HTTP Live Streaming Overview

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Deploying HTTP Live Streaming

To actually deploy HTTP Live Streaming, you need to create either an HTML page for browsers or a client app to act as a receiver. You also need the use of a web server and a way to either encode live streams as MPEG-2 transport streams or to create MP3 or MPEG-4 media files with H.264 and AAC encoding from your source material.

You can use the Apple-provided tools to segment the streams or media files, and to produce the index files and variant playlists (see Download the Tools ).

You should use the Apple-provided media stream validator prior to serving your streams, to ensure that they are fully compliant with HTTP Live Streaming.

You may want to encrypt your streams, in which case you probably also want to serve the encryption key files securely over HTTPS, so that only your intended clients can decrypt them.

Creating an HTML Page

The easiest way to distribute HTTP Live Streaming media is to create a webpage that includes the HTML5 <video> tag, using an .M3U8 playlist file as the video source. An example is shown in Listing 3-1 .

Listing 3-1   Serving HTTP Live Streaming in a webpage

For browsers that don’t support the HTML5 video element, or browsers that don’t support HTTP Live Streaming, you can include fallback code between the <video> and </video> tags. For example, you could fall back to a progressive download movie or an RTSP stream using the QuickTime plug-in. See Safari HTML5 Audio and Video Guide for examples.

Configuring a Web Server

HTTP Live Streaming can be served from an ordinary web server; no special configuration is necessary, apart from associating the MIME types of the files being served with their file extensions.

Configure the following MIME types for HTTP Live Streaming:

If your web server is constrained with respect to MIME types, you can serve files ending in .m3u with MIME type audio/mpegURL for compatibility.

Index files can be long and may be frequently redownloaded, but they are text files and can be compressed very efficiently. You can reduce server overhead by enabling on-the-fly .gzip compression of .M3U8 index files; the HTTP Live Streaming client automatically unzips compressed index files.

Shortening time-to-live (TTL) values for .M3U8 files may also be needed to achieve proper caching behavior for downstream web caches, as these files are frequently overwritten during live broadcasts, and the latest version should be downloaded for each request. Check with your content delivery service provider for specific recommendations. For VOD, the index file is static and downloaded only once, so caching is not a factor.

Validating Your Streams

The mediastreamvalidator tool is a command-line utility for validating HTTP Live Streaming streams and servers (see Download the Tools for details on obtaining the tool).

The media stream validator simulates an HTTP Live Streaming session and verifies that the index file and media segments conform to the HTTP Live Streaming specification. It performs several checks to ensure reliable streaming. If any errors or problems are found, a detailed diagnostic report is displayed.

You should always run the validator prior to serving a new stream or alternate stream set.

The media stream validator shows a listing of the streams you provide, followed by the timing results for each of those streams. (It may take a few minutes to calculate the actual timing.) An example of validator output follows.

For more information, read Media Stream Validator Tool Results Explained .

Serving Key Files Securely Over HTTPS

You can protect your media by encrypting it. The file segmenter and stream segmenter both have encryption options, and you can tell them to change the encryption key periodically. Who you share the keys with is up to you.

Key files require an initialization vector (IV) to decode encrypted media. The IVs can be changed periodically, just as the keys can. Current recommendations for encrypting media while minimizing overhead is to change the key every 3-4 hours and change the IV after every 50 Mb of data.

Even with restricted access to keys, however, it is possible for an eavesdropper to obtain copies of the key files if they are sent over HTTP. One solution to this problem is to send the keys securely over HTTPS.

Before you attempt to serve key files over HTTPS, you should do a test serving the keys from an internal web server over HTTP. This allows you to debug your setup before adding HTTPS to the mix. Once you have a known working system, you are ready to make the switch to HTTPS.

There are three conditions you must meet in order to use HTTPS to serve keys for HTTP Live Streaming:

You need to install an SSL certificate signed by a trusted authority on your HTTPS server.

The authentication domain for the key files must be the same as the authentication domain for the first playlist file. The simplest way to accomplish this is to serve the variant playlist file from the HTTPS server—the variant playlist file is downloaded only once, so this shouldn’t cause an excessive burden. Other playlist files can be served using HTTP.

You must either initiate your own dialog for the user to authenticate, or you must store the credentials on the client device—HTTP Live Streaming does not provide user dialogs for authentication. If you are writing your own client app, you can store credentials, whether cookie-based or HTTP digest based, and supply the credentials in the didReceiveAuthenticationChallenge callback (see Using NSURLConnection and Authentication Challenges and TLS Chain Validation for details). The credentials you supply are cached and reused by the media player.

If your HTTPS server does not have an SSL certificate signed by a trusted authority, you can still test your setup by creating a self-signed SSL Certificate Authority and a leaf certificate for your server. Attach the certificate for the certificate authority to an email, send it to a device you want to use as a Live Streaming client, and tap on the attachment in Mail to make the device trust the server.

A sample-level encryption format is documented in MPEG-2 Stream Encryption Format for HTTP Live Streaming .

Copyright © 2016 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Updated: 2016-03-01

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Apple HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)

Apache mime type configuration.

Videojs.com

Video.js guides.

These guides cover a range of topics for users of Video.js

Playback Technology ("Tech")

Table of contents, building an api wrapper, required methods, required events, optional events (include if supported), tag method:, object method:, technology ordering, flash technology.

Playback Technology refers to the specific browser or plugin technology used to play the video or audio. When using HTML5, the playback technology is the video or audio element. When using the videojs-youtube tech, the playback technology is the YouTube player. The tech also includes an API wrapper to translate between the Video.js controls and API to the specific playback technology used.

Essentially we're using html5 and plugins only as video decoders, and using HTML and JavaScript to create a consistent API and skinning experience across all of them.

In addition to techs there are source handlers. Source handlers add the capability to play additional source types to techs. For example, the http-streaming source handler (included with Video.js 7+ by default) enables the HTML5 tech to play HLS and DASH.

We'll write a more complete guide on writing a wrapper soon, but for now the best resource is the Video.js source where you can see how the HTML5 API wrapper is created.

canPlayType play pause currentTime volume duration buffered supportsFullScreen

loadstart play pause playing ended volumechange durationchange error

timeupdate progress enterFullScreen exitFullScreen

Adding Playback Technology

When additional techs are added they are automatically added to the techOrder . You can modify the techOrder to change the priority of each tech.

By default, techs will have to handle their own posters and are somewhat locked out of the player's poster lifecycle. However, when the player is initialized with the techCanOverridePoster option it will be possible for techs to integrate into that lifecycle and the player's PosterImage component to be used.

Techs can check if they have this capability by checking the canOverridePoster boolean in their options.

techCanOverridePoster requirements

  • poster() which returns the tech's current poster url
  • setPoster() which updates the tech's poster url and triggers a posterchange event which the player will handle

When Video.js is given an array of sources, which to use is determined by finding the first supported source / tech combination. Each tech will be queried in the order specified in techOrder whether it can play the first source. The first match wins. If no tech can play the first source, then the next will be tested. It's important to set the type of each source correctly for this test to be accurate.

These examples use the obsolete Flash tech for illustration of tech ordering with techs which have a greater degree of overlap in sources they can play

For example, given the following video element, assuming the videojs-flash tech is available:

The HLS source will be tested first. The first tech is html5.

  • Safari can play HLS in a standard HTML5 video element, so HLS will be played using the html5 tech.
  • Chrome can't play HLS in the standard HTML5 video element on its own, but the http-streaming source handler (included in Video.js 7+ by default) can play HLS via Media Source Extensions in HTML5. So HLS will be played in the html5 tech.
  • IE 10 can't play HLS natively, and doesn't support Media Source Extensions. As the source cannot be played in HTML5, the Flash tech will be tested.

Now take the same sources again but without videojs-flash:

  • Chrome will play HLS in the html5 tech using the http-streaming source handler via Media Source Extensions .
  • IE 10 can't play HLS in either the html5 or Flash tech. Next the MP4 source will be tested. MP4 can be played by HTML5, so that source-tech pair will be used.

Flash is no longer supported as it has reached end of life .

DEV Community

DEV Community

Ashish Agre

Posted on May 24, 2020

Play Video Using video.js and videojs-hls-quality-selector

Introduction.

How to play hls video in Angular using video.js and show quality-selectors

Create simple angular App and use following commands to install video js components

video-player.component.html

video-player.component.ts

package.json

Source https://silentsudo.gitlab.io/post/angular/2020-05-04-videojs-quality-selector-hls-streaming/

Top comments (4)

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applicafroguy profile image

  • Location Cape Town
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import videojs from 'video.js';

declare var require: any; require('videojs-contrib-quality-levels'); require('videojs-hls-quality-selector');

I get this error ERROR TypeError: myPlayer.hlsQualitySelector is not a function

shivshankar2435 profile image

  • Location pune india
  • Joined Apr 9, 2021

Thanks for sharing this post. I have used the same code but not able to see quality icons in the video.

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  • Location New Delhi
  • Work Full stack developer
  • Joined Apr 14, 2019

Maybe this could be of help . it contains various ways to get the video quality in video.js github.com/sahilkashyap64/hls

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Replacing Angular Universal with SSR version 17.0

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[Discuss] How to implement the same template in different pages?

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Episode 24/03: Angular 17.1

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How to play HLS stream in HTML5 player Video.JS?

In this tutorial, we're going to learn how to play HLS stream in HTML5 video player using video.js.

HTTP Live Streaming, also known as HLS Stream, is a HTTP-based communication protocol which used dynamic or adaptive bit rate for streaming videos. This protocol was developed and published by Apple Inc. in the year 2009 and a wide variety of media player, web browsers, mobile devices and streaming media players support this protocol.

HLS has the benefit of being compatible with all Internet-connected devices, making it easier to adopt than streaming protocols that need the usage of specialist servers. Another advantage is that an HLS stream may adjust video quality based on network constraints without interfering with playing. While a result, video quality may improve or deteriorate in the midst of a video as the consumer watches it.

So, we'll try to use an HLS stream is our video player in the web browser using video.js in the next section of the video.

To play an HLS Stream in our video player using video.js, we need to first import the required package, which is 'videojs-contrib-hls'. Video-js contrib hls is already implemented in the latest versions of video.js and we just need to include it inside our code by linking it in the <script> tag.

Consider the code below to add "'videojs-contrib-hls'' in our local project −

Once we've included the package required for playing HLS video, let's add our HLS source in the source tag with its mime type. The HLS stream files usually have .m3u8 extension at the end of the file. And the video mime type for the steams is "application/x-mpegURL".

Consider the code below to add an HLS Stream source in our video element −

So, the complete example of an HLS Stream video player is going to look like this −

In the above example, you can notice that we've add our HLS stream in the source tag inside the video element. And in the <script> tag, we've also included the package 'videojs-contrib-hls', which is responsible for playing our HLS video stream in the web browser.

When you execute the above code, you'll see that a video player is created which plays the HLS stream video file and has a custom theme applied. We've also used some standard HTML5 and some video.js specific video options like controls, preload and fluid.

Note  − Please make sure to add the correct path of your HLS steam in the source tag.

Now that we've understood how to make a basic HLS stream video player using video.js let's see how we can make this programmatically instead of adding a source tag.

Creating an HLS Video Player using Video.js Programmatically

In this section of the tutorial, we're going to again create a video player to play HLS Steram but this time, we're going to use video-js functions for the same.

First, we'll create a video.js player reference and will map it to a video element with the id as 'my-video'. Then we'll add the "src" to the created player with the link of HLS stream and its type.

Use the following code to create a player and add HLS Video stream source −

In the above code snippet, we've create a video player reference using video-js function to the video element with id = 'my-video'. And then we've added "src" attribute to the player use the "player.src" method. We've passed the source path to our HLS Stream file with extension m3u8 and then we've set the type of the files as 'application/x-mpegURL'.

The complete working example of create an HLS Video player inside the <script> using video.js will be as follows −

On executing the above example, we'll see a video player in our browser which will be playing our HLS Video Stream.

Note  − Don't forget to update the source path of the HLS stream.

In this tutorial, we understood how to play an HLS Video stream in HTM5 video player using video.js. We also saw various methods of creating an HLS Stream Video player with the help of examples.

Prince Yadav

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NGINX rtmp to hls setup with video.js buffering

I am trying to setup a streaming server for a local school that runs on their local network. I setup Ubuntu 18.04 on a virtual machine and gave it it's own dedicated 1 Gigabit connection on the server. It has 4 processing cores and 8GB of memory. All the switches in the school are 1 Gigabit. I use a GoPro sending 480p video over RTMP to the server (running NGINX and rtmp module). On the same server I have the video.js configured to view the stream.

When we run 5-10 browsers with the stream going it seems just fine. Today they opened 50-60 which is about the max of what we will ever see. When we did that, slowly some of the browsers started "buffering" and would do it over and over. It almost looks like every 2 seconds it does it really quick.

I checked the server and it doesn't appear that CPU, Memory, Disk, or even Network is constrained. Although VMware does show the server getting to about 120mbps and peaking.

This is what my nginx.conf looks like. What can I do to get this to perform. I can't figure out if it's simply just too much bandwidth or if it's something along the lines of new players being turned on are trying to play from the playlist and holding up the process of the RTMP to HLS conversion. Hopefully that train of thought makes sense.

Here is the html for the player:

Rogerwilcos's user avatar

  • VMware, you say? How exactly did you set up the VM's NIC? –  Michael Hampton Jan 22, 2021 at 3:02
  • I used the e1000e driver for my initial test. Everything shows up at 1Gbps speed. –  Rogerwilcos Jan 22, 2021 at 12:28
  • Why aren't you using a vmxnet driver? –  Michael Hampton Jan 22, 2021 at 13:08
  • In my home lab I can't use it because of a bug between it and the old hardware version that is supported in my VMware environment. At the school I can use it. However, I tried switching to that driver and didn't notice a change in throughput with my testing. I would still like to get a client outside of the VMware environment on the network that I can push a lot of traffic to. It almost seems though that the network caps because something else on the server is hitting a bottleneck. I don't know if it might be something to do with nginx worker threads or open file handles on the system. –  Rogerwilcos Jan 22, 2021 at 14:05

This ended up being a matter of bandwidth. The GoPro feed is 480p to the RTMP server. Each consecutive stream was drawing about 3Mbps of bandwidth. What I ended up doing was using FFMPEG to transcode the video to a 500Kbps stream. The quality drops a little bit, but it is still very useable. With the same number of sessions going (60) the server is only using about 8Mbps of bandwidth. I will also add that the FFMPEG transcoding adds about 45-60 seconds of delay before the stream starts in the browser. I am sure this can be corrected, I just haven't taken it that far because for my scenario it doesn't matter.

Here is the RTMP section of my nginx.conf file:

Then in my HTML5 viewer I use this code:

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type= application/x mpegurl

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how to use DASH or HLS to play video in asp.net core?

how to upload video and then play it using DASH or HLS?

ASP.NET Core A set of technologies in the .NET Framework for building web applications and XML web services. 3,995 questions Sign in to follow

Could you please describe more details about which video you want to upload and where you want to play it? Inside the asp.net core web page?

yes there is a admin page to upload the video I wonder if I have to slice the video to many videos? t1.ts ...t30.ts

then index page to play it and it will download the ts files one and another?

should I use some tool to slice it?

@Brando Zhang-MSFT any updates? thank you

The sample code below is just a demo, we shouldn't upload files like this, it will always hang-on if the the files very large. Another way, we can limit the file size. You can refer to my code and optimize it.

Best Regards

Please follow my steps to implement this feature.

1.Create a VideoController.cs. So that we can upload the video files and slice it by using ffmpeg.

2.Create the VideoUploadModel.cs.

3.Create Video folder under the Views folder. And create Index.cshtml and Upload.cshtml.

  • Add Cors for static files, and Add MIME type in asp.net core.

5.Download ffmpeg or other tools which can slice the video to many videos. And don't forget to add the ffmpeg to environment variable.

User's image

6.We also need add maxAllowedContentLength in web.config

User's image

8.Then we can play the video. Check the test result. We also could use other tools to play it online.

BlazorApp1

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Best regards,

Convert to Hls I have to use ffmpeg.exe? how to import an dll of ffmpeg and run it using cs ? not a command?

There are a lot of tools can do this thing, ffmpeg.exe is a classic tools. And what is the cs ?

Best Regards Jason

you said there are a lot of tools please tell me one easily I mean I can use c# to do it.

According to our policy, I couldn't share the 3rd tools for you. But you can do some research, it's easy for you to find the tools which has the GUI to convert the video files.

Thanks for your understanding and have a nice day.

0 additional answers

Open-source React video player powered by VideoJS

Lion-player.

Open-source React video player powered by VideoJS.

Installation

This library is available through the npm registry .

Start using it by importing the library first.

The LionPlayer component requires the following CSS for styling:

Using link tags

Using import

Video playback through Lion Player

List of possible props for LionPlayer

LionPlayer Props Reference

  • Prince Neil Cedrick Castro - Initial work

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Demo with Firefox: Specified “type” attribute of “application/x-mpegURL” is not supported. #83

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wowcut commented Apr 12, 2018 • edited

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IMAGES

  1. internet explorer 11

    type= application/x mpegurl

  2. Change source with type='application/x-mpegURL' in Windows 7 IE11

    type= application/x mpegurl

  3. Request attempts to parse body as JSON even though Content-Type is

    type= application/x mpegurl

  4. Specified “type” attribute of “application/dash+xml” is not supported

    type= application/x mpegurl

  5. Demo with Firefox: Specified “type” attribute of “application/x-mpegURL

    type= application/x mpegurl

  6. Request attempts to parse body as JSON even though Content-Type is

    type= application/x mpegurl

VIDEO

  1. Understanding multipart/form-data and application/x-www-urlencoded content-type data transfers

  2. How to Play a m3u8 File with HTML5 Video Element

  3. application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data?

  4. Authorization Code Flow Part 1

  5. Node-Red ep-03 วิธีการส่งไลน์แจ้งเตือน

  6. Login and Registration Form using React + Node + MySQL

COMMENTS

  1. How to put application/x-mpegURL in source in videojs

    1 Answer Sorted by: 5 Original, but now outdated answer: For browsers without native HLS support you need the videojs-contrib-hls plugin: http://videojs.github.io/videojs-contrib-hls/ As of Video.js v7, HLS is supported by default and does not require anything additional in the default build.

  2. Change source with type='application/x-mpegURL' in Windows 7 ...

    I don't think this issue is outdated as I experience it right now in version 7.8.3. My case is pretty much the same, but I try to load live video over empty source (sources: [{}] in config).

  3. Deploying HTTP Live Streaming

    MIME Type.M3U8. application/x-mpegURL or. vnd.apple.mpegURL.ts. video/MP2T. If your web server is constrained with respect to MIME types, you can serve files ending in .m3u with MIME type audio/mpegURL for compatibility. Index files can be long and may be frequently redownloaded, but they are text files and can be compressed very efficiently. ...

  4. GitHub

    main Code README License videojs-http-streaming (VHS) Play HLS, DASH, and future HTTP streaming protocols with video.js, even where they're not natively supported. Included in video.js 7 by default! See the video.js 7 blog post Maintenance Status: Stable Video.js Compatibility: 7.x, 8.x Installation NPM CDN Releases Manual Build Contributing

  5. Apple HTTP Live Streaming (HLS)

    The build script is available on GitLab . Browsers that support HLS: Apple Safari (Mac OS X / iOS) Android Browser / Chrome on Android 3.0 or later Microsoft Edge (Trident) Apache MIME type configuration AddType application/x-mpegurl m3u8 AddType video/mp2t ts Note: AddType application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8 #Does not work on most Android devices

  6. Playback Technology ("Tech")

    Flash Technology. Playback Technology refers to the specific browser or plugin technology used to play the video or audio. When using HTML5, the playback technology is the video or audio element. When using the videojs-youtube tech, the playback technology is the YouTube player. The tech also includes an API wrapper to translate between the ...

  7. Play Video Using video.js and videojs-hls-quality-selector

    npm install --save video.js npm install --save videojs-hls-quality-selector npm install --save videojs-contrib-quality-levels

  8. mime types: application/x-mpegurl, video/mp2t #7334

    . Already have an account? . a304470 created the issue afaics there's (yet) no way of setting the mime-types via preferences. *.m3u8 hls playlists automatically are set to application/apple.vnd.mpegurl - they should be set to application/x-mpegurl, not only for non-...

  9. How to play HLS stream in HTML5 player Video.JS?

    On executing the above example, we'll see a video player in our browser which will be playing our HLS Video Stream. Note − Don't forget to update the source path of the HLS stream.. Conclusion. In this tutorial, we understood how to play an HLS Video stream in HTM5 video player using video.js.

  10. Android HLS video mime type

    1 I'm successful playing HLS using mimetype 'video/*', but other players that do not support HLS can be fired as well, which results in crashes and freezes. - AlikElzin-kilaka Feb 7, 2012 at 18:08 I couldn't find any documentation regarding the HLS (HTTP Live Stream) mime type except: developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/…

  11. Setting up HLS live streaming server using NGINX

    Jan 10, 2023. 1. This guide will explain how to setup your own streaming server on ubuntu. 1. Compile nginx with rtmp module. Firstly, we'll need to compile nginx with the nginx-rtmp-module. We ...

  12. NGINX rtmp to hls setup with video.js buffering

    I am sure this can be corrected, I just haven't taken it that far because for my scenario it doesn't matter. rtmp { server { listen 1935; chunk_size 4096; application live { record off; live on; # Turn on HLS hls on; hls_path /var/stream/hls/; hls_fragment 3; hls_playlist_length 60; # disable consuming the stream from nginx as rtmp allow play ...

  13. Unable to play an hls stream using latest video.js and videojs-contrib

    The error in question that shows up in Firefox only for Ubuntu 13.04 and Windows 7 (but doesn't show up for Windows 7 Chrome): Specified "type" attribute of "application/x-mpegURL" is not supported. Load of media resource hls/hdmi/index....

  14. Video.js · Cloudflare Stream docs

    Start a live stream; Add custom ingest domains; Watch a live stream; Download live stream videos; Record and replay live streams; Simulcast (restream) videos

  15. how to use DASH or HLS to play video in asp.net core?

    Hi @ mc, Please follow my steps to implement this feature. 1.Create a VideoController.cs. So that we can upload the video files and slice it by using ffmpeg. using AspCore7_Web_Identity.Areas.Identity.Data; using AspCore7_Web_Identity.Models; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore; using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting ...

  16. Open-source React video player powered by VideoJS

    Installation. This library is available through the npm registry. NPM. $ npm -i lion-player. Yarn. $ yarn add lion-player.

  17. Demo with Firefox: Specified "type" attribute of "application/x-mpegURL

    Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly

  18. HTML5 Video: Unknown MIME type with Content Type application/vnd.apple

    Use application/x-mpegURL and Chrome and Android browser will play it. Android OS must to be > 4.0. Firefox refuses to play hls if you don't use a hook, but you have open source tools like video-js and its hls plugin or hls plugin for videojs5+ by Peer5 that you can use to play it on modern browsers. Share Follow edited Jan 26, 2017 at 12:22

  19. m3u8-video-js

    About External Resources. You can apply CSS to your Pen from any stylesheet on the web. Just put a URL to it here and we'll apply it, in the order you have them, before the CSS in the Pen itself.

  20. browser

    With DownloadHelper activated, navigate to the webpage containing the video that you want to download. Once the video is streaming, click on the DownloadHelper icon. It will give you a list of all file formats available on the current video. Scroll onto the file format that you wish to download.