid completely summarizing the essay. Readers want to feel enlightened after they finish reading an essay, not be given an entire synopsis!

4. Edit Your Work

Your essay isn’t finished until you’ve gone back and edited it. If time permits, we recommend sleeping on your essay and then coming back to it the following day.

Looking at an essay with a fresh set of eyes will allow you to notice errors that you might have missed if you had edited it on the same day you wrote it. The two main things to check for when it comes to editing are overall clarity and grammatical mistakes. Both of these can distract your reader from the actual content of the essay if you’re not careful.

How To Write An Essay In Tagalog Words To Standout - A photo of someone writing on a paper

Words To Make Your Tagalog Essay Standout

Writing an essay in Tagalog can be a challenge, especially if you are not yet fluent in the language. Remember not to stress too much! With all the resources available nowadays, from YouTube videos to online articles, there are a thousand ways to check if the Tagalog word you’re using is correct.

If you want to learn more Tagalog words or the language itself, the Ling app can help. It’s a gamified language learning app available on Google Play and the App Store that teaches you all about the Tagalog language and 60+ more languages. Now, let me share with you some words to get you started writing your Tagalog essay!

There are so many more Tagalog words you can learn to make your essay more compelling, but we just wanted to get you started on how to write an essay in Tagalog .

Expanding Your Vocabulary For Tagalog Essays

To truly excel in writing essays in Tagalog, it’s essential to have a rich vocabulary. Here are some advanced words and phrases that can add depth and precision to your essays:

  • Pagpapalawig (Expansion) – Use this term when you’re elaborating or expanding on a point. It shows that you’re adding more details or going deeper into a topic.
  • Salungat na Pananaw (Contrary View) – When discussing a different or opposing perspective, this phrase is quite handy. It helps in introducing an alternative argument or viewpoint.
  • Mahalagang Punto (Important Point) – This phrase can be used to highlight key arguments or significant aspects of your essay.
  • Sa Madaling Salita (In Short) – This is a useful transition phrase for summarizing or concluding your thoughts succinctly.
  • Mabisang Argumento (Effective Argument) – Utilize this when emphasizing the strength of your argument or reasoning.
  • Pangunahing Tema (Main Theme) – Ideal for stating the main theme or central idea of your essay.
  • Kritikal na Pagsusuri (Critical Analysis) – This is an essential phrase for essays that require analyzing or evaluating concepts, situations, or literary works.
  • Pagkakatulad at Pagkakaiba (Similarities and Differences) – Use this when you are comparing and contrasting ideas or topics in your essay.
  • Panghuling Pahayag (Final Statement) – This is a powerful way to introduce your concluding remarks, ensuring a strong finish to your essay.
  • Susing Salita (Keyword) – Refers to the main terms or concepts central to your essay’s topic.

Incorporating these words and phrases into your Tagalog essays will not only improve the quality of your writing but also demonstrate a higher level of language proficiency. Remember, the key to effectively using advanced vocabulary is understanding the context in which each word or phrase is most appropriately used.

How To Write An Essay In Tagalog Do Your Research - A photo of a hand holding a pen

Common Pitfalls In Writing Essays In Tagalog

While learning how to write an essay in Tagalog , it’s just as important to know what to avoid as it is to know what to do. Here are some common pitfalls you should watch out for:

  • Overuse of Direct Translations : One of the most common mistakes is directly translating phrases or idioms from English to Tagalog. This can lead to awkward phrasing or even change the meaning entirely. As we know, languages have their unique expressions, so try to think in Tagalog rather than translating from English.
  • Ignoring Formal and Informal Tones : Tagalog, like many languages, has formal and informal tones. Be mindful of the tone you’re using in your essay. Academic and formal essays usually require a more formal tone, so avoid using colloquial or Tagalog slang terms .
  • Neglecting the Flow of Sentences : The flow and structure of sentences in Tagalog can be quite different from English. Pay attention to sentence construction to ensure your essay reads naturally. Long, convoluted sentences can confuse readers, so aim for clarity and conciseness.
  • Inconsistent Use of Tenses : Tagalog verbs can be tricky, especially with their various aspects (completed, ongoing, and contemplated). Make sure to keep your verb tenses consistent throughout your essay to maintain clarity and coherence.
  • Overlooking Local Context and Nuances : Tagalog has rich local contexts and nuances. Make sure to incorporate these appropriately in your writing. Understanding and using regional expressions or phrases can add authenticity to your essay, but be careful not to misuse them.
  • Insufficient Proofreading : Finally, don’t underestimate the importance of proofreading. Spelling and grammatical errors can significantly undermine the credibility of your essay. If possible, have a native speaker review your work to catch errors you might have missed.

By avoiding these common pitfalls, your journey to mastering essay writing in Tagalog will be smoother and more successful. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to seek feedback from native speakers or language-learning communities! Good luck on your Tagalog essay writing journey!

Updated by: Jefbeck

Rachel Louise

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thank you for helping me to make an essay, it’s actually helped me to do my essay so thank you saur muchh !!

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Sanaysay: Uri, Bahagi at mga Halimbawa ng Sanaysay

Sanaysay: Uri, Bahagi at Halimbawa ng Sanaysay

Ano ang Sanaysay?

Ang sanaysay o essay  sa wikang Ingles ay isang komposisyon na kadalasan ay naglalaman ng pananaw o kuro-kuro ng may akda. Sa ganitong paraan, naipapahayag ng may akda ang kanyang damdamin sa mga mambabasa. Isa rin itong uri ng pakikipag-komunikasyon na ang layunin ay maipabatid ang iyong saloobin sa isang makabuluhan at napapanahong paksa o isyu.

SEE ALSO: Talumpati: Ano ang Talumpati, Halimbawa ng Talumpati at mga Uri

2 Uri ng Sanaysay

Ito ay may dalawang uri: ang pormal at di-pormal.

Tumatalakay ito sa mga siryosong paksa na nagtataglay ng masusing pananaliksik ng sumulat. Kadalasan itong nagbibigay ng impormasyon tungkol sa isang tao, bagay, lugar o pangyayari. Ang tono nito ay siryoso at walang halong biro.

Isang uri ng pormal na sanaysay ang editoryal sa mga pahayagan. Ito ay tungkol sa opinyon ng sumulat sa mga maiinit na balita.

2. Di-pormal

Ito naman ay tumatalakay sa mga paksang karaniwan, personal at pang araw-araw na nagbibigay-lugod o mapang-aliw sa mga mambabasa. Binibigyan diin nito ang mga bagay-bagay at karanasan ng may akda sa isang paksa kung saan mababakas ang kanyang personalidad na para bang nakikipag-usap lamang siya sa isang kaibigan kaya naman ito ay madaling maintindihan.

Sa madaling sabi, tungkol sa damdamin at paniniwala ng may akda ang paksa ng di-pormal na sanaysay.

Mga Bahagi ng Sanaysay

Mayroon itong tatlong bahagi: ang simula o panimula, gitna o katawan, at wakas.

1. Simula/Panimula

Ang bahaging ito ang pinakamahalaga dahil dito nakasalalay kung ipagpapatuloy ng mambabasa ang kanyang binabasa. Sa simula pa lamang ay dapat mapukaw na ng may-akda ang damdamin ng mga mambabasa.

2. Gitna/Katawan

Dito naman mababasa ang mahahalagang puntos tungkol sa paksang isinulat ng may-akda. Malaman ang bahaging ito dahil ipinapaliwanag ng mabuti dito ang paksang tinatalakay o pinag-uusapan.

Ito ang bahaging nagsasara sa talakayang nagaganap sa gitna o katawan ng sanaysay. Dito rin nahahamon ang pag-iisip ng mambabasa na maisakatuparan ang mga tinalakay sa paksang pinag-usapan.

Mga Halimbawa ng Sanaysay

  • Tungkol sa Pag-ibig
  • Tungkol sa Pamilya
  • Tungkol sa Kahirapan
  • Tungkol sa Kaibigan
  • Tungkol sa Wika
  • Tungkol sa Kalikasan
  • X (Twitter)
  • More Networks

What is Lakbay Sanaysay? Samples of Lakbay Sanaysay

Philippine languages are filled with beautiful literary forms, such as poems, plays and even bugtong (riddles). Another form of writing that many Filipinos like to do — wherever they may be in the world — is the “lakbay sanaysay.”

As the name says, this literary form has to do with traveling. If you love to travel around the Philippines and abroad, and you want to share about your experiences, you should definitely consider composing your very own “lakbay sanaysay.”

What is Lakbay Sanaysay

Table of Contents

What is Sanaysay?

First of all, let us define the word “sanaysay.” Generally, this term refers to a piece of writing that describes, narrates, or explains a certain topic. It may be formal or informal in tone, depending on the target audience or readers.

Meanwhile, the “lakbay sanaysay” is more specific. It is a piece of writing that narrates or describes a person’s travel experience. It may contain descriptions of different places and events, as well as information about the people, culture, and traditions of a specific location.

Sanaysay in English

In English, the word “sanaysay” translates to “essay.” Consequently, the term “lakbay sanaysay” translates to “travel essay.” Interesting, right?!

Parts of Lakbay Sanaysay

Just like any other type of essay, the “lakbay sanaysay” or travel essay consists of three major parts: introduction, body, and conclusion.

Introduction

The first part of a travel essay usually states the name of the place and the specific time period involved. The introduction plays an important role, especially since it is the very first paragraph that readers will see. It should be able to catch their attention, and encourage them to keep reading.

Typically, the body of a travel essay contains several main points or ideas. This may include a list of a place’s top attractions, festivals or events, where to eat (restaurants and cafes), where to stay (hotel recommendations), and a “how to get there” (transportation) guide. It may also include how much the writer spent (or how much a person can expect to spend) while staying in the said place.

The body may also be written in narrative form, where writers simply talk about their travel experience in chronological order — where they went, what they did, and how they felt about it.

To conclude the “lakbay sanaysay,” writers may share insightful thoughts about their travel experience. They may also invite the readers to come and see the same places that they have visited.

Features of Lakbay Sanaysay

Usually, a travel essay or “lakbay sanaysay” has the following features and/or goals:

  • It presents a narrative or account of a writer’s personal travel experience.
  • It serves as a guide for people who want to travel to the same destination, by providing tips, recommendations, and relevant information.
  • It usually includes pictures and videos showing the beautiful and amazing attractions of a destination.
  • It invites or encourages readers to travel and enjoy the same or similar experience.

Samples of Lakbay Sanaysay

Meanwhile, here are some examples of travel essays or “lakbay sanaysay,” written by Filipinos and foreigners as well:

1. Vigan: A Glimpse of the Past

This is a blog article that chronicles the writer’s trip to one of the Philippines’ most historic cities: Vigan. It includes details about transportation, the local food ( e.g. empanada), and of course, the various sights around the city.

“Upon reaching the hotel, we took a quick rest before heading to the famous Calle Crisologo in Vigan town proper,” Louise, the blogger, wrote. “Here, we marveled at the Spanish colonial houses, cobblestone streets, and kalesas (horse-drawn carriages) shuttling tourists around town.”

To know more about the famous Vigan City, read the full article here.

2. My Journey Through the Philippines in Pictures

As the title says, this is a blog article featuring a writer’s journey all over the Philippines. It was written by Dani, a foreign national who visited the country. What makes this article interesting is that it is also a “photo essay,” with Dani presenting her island-hopping adventure through pictures and captions.

“The many faces of the Philippines were fascinating, the marine life breathtaking, the people welcoming and kind,” the blogger, Dani, wrote. “But I’ll let the photos speak for themselves – visit the Philippines virtually through my pictures.”

To see these pictures and witness the blogger’s journey virtually, check out this link .

3. Backpacking Myanmar: Mandalay Travel Guide

This article was made by Angel, a Filipino whose blog, Lakwatsero.com, literally means “leisure traveler.” He loves diving, biking, swimming, trekking, blogging, and going all over the Philippines and around the world.

In this article, Angel talks about his trip to Mandalay, which is the largest city of Myanmar. He refers to Mandalay as “a vibrant and modern city that still exudes the old world charm.” Here is an excerpt where he describes the amazing city:

“More than a gateway to Bagan, Mandalay has its own share of attractions like the Mandalay Hill and the nearby U-Bein Bridge in Amarapura that offers great views of sunrise or sunset,” Angel wrote. “Other places of interest include: Mahamuni Temple, which is regarded as the holiest pagoda in the country; the Kuthodaw Pagoda, which is dubbed as the largest book in the world; Sanda Muni Paya; Grand Palace, and more.

Head to this link to know more about the blogger’s adventures in Myanmar.

4. Saga, Japan: Awesome Itinerary

This article features the travel experience of Anton & Rache, whose blog, “Our Awesome Planet,” features the food and travel adventures of their family. In this particular post, they talked about their visit to Saga, Japan.

The article introduces Saga as a small prefecture on Kyushu Island in Japan. Its location between the sea and the mountains means that it has many breathtaking landscapes and hot springs. The place also has a rich cultural history, including potteries and amazing festivals.

In the article, the bloggers shared some recommendations about the numerous places to see and things to do in Saga, including participation in the Saga Hot Air Balloon Festival.

“There are three major events in Saga, and one of them is the biggest hot air balloon festival in Asia,” the bloggers stated. “Held at the riverbed alongside the Kasegawa River, you’ll find hundreds of balloons of different colors and shapes participating from around the world, floating in the night sky to be released in the morning for an incredible scene.”

Read all about the blogger’s wonderful travel experience in Saga, Japan here .

5. An OFW’s Journey Home

The following was written by John Parica, an OFW who specialized in project management of oil and gas projects. In this article, he talk about going home “for good” after more than 10 years of working abroad. He narrates his journey as an OFW, as well as his journey back home.

“My journey as an OFW is a story shared by all others like myself because it is a story of dreams — dreams of a better life for one’s family, to have one’s own house, to give one’s children the best education, to help one’s siblings complete a college education, to provide the best medical treatment to ailing family members, and ultimately to ensure a comfortable life after one retires and grows old,” he wrote.

Notably, John’s article was published in Inquirer.net. Read all about it here .

Video: Guide to Writing “Lakbay Sanaysay”

Would you like to write your own travel essay, but you’re not sure where to start? Check out this video shared by “TitserMJ TV” on YouTube for some tips on how to write a “lakbay sanaysay.” This educational channel features lessons on both Filipino and English, along with some study tips and travel articles:

As the old saying goes, “experience is the best teacher.” And traveling is one of the most exciting and enriching experiences that a person could ever have. We hope that the above guide has been helpful as you plan to write your very own “lakbay sanaysay” or travel essay. Not only will it bring out your creative side, buy also help to preserve wonderful memories that would last a lifetime!

READ NEXT:  Best Filipino Tagalog Tongue Twisters List

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Let’s Learn the Basics of Tagalog Sentence Structure!

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Any Filipino who grew up in the 80s would be familiar with Barok, one of the most popular Pinoy comic book characters at that time. His character was similar to those in America’s The Flintstones , but instead of speaking like Fred or Barney, he spoke like Tarzan. And you know what that’s like —words jumbled and all.

In the Philippines, a person who can’t speak straight Tagalog or English is labeled as someone who is Barok magsalita (one who speaks like Barok ).

That is why it’s crucial to learn the proper Tagalog sentence structure. For one, it helps your readers or listeners understand the simplest sentences you’re trying to convey (not to mention it will keep you from being nicknamed Barok ) .

But don’t you worry, because if there’s one thing about Filipino grammar that’s not too difficult to learn, it’s Tagalog word order. What most learners of the Filipino language love is its flexibility when it comes to word order. You’ll find out what I mean later on when we get to the lesson proper.

For now, let’s get to the basics of Filipino sentence structure first.

Log in to Download Your Free Cheat Sheet - Beginner Vocabulary in Filipino

  • An Overview of Tagalog Word Order
  • Basic Word Order with Subject, Verb, and Object
  • Filipino Word Order with Prepositional Phrases
  • Word Order with Modifiers
  • Transforming a Regular Sentence into a Question
  • Translation Exercises
  • FilipinoPod101 Will Help Ease the Confusion

1. An Overview of Tagalog Word Order

Improve Listening

The most common sentence structure used in the English language is S-V-O (Subject-Verb-Object). It’s acceptable to use the same word order in Filipino, which is what many beginners do. However, when it comes to spoken Filipino, using S-V-O will result in the speaker sounding awkward. Let’s take this sentence for example: 

 S       V     O

“I am studying Filipino.”

If you translate this into Tagalog, you will get: Ako ay nag-aaral ng Filipino . 

Now, this one is grammatically correct, but when spoken, it should be structured as:

V                S            O

“Studying     I     Filipino.”  →  Direct Translation

  • Nag-aaral ako ng Filipino.

That said, word order in Tagalog is primarily V-S-O, and S-V-O is considered an inverted form ( Kabalikang Anyo in Tagalog). But then, it also follows the V-O-S structure . 

One very important thing you need to understand about Tagalog, though, is that it doesn’t always follow the subject-predicate structure. In the English language, the object within a sentence is always different from the subject. In Filipino, however, a word that follows a direct marker, like si or ang , is the subject. This means that the object can also function as the subject. Here’s an example:

 S          V         O

“Julia is studying Filipino.”

Si Julia ay nag-aaral ng Filipino .

Let’s translate this into Filipino using the V-S-O pattern.

V                      S            O

“Studying        Julia      Filipino.”  →  Direct Translation

Nag-aaral si Julia ng Filipino.

Now, let’s try using the V-O-S pattern instead.

V                      O            S

“Studying        Filipino     Julia.”

Nag-aaral ng Filipino si Julia.

Notice that in the S-V-O example, the sentence uses the word ay between the subject (Julia) and the verb ( nag-aaral ). It’s long been thought (and taught) that ay is the copula “to be.” More recent sources, however, say that ay is more of a replacement for a comma or a slight pause. The same sources say that it can’t be a verb since it can appear in a sentence along with other verbs, although in most cases, it seems that it’s the direct translation of the verb “is.” 

Keep in mind, too, that ay only appears in the S-V-O form of the sentence (which, by the way, is viewed as formal or literary). Here are a few examples:

  • “The child is playing.”

Ang bata AY naglalaro.

  • “Butch is drinking.”

Si Butch AY umiinom.

  • “Kobe is sleeping.”

Si Kobe AY natutulog.

  • “The lady is sewing.”

Ang ale AY nananahi.

2. Basic Word Order with Subject, Verb, and Object

Compared to the English language, word order in Filipino is more flexible. In fact, you can construct certain sentences in up to six different ways. Don’t believe me? Let’s take a look at the following sentence:

“The man gave the woman some money.”

There are six different ways you can write or say this sentence in Filipino. Each of these sentences conveys the same meaning, and they all include the same grammatical components. And yet, as you can see, the words are ordered differently.

  • Nagbigay ng pera sa babae ang lalaki. 
  • Nagbigay ng pera ang lalaki sa babae.
  • Nagbigay sa babae ng pera ang lalaki.
  • Nagbigay sa babae ang lalaki ng pera.
  • Nagbigay ang lalaki sa babae ng pera.
  • Nagbigay ang lalaki ng pera sa babae.

Here, you can see that the verb ( nagbigay ) is always in the initial position, but the order of the rest of the words is adjustable. This shows how flexible Tagalog can be!

Woman Balancing a Ball in the Curve of Her Back

Did you say flexible?

Let’s try a simpler sentence this time. 

“I study Filipino.” 

This can be translated in a couple of ways:

S                V O

  • Ako ay nag-aaral ng Filipino.

V                 S         O

Both of these translations are correct, but in normal conversations, you would usually use the second example: Nag-aaral ako ng Filipino.

Example: Nag-aaral ako ng Filipino ngayon sa FilipinoPod101. (“I am currently studying Filipino via FilipinoPod101.”)

3. Filipino Word Order with Prepositional Phrases

When it comes to sentences with prepositional phrases, the order of the words is similar to that in English. Let’s take the sentence below for example:

  • Place Preposition. “He studies at home .” ( Nag-aaral siya ng Filipino sa bahay . )
  • Time Preposition. “He studies in the evening .” ( Nag-aaral siya ng Filipino sa gabi . )
  • Preposition of Manner. “He studies with his friend .” ( Nag-aaral siya ng Filipino kasama ang kaibigan niya . )

Based on the examples, you can see that the preposition is placed AFTER the object. This is how the words are ordered in conversations. But in writing, the preposition can be placed BEFORE the object as shown in the following examples:

  • Place Preposition. “He studies Filipino at home .” ( Nag-aaral siya sa bahay ng Filipino. )
  • Time Preposition. “He studies Filipino in the evening .” ( Nag-aaral siya sa gabi ng Filipino. )
  • Preposition of Manner. “He studies Filipino with his friend .” ( Nag-aaral siya kasama ang kaibigan niya ng Filipino. )

Question: Can the preposition/prepositional phrase be placed at the BEGINNING of the sentence? Let’s see.

  • Place Preposition. “He studies Filipino at home.” ( Sa bahay siya nag-aaral ng Filipino. )
  • Time Preposition. “He studies Filipino in the evening.” ( Sa gabi siya n ag-aaral ng Filipino. )
  • Preposition of Manner. “He studies Filipino with his friend.” ( Kasama niya ang kaibigan niyang nag-aaral ng Filipino. )

Answer : ABSOLUTELY ! In fact, the most natural way to say the given example sentences in Tagalog is by placing the preposition/prepositional phrase at the beginning of the sentence. 

4. Word Order with Modifiers

Modifiers have many functions, including clarifying, qualifying, or limiting a particular word in a sentence to add emphasis or detail. These grammatical elements are often in the form of adjectives and adverbs. 

In Tagalog grammar, a modifier can either be an adjective or an adverb depending on the word it’s modifying. For instance, if the word being modified in a sentence is a noun, then the modifier used is an adjective. If, on the other hand, the word being modified is a verb, the modifier is an adverb.

Take the word mabuti , for instance, which means “good.”

It can be used to describe a noun, like estudyante (“student”): estudyanteng mabuti (“good student”). 

In this sentence, mabuti functioned as an adjective.

It can be used to describe verbs, too. You can say: nag-aral nang mabuti (“studied well”). 

Here, mabuti now functions as an adverb.

In Tagalog, modifiers can appear either before or after the subject, but what plays a huge part here are the linkers na and – ng. Whenever you see these enclitics in a sentence, it means modification has taken place.

In these examples, the modifier appears before the subject:

  • mabait na estudyante (“kind/good student”)
  • matalinong estudyante (“bright student”)
  • masunuring estudyante (“obedient student”)

We can also place the modifier after the subject:

  • estudyanteng mabait (“kind/good student”)
  • estudyanteng matalino (“bright student”)
  • estudyanteng masunurin (“obedient student”)

As you’ve noticed, the meaning of the phrases didn’t change even if the position of the modifiers did.

A Man Holding an A+ Assignment

Matalinong estudyante. (“Bright student.”)

Oh, and before anything else, let’s talk about the markers na and – ng for a second. Actually, -ng is simply a modified form of na . It’s used to replace na if the word that comes before it ends in a vowel. But what if na follows a word ending in the letter n ? If that’s the case, we drop the n from ng so that it now becomes g . We use na if the word it follows ends in a consonant. 

We can see some of these rules applied in the recent examples, but let’s check out some more:

Now, let’s try it with some verbs:

Clear? Good. Now, let’s see how a regular sentence can be transformed into a question.

5. Transforming a Regular Sentence into a Question

Improve Pronunciation

In the Tagalog language, there is one go-to word for forming interrogative sentences . That word is ba . This marker is actually one of the several untranslatable Tagalog words. If you want to change a sentence from the simple or imperative forms to the interrogative form, you simply add the word ba . Let’s try it with some sentences.

  • Simple Form: Nag-aaral si Arlene ng Filipino. (“Arlene is studying Filipino.”)
  • Interrogative Form: Nag-aaral ba si Arlene ng Filipino? (“Is Arlene studying Filipino?”)
  • Imperative Form: Mag-aral ka ng Filipino. (“Go and study Filipino.”)
  • Interrogative Form: Mag-aaral ka ba ng Filipino? (“Are you going to study Filipino?”)

Ba is added either at the end of the sentence, or after the verb or the noun.

In the following examples, ba is positioned at the end of the sentence.

  • Simple Form: Nag-aaral ka. (“You are studying.”)
  • Interrogative Form: Nag-aaral ka ba? (“Are you studying?”)
  • Imperative Form: Mag-aral ka. (“Go and study.”)
  • Interrogative Form: Mag-aaral ka ba ? (“Are you going to study?”)

What’s unique about the way Filipinos communicate is that they can do so even with just a single word (sometimes even with no words at all !). Let’s take this scenario, for example. 

A man just got home and asked his wife if their dog (who wasn’t feeling well) finally decided to eat.

Husband: Kumain ba ? (“Did she eat?”) 

Wife: Oo. (“Yes.”)

If the husband only said Kumain? It would still be a valid sentence and would be understood as Kumain ba?

It gets crazier with this typical exchange by the elevator.

Man 1: Bababa ba ? (“Is it going down?”)

Man 2: Bababa. (“It is going down.”)

Golly! That’s seven successive instances of a single syllable!

A Little Girl Counting on Her Fingers

Seven syllables. Did I count that right?

It’s not all the time, though, that ba is necessary. Just like in most languages, you can just add a question mark at the end of a declarative sentence to turn it into a question, particularly if the question has a tone of surprise to it.

  • Interrogative Form: Nag-aaral si Arlene ng Filipino? (“Arlene is studying Filipino?”)
  • Interrogative Form: Mag-aaral ka ng Filipino? (“You’re going to study Filipino?”)

A Man Looking Surprised at a Paper He’s Reading

Pumasa ako sa Filipino? (“I passed Filipino?”)

6. Translation Exercises

In this section, we’re going to apply what we’ve learned about Tagalog sentence structure so far. Again, there are several ways to arrange words in a Filipino sentence, but let’s just use the one that’s often used in casual conversations.

1. I study. ____________________

2. I study Tagalog. ____________________

3. I study Tagalog every day .____________________

4. I study Tagalog every day using FilipinoPod101. ____________________

5. I study Tagalog every day at home using FilipinoPod101. ____________________

6. I study Tagalog with my friend every day at home using FilipinoPod101. ____________________

Woman Using a Translation App on Her Phone

Okay, Siri, please translate…Oh, wait, you’re not Siri.

1. I study. Nag-aaral ako.

2. I study Tagalog. Nag-aaral ako ng Tagalog.

3. I study Tagalog every day. Araw-araw akong nag-aaral ng Tagalog. (Remember how prepositional phrases should go at the beginning of the sentence?)

4. I study Tagalog every day with FilipinoPod101. Araw-araw akong nag-aaral ng Tagalog gamit ang FilipinoPod101.

5. I study Tagalog every day at home with FilipinoPod101. Araw-araw akong nag-aaral sa bahay ng Tagalog gamit ang FilipinoPod101.

6.  I study Tagalog with my friend every day at home with FilipinoPod101. Araw-araw akong nag-aaral sa bahay ng Tagalog gamit ang FilipinoPod101 kasama ang kaibigan ko.

7. FilipinoPod101 Will Help Ease the Confusion

We did our best to make this guide as simple and easy as possible for you. However, we also believe that one short post about Tagalog sentence structure can only do so much. But that’s why FilipinoPod101 is here, isn’t it? 

With FilipinoPod101, you can learn more than just how to arrange words in sentences . If you sign up today, you’ll gain exclusive access to a number of learning resources you won’t find elsewhere. This includes an introduction to the Filipino language , a few key Filipino phrases , and unique articles designed to help you learn Tagalog in a fun and interesting way.

And then there’s the Premium PLUS program that’s designed especially for students who want to develop their Filipino writing and speaking skills in just a short period of  time. What are you waiting for? If you want to learn more about Filipino sentence structure or polish your Tagalog conversation skills, don’t think twice about signing up at FilipinoPod101 today!

What are your first impressions about Tagalog word order and sentence structure? Let us know in the comments!

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ELCOMBLUS

The Filipino Modern Essays

What is the modern essay of Filipinos? What do you read nowadays, and what does it say to you? The modern essay of Filipinos has become more experimental—it would usually take on an informal form. Some are brave enough to tackle sensitive issues (such as Kat Alano’s essay on “rape,” or Margarita Holmes and Jeremy Baer’s joint column that feature essays on love advice), and some are also bold enough to call out and criticize Filipino culture.

One thing is for sure: essays nowadays also tap on their readers for interpretation. Your own beliefs, experiences, feelings, values, and morals all take part of your interpretation of an essay. When the essay wants to say something, it does so with your help as its reader because you will be the one to decode its message.

Try decoding the message in Patricia Evangelista’s essay The Baby in the Backpack . Think about where you were and what you.

Patricia Evangelista is a columnist and writer for various publications, but most recently with the online news portal Rappler. She has been credited to have changed the face of Philippine journalism and has sparked discussions with her brave essays on Filipino culture, disasters, and events. She recently received the NCCA’s prestigious Ani ng Dangal award for her journalism.

The Baby in the Backpack by Patricia Evangelista

The backpack sat on the curbside. The surface was flaking, the purple print scratched. We found it in the afternoon, beside three corpses in body bags. The men working along the highway said that the bodies had just been recovered. They said there was a baby in the backpack.

It was cold that day. The air smelled of dead. I remember crouching beside the bag and hunting for the zipper, remember thinking I had to verify the story, remember feeling uneasy. It was a morbid act, like opening a stranger’s closed coffin. Maybe it was a convenient excuse, an odd conservatism in a city where the dead had been shoved into plastic garbage bags. I didn’t open the bag, ran my hands over it instead, tracing the lumps of head and hands and folded knees.

It was 15 days since the storm, and there was a corpse inside the backpack.

I write this late at night, in Manila, almost three months after typhoon Haiyan. It is difficult to write. I meant to write something else, have been trying to write something else for a week, an analysis of post-disaster vulnerabilities and government mishandling. I did the interviews, read the documents, watched the congressional hearings and the resulting glad-handing and politicking that came with it: the secretary of the interior smiling, the mayor of the broken city smiling back, the men and women in the background smiling along, all of them grinning as if they were not witness to weeks of calling each other liars and frauds.

Instead, I’m writing about how it was, on the ground, the apocalypse that all of us found when we landed on the Tacloban tarmac. I seem to be unable to write about anything else. I’ve been a columnist for ten years, a reporter for the last five. My beat is a disaster and human rights and the stories that fall in between — the dead, the lost, the rebels and the survivors. Nothing I’ve seen prepared me for what I saw after Haiyan.

I don’t claim to be a veteran. What I’ve seen is nothing to what many others have seen, and my version of reportage is very often limited to individual human experience instead of the larger implications. I fixate on images, sentences, narrative arcs, the smoke in the sky, the blood on the doorknob, the bottle of White Flower carried by the defendant, the color and pattern of the tiles on the floor of Quezon City Regional Trial Court Branch 221 instead of the decision handed down by the trial court judge. For me, Haiyan was the rainbow blanket around the dead boy. It was the father who covered his drowned daughter’s corpse with a tin roof to protect her from the rain. It was the man who walked daily to his girlfriend’s grave, the plastic panda floating in the water, the baby in the purple backpack.

There were many other stories. Government ineptitude. Political infighting. The scale of displacement and the terrible conditions forced on the survivors. I admit I went looking for the dead, an easy thing in Haiyan country. My reasoning is the same as it’s always been — in a situation where morals are suspended and the narrative makes no sense, it is necessary to hold whatever truth is left: that the dead shouldn’t be dead.

Maybe there is some ego involved here, the awareness that the sights and smells and sounds that will force the average person to turn away is something that can be handled without flinching, safe under the cloak of public interest. It is necessary to pretend those of us who report are tougher than everyone else. It is necessary, very often, to pretend this is a job, a. commitment, a challenge met that separates us from the government clerk or the lawyer or even the reporters who cover the seemingly safer beats. We understand, for example, that it is possible to step away, to retreat to some safe mental corner while noting down the observation that the body in the water is probably female, that what may or may not be breasts are still under the faded yellow shirt, in spite of the fact the face above the shirt has been stripped of skin and flesh.

It is of course presumptuous for me to use the Big word “we” instead of “1,” but “I” is a pronoun that Idea I have used under protest in the last few years. “I” is personal, it redirects the spotlight, it is arrogant and indulgent and emphasizes the primacy of personal opinion instead of the real story. I don’t pretend to speak for all journalists, or even for some journalists. I’m not certain I even speak for myself, as the safe mental corner that I used to have is no longer particularly safe. Fourteen million people were affected, at least 6,000 died. What I felt and continue to feel is not the story I mean to tell, as there are many things more deserving of public space than the confusion of a 28-year-old journalist, especially one who demanded for this coverage and found out that the magic cape has holes.

Every day I asked the questions. Framed the interviews. Rolled the video. Held up a hand to stop a weeping man midsentence because of the roar of the C130 swooping overhead. Nodded, in understanding, as if it was possible to understand how it feels to watch wife and children drown while hanging on to a slab of concrete. I asked survivors about the height of the waters and the loss of daughters, and although many of them were desperate to tell their stories, it was impossible not to feel exploitative, that we were, or I was, using their grief to add to the grand drama that was the aftermath of typhoon Haiyan. 

I don’t pretend I made any sort of difference. The stories I told were stories people might or might not read or watch—or share, in the language of the Internet—but they were only stories, and at the end of the day I knew I was leaving, knew that in a week or two weeks I would be in Manila at my desk and the weeping father would still be there, in the dark, dreaming of his lost babies. I suspect I went looking for the worst to validate my being on the ground. It would be romantic to say I was bearing witness for the victims. The truth was that I went from shock to further shock, and I was afraid, always, that I wasn’t doing anyone’s story justice. Covering Haiyan was like walking into a Salvador Dali painting and discovering the paint was still damp.

I asked for a week longer, after a week I stayed one more, and then was allowed one more. I like to think I stayed as long as I could, but that’s only one way of telling the story. The longer I stayed, the less guilty I felt. I admit I didn’t finish out that last week, because on the 16th day I found myself on the coast shooting a woman’s corpse hanging from a tree. It took a long time to see the body. I was standing less than five feet across, I could smell it, I was told it was there, but her head was pushed back and her arms were the color of deadwood and my brain refused to acknowledge that what I was staring at used to be a person. When the image suddenly made sense in my head, I took the photo, then turned to vomit into the bushes.

There were many more bodies before and after that, mass graves with hundreds of tangled dead, but none of them had me heaving with my hands on my knees. Maybe it was the fact she hung meters away from the shanty of a man who refused to leave for an evacuation center because he was waiting for his missing wife to come home—”I want to be here when she comes,” he said. His name is William Cabuquing, and he was one of the survivors who packed the bodies of his neighbors into bags 14 days after he staggered home bleeding after being swept across the bay. He did not know who the woman on the tree was.

That night I was on the phone with my editor. Are you all right, she asked. It was a question that at that point seemed terribly important, and I stuttered and mumbled and was largely inarticulate until I managed to say, after a series of evasions, that yes, I wanted to go home.

The truth is that there is no going home. It is difficult to write about it, and more difficult to write about anything else. I am aware there are many journalists who can move past stories like this, that my job demands I move past it myself. I also know there are others like me who have been smoking too much and sleeping too long, who have come home to wake in the night, unable to move on to other stories and other responsibilities, aware, one way or another, that whatever story comes along, Haiyan is out there, and the promises we made are still no more than promises.

I like to think of journalism as an attempt to make the public imagine. We cannot protest against what we cannot see, we cannot move when we cannot be made to feel. Six thousand is a large number, larger than Ketsana’s 464, Bopha’s 1,067 or Washi’s 1,453, but it is difficult, as with any statistic, to remember that each one of the thousands in each of the storms shouldn’t have died, could have been saved, deserved, if nothing else, to be buried with some attempt at dignity instead of being left to rot in a muddy field covered with campaign posters. We are meant to understand that, to imagine that, to stand in the shoes of the man scrabbling in the muck for his fiancée. To forget what happened makes us all guilty, makes us accomplices to what brought them here, allows the same tragedy to happen again and again, as it has happened, again and again.

I don’t know what I intended to say. Maybe that I can’t forget, or that I’m afraid I will. Many of us who were on the ground are afraid to say what it was like, because we’re supposed to be tough as nails. We’re supposed to be brave. We’re meant to serve the story. We’re supposed to walk away from the mass grave and report the number and the state of decomposition. We can stand in the hellhole that was Zamboanga City in September and say yes, we can take more. We’re afraid if we say we can’t, we won’t be sent to the next story, will be told we don’t have the balls, don’t have what it takes, can’t deliver, won’t survive. I say “we” because it’s harder to say “I,” and maybe that was what 1 meant to say. 

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A Legal Showdown on the Border Between the U.S. and Texas: What to Know

A court in Austin heard oral arguments in the federal government’s bid to block Texas from imposing a wide-ranging new immigration law.

Officers in Border Patrol uniforms talk to several people standing near a large border wall.

By J. David Goodman

Reporting from Austin

The Biden administration is suing the State of Texas over a new state law that would empower state and local police officers to arrest migrants who cross from Mexico without authorization.

On Thursday, a federal court in Austin heard three hours of arguments over whether to halt the implementation of the law, which is set to go into effect on March 5.

The case has far-reaching implications for the future of immigration law and border enforcement and has been closely watched across the country. It comes amid fierce political fighting between the parties — and within them — over how to handle illegal immigration and follows the impeachment by House Republicans of the secretary of homeland security , and the failure of a bipartisan Senate deal to bolster security at the border.

Texas has argued that its law is necessary to deter migrants from crossing illegally, as has happened in record numbers over the past year. The Biden administration argues that the law conflicts with federal law and violates the U.S. Constitution, which gives the federal government authority over immigration matters.

The judge hearing the case, David A. Ezra of the Western District of Texas, was appointed to the bench by President Ronald Reagan. He had frequent questions, particularly when the lawyer representing the Texas attorney general was speaking, and appeared skeptical of the law.

“Let’s say for the purpose of argument that I agree with you,” Judge Ezra told the state’s lawyer, Ryan Walters. California might then want to pass its own immigration and deportation law, he said. Maybe then Maine would follow, he added, and then other states.

“That turns us from the United States of America into a confederation of states,” Judge Ezra said. “What a nightmare.”

What does the Texas law say?

The law passed by the Texas Legislature, known as Senate Bill 4 , makes it a crime to cross into Texas from a foreign country anywhere other than a legal port of entry, usually the international bridges from Mexico.

Under the law, known as S.B. 4, any migrant seen by the police wading across the Rio Grande could be arrested and charged in state court with a misdemeanor on the first offense. A second offense would be a felony. After being arrested, migrants could be ordered during the court process to return to Mexico or face prosecution if they don’t agree to go.

Texas lawmakers said they had designed S.B. 4 to closely follow federal law, which already bars illegal entry. The new law effectively allows state law enforcement officers all over Texas to conduct what until now has been the U.S. Border Patrol’s work.

It allows for migrants to be prosecuted for the new offense up to two years after they cross into Texas.

How does it challenge federal immigration authority?

Lawyers for the Biden administration argue that the Texas law conflicts with numerous federal laws passed by Congress that provide for a process for handling immigration proceedings and deportations.

The administration says the law interferes with the federal government’s foreign diplomacy role, pointing to complaints already lodged against Texas’ border actions by the government of Mexico. The Mexican authorities said they “rejected” any legislation that would allow the state or local authorities to send migrants, most of whom are not Mexican, back over the border to Mexico.

The fight over the law is likely to end up before the U.S. Supreme Court, legal experts have said . If so, it will give the 6-to-3 conservative majority a chance to revisit a 2012 case stemming from Arizona’s attempt to take on immigration enforcement responsibilities. That case, Arizona v United States, was narrowly decided in favor of the power of the federal government to set immigration policy.

Immigrant organizations, civil rights advocates and some Texas Democrats have criticized the law because it could make it more difficult for migrants being persecuted in their home countries to seek asylum, and it does not protect legitimate asylum seekers from prosecution in state courts.

Critics have also said that the law could lead to racial profiling because it allows law enforcement officers even far from the border to arrest anyone they suspect of having entered illegally in the previous two years. The result, they warn, could lead to improper traffic stops and arrests of anyone who looks Hispanic.

Wait, didn’t the Supreme Court already rule against Texas?

Not in this case.

Texas and the Biden administration have been battling for months over immigration enforcement on several legal fronts.

One case involves the placement by Texas of a 1,000-foot barrier of buoys in the middle of the Rio Grande, which Gov. Greg Abbott said would deter crossings. The federal government sued, arguing that the barrier violated a federal law over navigable rivers. In December, a federal appeals court sided with the Biden administration, ordering Texas to remove the barrier from the middle of the river while the case moved forward.

A second case involves Border Patrol agents’ cutting or removing of concertina wire — installed by the Texas authorities on the banks of the Rio Grande — in cases where agents need to assist migrants in the river or detain people who have crossed the border. The Texas attorney general, Ken Paxton, filed a lawsuit claiming that Border Patrol agents who removed the wire were destroying state property.

It was a fight over an injunction in that case that reached the Supreme Court on an emergency application. The justices, without giving their reasons, sided with the Biden administration , allowing border agents to cut or remove the wire when they need to while further arguments are heard in the case at the lower court level.

Why the stakes are higher now

Unlike the other cases, the battle over S.B. 4 involves a direct challenge by Texas to what courts and legal experts have said has been the federal government’s unique role: arresting, detaining and possibly deporting migrants at the nation’s borders.

“This will be a momentous decision,” said Fatma E. Marouf, a law professor and director of the Immigrant Rights Clinic at the Texas A&M University School of Law. “If they uphold this law, it will be a whole new world. It’s hard to imagine what Texas couldn’t do, if this were allowed.”

The federal government is seeking an injunction to prevent the law from going into effect next month.

“S.B. 4 is clearly invalid under settled precedent,” said Brian Boynton, who presented the Justice Department’s case.

“There is nothing in S.B. 4 that affords people the rights they have under federal law,” he said, later adding that the law would interfere with foreign affairs and the actions of the Department of Homeland Security.

Lawyers for Texas argued that the new law would not conflict with existing federal law. “This is complementary legislation,” said Mr. Walters, a lawyer for the state.

But Judge Ezra expressed concern that the law did not allow a judge to pause a prosecution for illegally entering Texas in the case of someone applying for asylum, calling that provision of the Texas law “troublesome” and “very problematic.”

“It just slaps the federal immigration law in the face,” he said.

Texas argued that the record number of migrant arrivals at the Texas border constituted an “invasion” that Texas had the power to defend itself against under Article I, Section 10 of the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits states from engaging in war on their own “unless actually invaded.”

The state has cited the same constitutional provision in the other pending cases between Texas and the federal government. But legal experts said the argument was a novel one.

And Judge Ezra appeared unconvinced on Thursday, as he had been when the same argument was presented last year in the buoy barrier case, which he decided in favor of the federal government .

“I do not see any evidence that Texas is at war,” he said on Thursday.

Before adjourning, the judge turned to Mr. Walters, the Texas lawyer, and said that he would work quickly to issue his decision so that if the state wanted to appeal before March 5, “you can.” He then turned to the federal government’s lawyers and added: “Either of you.”

J. David Goodman is the Houston bureau chief for The Times, reporting on Texas and Oklahoma. More about J. David Goodman

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I hate to say it but, yes, you should dress for success

  • Maybe work attire shouldn't matter, but it does. 
  • For better or worse, studies show humans form impressions about each other at a glance.
  • These impressions are based in part on clothes.

Insider Today

We've covered how to make a fortune , how to manage (or fire ) your boss, what it means to work smarter , and many other career topics. And now, it's finally time to discuss the perennial and important work-related question: How should you dress?

The short answer is:

You should "dress for success."

That usually means dressing professionally, the way most successful people in your organization and industry dress — those people whose jobs and reputations you eventually want.

Now, especially early in your career, it's easy to resent that.

For example, you might feel that your personal clothes are part of your identity and that having to dress differently at work is an affront to who you are. Or you might be confused about what it means to dress professionally.

Also, "professional" clothes can be expensive and a pain to care for.

And sometimes they're uncomfortable.

I sympathize — because I used to think that way!

When left to my own devices, I dress extremely casually. For example, thanks to a moth invasion, most of my sweaters look like they were used as targets at a shooting gallery. But when I'm home, I still wear them. Because they work. Also, from April to October, when it's hot and humid in the northeast, I usually wear shorts. Because they're comfortable.

(My editor, Hayley Peterson, once wrote a story about "short suits" — a short-lived fashion trend that tried to blend suits with shorts. Fortunately, I never read it. Because I might have tried it. And then I would have looked even more ridiculous.)

Anyway, at the beginning of my career, my desire to "just be me"—and my hatred of formal clothing—actually factored into the kind of work I chose to do. (Freelance writing, teaching tennis, etc.)

Even today, I have to remind myself that the clothes that I reach for instinctively at home are not suitable for work — including Zooms.

But I no longer resent society or my employers or colleagues for making me dress up a bit.

This is because I now see that, whether or not it should, appearance and professionalism in the workplace (including clothing) affect how you're perceived — and, therefore, can impact career progression and, in some cases, the quality of your work. (I'll come back to this.)

I also see — and this is key — that it's not about me .

It's about respecting my colleagues and job enough to make an effort to look and act professionally and represent my organization in a way that helps it.

No, you don't necessarily have to wear suits

Importantly, "dressing for success" does not mean always wearing a high-end suit. In fact, in today's workplaces, that would rarely be appropriate — and could even be considered bizarre, ostentatious, or stuffy.

It also doesn't mean you have to look "sharp" or "stylish." (No one will ever accuse me of that!)

"Dressing for success" just means looking professional and in keeping with your workplace culture — as opposed to how you might dress on the weekend or at home.

In some workplaces, that means suits.

In others, it means " business casual ."

In others, it's "anything but pajamas or bathing suits."

In others, (it seems), it's almost anything .

It also, of course, matters what kind of work you do. If you're an individual contributor like a software developer or writer, where you rarely interact with colleagues in person or on video and never physically represent your employer to the outside world, your clothes are less important. Your boss may care what you're wearing, so it will behoove you to know that and make an effort. But the less you visually interact with people, the less it matters.

In these cases, moreover, you can argue credibly that you do your best work when you are most comfortable and, therefore, that it's in your employer's interest to define "dressing for success" as "dressing in the way you do your best work."

(Though, even here, it's worth pointing out that some individual contributors — like the biographer Robert Caro — wear a suit and tie every day even when they sit alone in their office and never interact with anyone . Why? In Caro's case, he's said it reminds him that he's a professional who has a job to do, and is at work.)

When you do visually interact with people at work, moreover — internally or externally — your clothes and general appearance make a much bigger difference.

This is because, for better or worse, and whether they should or not, humans form impressions about each other at a glance . These impressions are based on facial and behavioral cues as well as… clothes .

Not surprisingly, research suggests that looking more professional creates a better first impression .

(It also suggests that shelling out to buy a bespoke suit vs. an off-the-rack one pays off. So apparently, in the days when I worked on Wall Street and wore suits, I should have done that!)

Once your bosses, colleagues, and outsiders have formed an impression of you as a competent and respectful professional and an asset to your organization, you have more latitude. In that case, joining a weekend or evening Zoom in your gym clothes will be understood as a situational-specific convenience, not a benchmark of your professionalism and attitude.

But if you always dress in gym clothes, pajamas, or cut-offs, even when meeting in person with colleagues, clients, prospective clients, outsiders, and people who work for you, many of these folks may assume that you care little about your work and job.

These people might further assume that, if you don't care enough to look professional, you also probably don't care enough to behave professionally in other ways that could affect the quality of work you do.

That impression could hurt not only you and your employer and your career prospects, but your ability to do your job.

As with other aspects of professional conduct, dressing for success is not about you . It's about your respect for the organization that is paying you and the colleagues you work with. And it makes a difference.

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