pcat writing section

PCAT Essay Writing Guide

What is the pcat writing test.

The PCAT exam, or Pharmacy College Admission Test, contains five sections and is available to take during four testing windows throughout the year: July, September, October/November, and January. Seating for the exam is based on a first-come, first-served basis, so it is extremely important to register early.

The PCAT Writing test consists of one essay. You are presented with a prompt in a text box in which to compose your essay, and you will have 30 minutes total in which to write it. The prompt will be one short paragraph, outlining a problem. In your essay, you must demonstrate that you understand the problem described in the prompt, and then you must describe a possible solution.

Although that may sound challenging, remember that you do NOT need a vast knowledge of history or politics to do well on this essay; however, some knowledge of current events and world news would prove helpful. The “Problem/Solution” style essay is fairly common, and we’ll look more closely at generally known world problems, their causes, and possible solutions under the strategy section provided below.

In the writing section’s text box, you will have the ability to use basic text commands such as “cut,” “copy,” and “paste,” however, you will NOT be permitted to use any kind of spell-check or grammar check on your finished essay. Consequently, paying attention to proper spelling and grammar, and making sure you have some time to proofread your final essay before the 30 minutes runs out is essential to achieving a high score!

PCAT Writing Score

Your PCAT essay will receive two scores on a scale of 1.0-6.0. One score will be given by a trained reader, and the other may (or may not) be given by Pearson’s Intelligent Essay Assessor. Pearson’s Intelligent Essay Assessor is an automated Internet scoring system that uses programmed knowledge of word patterns against a large database of similar essays to evaluate a student’s written ability. It also checks for spelling and grammar errors.

The two scores are then averaged to calculate your final PCAT Writing score. For example, let’s say your essay receives a 3.0 from the human reader, and a 4.0 from the Intelligent Essay Assessor. Your final PCAT Writing score will be a 3.5. Essays are scored as 0 if left blank, or if written in a language other than English. As long as you make an attempt, you cannot receive lower than a 1.0.

Keep in mind that while your raw scores for the other sections of the PCAT will be available to you immediately after your exam, you must wait 5 weeks for your official PCAT score report and to receive your essay score. Within 5 weeks, you will receive a report that looks like the one pictured.

Notice that the Writing score is set apart from the Multiple-Choice scores. Your writing score is listed in the fifth column, and next to it, under “Mean” is the average score for all test-takers in the past 12 months. You may find that your mean score is different from peers who also took the PCAT around the same time. This is because the specific difficulty level of each prompt is taken into account when calculating the mean score. It’s designed to give you a snapshot of how you compare with the average test-taker around the time you took your exam, but you shouldn’t worry about it. Schools are only interested in the score. Notice as well that you will not be given information regarding the score determined by the human reader, nor the score determined by the Intelligent Essay Assessor.

The two areas that your reader and Intelligent Essay Assessor evaluate when assigning a score to your essay are:

Conventions of Language

Problem Solving

“Conventions of Language” refers to HOW you write the essay. Do you use proper spelling and grammar? Do you demonstrate command of the English language, varied sentence structure, and strong, confident rhetorical construction? Do you use consistent, proper punctuation? Clear paragraphs, appropriate organization and planning, as well as a smooth “flow” to your essay will help you earn a 6.0!

“Problem Solving” refers to WHAT you discuss in your essay. Is it clear you understood the problem? Do you offer clear, logical solutions? Be sure to use examples to support your position. Do not fabricate facts and figures, but do use concrete nouns and specific names, places, and people. For example, “Nelson Mandela” is better than “a politician,” and “the civil war in Syria” is better than “current wars.” On this exam, specificity is more favorable than generality!

Official Scoring Rubric

Read through the descriptions below to learn from the “official PCAT scoring rubric” what makes a perfect essay. As you prepare, consider the following: What are your strengths? What are your weaknesses? Consider how best to spend your time improving in these areas before your test date. You may find it productive to memorize transitions words, read strong sample essays, refine your grammar skills, or review commonly misspelled words. However, the absolute best preparation is to write as many practice essays as possible under the actual test conditions prior to your exam.

Score Point 6: Superior  

• The writer skillfully applies the conventions of language.
• The writer makes very few, if any, mistakes in sentence formation, usage, and mechanics, and no errors are serious enough to interfere with the overall flow of the response or with its meaning.
• The response exhibits a more sophisticated structural pattern that incorporates a greater variety of transitional words/phrases and shows some evidence of advanced rhetorical techniques.
• The response represents a persuasive essay showing strong evidence of efficient composition skills.
• The solution discussed is clearly related to the problem and is developed with relevant, convincing support (e.g., facts, examples, anecdotes).
• The main tenets of the problem and the solution are discussed and explained with in depth support and detail.
• One or more alternative solutions, or multiple possible solutions, are included with clear discussion, analysis, and evaluation.
• The response is a logical and effectively organized argument that is purposefully presented.

PCAT Essay Writing Strategy

As mentioned above, the PCAT is a classic “Problem/Solution” essay. The types of problems the prompt will address typically fall under three categories:

• Social, Cultural, or Political

Health prompts typically involve issues related to nutrition, medicine, fitness, disease, treatments, etc. Science prompts will address issues regarding theories, research, applications, controversies, findings, etc. The remaining prompts will touch on topics ranging from societal beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors, to trends, policies, and laws.

These are areas of discussion frequently found on radio programs such as those airing on NPR, or in news magazines such as TIME . It may be helpful for you to spend time with these publications in the month before your PCAT so you can develop some awareness of the opinions that exist around these “hot button” issues.

Common Solutions

Many students worry about not having enough time in 30 minutes to describe a solution. It may prove worthwhile to memorize a list of common solutions to these problems. Select 3 solutions from this list that resonate most strongly with you and commit them to memory:

• More education
• Better leadership
• New method of solving
• Stricter (or looser) laws
• Remove the problem source
• More funding
• Intervention from outside

“More education” suggests that if people were better educated about the problem, then their changing attitudes would help solve it. For example, perhaps if people knew that the landfills were detrimentally impacting the earth, they would be motivated to recycle.

“Better leadership” indicates that the current leaders are ineffective. For example, if the problem in the prompt is the threat of terrorism, it is possible that the current President or members of Congress lack the vision or willpower to do what is necessary to address the issue. You could propose a change in leadership as a possible solution.

“New method of solving” means that the current system is failing, so a new system should be put into place. For example, if the problem described is obesity in America, and the current system encourages people to exercise more, you could argue that a possible solution would be to ALSO remove junk food like candy and soft drinks from schools.

“Stricter (or looser) laws” proposes that the problem could be fixed through law enforcement or judicial system involvement. For example, if the problem is that too many people are dying in car accidents while texting, then you could recommend that the police adopt a harsher system for ticketing those people caught holding their phones while driving.

“Remove the problem source” means that perhaps one way to solve the problem is to eliminate its root cause. For example, if the problem is the damage to soil caused by fracking, you may suggest to stop all fracking and find an alternative that does not result in soil degradation.

“More funding” suggests that the problem stems from an inadequate money supply. For example, if the issue is that there is an excess of homeless people on the streets, one possible solution is that there should be more federal money allocated to programs that assist the homeless.

“Compromise” submits that the problem involves two parties who disagree on an issue who could mutually benefit by meeting each other halfway. For example, the prompt may describe the issue of gun control in America in terms of a disagreement between two groups over the prohibition of gun shows. You could recommend a compromise of stricter limitations on who can buy guns at gun shows.

“Intervention from outside” asserts that the problem is unsolvable by the parties currently involved. For example, in a problem involving armed conflict, such as the civil war in Syria, you could propose a solution of more direct military intervention on behalf of the United Nations or the United States.

PCAT Writing Template

In 30 minutes, you must complete your essay, so it’s crucial you efficiently manage your time. The following strategy is recommended:

STEP 1 – Read the prompt. (1 min)

STEP 2 – Outline your essay. (4 min)

STEP 3 – Write your essay. (23 min)

STEP 4 – Edit your essay. (2 min)

You may not believe that 23 minutes is long enough to write 4-5 paragraphs, but your introduction and conclusion only need to be 3 sentences long. Here is a template you can apply to EVERY PCAT practice essay you compose.

Introduction:

The problem of __________ requires immediate attention. It is harmful to society because ________, and _________. In order to solve this complex problem, there are three actions that must be undertaken: _________, ________, and __________.

Body Paragraph:

One suitable solution that would remedy the problem of __________ is _________. It is particularly effective in this case, because ____________. Though some people may doubt its efficacy, resulting from __________, their assessment is shortsighted based on the evidence of ___________. Additionally, ______________.

Conclusion:

It is critical that we take appropriate action to solve the problem of ________. As described, the most effective ways of doing so are _________, ________, and _________. The sooner we enact one or more of these solutions, the sooner we can move on to the other issues plaguing our global community.

All you need to do is fill in the blanks with the prompt’s problem, your chosen solutions, and your specific examples. Now let’s try it out with a sample writing prompt.

PCAT Writing Sample Prompt

Prompt: Discuss a solution to the problems involved in raising children in a country that allows few restrictions on the mass media.

Consider the selection of 3 solutions from the solution list above: more education, more funding, and compromise. Applying these solutions to the template yields:

The problem of the negative influence on the nation’s children caused by the mass media requires immediate attention. This influence is harmful to society; studies have shown that childhood educational development is stunted by excessive audio-visual stimulation in infancy, and that the real-world language skills of older children suffer as a result of their exposure to and interactions using social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Snapchat. This problem, although complex, can be redressed by implementing three solutions: more education for parents on the dangers of mass media, more funding for after-school programs, including sports and music that require face-to-face interaction, and a potential compromise between media companies and the FCC so that young children are not regularly exposed to adult content.

Now we’ve set up the three body paragraphs with which to elaborate on each solution: (1) better education for parents on why too much mass media is bad for their kids, (2) more funding for after-school programs, (3) how the media can compromise with regulators to limit exposure.

Next Step: Try writing a 5-paragraph essay and see if you can complete it using this template. If you struggle with pacing, it is fine to write only 4 paragraphs (with only two solutions), but be sure to explicitly articulate WHY your solutions would work! It’s better to have 4 great paragraphs than 5 bad ones. Above all, be patient with yourself, you may need to write several essays before you fully develop your confidence.

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General Education

MCAT , GRE , GMAT ...there seem to be a million different tests to get into graduate school, and the PCAT is one of them. Students who want to go to pharmacy school are often required to take the PCAT exam as part of their admissions packet.

But what is the PCAT, exactly? What’s the format of the exam? And what kind of PCAT scores do you need to get into pharmacy school?

Well, fear not! We’ve put together an expert introduction to the PCAT exam. In this article, we’ll cover:

• The unique features of the PCAT
• An overview of PCAT registration
• What to expect when taking the test
• The typical PCAT scores required for pharmacy programs

Having a good understanding of the PCAT can save you a lot of trouble later, so read on!

What Is the PCAT?

PCAT stands for “Pharmacy College Admission Test,” and it is the main standardized test that is used to determine potential students’ readiness for a pharmacy program. In other words, the PCAT’s job is to help admissions committees determine whether you’re academically prepared for their program. 

If you’re serious about becoming a pharmacist, it’s important that you get high PCAT scores, which is a key step to getting into your first choice pharmacy program. 

Like most specialized standardized tests, the PCAT looks at both knowledge and skills . Generally speaking, the PCAT tests five different knowledge and skill categories through a series of subtests. Here’s the high-level breakdown of what you’ll be tested on: 

As you can probably guess, preparation for the PCAT test will involve both memorization and practice problems. It also means that you’ll need to start studying early and often if you want to ace the PCAT exam. (More on that in just a moment!)  

If you want to become a pharmacist, you'll most likely need to take the PCAT.  

Who Should Take the PCAT? 

Obviously, most people who take the PCAT are people looking to begin a pharmacy program. Like we mentioned earlier, many pharmacy schools require potential students to take and submit their PCAT scores as part of their application packets.

When determining whether you need to take the PCAT, it’s important to make sure it’s a requirement for your particular program . Many schools are now PCAT-optional, and the PCAT itself is no longer being administered as of March 2024.

You don’t want to waste your time and money studying for a test you don’t need, so make sure to do a little research now to save yourself a ton of headaches later.

When Should You Take the PCAT?

While the requirements for each individual pharmacy program are different, the general rule-of-thumb is to take the PCAT before or during the application season for pharmacy graduate programs. For most students, this means taking the PCAT during their senior year of their undergraduate degree programs.

However, some programs that are all-inclusive (allowing students to earn both a bachelor’s and a Doctor of Pharmacy degree, usually within a shorter time frame) require high school students to submit PCAT scores with their application, though this is not typical.

We also recommend taking the PCAT well before your school applications are due. Most pharmacy school application deadlines are in May or early June, but the actual due date varies from program to program . ( You can find a list of schools and their application deadlines here. )

Waiting until the last minute to take the PCAT exam means you may get stuck with PCAT scores you’re not happy with. High scores are key to getting into the program of your dreams, so leave yourself plenty of time to study and/or retake the exam if necessary. We recommend that you create a spreadsheet with the application due dates for your potential pharmacy programs so you can keep your scheduling on track. 

One quick tip: potential pharmacy school candidates are limited to taking the PCAT five times. While you can take the PCAT more than that, it requires additional approval and documentation. That’s just one more reason why it’s important to schedule yourself enough breathing room study...and, of course, to do well on the exam!  

PCAT vs. MCAT

The MCAT and PCAT seem similar in name but are extremely different in purpose. The MCAT is the Medical College Admission Tes t, and, like the PCAT, is a standardized test that’s used to gauge your readiness for graduate-level study. 

Some pharmacy schools will accept either the MCAT or the PCAT, but those schools tend to be in the minority. The rule of thumb tends to be that pharmacy schools require the PCAT, whereas medical schools require the MCAT.

Let’s say you’re applying to a school that will accept either test. How do you decide which one to take? If you’re certain that you want to go into pharmacy, then the PCAT is most likely the better option for you. Total testing time for the PCAT is only around four hours in comparison to the MCAT’s over six hours, and there are fewer subtest sections. Additionally, the PCAT tests a more limited knowledge field, so you’ll have a narrower band to topics to study. This will make your test prep simpler, allowing you to focus deeply on a few topics instead of trying to cover everything the MCAT requires.

Our recommendation is that if you have an option, it’s more beneficial for you to take the PCAT to get into pharmacy school . But once again, make sure you’re checking with your individual program!

PCAT Registration

Once you’ve decided you want to go to pharmacy school—and after you’ve started studying for your PCAT exam!—it’s time to register for the test. 

Just like any standardized test, you’ll need to think ahead about when you will take the PCAT. First, you’ll need to consider when each school’s deadlines for submitting your PCAT scores are, and then decide budget time in case you need to retake the test. 

You’ll also need to make a goal of how much you need to study. Studying a little each day will help you more than studying all at once close to the test, so come up with a plan to maximize your time. 

Once you have a rough idea of how much lead-up time you’ll need for the PCAT exam, it’s time to look at the PCAT testing dates. A schedule of PCAT registration is in the table below, but for fully-updated information, you’ll need to check the official PCAT website .

Luckily, the process of PCAT registration is simple. The earlier you book, the more likely that there will be enough spaces left in the testing center you want, so getting ahead of the game is always a good idea. 

To book, click this link and then create an account. Fill out all of your personal information, choose three schools to send your PCAT scores, and then select your testing date based on the registration windows that are open. Finally, choose the city you would like to take the test in. 

After you confirm the information you’ve put in and paying for the test (subject to change, but usually $200), you’re booked!

The best way to prepare for any test is to learn more about it. Keep reading to get the inside scoop on everything you can expect to see on the PCAT!

What to Expect From the PCAT

Now that you have a general idea about what the PCAT exam is, who should take it, and how to register for it, let’s take a closer look at what’s actually on the test itself. 

Test Format

The test is given by computer only and is made up of five sections in this order: writing, biology, chemistry, critical reading, and quantitative reasoning. Below is a table detailing the time and number of questions for each section. Note that between chemistry and critical reading, there is an optional fifteen-minute break . 

Also, testing centers do not allow you to bring a calculator or any other aid for taking the test, but a calculator or Periodic Table may be provided in sections where you might need them.

Keep in mind that Pearson, the company that administers the PCAT, does allow special accommodations for students with demonstrated need. You can check out the Pearson website for more information. 

There is no official scoring calendar for the PCAT, but scores will be given no later than five weeks after the test has been taken and are available online. Because most of the questions on the PCAT are multiple choice, everything except the writing section is graded electronically. Your essay from the writing section is read by scorers who have been trained to look for two main writing capabilities: grammatical correctness and problem-solving ability.

PCAT scores overall range from 200-600, where 200 is the lowest possible score and 600 is a perfect score . This number does not include the writing section, where a respondent’s essay is read by two readers, rated on a 1-6 scale by each person, and averaged. 

When it comes to calculating scores, the PCAT only counts correct answers. That’s why filling in every question is vital, as incorrect answers are not counted against you. So while it’s better to know the information (so you don’t have to guess in the first place), make sure you don’t leave any answers blank! 

The 5 PCAT Sections

Like we mentioned earlier, the PCAT is broken into five testing sections, sometimes referred to as “subtests.” Here’s what you can expect on each one. 

The writing section, made up of one essay question that you answer over the course of 30 minutes, requires good knowledge of grammar and critical thinking skills . The goal of the writing section is to provide an organized and effective argument based on the prompts, which always fall under one of three categories:

• Health Issues
• Science Issues
• Social, Cultural, or Political Issues

It might be tempting to spend lots of time reading up on these topics before taking the PCAT exam. While it’s always important to know about the hot-button issues in your field, prior knowledge of any subjects brought up in the prompts isn’t required. Instead, the scorers simply want to see if you can think logically through a problem and clearly present a solution in a thoughtful, articulate manner. 

The biology section, formally called “biological processes,” requires you to answer 48 questions over the course of 45 minutes. Questions often ask for the correct term for a particular process or biological factor. That means knowing key terms and definitions is key to succeeding on this subtest. 

The biology section’s questions fall into one of three categories, with their distribution in parentheses:

• General Biology (50%)
• Microbiology (20%)
• Human Anatomy & Physiology (30%)

An official list of the topics covered in each category is available on the PCAT website, but in general, memorization of everything from cells to systems will help you on your way to a great score. 

Like the last section, the chemistry subtest also has 48 questions which you’ll answer in 45 minutes. Questions in this section are formatted very similarly to the biology section, with multiple choice questions that are often accompanied by a short passage, data set, or visual. 

When studying chemistry, focus on:

• General Chemistry (50%)
• Organic Chemistry (30%)
• Basic Biochemistry Processes (20%)

Unlike biology, chemistry requires that you understand and recognize several key theories (e.g. kinetic theory). You’ll also need to be able to apply that information to different problem sets.

Critical Reading

The critical reading section gives you 50 minutes to answer 48 questions, where all of the questions are spread across six reading passages. Put another way, you’ll have six reading passages, and you’ll have to answer 48 questions about the information in them. 

While the passages are usually not very long, the topics can be dense and difficult to read . The main types of questions in the reading section are:

• Comprehension (30%)
• Analysis (40%)
• Evaluation (40%)

The challenge with the reading section is its place immediately after the break and in between the science-based sections and the mathematics section. It requires you to shift the way you’re thinking pretty quickly, so you’ll need to be prepared! 

Quantitative Reasoning

The final section is mathematics, or quantitative reasoning. It asks you to answer 48 questions during the course of 50 minutes. The format is similar to each of the scientific sections, though each question requires some computation and application of mathematical equations or principles. The subjects covered are:

• Basic Math (25%)
• Algebra (25%)
• Probability and Statistics (18%)
• Precalculus (18%)
• Calculus (14%)

Though the quantitative section is 50 minutes long, the challenge here is time management. Many of the questions can take quite a bit of time to answer, so you’ll want to have a strategy in place for how to maximize your time.  

PCAT Practice Test Questions

It’s always helpful to look at some real-life practice questions to get a better feel for an exam. While we definitely recommend taking some PCAT practice tests   (or maybe even getting a PCAT study guide! ), the following section will give you a better sense of what questions of the PCAT exam look like. 

The good news about the writing section is that there is only one question for you to answer in 30 minutes or less. The challenge is coming up with a cohesive and persuasive answer in essay form in that short amount of time. Below is an example prompt you could expect to see on the PCAT.

Discuss a solution to the problems involved in raising children in a country that allows few restrictions on the mass media.

Like we mentioned earlier, you don’t really need to have a ton of outside knowledge to answer this prompt, As long as you know what “mass media” is, you can start to formulate an argument based on your own knowledge. That’s ultimately what graders are looking for: can you think on your feet and write logically--and persuasively--about a problem. 

The best writers take the time to think through the points of their argument and come up with persuasive sub-points to back up their claims. Each of the points of their argument go to supporting their overall conclusion. The five paragraph essay is the most often used template to tackle this section, and given the short amount of time, it’s usually very effective.

A large portion of questions in this section will involve familiarity with biology in general. Each question is multiple choice with four choices provided.

Here’s an example of a multiple choice question you could see on this section of the PCAT exam.

• Severe damage to the kidneys
• The digestion of a big meal
• An increase in anaerobic respiration
• An increase of the blood pCO2

The correct answer here is B. That’s because during digestion, the stomach releases hydrochloric acid into the blood, exchanging it for bicarbonate. In turn, this increases the pH of the blood!

Like biology, chemistry questions are all multiple choice with four answers available. Chemistry questions are formatted similarly, where a graphic is sometimes used to give context to a question. Here is a PCAT practice test question to try:

What answer did you select? The correct answer is B.  

To find this answer, you must know how to put the information from the question into an equation and balance it . Because the final volume is equal to the initial volume, you solve for the unknown quantities, and thus 50M is your answer.

Answering questions from the critical reading section involves reading the passage and then answering the questions. It’s pretty straightforward! 

 A section of a passage from an example section is below, along with one PCAT practice test question.

What steps can health care professionals take to help patients and their families cope with SCD?

• Raising awareness and advocating patient education
• Overestimating the number of individuals affected by SCD
• Focusing on the potential for addiction and adverse effects
• Distinguishing the difference between chronic and acute pain

The answer is A, and it’s based in the final statement of the first paragraph where the author offers a solution for those health care providers with patients facing SCD. 

Note that reading comprehension is measuring your ability to recall and interpret information, not to choose the answer that makes the most logical sense to the problem in your opinion. It’s a common misconception that can cause even the smartest test-takers some problems!

Finally, quantitative reasoning requires you to use your problem-solving skills quickly and across several different kinds of mathematics. The calculator provided to you during the test has limited functions, so you need to know how to solve equations quickly and simply .

Let’s take a look at a sample question: 

The correct answer to this problem is B. To answer this question, you must know the principles of derivatives, where sin(x)=cos(x) and cos(x)=-sin(x). If you do, solving this problem is a piece of cake...with or without a calculator!

What PCAT Scores Do You Need for Pharmacy Schools?

At this point you’re probably wondering, “what PCAT scores do I need to get into pharmacy school?” 

There’s no simple answer to this question. A few top-tier pharmacy programs may not even require the PCAT , though most don’t dissuade you from taking since it helps your chance of admission.

The average PCAT score is 400 , and most top-tier pharmacy schools prefer a 400 or above. Keep in mind that you can retake the PCAT, though it is limited to five times . The best strategy in this case is to study hard to limit the number of times you need to retake the PCAT exam. 

Here are a few examples of the scores required for two top-tier and two middle-tier schools from around the United States.

As you can guess from the percentiles and scores, the PCAT is a tough exam. That’s why it’s important that you put together a study plan—and study early and often!

What's Next?

If you’re thinking about becoming a pharmacist, it’s important to get a sense for the profession before you commit . After all, it can take up to eight years to graduate from pharmacy school! That’s why we’ve put together this guide on what a pharmacy career looks like, which includes information on how much pharmacists make annually.

If you’re still in high school, one of the best ways you can prepare for a career in pharmacy is to take advanced biology and chemistry courses . Here’s everything you need to know about AP Biology and AP Chemistry courses. (Taking IB Biology or IB Chemistry ? We’ve got you covered, too.)

Our blog also has comprehensive study guides on some of the topics you might see on the PCAT exam . You can browse the topics yourself , or you can check out our articles on mitosis and eukaryotic cells to get started.

These recommendations are based solely on our knowledge and experience. If you purchase an item through one of our links, PrepScholar may receive a commission.

Ashley Sufflé Robinson has a Ph.D. in 19th Century English Literature. As a content writer for PrepScholar, Ashley is passionate about giving college-bound students the in-depth information they need to get into the school of their dreams.

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Free PCAT Practice Tests

Use our free PCAT Practice Tests (updated for 2023) to prepare for your exam. The Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) is a standardized test taken by candidates who intend to apply to pharmacy schools and colleges.

The test is designed to qualify applicants based on the scientific knowledge and academic ability necessary for success within the pharmaceutical field.

Performance on the PCAT Test is vital for any candidate who wishes to gain acceptance into a pharmacology school.

A passing score on the PCAT is not only a requirement for most pharmacy schools, but also indicates the overall workplace readiness of the candidate.

Summary: Try a free PCAT practice test below and see how you do. 

The PCAT was created specifically for colleges of pharmacy and includes five different sections. Each section is taken separately and has its own corresponding time limit. The five sections of the PCAT include:

• Biological Processes
• Chemical Processes
• Critical Reading
• Quantitative Reading

PCAT practice tests and other resources are available for those interested in preparing for their PCAT Test. Utilization of these resources is vital for those looking to gain employment in the pharmaceutical industry.

There are many online resources available for those looking to prepare for the PCAT Test. Many of these resources can be found absolutely free online:

Other PCAT Study Resources

Pcat test content description.

The PCAT assesses a candidate’s basic scientific knowledge in the following areas: verbal, math, reading comprehension, and writing skills. Candidates must answer 192 multiple-choice questions over four separate timed sections, as well as one writing prompt. The entire test takes 220 minutes for the 192 multiple-choice questions plus the one writing prompt.

The PCAT is administered on a computer-based test (CBT) format, and takes about four hours to complete with a short break provided in the middle of the exam. The PCAT test is comprised of the following subtests:

The Writing Subtest (1 Prompt, 30 Minutes)

The writing subtest of the PCAT is the only section which does not include multiple-choice questions. In this section, candidates are given a typical world problem relevant to the pharmaceutical industry, and are asked to discuss a solution. Candidates are given 30 minutes to formulate, organize, and write their response to the prompt.

The Biological Processes Subtest (48 Items, 45 Minutes)

The biological processes subtest of the PCAT evaluates a candidate’s knowledge in the areas of general biology, microbiology, and human anatomy and physiology.

The makeup of this section is broken down as-follows:

• General Biology- 50%
• Microbiology- 20%
• Human Anatomy and Physiology- 30%

The Chemical Processes Subtest (48 Items, 45 Minutes)

The chemical processes subtest of the PCAT evaluates a candidate’s knowledge in the areas of general chemistry, organic chemistry, and basic biochemistry processes.

• General Chemistry- 50%
• Organic Chemistry 30%
• Basic Biochemistry Processes- 20%

Rest Break (15 Minutes)

The rest break is given after the first three sections of the PCAT, and is optional. If taken, the 15 minute rest break is not included in the total testing time.

The Critical Reasoning Subtest (48 Items, 50 Minutes)

The critical reading subtest of the PCAT evaluates a candidate’s knowledge in the areas of comprehension, analysis, and evaluation.

• Comprehension- 30%
• Analysis- 40%
• Evaluation- 30%

The Quantitative Reasoning Subtest (48 Items, 50 Minutes)

The quantitative reasoning subtest of the PCAT evaluates a candidate’s knowledge in the areas of basic math, algebra, probability and statistics, precalculus and calculus.

• Basic Math- 25%
• Algebra- 25%
• Probability and Statistics- 18%
• Precalculus- 18%
• Calculus- 14%

It is important to use the appropriate PCAT practice tests and study materials for every subtest of the PCAT.

PCAT Test Administration

The PCAT Test can be administered at one of hundreds of locations across the United States, at any Pearson Vue Test Center. Click  here  to find your nearest testing site and schedule your exam.

On the day of the test, it is recommended that candidates arrive at their scheduled testing center at least 30 minutes prior to your scheduled testing time. Please note that if you are more than 15 minutes late, you will be denied entry into the testing center and will also lose your PCAT registration fee.

Be aware that each individual section is timed, so remember to use your time wisely.

PCAT Test Fees

All fees associated with taking the PCAT are as follows:

Since costs associated with taking the PCAT assessment can add up, it is recommended that you utilize all available free PCAT practice tests and other resources in order to maximize your chances of success.

PCAT Candidacy Requirements

Anyone wishing to apply to a pharmacy school or college should take the PCAT. Performance on the PCAT will be used as criteria for acceptance into such schools, and may also indicate overall workplace readiness of the candidate.

PCAT Test Scores

Your official PCAT Score Report will be available within five weeks of the conclusion of the testing window in which your exam was taken. Official Score Reports are available online for up to one year from the date the test was taken, and official transcripts are also sent to any institutions designated by the candidate to receive scores. 

Please note that pharmacy schools will NOT accept the preliminary score report provided on the date of the test, nor will they accept the Official Score Report which can be viewed online. 

Pharmacy schools will ONLY accept Official Transcripts. 

Raw Scores: The number of multiple-choice questions answered correctly on each section of the PCAT is your raw score for that section. Every multiple-choice question is worth exactly one raw point, and there is no penalty for an incorrect answer. This means that you should never leave any questions blank on the PCAT. If you find yourself running out of time in a section, you must make sure every question has an answer indicated in order to maximize your score.

The writing section of the PCAT will be evaluated by two essay graders, who will each score you on a scale of 0-6 based on your grammar, style, and ability to provide and support a solution to the problem given. Your writing score will be the average of the two scores given by these graders.

Scaled Scores: Raw scores are converted to a scaled score which falls somewhere on a scale between 200-600. This scaled score is the score which is reported to pharmacy schools as your official PCAT score.

Composite Score: In addition to the scaled scores provided for each individual section of the PCAT, schools will also be given a composite score. Composite scores are calculated as a scaled score which reflects your performance on all sections of the PCAT, with the exception of the writing section.

Please look over this  official resource  for more information about PCAT scores.

PCAT Test FAQs

How many questions are on the pcat.

The  PCAT  assesses a candidate’s basic scientific knowledge in the following areas: verbal, math, reading comprehension, and writing skills.

Candidates must answer 192 multiple-choice questions over four separate timed sections, as well as one writing prompt. The entire test takes 220 minutes for the 192 multiple-choice questions plus the one writing prompt.

How do I prepare for the PCAT?

PCAT practice tests and other resources are available for those interested in preparing for their  PCAT Test . Utilization of these resources is vital for those looking to gain employment in the pharmaceutical industry.

What is on the PCAT exam?

The  PCAT  was created specifically for colleges of pharmacy and includes five different sections. Each section is taken separately and has its own corresponding time limit. The five sections of the PCAT include – writing, biological processes, chemical processes, critical reading, and quantitative reading.

• Authored By: Dave Evangelisti
• Last Updated June 25, 2023

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• What's Tested on the PCAT?
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What's a good PCAT score?

What’s a good PCAT score? What’s the average PCAT score? When considering your PCAT score goal, it’s always wise to look at average scores at the schools to which you’re applying. For starters, though, here is what you need to know about your PCAT score:

PCAT Scoring

Your raw scores will not appear on your score report. Instead, they are converted to yield your scaled scores, the ones that fall somewhere in that 200–600 range. These scaled scores are reported to schools as your PCAT scores. In addition to scaled scores for individual sections, schools are also provided a composite score, which is a scaled score that factors in your performance on all the sections, except the writing section. Your composite score is not merely an average of the scores from all the sections but rather an evaluation of your performance on the entire test.

Top PCAT Scores

Real practice for the real thing. Take a practice PCAT anytime, and get a detailed score analysis with answers and explanations.

Competitive PCAT Scores

Good enough pcat scores, below average pcat scores, what pcat score do i need, you might also like.

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By Caity Tarbert, Tests.com Contributing Writer The Pharmacy College Admission Test, or PCAT, is a test designed to assess the academic skills of potential pharmacy-school students. It is an admissions requirement for pharmacy schools, and is typically taken by high school seniors. The test, developed by PsychCorp, is endorsed by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. PCAT Questions and Content Areas The PCAT is a written test taken with a No. 2 pencil that includes 240 multiple-choice questions and two writing topics. Eight questions from each section, as well as one of the writing topics, are experimental questions that will be used to develop future exams but will not count towards the test taker's score. The PCAT includes five content areas, plus two writing sections. Each section contains 48 questions:

• Verbal Ability – Analogies and sentence completion
• Biology – Basic biology, microbiology, anatomy and physiology
• Chemistry – General and organic chemistry
• Reading Comprehension – Comprehension, evaluation and analysis of six passages
• Quantitative Ability – Basic math, algebra, probability, statistics, precalculus and calculus

In each writing section, test takers will write an essay that addresses a stated problem. These sections are used to evaluate the candidate’s use of language as well as creativity in problem solving. The examination lasts approximately four hours, with additional time allowed for instructions prior to the test and a short rest break about halfway through the exam. Test takers are given 30 minutes to complete Verbal Ability, Biology, Chemistry and the writing essays; 40 minutes for Quantitative Ability; and 50 minutes for Reading Comprehension. Registration and Cost Students should register for the PCAT as early as possible, as seating is on a first-come, first-serve basis. Registration can be completed online at PCATweb.info or by submitting a paper registration. As of 2009, the PCAT registration fee is $150. Included in this fee is online or paper registration, one personal score report sent to you after completion of the exam and official transcripts sent to three schools that candidates specify at registration. Late registration warrants a $49 fee and is only available online. On Test Day Registered students report to a Pearson test center (most likely a high school or college in their area) on the day of the exam. Test centers are located in the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and Qatar, and students indicate their preferred testing location during registration. Test takers should bring several sharpened No. 2 pencils, their admission ticket and two forms of valid identification, one of which must contain their photograph and signature, such as a driver's license or a government-issued ID card. Secondary forms of identification include a credit card, library card or utility bill. All forms of identification must have the exact same name as printed on the admission ticket. PCAT Scores Within six weeks of testing, students will receive a personal score report in the mail with their results. Scores are reported as scaled scores and percentiles for each of the multiple-choice subtests and as a composite score for the multiple-choice test as a whole. Writing scores are reported separately in the areas of conventions of language and problem solving. PCAT writing scores range from zero, being invalid, to five, being superior. There is no passing or failing score for the PCAT set by Pearson. If you are thinking of attending pharmacy school and would like to begin preparing to take the PCAT, take a look at the test preparation materials available in our PCAT Directory . Read more about the PCAT in our interview with Dr. Gavin Putzer , PCAT preparation expert. Sources: Pearson Pharmacy College Admission Test; pcatweb.info and Pharmacy College Application Service; pharmcas.org

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What is a good pcat score.

Reviewed by:

Akhil Katakam

Third-Year Medical Student, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University

Reviewed: 10/17/23

Understanding what is considered a good PCAT score is essential to setting a competitive target score and building a study schedule you can stick to. Want to learn more about what PCAT score you should aim for? Read on. 

Each professional school tends to have its own unique standardized exam: for law school it’s the LSAT; for medical school it’s the MCAT , for dental school it’s the DAT , and for pharmacy school it's the PCAT . 

However, the PCAT is no longer required to apply to pharmacy schools in the US, and will not be administered past the 2024-2025 admissions cycle . Nonetheless, if you are planning on writing the PCAT before these dates in hopes of boosting your application , you might be unsure of what score you’ll need. 

You may have several questions such as “what is a good PCAT score?”, “what score will make me a competitive applicant,” and “what is a bad PCAT score?” Rest assured, this guide will answer all of these questions and more!

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Average PCAT Score

The PCAT consists of 192 questions but is scored on a scale of 200-600. Your raw score will consist of all of the questions you answer right and will be converted to a scaled score, which is the one you will see on your report.

The average PCAT score is 400. This score puts you at the 50th percentile rank.

What Is Considered a Good PCAT Score?

Knowing a 400 is the average PCAT score, you may be wondering how far from this average you need to be considered a competitive applicant. While what’s considered a good score largely depends on the school you’re applying to, here’s a general breakdown of how competitive each score range is :

Below Average Scores

Any score below a 400 is considered to be below average. In specific, most students scoring below average have scores between 340-399. It will be difficult to get into accredited pharmacy schools with this score, as you’ll be below the 50th percentile rank. 

You may be able to get into lower-ranking pharmacy schools, but should consider retaking the test or writing other admission exams that your school allows.

Competitive Scores

A competitive score will be anything around the average or slightly above it. This means scoring between 400-415. 

Good Scores

A good PCAT score will be well above the average and put you in the competitive range to apply to higher ranking pharmacy schools. A score between 416-430 will surpass the minimum PCAT requirements to get into most pharmacy schools.

Scores past 430 are considered to be extremely high PCAT scores. While top scorers typically have PCAT scores of 430-450, students have scored well into the 460 range! Scores this high will be guaranteed to be competitive at any pharmacy school that allows students to submit the PCAT.

FAQs: What Is a Good PCAT Score?

In this guide, we’ve answered the question, “what is a good PCAT score?” and provided you with some ranges to consider when determining your target score. For any remaining questions, read on to find your answers.

1. What Is a Competitive PCAT Score?

The competitiveness of any PCAT score is determined by the school you’re applying to and the strength of your application otherwise. If you have a high GPA and excellent extracurriculars, your PCAT score will not be given as much consideration as it would if you had a weaker application.

However, in general, scores between 400-415 are considered to be competitive, but scores around 416-430 will help you get into a larger range of schools. 

2. What Is the Average PCAT Score in the US?

The average PCAT score is 400.

3. What Is the Best PCAT Score?

Scoring any higher than a 430 will put you amongst the top PCAT test takers. The highest PCAT scores students receive typically fall in the 460 range.

4. Is the PCAT Harder Than the MCAT?

No, the PCAT is considered to be less difficult than the MCAT. The MCAT is far more extensive, covers more topics, and asks more specific knowledge-based questions. The MCAT will also take almost double the time to write, meaning it has more questions and requires more preparation!

5. Is the PCAT Mandatory?

No, the PCAT is no longer mandatory for admission to US pharmacy schools. The majority of schools have stopped accepting the PCAT altogether, and some have left it as an optional or recommended exam. 

But, by 2024, the exam will no longer be accepted as an application material by any pharmacy school! Pharmacy schools may accept other standardized test scores , such as the MCAT, GRE, GMAT, OAT, SAT, or DAT instead. 

6. Should I Write the PCAT?

The PCAT is not a required admission material anymore. As such, you should strongly consider whether or not writing it is worth it. For some schools, you may not need to write any exams for your application. If you have a good GPA and a strong application, there’s no need to also write the PCAT! 

On the other hand, for schools that give you the option to write other exams instead, such as the MCAT or GRE, you should assess which exam will best reflect your abilities. Since the MCAT is notorious for being difficult, you may want to write the PCAT or GRE instead. 

7. Is the Writing Section Factored Into My Final Score?

You will receive a separate score for the writing section. This score will range from a 1.0-6.0, with the median score being a 4.0. Students should aim to score a 4.0 or higher to be considered competitive applicants.

Final Thoughts

While the PCAT won’t be used for much longer, it’s essential to know what a good PCAT score is if you choose to write the exam! Your PCAT score can make up for any weak parts of your application, such as a lower GPA or low prerequisite grades. 

As such, setting a target score that will give you the most opportunity and options will help you stay motivated and increase your chances of getting into your top pharmacy school choices!

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What is the PCAT?: Exam Overview & Format

What is the pcat.

The Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) is a standardized exam that is developed to measure the skills, abilities, and aptitudes that pharmacy programs deem vital for success in their schools. In an effort to guarantee the ongoing relevance and worth of the PCAT for measuring the prerequisite knowledge and skills of applicants for admission to pharmacy schools, the exam content is occasionally reviewed and revised to guarantee that it truthfully reflects current pharmacy program prerequisite requirements in the sciences, math, and language arts.

Prior to July 2016, the PCAT contained a Writing subtest and five multiple-choice subtests: Verbal Ability, Biology, Chemistry, Reading Comprehension, and Quantitative Ability. However, starting with the July 2016 PCAT test, the exam no longer holds the Verbal Ability subtest, and the four remaining multiple-choice subtests have been renamed as Biological Processes, Chemical Processes, Critical Reading, and Quantitative Reasoning so as to more exactly reflect the content assessed.

Many students find that using test preparations books help to improve their scores.

See our list of the best PCAT prep books here.

PCAT Format

Pcat scoring structure.

Your score statement will encompass 5 separate scores (one for each section of the test) and a composite score. The 4 multiple choice sections— Biological Processes, Chemical Processes, Critical Reading, and Quantitative Reasoning —are scored based on the quantity of correct responses. Your initial “raw score” is then converted to a scaled score ranging from 200-600. Your compound score is calculated by taking the average of your scaled score on each multiple-choice unit. Pharmacy programs will see both your individual unit scores and your compound score.

Your Writing Sample will also be scored, but discretely. Your essay is studied by two graders, whose scores are averaged. You will then obtain a score on a scale from 1-6.

In addition to your scaled scores, you will obtain your percentile rank for each unit and for your compound score. For example, if your percentile score is 60, this indicates that you scored higher than 60 percent of the other people that have taken the test. The compound percentile rank is commonly the number pupils use when discussing their PCAT scores.

PCAT Availability

The PCAT is a computer-based exam that is administered several times each year. Test dates are offered in January, July, and September in all sites with select sites offering test dates in October and November. The exam is administered by Pearson at testing sites throughout the United States and Canada.

Find your nearest testing location here.

Applicants are encouraged to enroll early, as seating is provided on a first-come, first-serve basis and there are no openings to take the PCAT standby. Registering costs $210 and can be done either online or via mail (additional fees may apply).

http://pcatweb.info/

PCAT Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Uncover PCAT Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) with this tailored guide.

• Comprehensive Overview : Get a full breakdown of the PCAT structure, subjects covered, and the importance of each section.
• Preparation Tips : Find study strategies and resources specifically designed to boost your PCAT performance.
• PCAT Registration : Navigate the registration process seamlessly, understanding costs, scheduling, and scoring.

Arm yourself with knowledge from our PCAT FAQ to confidently approach the exam.

What is the PCAT?

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The Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) is a crucial stepping stone for aspiring pharmacists looking to gain entrance into pharmacy colleges. This standardized test is formulated to assess candidates’ readiness for the rigors of a pharmacy program, considering both their general academic abilities and specific scientific knowledge pertinent to pharmacy education. As a computer-based test, the PCAT provides a modern, accessible platform for students to demonstrate their potential as future healthcare professionals.

The Purpose of the Test

Understanding that the realm of pharmaceutical education is both vast and competitive, the PCAT serves a dual purpose:

• Qualitative Assessment: By gauging students’ foundational knowledge in science alongside their verbal ability, reading comprehension, and quantitative reasoning skills, the test offers a comprehensive measure of their educational preparedness.
• Standardized Benchmarking: The PCAT ensures a standardized criterion across all applicants, meaning that pharmacy colleges can use the scores as a reliable comparison tool during the admissions process.

By fulfilling these roles, the PCAT simplifies the decision-making process for admissions committees and simultaneously challenges students to meet a benchmark of excellence.

Eligibility Requirements

The PCAT is designed for individuals aspiring to enter pharmacy schools. Candidates are generally expected to have completed two years of undergraduate education , with an emphasis on science courses that are prerequisite knowledge for the exam.

Prerequisites Snapshot

Before registering for the PCAT, you should typically have the following aspects covered:

• Educational Background: Completion of courses like general biology, microbiology, human anatomy, chemistry, statistics, and calculus, although specific requirements may vary.
• Age Consideration: While there is no official age restriction for taking the PCAT, if you are under the age of 18, you will need parental or guardian consent to register for the exam.

Ultimately, if you are considering a future in pharmaceutical studies and meet the required academic standings, the PCAT is an essential step in your educational journey.

Understanding Test Dates

The PCAT is offered multiple times throughout the academic year, giving candidates the flexibility to choose testing windows that align best with their schedules and application timelines. The official PCAT website offers a detailed view of the upcoming test dates, which, as of the 2023-2024 cycle, occur in July, October, and January.

Planning Your Test Day

Given these available dates, it’s vital to plan well in advance to secure your preferred test day:

• Advance Registration: Schedule your exam as early as possible to ensure you get the date and location that works best for you.
• Understanding Deadlines: Keep a close eye on registration deadlines to avoid missing out on your opportunity to take the test during a particular session.

Explore the Content Areas

The PCAT is structured into several subtests, each designed to probe different academic domains critical to pharmacy education. Here’s a breakdown of those areas:

• Biological Processes: This section evaluates your understanding of basic biology, microbiology, and human anatomy, among other life science topics.
• Chemical Processes: Here, your knowledge of general chemistry, organic chemistry, and basic biochemistry comes into play.
• Critical Reading: This segment measures your ability to comprehend, analyze, and evaluate reading passages on science-related topics.
• Quantitative Reasoning: Your math skills are put to the test with an emphasis on algebra, calculus, and statistical applications.
• Writing: This subtest is an indicator of your written communication skills, requiring you to produce a problem-solving essay on a given topic.

Importance for Success

Each section is deliberately designed to predict your potential success in pharmacy school and beyond. A strong grasp of these subjects not only aids in achieving a commendable PCAT score but also lays a foundation for your future studies and career in pharmacy.

The Test Format

Diving deeper into the structure, the PCAT is divided into five separate sections:

• Writing Section: Candidates must craft one written essay within 30 minutes.
• Multiple-Choice Sections: These comprise:

Navigating the Test

With a mix of item types ranging from multiple-choice questions to an essay, the PCAT assesses a wide array of skills. It’s important to note that:

• All Questions Count: Unlike some other standardized tests, the PCAT does not include experimental questions. Every item you encounter will impact your final score.
• Managing Your Time: With specific time allocations for each section, effective time management is key to completing the test without undue stress.

The PCAT Blueprint

The latest PCAT blueprint is aligned with the actual professional curriculum you’ll encounter in pharmacy school. Thus, familiarizing yourself with it can offer strategic insights into balancing your study efforts across the different test sections.

Smooth Registration Journey

When it comes to registering for the PCAT, taking a step-by-step approach can streamline the process:

• Create an Account: Initiate your registration by setting up an account on the official PCAT website.
• Personal Details: Fill in your personal details, education background, and any other required information accurately.
• Testing Preferences: Select your preferred test dates and locations through the Pearson VUE website, which collaborates with PCAT to schedule exams.

Pro Tips for Registration

Consider these tips for a hassle-free registration experience:

• Early Bird: Register early to avoid last-minute rushes and ensure that your preferred testing location and date are available.
• Assistive Tools: Utilize the available resources and supports during the registration process, such as the PCAT Customer Service or the built-in registration assistance tools on the website.

Understanding PCAT Scoring

Your PCAT score doesn’t exist in a vacuum; it is a reflection of your performance relative to other examinees. There are two main metrics to prepare:

• Scaled Score: For each multiple-choice section, you’ll receive a scaled score ranging from 200 to 600.
• Percentile Rank: This represents your performance relative to others, ranking you within a percentile bracket (1-99) against all candidates.

What Makes a Score Competitive?

Generally, a good PCAT score is one that places you competitively among applicants for your chosen pharmacy schools. Pharmacy programs may have varying benchmarks, but candidates should aim for a balanced score:

• Well-rounded Performance: A competitive score typically falls within the upper 50th percentile, although every school’s requirements can differ.
• Benchmark Awareness: Ensure you understand the average accepted scores of your preferred institutions. This targeted approach can fine-tune your preparation and expectations.

It’s crucial to remember that while a strong PCAT score is an asset, pharmacy schools also consider other aspects of your application, such as your academic record, experience, letters of recommendation, and personal statement. Therefore, achieving a good PCAT score is about strategically aligning your test performance with the holistic criteria of your desired pharmacy programs.

Developing a Study Plan

Creating a well-thought-out study plan is essential when preparing for the PCAT. Consider your learning style, available time, and resources to develop a roadmap to success. Follow these steps:

• Assess Your Starting Point: Take a practice test to identify your strengths and weaknesses.
• Set Realistic Goals: Determine score targets for each section based on your preferred pharmacy schools’ entry requirements.
• Allocate Study Time: Schedule regular study sessions, allowing more time for weaker subjects, and balance them with breaks to stay refreshed.
• Review Regularly: Consistently revisit topics to reinforce your learning and retention.

Selecting Study Materials

• Official Resources: Use materials provided by the creators of the PCAT for the most accurate representation of the exam.
• Comprehensive Review Books: These can be invaluable for in-depth studying of each section.
• Online Courses or Tutoring: For personalized support, consider enrolling in online prep courses or finding a tutor specializing in the PCAT.

Practice, Practice, Practice

• Timed Practice Tests: Mimic the real exam conditions to build your test-taking stamina and time management skills.
• Question Banks: Regularly challenge yourself with new questions to cover all aspects of the exam’s content.

Health and Wellness

Maintaining your well-being is a key factor in your test prep.PCAT Frequently Ensure adequate sleep, healthy eating, and physical activity to keep your mind sharp.

Retake Policies

You can retake the PCAT if you need to improve your scores, but be mindful of the policies:

• Limitations on Retakes: Candidates are limited to five attempts.PCAT Frequently Before registering for a sixth test, you must obtain permission from the PCAT Program Office.
• Timing Your Retakes: Consider the admissions cycle of your chosen schools and allow sufficient time to study before retaking the exam.

Strategy for Repeat Test-Takers

• Identify Weaknesses: Use the score report from your previous attempt to focus on areas where you can improve the most.
• Adjust Your Study Plan: Refine your approach based on your experiences and make use of different resources if necessary.

Understanding the Financial Commitment

Investing in the PCAT involves understanding the financial implications:

• Registration Fees: Visit the PCAT website for the latest fee structure,PCAT Frequently which includes the cost of the test and additional services like score reports.
• Additional Expenses: Consider the costs of study materials, prep courses, and potentially retaking the exam.

Planning Your Budget

• Early Registration: Save money by registering before late fees apply.
• Select Resources Wisely: Use free and low-cost resources when possible but invest in quality materials that offer the best value for your preparation.

Requesting Accommodations

The PCAT provides accommodations for test-takers with documented disabilities as per the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).PCAT Frequently The process includes:

• Applying Early: Accommodation requests can take time to be reviewed and approved; apply well in advance of your desired test date.
• Providing Documentation: Submit detailed documentation supporting your request for accommodation.
• Approval Process: The PCAT administrators will review your request and provide a response along with any additional instructions.

Types of Accommodations Available

• Extended Test Time: Applicants with qualifying conditions can receive additional time.
• Adjustable Screen Settings: For those with visual impairments, screen magnification and adjustable font sizes may be offered.

Preparing for the Big Day

All your preparation leads to the actual test day.PCAT Frequently To ensure everything runs smoothly:

• Know the Location: Familiarize yourself with the test center location and parking logistics ahead of time.
• Bring Necessary Identification: Review what forms of ID are acceptable and ensure you have them ready.
• Test Day Protocol: Understand what you can and cannot take into the testing area.

During the Test

• Time Management: Keep a steady pace and be aware of the time constraints for each section.
• Stress Reduction Techniques: Practice breathing exercises or other stress reduction techniques to stay calm and focused throughout the exam.

How and When You’ll Get Your Scores

After your hard work, you’ll be anxious to see your results.PCAT Frequently Here’s what to expect:

• Preliminary Score Report: Immediately after the test, you’ll receive a preliminary score report.
• Official Score Reports: Official reports are typically sent to pharmacy schools and available to candidates within five weeks of testing.

Understanding Your Score Report

The report presents detailed information on your performance, including:

• Scaled Scores: For each section and composite scores.
• Percentile Ranks: To compare your results with other test-takers.

Weighing Your Score

While the PCAT score is an important component,PCAT Frequently pharmacy schools consider a holistic view of each applicant. Other factors include:

• Academic Record: Your GPA and course rigor.
• Pharmacy Experience: Prior work or volunteer experience in the field.
• Personal Statement: Your motivation and commitment to a career in pharmacy.
• Letters of Reference: Professional recommendations that speak to your abilities and character.

Building a Strong Application

• Balance Your Profile: Aim to present a well-rounded application that showcases a combination of strong academic metrics, relevant experiences, and personal attributes.
• Continuous Growth: Show an upward trajectory in your academic and professional pursuits, indicating your commitment to improvement.

Navigating Post-PCAT Activities

Once you’ve completed the PCAT, your focus shifts to compiling and submitting your pharmacy school applications:

• Fine-tuning Your Application: Take time to craft thoughtful essays and gather strong letters of recommendation.
• School-Specific Requirements: Each pharmacy program may have unique prerequisites or additional tests; ensure you’re aware of these and plan accordingly.

Long-term Planning

Your journey to becoming a pharmacist extends far beyond the PCAT and admissions process. Consider how you’ll finance your education, which fields of pharmacy interest you for internships, and how you’ll network within the industry to build a successful career. With patience , dedication , and perseverance ,PCAT Frequently you’re well on your way to achieving your professional aspirations in the exciting world of pharmacy.

PCAT Score Range: What is Good?

• Post by: Professor Conquer
• Last updated on: October 8, 2022

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Are you attempting to understand your PCAT score? Or maybe you’re anticipating that moment when you receive your official results. Either way, the revealing moment can be pretty stressful. Specific schools are asking for a minimum score, and you feel like you’re lost in the middle, uncertain of where you are.

For those unfamiliar with the specifics of the PCAT, it stands for Pharmacy College Admissions Test. This is the entrance examination for most AACP institutes. One sits for this examination if one attempts to get admitted into a pharmacy school. The exam aims to polish off your skills and test your abilities.

That being said, the moment every candidate anticipates is the result day. But what is a good score range on the PCAT? Read on to find out.

How Do PCAT Scoring Work?

As you might already know, there are two PCAT sections. The first is the multiple-choice segment , and the other is the writing one. However, there are a total of 5 subtests. The multiple-choice section is divided into 4 subtests revolving around various topics. The fifth one is the writing subtest.

Each of those, the multiple choice questions and the essay part are graded separately. Different criteria are used, and the score range will vary accordingly.

Generally speaking, the grading is similar to any other standardized test. For instance, each multiple-choice question will grant you one raw point without deductions for incorrect answers.

Let’s now dive deeper into the grades themselves. The PCAT score range is on a scale of 200 to 600. The score you receive within that range is simply a representation of your overall score, including both sections of the test.

These are things to keep in mind about the multiple-choice section:

• Each question awards you 1 raw point
• Never skip any question, as you won’t be penalized for wrong answers
• Keep track of the time and make sure you answer the question before it runs out

However, the scoring of the writing section is a little more complicated and takes more time. The score ranges from 0 to 6, with 0 being the lowest score possible. It’s also graded quite differently, as it’s not digitally graded like the multiple-choice section.

Instead, two entities assess your writing piece. The first one is a trained reader. The other is a  Pearson’s Intelligent Essay Assessor . The first is a person who gives you a score based on their own criteria. The second one is an intelligent program, also known as an automated Internet scoring system.

The program will cross-reference your writing with a vast database, testing for the flow and your overall ability. Moreover, it reads through your essay to find any grammar or spelling errors. This program also evaluates your piece and grades you on the same scale.

Your final writing result will be the average between the two scores received. The only downside of this technique used for grading is that it could take up to 5 weeks to receive your result back. On the other hand, the multiple-choice section results will be announced to you as soon as you complete the section.

What is a Good PCAT Score?

First of all, when you receive your final, official result, you’ll find out that there are two scoring criteria. The first one is the range, which falls between 200-600. The other is your percentile rank, which indicates your placement amongst other test takers.

There is no definitive “good PCAT score,” as different schools often require different grades. However, you’ll still ask what a good PCAT score is, so here is a general guideline according to the two main sections.

Good Score for Writing Section

The classification generally is as followings for the writing section. Remember that the writing score range is often between 1-6. Still, a 0 might be awarded to those who do not abide by the specifications asked for. A guideline to aim for is:

Good Writing Score

• Score of 6:  Excellent
• Score of 5:  Proficient
• Score of 4:  Effective

Average Writing Score

• Score of 3:  Satisfactory
• Score of 2:  Marginal

Bad Writing Score

• Score of 1:  Inadequate
• Score of 0:  Disqualified

More often than not, when the two entities grade this section, they often agree on the same score. However, as stated earlier, if the scores vary, then the average of both will be your final grade. Also, remember that you won’t receive a percentile ranking in the writing section. Instead, you’ll see the mean score received stated.

Good Score for Multiple Choice Section

The scaled range is devised from the raw score you obtained from how many answers you’ve received. A good multiple choice score on the multiple-choice section of the exam, along with percentiles, is listed below:

Good MCQ Score

• Range:  400-600
• Percentile:  70-99

Average MCQ Score

• Range:  200-400
• Percentile:  50-77

Bad MCQ Score

• Range:  0-200
• Percentile:  <50

However, keep in mind that there are never specific requirements for scores. It could vary greatly depending on the school you want to apply to.

Average PCAT Scores by School

The  most prestigious pharmacy schools  often accept students with scores higher than 400. Moreover, the national accepted average for pharmacy school admissions varies each year. However, according to  Grand Valley State University , it was 54 percentile in 2018.

Here is a list of average PCAT scores by school. Keep in mind that this is not a complete list. However, we’ve listed the top and most sought-after schools:

• The University of Texas at Austin:  70th percentile (=420 scores) with a writing score of at least 3
• University of Florida: 40th percentile (=380 scores)
• University of Pittsburgh: 70th percentile (=420 scores)
• University of Wisconsin-Madison:  72nd percentile
• University of Houston:  40th percentile

However, remember that the scores and requirements will vary over the years. They’re never constant, and each year the average will differ. That’s because there isn’t a set specification on who these schools administer. However, you must have a strong PCAT score and GPA to increase your chances and competing with others.

How to Interpret PCAT Score?

First of all, note that you’ll receive both your total grade and scores for individual sections. Here are the areas and their overall length:

• Writing:  1 essay for 30 minutes
• Biological Processes: 48 MCQ (20% Microbiology, 30% Human Anatomy & Physiology, 50% General Biology) for 45 minutes
• Chemical Processes:  48 MCQ (20% Basic Processes, 30% Organic Chemistry, 50% General Chemistry) for 45 minutes
• Critical Reading:  48 MCQ (30% Evaluation, 30% Comprehension, 40% Analysis) for 50 minutes
• Quantitative Reasoning:  28 MCQ (14% Calculus, 18% Precalculus, 18% Probability & Statistics, 25% Basic Math, 25% Algebra) for 50 minutes

You also have an optional 15-minute break after the “Chemical Processes” section.

Find the PCAT scores explained below. This will provide you with a general idea when trying to interpret your final results.

PCAT Scores on Official Transcript

• The score received is standardized. The score, ranging between 200-600, is derived according to the raw score (the number of questions you answers correctly).
• The final score will be a composition of all the separate grades you’ve achieved on the four sections of the multiple choice segment.
• Next to each MCQ result, you’ll see a percentile that tells you where you stand relative to other candidates.
• The PCAT writing score will range between 1.0-6.0.
• You will also see a mean number next to your writing score, simply the average score achieved by all test takers in that session.

PCAT Scores Analysis

• The grading procedure follows: the raw score is calculated, then the scaled one, and finally, that’s equated to a percentile rank.
• As the ranged score is between 200-600, there are only 40 possible grades in between.

A PCAT score percentile chart can be found below, provided by the Pearson Assessments. The table illustrates how each increase in a raw score results in a rise in the range. That also equates to a change in the percentile rank.

How Long Do PCAT Scores Last?

As soon as you’re done with your exam, you’ll receive something known as the Preliminary Score Report. This will grant you a general idea of your score, the scaled scores, and the percentile ranks. You’ll find your grades for each section.

However, these results are not set in stone. Instead, they will still be subject to verification and scrutiny by Pearson for the next 5 weeks. After that period, you will receive your Official Score Report. This is a document you can access online, showing all your scores, including the writing grade.

But how long will PCAT last? Are they valid forever? No, they are not. The scores will be available for only one year post receiving your results. This allows you to send the official transcript to schools, which is often done on your behalf. You can find a list of  PCAT score recipient codes  on the official Pearson website.

Keep in mind that schools never accept the preliminary score sheet. That’s for two reasons. First, it doesn’t reflect the accurate results you have obtained. Second of all, it doesn’t portray how much you achieved in your writing section.

What PCAT Score Do You Need?

First of all, there really isn’t a “failing criteria” for the PCAT. The worst you can do is score an overall deficient percentile rank. However, even if you don’t perform as well as you wanted to, you can simply resit for the exam. But keep in mind that you can only repeat the exam 5 times. After that, you must submit an official plea in writing to request permission.

However, there is no set answer to what score you should aim for. This largely depends on the schools you’re going to apply to and what their average acceptance score is. Hence, we recommend you do the following to evaluate where you’re standing. Moreover, it’ll give you an idea of what to aim for:

• Check out the  structure of the exam . This shows you the sections you’ll sit for and the subjects under each subtest.
• Contact all the schools you want to apply to. Send out emails asking them what the minimum PCAT score/percentile is.
• Talk to people who have sat for the exam before. Ask them about their scores and which schools they got admitted to.
• Practice as many questions as possible. Also, never neglect the writing section, as that requires its own practice.

Wrapping Things Up: PCAT Score Range: What is Good?

The bottom line is that there is no particular score to aim for. It largely depends on your dream school and what your personal goals are. However, remember that your aim should be to achieve high PCAT scores and a solid GPA. That guarantees you a fighting chance in the intense competition across all schools. However, we recommend you check your desired schools’ average and minimum accepted scores.

Professor Conquer

Professor Conquer started Conquer Your Exam in 2018 to help students feel more confident and better prepared for their tough tests. Prof excelled in high school, graduating top of his class and receiving admissions into several Ivy League and top 15 schools. He has helped many students through the years tutoring and mentoring K-12, consulting seniors through the college admissions process, and writing extensive how-to guides for school.

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• v.81(1); 2017 Feb 25

Understanding and Interpreting Pharmacy College Admission Test Scores

To fairly and accurately interpret candidates’ Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) scores as listed on their official transcripts, it is important to understand how these scores reflect candidates’ performances on cognitive tasks involving the identification, interpretation, analysis, and evaluation of information assumed to have been covered in pre-pharmacy science, math, and general education coursework. This paper attempts to facilitate this understanding by explaining how candidates’ responses to PCAT test items relate to their scaled scores and percentile ranks and how their writing scores reflect their performance. This paper also suggests how differences between candidates’ PCAT subtest scores may reflect different personal experiences, educational backgrounds, and cognitive abilities.

INTRODUCTION

The PCAT is a norm-referenced standardized test developed by NCS Pearson, Inc, to measure content knowledge and cognitive abilities that pharmacy schools consider to be essential for success in their programs. In an effort to ensure the continuing relevance and usefulness of the test for assessing candidates’ prerequisite knowledge and skills, the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy PCAT Advisory Committee works closely with Pearson to review annual score data and to suggest periodic revisions to the contents of the test. These efforts are intended to ensure that the PCAT accurately reflects current pharmacy school prerequisite requirements in the sciences, math, and language arts, and that candidates’ scores accurately suggest their abilities in these areas.

Immediately upon completing the PCAT at a Pearson Vue test center, candidates are given a preliminary score report. After Pearson verifies that no irregularities occurred that could have affected candidates’ performances, and after candidates’ essays have been scored, each candidate receives an official score report, and each school designated by the candidate receives the candidate’s scores either on a printed official transcript directly from Pearson or electronically from the Pharmacy College Application Service (PharmCAS).

Each official score report and official transcript lists the following information for a candidate’s most recent PCAT test results: scaled scores and percentile ranks for the current four multiple-choice subtests: biological processes, chemical processes, critical reading, and quantitative reasoning; a composite scaled score, indicating an average of the four multiple-choice subtest scaled scores, and a composite percentile rank; a score for the writing subtest and a mean writing score representing the average score earned by all candidates taking the test during the 12 months prior to the candidate’s test date. The official transcript also lists the candidates’ four most recent previous PCAT scores earned during the past 5 years.

The PCAT scaled scores are standardized scores that represent equal units on a continuous scale, ranging from 200 to 600, with a designated mean and standard deviation (originally established in 2004 as 400 and 25, respectively). These scaled scores are derived from candidates’ raw scores, which are the number of items answered correctly for a given subtest. The use of psychometric procedures to equate raw scores on a common scale also facilitates the determination of percentile ranks ranging from 1-99, which represent the percent of candidates who received a scaled score lower than a given score in the current norm group, which is the 64,652 candidates taking the PCAT for the first time from July 2011 through January 2015.

Because they represent equated scores, scaled scores earned for a given subtest during one PCAT test administration are comparable to scaled scores earned for the same subtest during other test administrations, even though different forms of the test are administered. Unlike scaled scores, the percentile ranks are comparable across subtests because they are based on performances relative to the current norm group. For this reason, the percentile ranks are more useful than the scaled scores for comparing individual candidates to one another and for determining a candidate’s strengths and weaknesses relative to other candidates. The subtest percentile ranks are most useful for comparing abilities in the specific subject areas assessed by the PCAT, and the composite percentile rank is most useful for general comparisons.

All multiple-choice scores are reported on official transcripts as scaled scores and 2015 percentile ranks, with all percentile ranks obtained before July 2016 converted to 2015 equivalents. For all PCAT scores earned prior to July 2016, composite scaled scores have been recalculated based on the four subtests included on the PCAT, rather than the five in use when candidates originally took the examination. Additionally, composite percentile ranks for scores earned prior to July 2016 are based on these recalculated scaled scores. The PCAT percentile ranks listed on transcripts issued prior to the July 2016 PCAT administration may be compared to the current percentile ranks by using the compendium tables included in the 2016 edition of the PCAT Technical Manual . 1

Each raw-score point on a test form subtest corresponds to a unique scaled score which, in turn, corresponds to a percentile rank. Because each PCAT multiple-choice subtest includes 40 operational items (items on a test form that are used to determine candidates’ scores), and there are 401 possible scaled-score points (200-600), a difference of one raw-score point necessarily results in a difference of more than one scaled-score point. This does not mean, however, that an increase of one raw-score point (one more item answered correctly) necessarily results in an equal unit increase in scaled-score points (eg, 10 scaled-score points for each raw-score point).

Each test form subtest is composed of a unique set of operational items that vary in difficulty, with no two items requiring the exact same estimate of ability for candidates to answer them correctly. For this reason, a raw-score point total (1-40) earned on one test form subtest reflects a slightly different estimate of the ability required for a candidate to answer the same number of operational items correctly on another test form. It follows, then, that the scaled-score increase associated with each increase in raw-score point will also vary.

A scaled score is assumed to indicate the ability needed to answer a given number of operational items correctly for a given subtest, and the corresponding percentile rank indicates how a given subtest scaled score relates to all candidates from the current normative sample. Table 1 shows average raw-score to scaled-score to percentile-rank correspondences for all test form subtests administered during the 2011-2015 PCAT normative sample period (except for verbal ability, which is no longer part of the PCAT). This table illustrates how 1-point increases in raw score have resulted in corresponding increases in scaled-score points and percentile ranks. Each row in Table 1 shows how a 1-point raw-score increase corresponds to a given average increase in scaled score and percentile rank during the normative sample period. For example, for biological processes, an increase from a raw score of 23 to 24 (shown as “23-24” in the table) corresponds to an average 3-point scaled-score increase and a 5-point increase in percentile rank. Note that the correspondences shown in Table 1 are averages that illustrate patterns observed across multiple test forms administered over several years rather than exact score correspondences for a specific test administration.

Average PCAT Subtest Scaled Score (SS) and Percentile Rank (PR) Point Increases for Selected Raw Score (RS) Increases for the 2011–15 PCAT Normative Sample

Table 1 illustrates what is typically seen in a subtest raw-score to scaled-score relationship: a 1-point difference in the raw score near the lower and upper ends (ie, 1-5 and 35-40) results in greater scaled-score differences than a 1-point raw-score difference near the median where corresponding differences in scaled scores are less. This occurs because there are more candidates earning scores close to the median, which results in greater scaled-score precision (with smaller standard error of measurement), and fewer candidates earning scores at the low and high ends where there is less scaled-score precision.

Table 1 also shows that the pattern in the relationship between scaled-score and percentile-rank correspondences is the opposite of the pattern seen between raw scores and scaled scores. The scaled-score to percentile-rank relationships illustrated in Table 1 reveal that around the subtest means, relatively slight differences in scaled scores result in greater differences in percentile rank. The reason for this is that scaled scores are derived from an assumption that the candidates taking the PCAT constitute an approximately normal distribution of abilities. The large size of the normative sample used to determine the percentile ranks has indeed resulted in the data forming a classic bell curve characteristic of a normal distribution, with the majority of scores clustered around the mean. This cluster of scaled scores around the mean is illustrated in Figure 1 by showing the bell curve formed when these scores are plotted for the current normative sample.

Distribution of Candidates Earning Composite Scaled Score Points for the 2011–2015 Normative Sample (With the Solid Line Indicating the Normal Distribution)

As shown in Figure 1 , the percent of candidates earning a given scaled score (indicated on the y-axis) is greatest near the middle of the scaled-score distribution (ie, around 400 on the x-axis). This illustrates why relatively small differences in scaled scores near the mean correspond to greater differences in percentile rank than do scaled scores near the extremities, where there are fewer candidates and where each difference in scaled score results in a smaller difference in percentile rank. For example, as illustrated in Figure 1 , a composite scaled score of 405 includes approximately 14% more candidates scoring below that point than does a score of 399 (a 6-point increase), whereas a scaled score of 447 only includes less than 1% more candidates scoring below that point than does a score of 441 (also a 6-point increase).

Writing Scores

The PCAT writing score reflects candidates’ abilities to apply conventions of language and problem-solving skills in the composition of an original essay. Even though no equating method is applied to writing scores to make them precisely equivalent, as is done with the multiple-choice subtest scaled scores, they are obtained through rigorous standardized administration and scoring processes that ensure their reliability. All operational writing prompts (topics on which candidates are asked to write) are selected based on criteria requiring that a similar mean score was obtained when each prompt was originally field tested.

Each PCAT essay response is assessed with reference to scoring rubrics (detailed descriptions of each score point), and specific verification procedures are followed during the scoring process to ensure the consistency and reliability of the scores assigned. Because these scores are reported for performances on specific prompts that differ from one test administration to another, and because each test administration includes multiple operational prompts, comparisons between candidates’ writing scores must be made with some caution. That said, the writing scores may be interpreted with reference to the mean score listed on the official transcript, as well as to the score-point descriptions and the sample essays of each score that are included in a document entitled “Interpreting PCAT Scores,” which is available to download from the PCAT website. 2

Candidates taking the PCAT earn a single writing score reported on a scale of 1.0-6.0, with 1.0 representing the lowest earned score possible and 6.0 representing the highest earned score possible. Following a test administration, a score for each essay is determined by assigning two scores ranging from 1-6. If the two assigned scores are the same (eg, 3 and 3), or differ by no more than one score point (eg, 3 and 4), the two scores are averaged, resulting in a final score represented to one decimal place (eg, 3.0, 3.5). If the two assigned scores differ by more than one score point (eg, 3 and 5), a resolution score is assigned and then combined with the higher of the two original scores, with the average of these two scores representing the final score (eg, an original high score of 5 and a resolution score of 4 would result in a final score of 4.5).

Table 2 shows a score point distribution for all the valid writing scores earned (ie, no 0 scores) on the current 6-point scale during the current normative sample period. Most of the scores (78.5%) are in the middle of the distribution (3.0-4.0), with a relatively smaller proportion (18.7%) at the lower end (1.0-2.5) and an even smaller proportion (2.8%) at the upper end (4.5-6.0). What this distribution suggests is that approximately 82% of the candidates earn scores of 3.0 or greater, 57% earn scores of 3.5 or greater, 39% earn scores of 4.0 or greater, and 3% earn scores of 4.5 or greater. This information may help schools determine a minimally acceptable writing performance or may suggest a candidate’s need for remediation after admission.

Normative Sample Writing Score-Point Distributions

Interpreting PCAT Scores for Admission

Pharmacy College Admission Test scores can be useful in the admissions process and as a guide for placing students appropriately by providing consistent and reliable information about the abilities of applicants. This is particularly important considering the possible variability in standards among schools and geographic regions. Scores on the PCAT may also be useful in identifying a candidate’s academic strengths and weaknesses and assessing any need for remedial support. In the process of reviewing PCAT scores, along with all other available information about a candidate, admission committees may find some discrepancies that require clarification.

PCAT Subtest Score Discrepancies

Although many items on the biological processes and chemical processes subtests do involve the application of interpretive and critical-thinking skills, particularly those associated with passages (paragraphs of text on a specific topic, which may include graphics), other items may also include specific technical content that is more easily memorized. The critical reading, quantitative reasoning, and writing subtests are more skill-based than knowledge-based: one requires the comprehension, analysis, and evaluation of complex ideas represented in text; one involves the performance of quantitative computation skills required to solve mathematical problems; and one involves the composition of an original essay that proposes a solution to a problem. These skills are not as dependent on identifying information as they are on the ability to interpret information and perform applications. For this reason, candidates with higher scores on the biological processes and chemical processes subtests relative to their scores on critical reading, quantitative reasoning, and writing may be those whose cognitive strengths are more knowledge-based than application-based.

Looked at in another way, the biological processes, chemical processes, and quantitative reasoning subtests emphasize basic scientific and mathematic principles and knowledge, and in that sense may be much more course-dependent than the critical reading and writing subtests, which involve abilities that can be developed over time in both academic and personal settings. For this reason, the language-oriented subtest scores may provide greater insight into candidates’ general academic ability than the more course-dependent biological processes, chemical processes, and quantitative reasoning subtest scores. Also, some candidates whose native language is not English may have difficulty with critical reading items that require the interpretation and analysis of extended text, or with the writing task that requires the composition of an original essay. Even though such individuals may be able to deal effectively with the scientific and mathematical material as reflected in prerequisite course grades or in performance on the PCAT biological processes, chemical processes, and quantitative reasoning subtests, they may be less able to deal with the more language-dependent critical reading and writing subtests.

Though research has consistently shown the PCAT to be a strong predictor of subsequent academic performance, PCAT scores are intended to be only one set of indicators among several sources of candidate information considered in admissions decisions. For this reason, PCAT scores should not be seen to represent a rigid performance standard that could inadvertently exclude otherwise worthy candidates. What PCAT scores do represent is a common standard against which candidates can be compared, regardless of educational background or other personal variables. When used along with all other information available to admissions committees, PCAT scores represent valuable information that each college or school of pharmacy can determine for itself how to best use when assessing its applicants.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author thanks the members of the AACP PCAT Advisory Committee for suggesting this primer and reviewing an early draft. The author also thanks Tianshu Pan, Rachel Wegner, and Weslea Miller, colleagues from Pearson (the publisher of the PCAT) who helped with the table and figure contents and by reviewing subsequent manuscript drafts. The ideas expressed in this manuscript are those of the author, an employee of NCS Pearson, and are not meant to represent either the AACP or the PCAT Advisory Committee.