water harvesting essay class 10

Essay on Rain Water Harvesting for Students and Children

500 words essay on rain water harvesting.

Rainwater Harvesting is one of the most commonly used methods to save water. It refers to storing of rainwater for various uses. The notion behind rainwater harvesting is to not waste the rainwater and prevent it from running off. In other words, it is done to collect rainwater using simple mechanisms. This method is very useful considering the water scarcity that is happening in India. Moreover, rainwater harvesting is so easy that almost anyone can do it. We must encourage this practice to help people get access to clean water easily without any cost.

Importance of Rainwater Harvesting

As we know by now, rainwater harvesting is very easy and economical. Following the water scarcity in so many parts of the world, rainwater harvesting has become the need of the hour. It must be practiced by people of all regions. This will also give them a sense of comfort in knowing that they won’t have to face water scarcity.

Furthermore, rainwater harvesting holds more importance than you actually think it does. As we know that surface water is not enough to meet the demands of the people, we can get additional help from rainwater. Also, most people now depend on groundwater for their uses. Many houses and even flats have submersible pumps in their place. The groundwater is decreasing day by day because of excessive usage, deforestation, urbanization and more.

Thus, when we practice rainwater harvesting, it can maintain the level of the groundwater. That way, we all can make use of groundwater as it will keep on replenishing through rainwater harvesting. Moreover, rainwater harvesting prevents water from logging on roads. It also reduces the chances of soil erosion. Most importantly, rainwater harvesting improves the quality of water which we consume, as it is the purest form of water.

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Rainwater Harvesting Methods

Rainwater harvesting is a very simple method that can be practiced by anyone. There are primarily two types of rainwater harvesting methods. The first one is surface runoff harvesting. In this method, the water that runs off the surface is focused on. We see how the surface runoff causes a lot of loss of water. However, if we make proper arrangements, we can even save that water to use for various purposes.

In this method, we can collect the surface runoff water by making a path that directs to a storage space like a tank or pond. This can help store water in a large amount which can be used later for a lot of work. Everyone can design an efficient system which will collect large amounts of water from roads, gardens, parks and more. It will definitely be enough to sustain a community and even a city is designed on a larger level.

However, the runoff water will have a lot of impurities. Therefore, it is important to first filter the water properly so it can be reused for all purposes, whether it is drinking or cooking.

Next up, we have rooftop rainwater harvesting. Here, the roof of a house or building works as a rainwater collection unit. It includes equipping the roof with pipes that direct to a pit or tank. These pipes will divert the water falling on the roof in the tank to save water from falling off. This is a very economical and efficient way to harvest rainwater.

FAQs on Rain Water Harvesting

Q.1 Why is Rainwater Harvesting important?

A.1 Rainwater harvesting is important because we are facing water scarcity. Rainwater is an economical way to save water and prevent rainwater wastage.

Q.2 How can one harvest rainwater?

A.2 Rainwater harvesting is done using two methods. One is surface runoff harvesting and the other is rooftop rainwater harvesting.

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Essay on Water Harvesting 1000+ Words

Water is a precious resource essential for all life on Earth. However, as our population grows and climate change brings more unpredictable weather patterns, water scarcity becomes a pressing concern. Water harvesting is a vital solution that can help address this challenge. In this essay, we will explore the importance of water harvesting, its benefits, and how it contributes to a sustainable and water-secure future.

Water Scarcity: A Global Challenge

Water scarcity is a growing problem worldwide, affecting billions of people. Many regions face droughts, while others struggle with the unequal distribution of water resources. As a result, finding innovative ways to conserve and manage water is crucial.

What is water harvesting?

Water harvesting is a method of collecting and storing rainwater for various purposes. It involves capturing rainwater that falls on rooftops, surfaces, and land, then storing it for later use. This ancient practice has been used by civilizations throughout history and remains relevant today.

Rainwater Harvesting Systems

There are various rainwater harvesting systems, each tailored to different needs. The most common types include rooftop harvesting, where rainwater is collected from rooftops and stored in tanks, and surface runoff harvesting, which captures rainwater from paved surfaces and directs it into storage tanks or underground reservoirs.

Benefits of Water Harvesting

Water harvesting offers numerous benefits that extend beyond addressing water scarcity:

• Water Conservation : It helps conserve water by capturing rainwater that would otherwise flow away and be wasted.
• Sustainable Agriculture : Farmers can use harvested rainwater for irrigation, reducing their dependence on groundwater.
• Reduced Flooding : By controlling surface runoff, water harvesting reduces the risk of floods during heavy rains.
• Groundwater Recharge : It can help replenish underground aquifers, which are vital sources of freshwater.
• Cost Savings : Households and businesses can save on water bills by using harvested rainwater for non-potable purposes like gardening and flushing toilets.
• Environmental Benefits : Water harvesting promotes biodiversity by providing water for plants and wildlife, and it reduces the demand on rivers and lakes for water supply.

Case Studies: Success Stories

Water harvesting has proven successful in various regions around the world. In places like Rajasthan, India, where water scarcity is a constant challenge, rainwater harvesting has transformed communities. Villages that once struggled for water now have reliable sources, improving living conditions and agricultural productivity.

Environmental Impact

One of the most significant benefits of water harvesting is its positive impact on the environment. By capturing rainwater, we reduce the need for energy-intensive water treatment and transportation processes. This leads to lower carbon emissions and a reduced environmental footprint.

A Sustainable Future

Water harvesting aligns with the principles of sustainability. It helps ensure that future generations have access to clean, safe water while also preserving ecosystems. This approach promotes responsible water use and fosters a sense of responsibility towards the environment.

Challenges and Solutions

While water harvesting offers numerous benefits, it’s not without its challenges. Some regions may face limited rainfall, making it less effective. In such cases, supplementing with other water sources or improving water management practices can be essential.

Conclusion of Essay on Water Harvesting

In conclusion, water harvesting is a practical and sustainable solution to address the global water scarcity crisis. It not only conserves water but also offers economic, environmental, and social benefits. As our world faces increasing challenges related to water availability, implementing water harvesting practices on a broader scale is essential.

By adopting water harvesting techniques in our homes, communities, and agriculture, we can contribute to a more water-secure future. It’s a simple yet powerful way to make a positive impact on our environment and ensure that water remains a resource available to all, both now and in the generations to come. Water harvesting is not just a solution; it’s a commitment to a sustainable and water-rich future for our planet.

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Rain Water Harvesting Essay

One of the most effective practices and approaches used to encourage water conservation is the use of rainwater collection systems. Today, the lack of high-quality water is a significant source of worry. Rainwater can be used for different animal needs as well as agriculture, cleaning, washing, bathing, and cooking because it is pure. Here are some sample essays on rain water harvesting.

100 Words Essay on Rain Water Harvesting

200 words essay on rain water harvesting, 500 words essay on rain water harvesting, importance of rainwater harvesting, methods of rainwater harvesting.

To collect and store rainwater for use in the future, a technique known as "rainwater harvesting" is used. Rainwater can be collected in either natural or artificial tanks. Surface water can also be gathered by allowing it to sink into underground aquifers if it hasn't already been lost by surface overflow.

Rainwater can also be collected by harvesting it from rooftops. For those who live in regions with little rainfall, it is quite essential. They can continue harvesting seasonal crops using the rainwater they have collected, even in the lack of a regular water source. Rainwater is gathered into artificial ponds or tanks every time it rains.

A fundamental process called rainwater harvesting involves rainfall seeping into the ground's water table through open land. Rainwater collection is relatively easy to do at home and has a significant positive impact on the environment and our ecosystem. Our cities and villages will have to rely on the earth's finite supply of fresh water if rainwater harvesting is not done correctly. We must keep in mind that freshwater makes up only 3% of the total amount of water on Earth. We will run out of water before our future generations can survive if we do not adopt innovative water-saving techniques.

Additionally, rainwater collection is more important than we might assume. We can use rainfall as an extra resource because we are aware that surface water is insufficient to supply all the needs of the population. Additionally, groundwater is currently the primary source of water for most people.

The entire population of the country cannot adopt rainwater collection quickly. Governments and members of civil society must work together to advance the process, which is gradual. There should be awareness-raising and educational efforts in rural areas of the nation as well as educational institutions to raise the necessary understanding about the advantages of rainwater harvesting because it is one of the sustainable sources of water collection that we can rely on.

The most popular way to conserve water is through rainwater harvesting. It corresponds to the act of collecting rainwater for later use. Using rainwater for agricultural purposes and preventing it from evaporating are the two goals of rainwater gathering. This means that different techniques are used to collect rainwater. Considering India's current water shortage, this strategy is beneficial. In addition, it is quite simple to practice rainwater harvesting which allows people to do it without investing too much into it. We must support this approach to enable people to get clean water freely.

The rainwater collection is simple and inexpensive. Rainwater collection has become essential due to the water shortage that has affected many areas of the world. Individuals from all regions must practice it. Submersible pumps are used in a lot of homes, including apartments. Due to excessive use, deforestation, urbanisation, and other factors, the groundwater is getting lower and lower every day. As a result, when we collect rainwater, the groundwater level may be maintained. In this manner, everyone can utilise groundwater because rainwater collection would keep its levels up. In addition, collecting rainwater stops water from collecting on highways. Soil erosion is also less likely to happen as a result. Since rainwater is the cleanest form of water, it is crucial that rainwater harvesting be practiced by people ardently.

Everyone can make use of the easy-going technique of rainwater gathering. Rainwater-gathering plans mostly fall into two categories. Surface runoff harvesting comes first on the list. This approach concentrates on surface-running water. We observe a significant loss of water due to surface runoff. If we take suitable precautions, we may even be able to preserve the water for later use.

By creating a channel that leads to a storage area like a pond or tank, we can use this technique to collect surface runoff water. Large amounts of water can be stored in this way and used later. Everybody can create a system that effectively contains enormous amounts of water from parks, gardens, and roadways. If consider on a bigger scale, it will be sufficient to support a city and even a community.

But the water from runoff will be heavily contaminated. It is crucial to adequately filter the water first so that it may be used for drinking and cooking as well as other functions. Here, a structure or home's roof is a device for collecting rainwater. A pit or tank may be reached by installing pipes on the roof. The water that would otherwise fall off the roof will be saved by these pipes, which will redirect it into the tank. This method of gathering rainwater is incredibly cost-effective and helpful.

Real-Life Inspiration | One of the Indian states, Tamil Nadu, became the first to make rainwater collection mandatory. On May 30, 2014, the Tamil Nadu state government announced plans to build over 50,000 rainwater harvesting systems throughout Chennai. In Tamil Nadu, rainwater tanks have been installed in about 4,000 temples. These tanks are used for numerous temple activities and to refill the groundwater. Thus, rainwater harvesting is needed when water resources are limited and polluted due to the large population.

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Gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French , German , Italian . 

Public Relation Executive

Travel journalist.

The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

Merchandiser.

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Metallurgical Engineer

A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

ITSM Manager

Information security manager.

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

Business Intelligence Developer

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Rainwater Harvesting - Concepts - Chapter 3 Class 10 Geography - Water Resources - Geography

Last updated at July 7, 2023 by Teachoo

• Many thought that given the disadvantages and rising resistance against the multi-purpose projects , the water harvesting system was a viable alternative , both socio-economically and environmentally .
• In ancient India , along with the sophisticated hydraulic structures , there existed an extraordinary tradition of water-harvesting systems .
• People had in-depth knowledge of rainfall regimes and soil types and developed wide ranging techniques to harvest rainwater , groundwater , river water and flood water in keeping with the local ecological conditions and their water needs .
• In hill and mountainous regions , people built diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the Western Himalayas for agriculture.

• ‘Rooftop rainwater harvesting’ was commonly practiced to store drinking water , particularly in Rajasthan . 

• In the flood plains of Bengal , people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields .
• In arid and semi-arid regions , agriculture fields were converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the ‘khadins’ in Jaisalmer and ‘Johads’ in other parts of Rajasthan .
• In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan , particularly in Bikaner , Phalodi and Barmer , almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water .
• The tanks could be as large as a big room ; one household in Phalodi had a tank that was 6.1 metres deep , 4.27 metres long and 2.44 metres wide .
• The Tankas were part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built inside the main house or the courtyard.

• They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe .
• Rain falling on the rooftops would travel down the pipe and was stored in these underground ‘tankas’ . 
• The first spell of rain was usually not collected as this would clean the roofs and the pipes .
• The rainwater from the subsequent showers was then collected .
• The rainwater can be stored in the tankas till the next rainfall making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up , particularly in the summers .
• Rainwater , or Palar Pani , as commonly referred to in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water .
• Many houses constructed underground rooms adjoining the ‘tanka’ to beat the summer heat as it would keep the room cool .
• Fortunately in many parts of rural and urban India , rooftop rainwater harvesting is being successfully adapted to store and conserve water .
• In Gendathur , a remote backward village in Mysuru, Karnataka , villagers have installed, in their households, a rooftop rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs .
• Nearly 200 households have installed this system and the village has earned the rare distinction of being rich in rainwater .
• Gendathur receives an annual precipitation of 1,000 mm , and with 80 percent of collection efficiently and of about 10 fillings , every house can collect and use about 50,000 litres of water annually .
• From the 200 houses , the net amount of rainwater harvested annually amounts to 1,00,000 litres .

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• Speech on Rainwater Harvesting

Introduction

There are different topics a speech can be written and delivered. Before the students learn to write a speech on rainwater harvesting and understand the content to be written there are a few crucial pieces of information the students need to learn to write an impactful speech. 

What is a Speech?  

Speech is a form of communication made by a speaker in front of an audience on a specific topic. A speech helps the speaker express their thoughts in spoken language. A speech can be formal or informal based on the nature of the topic of the speech. 

Types of Speech

Speech can be classified into four categories based on its purpose: 

Informative Speech- This type of speech is given by the speaker with the primary focus being passing on information. These speeches are knowledgeable and relevant to your audience as they share the same interest in the topic. For example, a teacher talks about the Hydrologic cycle of water.

Demonstrative Speech- This type of speech is a lot more like an informative speech. A demonstrative speech also has the primary focus of delivering information. The difference between informative and demonstrative speech is mainly that the demonstrative speech is used to give a demonstration about the “How”. 

For example, How to bake cookies? Even though it involves information on baking cooking it also gives you the step-by-step process of performing the task based on the information.

Persuasive Speech- This type of speech does not have information or demonstration. The primary focus of a persuasive speech is to influence one’s mind and make changes in their life. For example, Donate your eyes - this topic of speech persuades or convinces an individual of the act learned.

Entertaining Speech- This type of speech does not have any information, demonstration, or influence upon the audience. This type of speech is merely for keeping the audience hooked. For example, a compere at a wedding.

Tips on Preparing for a Speech

Some of the tips are:

Observe, analyze and understand your audience

Understand the type of speech and decide on the narrative accordingly 

Always be prepared with additional content 

The topic has to be based on your audience, the type of speech, and also based on the occasion. 

The speech has to be well constructed, that is the content has to be placed in an order. This makes it easy for the audience to connect and understand. 

An Overview of Rainwater Harvesting Speech  

Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rainwater, instead of allowing it to flow away, for future use. The collected water is contained in percolating wells, shafts, etc. It is often used for drinking purposes and the extracted water can be used in irrigation, plantations, domestic use, etc. One of the oldest and easiest methods for storing freshwater is rainwater harvesting. Here we have provided a long speech and a short speech on rainwater harvesting for Classes 5 to 12 along with 10 lines for writing a speech on rainwater harvesting for Classes 1 to 4.

Long and Short Speech on Rainwater Harvesting

Long speech on rainwater harvesting.

Today, I am here to deliver a speech on rainwater harvesting. The climate is constantly changing, mostly due to changes in the atmosphere, resulting in an unprecedented rate of temperature change. The length of different seasons has also been altered.

The period of the rainy season and the winter season was shortened (less than 4 months), while the summer season was increased by more than 4 months. The amount of precipitation and its groundwater recharge has also been drastically decreased. In response, the groundwater systems such as tube wells, etc. have now begun to collapse at many locations.

People do not get water for their domestic needs; it becomes difficult to plant crops; reservoirs dry up, etc. In short, the lack of water is huge. The government is spending large sums of money to combat these issues.

The harvesting of natural water (rainwater) plays a very important role in this situation, diluting the problem of water shortages.

Different methods of water harvesting have been developed, which are in use worldwide for a very long time back. "As mentioned, few of the very earliest Middle East agriculture was focused on the diversion of "wadi" flow to agricultural fields, a kind of water harvesting and irrigation recycling of harvested water.

The water harvesting systems were reported to be used in the Negev desert (Israel) around 4000 years ago or more, where water harvesting was carried out by clearing the hillsides of vegetation to increase the runoff and directing the runoff to the fields on the plains.

Similarly, from at least 1000 years ago, floodwater farming has been documented in practice in the desert regions of Arizona and northwest New Mexico. The micro-catchment technique for tree growing was identified in southern Tunisia, which was discovered by travelers Pacey and Cullis (1986) in the nineteenth century.

The "Khadin" scheme in India, in which floodwater is impounded behind earthen bunds, and crops are planted in the field based on the residual moisture content due to impounded water infiltration.

Farmers have also documented the use of conventional and small-scale water harvesting systems in sub-Saharan Africa. The method of water harvesting is documented in some West African countries by constructing a simple structure using stones. The practice of water harvesting has been documented in Sudan and the Central Rangelands of Somalia through the construction of the Bund system.

There are different advantages and uses for rainwater harvesting; however, harvesting systems have to work and maintain to ensure water quality. Water has to be distilled and filtered for use as well. Rainwater should be collected by every person, so it can be used for other occupations. The water on the surface and roof should be protected from pollution as it helps to increase the level of groundwater.

Short Speech on Rainwater Harvesting

Today, I am here to deliver a speech on rainwater harvesting. Water harvesting is, in a broad sense, defined as the collection of runoff for its productive use.' It is possible to harvest rainwater (overland flow/runoff) from the roofs and ground surfaces or intermittent or ephemeral streams (watercourses).

A variety of methods of water harvesting are available for various applications. The efficient use of harvested water includes the growth of provisions for domestic and livestock feed, the supply of crops, the processing of food and trees, and the construction of water bodies for the cultivation of fish and ducks.

Water harvesting incorporates different methods or activities focused on the use of runoff from un-cropped areas to replace the cropped areas with the harvested water.

In addition, it is also important to store water for irrigation, domestic, or livestock use, but the use of harvested water for crop production is often given priority. In general, in arid and semi-arid areas where droughts occur very frequently and irrigation is not feasible, water harvesting is found to be very suitable.

While Water Harvesting in the Area Of Water Scare is Very Conducive to Crop Cultivation, the Rate of Adoption is Still Much Lower, for the Following Reasons:

Reluctance to preserve runoff areas that are clean and weedless.

High-cost participation.

Strong labor requirements for building and maintaining the facilities for water harvesting.

Small land availability for water-harvesting structure building.

In Addition to the Above Factors, There are also a Few Important Points that are Likely to Adversely Affect Water Harvesting:

High risk of damage to crops due to long-term stagnation of the area's water.

Increased risk of soil erosion and soil depletion in the catchment area.

Intensive soil erosion is possible in the region.

Rainwater harvesting can also be carried out on an industrial and household basis. You can provide your freshwater supply, reduce your water bill and make sure you never run out of water. All you need is sufficient equipment and knowledge of the rainwater harvesting process.

Lines for Speech on Rainwater Harvesting

Some of the lines are:

Rainwater Harvesting refers to the storage of rainwater in a pit or well that has been specially built for rainwater harvesting.

It is a mechanism in which the rainwater is not permitted to wash out, but is collected instead.

Rainwater irrigation, as it becomes scarce, is a way to sustain freshwater for summers.

The water obtained during the rainwater collection process is also passed through the percolation process.

Percolation is the process through which, before being processed, rainwater is passed through a natural filter system.

For many domestic and irrigation purposes, rainwater thus collected can be used.

The harvesting of rainwater also helps to recharge groundwater supplies.

Runoff water from the field is directed into specially built pits, wells, or tanks during rainwater harvesting.

The rainwater harvesting method has been used to conserve rainwater for decades.

Several ancient cities around the world were entirely dependent on rainwater harvesting.

FAQs on Speech on Rainwater Harvesting

1. What makes speech writing effective?

A speech is deemed to be effective if it conveys the core message of the speech. Students need to choose the core message of the speech wisely to be able to successfully deliver the speech. Research and understanding of the topic is an important element, once the student has researched and has a thorough understanding of the speech topic the same has to be planned in a structured layout to make an everlasting effect of the speech written and delivered.

2. What are the skills speech writing can develop?

Speechwriting can enhance a lot of skills in students. It allows students to think creatively and consider all different aspects of creating interest in the audience. Writing speech enhances critical thinking skills. It builds confidence in an individual and develops a personality. As a lot of research is involved in understanding the topic, students are able to improve their communication skills and at the same time develop the ability to research.

3. Where should you not use the Rainwater harvesting system?

Rainwater harvesting cannot be implemented in certain conditions where it is made out of asbestos sheeting. There is a possibility of unwanted and unsafe water being harvested if the rainwater harvesting system is installed. The water collected will be contaminated and not safe for human consumption as it could be caused to many health issues. The use of a Siphonic drainage system for collecting water from the roof can cause the flow of water through the pipe faster and result in faulty filtration. These are a few examples where it is best to avoid installing a rainwater harvesting system.

4. What are the components of a Rainwater harvesting system?

The rainwater harvesting system involves different components at various stages from transporting the rainwater through the pipes, filtering the water before storing it in tanks for reuse. There are 8 components involved - catchments, coarse mesh, gutter, conduits, first-flushing, filter, storage facility, and lastly recharge structure. All these different components have to function in order for the rainwater harvesting system to complete the entire process of using rainwater for reuse.

5. Why is rainwater harvesting an apt solution for densely populated regions?

Water scarcity has become a major problem in densely populated regions. These regions have a poor supply of water even for daily consumption. The industries also face shortcomings as the supply of water is of utmost importance in factories and companies to carry out basic functions. The scarcity of water is mainly faced during the dry season and hence adapting the rainwater harvesting system these regions can benefit by storing water for the dry season.

Geography - Class 10

Contemporary india-ii, chapter 3: water resources, question 1: multiple choice questions., (i) based on the information given below classify each of the situations as ‘suffering from water scarcity’ or ‘not suffering from water scarcity’..

(a) Region with high annual rainfall.

(b) Region having high annual rainfall and large population.

(c) Region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted.

(d) Region having low rainfall and low population.

(ii) Which one of the following statements is not an argument in favour of multipurpose river projects?

(a) Multi-purpose projects bring water to those areas which suffer from water scarcity.

(b) Multi-purpose projects by regulating water flow helps to control floods.

(c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood.

(d) Multi-purpose projects generate electricity for our industries and our homes.

(iii) Here are some false statements. Identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.

(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have helped in proper utilization of water resources.

(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does not affect the river’s natural flow and its sediment flow.

(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were not agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.

(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting has gained popularity despite high water availability due to the Indira Gandhi Canal.

(a) A region with high annual rainfall. - Not suffering from water scarcity

(b) A region having high annual rainfall and large population. - Suffering from water scarcity

(c) A region having high annual rainfall but water is highly polluted. - Suffering from water scarcity

(d) A region having low rainfall and low population - Not suffering from water scarcity

(ii) (c) Multi-purpose projects lead to large scale displacements and loss of livelihood

(a) Multiplying urban centres with large and dense populations and urban lifestyles have resulted in improper utilization of water resources.

(b) Regulating and damming of rivers does affect the river's natural flow and its sediment flow.

(c) In Gujarat, the Sabarmati basin farmers were agitated when higher priority was given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts.

(d) Today in Rajasthan, the practice of rooftop rainwater water harvesting popularity has declined due to high water availability from Indira Gandhi Canal.

Question 2: Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) explain how water becomes a renewable resource..

Answer : Water can be considered as a renewable resource as the groundwater and surface water is recharged continuously by rains due to the process involved in the hydrological cycle-

• Evaporations
• Condensation
• Precipitation

(ii) What is water scarcity and what are its main causes?

Answer : Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region. Following are its main causes-

• Growing population
• over-exploitation
• unequal distribution of water among social groups.

(iii) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of multi-purpose river projects.

Advantages:

• Electricity generation
• Flood control
• Water supply for industrial and domestic purposes.
• Tourist attraction
• Inland navigation

Disadvantages:

• The natural flow of water is affected
• Aquatic life gets affected
• Submergence of land in surrounding areas
• Ecological consequences
• Large scale displacement of local people.

Question 3: Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of rajasthan is carried out..

Answer : In the semi-arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks or tankas for storing drinking water. The tanks could be as large as a big room. The tankas were part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built inside the main house or the courtyard. They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. Rain falling on the rooftops would travel down the pipe and was stored in these underground tankas'. The first spell of rain was usually not collected as this would clean the roofs and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent showers was then collected. The rainwater can be stored in the tankas till the next rainfall making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up, particularly in the summers. Rainwater, or palar pani, as commonly referred to in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water.

(ii) Describe how modern adaptations of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.

Answer : Water harvesting system is a viable alternative, both socio-economically and environmentally. In ancient India, along with the sophisticated hydraulic structures, there existed an extraordinary tradition of water-harvesting system. People had in-depth knowledge of rainfall regimes and soil types and developed wide-ranging techniques to harvest rainwater, groundwater, river water and floodwater in keeping with the local ecological conditions and their water needs. In hill and mountainous regions, people built diversion channels like the 'guls' or 'kuls' of the Western Himalayas for agriculture. 'Rooftop rainwater harvesting' was commonly practiced to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan. In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields. In arid and semi- arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain-fed storage structures that allowed the water to stand and moisten the soil like the 'khadins' in Jaisalmer and Johads' in other parts of Rajasthan. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysuru, Karnataka, villagers have installed, in their household's rooftop, rainwater harvesting system to meet their water needs. Rooftop rainwater harvesting is the most common practice in Shillong, Meghalaya. It is interesting because Cherapunjee and Mawsynram situated at a distance of 55 km. from Shillong, receive the highest rainfall in the world. Nearly every household in the city has a rooftop rainwater harvesting structure. Nearly 15-25 per cent of the total water requirement of the household comes from rooftop water harvesting. Tamil Nadu is the first state in India which has made rooftop rainwater harvesting structure compulsory to all the houses across the state.

Intext Questions:

Question : from your everyday experiences, write a short proposal on how you can conserve water..

• Turn off the water while brushing your teeth.
• Check faucets and pipes for leaks.
• Take shorter showers.
• Water your lawn only when it needs it.
• Plant drought-resistant trees and plants.
• We should try to reuse our rainwater.
• When you drink water from a glass only take as much as you need.
• Put your dishwasher and washing machine on with full loads and on an eco-setting wherever possible.

Question : Find out more about any one traditional method of building dams and irrigation works.

Concrete dams will need a large quantity of ready concrete, so, a concrete batching plant is often built on site. Concrete is then transferred to the dam either using a system of conveyor belts or using trucks and cranes.

The traditional method of placing the concrete is to pour it into a formwork mould made in the required shape of the dam. The dam is built upwards 1-2 m at a time, and the concrete left to cure before the next section is formed on top.

Strip Irrigation Method:

In strip irrigation method, fields are divided into strips of different size. A boundary called ‘Med’ is formed to separate the strips. These strips are constructed according to the slope. The source of water is situated at the highest place in the field from where the whole field can get the flow of water.

The width of strips is decided as per quantity of water. More wastage of water is caused if strips are wider. Length of strip is decided by the slope of land and its structure. Effect of soil composition is also visible on it

Question : Make a list of inter-state water disputes.

• Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal
• Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal –I
• Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal
• Ravi & Beas Water Tribunal
• Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal
• Krishna Water Disputes Tribunal –II
• Vansadhara Water Disputes Tribunal
• Mahadayi Water Disputes Tribunal

Question : Collect information about flood prone areas of the country.

Answer : India, being a peninsular country and surrounded by the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal, is quite prone to flood. As per the Geological Survey of India (GSI), the major flood prone areas of India cover almost 12.5% area of the country.

The states falling within the periphery of "India Flood Prone Areas" are West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Assam, Bihar, Gujrat, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. The intense monsoon rains from southwest causes rivers like Brahmaputra, Ganga, Yamuna etc. to swell their banks, which in turn floods the adjacent areas. The major flood prone areas in India are the river banks and deltas of Ravi, Yamuna-Sahibi, Gandak, Sutlej, Ganga, Ghaggar, Kosi, Teesta, Brahmaputra, Mahanadi, Mahananda, Damodar, Godavari, Mayurakshi, Sabarmati and their tributaries.

Question : Find out other rainwater harvesting systems existing in and around your locality.

• Water Butt:

One of the most basic types of rainwater harvesting systems; water Butt collects rainwater in a container from natural rainfall and/or drain pipes. The collected water is used mainly for watering the garden.

• Retention Ponds:

Retention ponds are used to collect surface runoff water and improve the quality of water by natural processes like sedimentation, decomposition, solar disinfection, and soil filtration. The most common use of water collected and harvested by pond harvesting is watering livestock, however, it can also be used for groundwater recharge, irrigation or any other purpose other than potable uses.

• In-Ground Storage:

Underground storage tanks are very popular in areas where the majority of rainfall occurs in one single season. These underground tanks are insulated and have a very low rate of evaporation.

Question : Collect information on how industries are polluting our water resources.

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• CBSE Class 10 History Notes
• The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 History Notes Chapter 1
• Nationalism in India - CBSE Class 10 History Notes Chapter 2
• The Making of Global World Class 10 History Notes Chapter 3
• The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 History Notes Chapter 4
• Print Culture and the Modern World Class 10 Notes History Chapter 5

Class 10: Geography Notes

• CBSE Class 10 Geography Notes
• CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 1- Resources and Development
• CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 2- Forest and Wildlife Resources

CBSE Class 10 Geography Notes Chapter 3 : Water Resources

• CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 - Agriculture
• CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources
• Manufacturing Industries Class 10 Geography Notes Chapter 6
• CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 7- Lifelines of National Economy

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• Class 10 Political Science Notes
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• Chapter 7 Outcomes of Democracy : CBSE Notes Class 10 Political Science (Civics)

Class 10: Economics Notes

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• CBSE Class 10 Notes Economics Chapter 1: Development
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Water Resources is an important chapter in CBSE Class 10 Geography . Chapter 3 Geography covers the availability of freshwater resources on Earth and the causes of water scarcity in various regions. It also discusses the construction of dams on river banks and the positive and negative impacts of such constructions on the environment, society, and economy. Additionally, Chapter 3 highlights the importance of rainwater harvesting and its various methods to conserve water. It also discusses the significance of water management and the need for sustainable use of water resources.

In the water resources class 10 notes, the topic of water conservation is also going to be discussed. Chapter 3 – water resources notes cover all the necessary topics that are extremely important for the board examination of 2024. It can save you time and will positively affect your results.

Class 10 Geography Chapter 3: Water Resources

About three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water, but only a small proportion of the same accounts for the freshwater, which can be put to use. Water is one of the renewable resources.

Water Scarcity and Need for Water Conservation and Management

The availability of water resources tends to vary over space as well as time:

• Water scarcity is mainly caused because of over-exploitation as well as excessive use and also unequal access to water among the various social groups.
• Water resources are also being able to be over-exploited for the expansion of irrigated areas for dry-season agriculture.
• In certain areas, water is not available properly to the needs of the people. But certain areas still suffer from water scarcity because of the bad quality of water.

Need for Conservation and Management of Water Resources

• For safeguarding ourselves against health hazards.
• For ensuring food security, continuity of livelihoods, and also for productive forms of activities.
• For prevention of degradation of natural ecosystems.

Read More: Water, Water Scarcity and Need for Water Conservation and Management

2. Multi-Purpose River-projects and Integrated Water Resources Management

The conservation of water in ancient times was done by the construction of well-developed hydraulic structures such as dams which are built of stone rubble, reservoirs, embankments, and also canals for irrigation. The construction of dams in modern times is a contribution to continuing the tradition.

A dam refers to a barrier situated across the flow of water which obstructs, directs as well as retards the flow, by the creation of a reservoir, lake, or impoundment. Dam refers to the reservoir which is built rather than referring to the structure.

Uses Of Dams

Dams are built because of the following reasons:

• For impounding rivers as well as rainwater which can be used later for the irrigation of the agricultural fields.
• For the generation of electricity.
• For supply of water for uses of domestic as well as industrial uses.
• For controlling floods.
•  For recreation, inland navigation as well as breeding of fish.

Side Effects of Creating Dams

Some of the important side effects of the creation of dams are as follows:

• River regulation and damming alter their natural flow, resulting in poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the reservoir’s bottom, resulting in rockier stream beds and poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic life. 
• Dams also fragment rivers, making migration of aquatic fauna difficult, particularly for spawning. The reservoirs formed on the floodplains also submerge the existing vegetation and soil, causing it to decompose over time. Flooding was caused by sedimentation in the reservoir.
• Additionally, it was found that multipurpose projects contributed to pollution due to excessive water use, water-borne infections, and pests. Multi-purpose projects and large dams have also sparked many new social movements, such as the ‘Narmada Bachao Andolan’ and the ‘Tehri Dam Andolan’,  among others. There has been opposition to these initiatives.
• Local community eviction has been a key point of contention with these initiatives. For the benefit of the country as a whole, locals were regularly compelled to give up their land, means of subsistence, and restricted access to and control over resources.

Some of the major objections which have arisen are due to the failures in the achievement of the purposes because of which they were built. The construction of most of the dams was for controlling floods, but the dams many times triggered floods. Extensive soil erosion also seems to have been caused because of the dams. The excessive and merciless use of water has led to earthquakes and caused waterborne diseases as well as pollution and pests.

India Major Rivers and Dams Map

Major Rivers and Dams

Narmada Bachao Andolan

The Narmada Bachao or Save Narmada Movement refers to the Non-Governmental Organisation or NGO, which is responsible for the mobilization of the tribal people, farmers, environmentalists as well as human rights activists against the Sardar Sarovar Dam which is constructed across the Narmada River in Gujarat.

Originally, the focus was mostly on environmental issues which were in relation to trees, which would be submerged under the dam water, and at present, it has refocused the aim on enabling poor citizens, mostly the displaced people for getting full rehabilitation facilities from the government.

The majority of the criticisms leveled at the projects stemmed from their failure to achieve the goals for which they were designed. A water harvesting system was a viable socioeconomic and environmental option. Along with sophisticated hydraulic structures, ancient India had an extraordinary tradition of water-harvesting systems. In response to the local ecological conditions and water needs, a variety of techniques for harvesting rainwater, groundwater, river water, and flood water were developed.

Read More: Multi-Purpose River Projects and Integrated Water Resources Management

3. Rain Water Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting refers to the method by which rainfall is collected for the use in future. The rainwater which is collected can be stored and utilized in different ways or for direct use for recharging purposes.

Different types of rainwater harvesting are used and adopted in different areas:

• In hilly and mountainous areas, the people built diversion channels like that of ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’, of the western Himalayas for use in agriculture.
• “Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting” is used very commonly for practising storing drinking water, particularly in dry states like Rajasthan.
• In the flood plains of West Bengal, people have developed inundation channels for the irrigation of their fields.
• In the case of both arid and semi-arid areas, agricultural areas have been converted to rain-fed storage structures which have allowed the water to stand and also provide moisture to the soil, which is known as Khadins in Jaisalmer and also Johads in parts of Rajasthan.
• The tankas are important and well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting and are built mostly inside the main house or in the courtyard. Mainly practised in Rajasthan for saving rainwater, like in Bikaner and Barmer areas.

Tamil Nadu is one of the first states in India to make it compulsory for the construction of rooftop rainwater structures across the state and legal provisions are present for violation of the same.

Bamboo drip Irrigation System

Rainwater harvesting from rooftops is the most common practice in Shillong, Meghalaya. In Meghalaya, a 200-year-old method of drawing water from springs and streams using bamboo pipes is widely used. About 18-20 litres of water enter the bamboo pipe system, gets transported over hundreds of meters, and finally reduces to 20-80 drops per minute at the site of the plant. 

The bamboo channel sections direct water to the plant location where it is distributed into branches that are also constructed and set out using various bamboo pipe designs. The flow of water into the pipes is controlled by manipulating the pipe positions. Reduced channel sections and diversion units are used at the last stage of water application. The last channel section enables water to be dropped near the roots of the plant. Pipes are taken high above when they pass a road.

Read More: Rainwater Harvesting

FAQs CBSE Class 10 Political Science Notes Chapter 3: Water Resources

What is the origin of water.

The research provides information that the origin of water lies in the rocks with which the earth was formed.

Mention the different types of Condensation.

Some important types of condensation include : Fog, Mist, Frost and Dew.

Mention some methods which can be followed for proper water management.

Some important methods which can be followed for proper water management are as follows: Rainwater Harvest Groundwater Recharge Drip Irrigation

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Essay on Rain Water Harvesting for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Rain Water Harvesting Essay: Rainwater harvesting involves the collection and storage of rainwater into the natural reservoirs or artificial reservoirs in order to prevent the surface water runoff.

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Target Exam ---

Rainwater harvesting is a process of collecting and storing rain water for using it as a backup supply of fresh water to meet everyday domestic and agricultural requirements, especially when water becomes scarcely available. There are several methods by which we can collect rainwater flowing from our roof tops, ditches, gardens, fields, forests and other locations. These methods are discussed in detail in the following essays. Rainwater harvesting not only provides fresh water in difficult times but also prevent naturally occurring fresh water resources from drying up, by reducing the demand of water. Rainwater harvesting is the least we can do to maintain the supply of water and also to support life on earth.

Long and Short Essay on Rain Water Harvesting in English

We have provided variety of paragraph and essay on rain water harvesting under different words limit for the students. It is very important topic on which students may be assigned to write essay or paragraph on the rain water harvesting. You can select any rain water harvesting essay given below according to the need and requirement.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 1 (100 words)

Rain water harvesting is a technique used for collecting and storing rainwater by using various means in different resources for the future use purpose (like cultivation, etc). Rain water can be collected into the natural reservoirs or artificial tanks. Another method of collection is infiltration of surface water into the subsurface aquifers before getting lost by surface overflow.

Rooftop harvesting is also a method to collect rainwater. It is of big importance to the people living in the less rainfall areas. They can continue seasonal crop harvesting using collected rain water even in the lack of regular water supply. Whenever it rains, rain water gets collected into the man made ponds or tanks.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 2 (150 words)

Rain water harvesting is the collection of rainwater into the man made resources or any natural resource like pond, lake, etc at the same place where it falls from rooftops or ground. Two main techniques of rainwater harvesting are storage for future use and recharge into the ground. It can be used for crop harvesting, gardening, toilets, etc. Following are the benefits of rainwater harvesting at individual or city-wide level:

• It helps in reducing the water supply bills especially to the institutions.
• Rainwater recharged to the ground positively affects groundwater quality by diluting fluorides, nitrates and its salinity.
• It contains almost neutral pH and zero hardness which makes it more able to be used in homes, industries, institutions and other commercial establishments.
• It may reduce the stress of public water supply sources.
• Recharge of rainwater to the ground prevents sea-water immersion into the fresh water bodies in the coastal areas.
• It helps in controlling urban flooding if people do rainwater harvesting from rooftops.
• It reduces water demands of people from the municipality thus lessens energy consumption too in distributing water all through the city.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 3 (200 words)

Rainwater harvesting means collecting the rain water into the natural reservoirs or man-made tanks. It is the technique to collect and store rainwater for various purposes in the future. The most common and easy method of rain water harvesting is the rooftop harvesting. Using this technique we can collect lots of clean rain water in the rainy season. It can be stored for long time for the household purposes like gardening, livestock, and irrigation, etc. Following are benefits of rain water harvesting:

• It helps in reducing water supply loads and electricity bills of municipality, improve free water supply, crop production in rural areas, and thus lead to food security.
• Rain water harvesting system helps in reducing the insecurity of households or individuals in the rural areas.
• It provides easy and low cost water supply in the lack of water areas thus helps in food security and income generation.

Tamil Nadu is one of the states of India and now has been first Indian state where rainwater harvesting has been mandatory. Tamil Nadu state government has declared on 30 th of May 2014 to establish around 50,000 rainwater harvesting structures at various places in the Chennai. Till now, approximately 4,000 of the temples in the Tamilnadu have rain water tanks serving at various rituals in temples and help in recharging the groundwater.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 4 (250 words)

Every drop of rain water is like blessings of God to the people on the earth. Fresh rain water falls on the ground like pearls, so everyone should understand the importance of rain water especially in developing regions and rural areas lack of natural water resources.

We should try to collect rain water without wasting through rooftops and along streets run off. We should bring our old traditional harvesting practices using new and effective technologies to make easy water supply in all the regions. As only hand pumps, wells, and other resources of groundwater levels cannot fulfill the potable water need of hundreds of thousands of people.

Rainwater harvesting is the most sustainable and effective way for many years to make water available in the areas lacking water. Rainwater harvesting is very low cost method along with lots of benefits. It helps in various purposes like household works, field irrigation, livestock, agriculture and animal husbandry.

It helps in rejuvenating the groundwater levels in both directly and indirectly manner. Groundwater level can be replenished by rain water harvesting methods of trenches, anicut, dug wells, contour, etc whereas other rain water harvesting methods like underground water tanks, ponds, etc help in reducing the use of groundwater for at least four to six months. It is very effective in the hilly regions and desert regions of the India and other countries. More and clean rain water can be collected in the rainy season by making large and clean water body.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 5 (300 words)

Now-a-days, people have been depended on the government system of water supply for getting water for their every need. The present scenario of water management and distribution in the cities has been centralized by the government which has brought a big gap of community responsibility in water management. It has slowly but regularly finished the old traditional water harvesting system.

Rainwater harvesting is again a new but old and effective technique of collecting rain water during rainy season for future usage purpose. It is being frequently used in various places of India to overcome the problems of lack of water. Rain water harvesting is the good source of ground water recharge in natural way.

However, the ground water level is getting less day by day because of the rapid urbanization and cities development at huge level as well as reduction in percolation of the rainwater to the ground. Rainwater harvesting is the way to reduce the use of ground water as well as maintain its level forever in the future. It is of more importance to the drought regions of India and other countries to supply the demands of water for various purposes. Following are mentioned points proving the fact why to harvest rainwater:

• It plays great role in protecting the ground water decline and improving the ground water table.
• It helps in improving the water quality in aquifers.
• It is to conserve more water and prevent surface water runoff during the monsoon.
• It helps in reducing the soil erosion.
• It is to bring the old tradition of water conservation among people.

Rain water can be harvested in better way using following methods like surface runoff harvesting and roof top rainwater harvesting. Both are very effective methods help in enhancing the level of ground water and fulfill the need of water supply in easy and cost effective way.

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 6 (400 words)

Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rain water in the natural resources or artificially designed resources to prevent water runoff and fulfill the lack of water in future. The quantity of water harvesting is affected by the number of factors like frequency of rainfall, quantity of rainfall, way of collecting rain water, and size of resources to collect water. The ground water level is getting depleted day by day due to various reasons like deforestation and ecological imbalance.

Increasing level of urbanization and industrialization constantly increases the demand of water supply especially in the urban areas. It results in the overuse of ground water and thus going low level. The risk of water scarcity in the future has been increased to a great extent and can be life threatening if some effective solutions are not followed.

Water harvesting is very helpful and fulfill various need like recharging the ground water level, reduces electricity bill spend in supplying water and provide easy water supply anytime when required. It is estimated that 1 meter rise in the water level saves around 0.4 KWH of electricity.

Why Rain Water Harvesting is Necessary:

Rain water harvesting is very necessary to be practiced by the people in all regions. It is good to reduce the fear of water scarcity in the future. Following are the points proving the fact that why rain water harvesting is necessary:

• Surface water cannot fulfill the demand of water for various purposes.
• Everyone depend on the ground water for their every need.
• Deforestation, rapid urbanization, rain water infiltration to the sub-soil, etc reasons are continuously decreasing the level of ground water.
• Rain water conservation maintains the level of water in natural water resources.
• It reduces the chance of flooding of water on the roads, reduces the risk of soil erosion and improves the quality of water.

Following are main techniques of rain water harvesting:

• Collecting rainwater to the surface for future use.
• Recharging the ground water.

Collecting rain water to the surface is very effective and traditional technique. It can be done using small ponds, underground tanks, dams, weirs etc. However, ground water recharging technique is a new concept of harvesting. It can be done using dug wells, pits, trenches, hand pumps, recharge wells, recharge shafts, recharge lateral shafts with bore wells, spreading technique (means spread of water to the stream, nala, etc).

Rain Water Harvesting Essay 7 (800 words)

Introduction

Rainwater Harvesting is a method of storing rainwater, to be used in several domestic and agricultural activities. The basic idea is to not let the rainwater runoff and get wasted, rather to collect it by simple mechanism so that it can be used during scarcity of water. In the following essay we will explore the importance of rainwater harvesting, its methods and systems and how it is traditionally done in rural India. Below is a complete Essay on Rainwater Harvesting with Subheadings/Subtitles and Conclusion.

Rainwater Harvesting Methods/Rainwater Harvesting System

Primarily there are two types of rainwater harvesting methods as classified below-

1) Surface Runoff Harvesting

Surface runoff is a term used for precipitation that falls on the surface of earth and is subsequently lost to the environment. If elaborate arrangements are made to collect surface runoff water by providing it a path into a pond or tank; gallons of water could be stored to be used for several activities.

If designed efficiently, a system to collect surface runoff water can collect huge quantities of runoff from roads, parks, and gardens etc enough to sustain a small community or even a city. However, runoff water contains impurities; therefore, it must be passed through filtration process before it could be reused.

2) Roof Top Rainwater Harvesting

In roof top rainwater harvesting, the roof of a house or building functions as a catchment area for collecting rainwater. The water falling on the roof is diverted through a network or pipes to the desired pit or tank. It is by far the most economical and easy method of rainwater harvesting.

Houses or buildings with sloping roof can install gutters on the edges to collect the falling rain and to carry it to the destination using pipes or artificially created ditch. Though, care must be taken to flush out the water collected from first rain as it contains soluble impurities.

Rainwater Harvesting in India

In some places in India, still very traditional and ancient methods of rainwater harvesting are followed. These methods have proved successful in past and are still used in rural as well as urban India. Some of the significant traditional methods of rainwater harvesting in India are listed below-

This traditional method of rainwater harvesting is followed in tropical belt of southern states of Karnataka and Kerala. These regions are rich in laterite soil with naturally occurring depressions with three high sides. The three sides automatically function as the catchment area for collection of water in the depression. A small dam is constructed on the low lying fourth end of the depression to contain the runoff.

2) Surangaas

Surangas are traditional water harvesting system only used in Kasargod district of south Indian state of Kerala. The soil found in this region is hard laterite which is favorable for the construction of suranga (cave). Suranga is like a horizontal cave excavated in hilly terrain of the area, through which water oozes out and is thus collected in a pond. Though, this method is locally being used since centuries, it is sadly now gradually being replaced by bore wells.

Taankas are part of a traditional rainwater harvesting method practiced in the western state of Gujarat. Taankas are basically underground reservoirs with a capacity of storing thousands of liters of rainwater. Presently there are around ten thousand household in Gujarat’s capital city of Ahmadabad those are using taankas to meet their everyday water requirements. Water stored in a taanka is sealed against sunlight and therefore remains fresh for years.

Importance of Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting provides an independent source of water supply during the scarcity of water. It becomes more valuable in context to the places where rain is scarce and uncertain. Also, in areas where fresh water is a costly commodity, preserving rain water is more economical option. Rain water thus preserved can be used to meet several household requirements like – washing and cleaning, gardening etc.

In case of unforeseen natural calamities like famine and droughts, rainwater harvesting might prove to be a blessing for the sufferers. Another significance of rain water harvesting is that it reduces the demand of water from other natural resources like wells, ponds and lakes, thus, preventing their depletion.

Water is most essential and precious resource, necessary for life on the planet. It can’t be wasted and every drop of it must be preserved to be reused in need. Rains on the other hand are vital source of fresh water, only if we have elaborate arrangements to collect it. Here, begins the concept of “Rainwater Harvesting”. Every year we lose thousands of liters of rainwater due to the lack of awareness about rainwater harvesting. It’s high time that we realize its usefulness to the nature and to the society as well and start implementing it in our house, buildings, parks, for a safe and water abundant future.

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India’s Silicon Valley Faces a Water Crisis That Software Cannot Solve

Bengaluru gets plenty of rain. But the city did not properly adapt as its soaring population strained traditional water sources.

Filling up with subsidized water at a government distribution center in the Indian city of Bengaluru, also known as Bangalore. Credit...

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By Damien Cave

Photographs by Atul Loke

Reporting from Bengaluru, India

• March 31, 2024

The water tankers seeking to fill their bellies bounced past the dry lakes of India’s booming technology capital. Their bleary-eyed drivers waited in line to suck what they could from wells dug a mile deep into dusty lots between app offices and apartment towers named for bougainvillea — all built before sewage and water lines could reach them.

At one well, where neighbors lamented the loss of a mango grove, a handwritten logbook listed the water runs of a crisis: 3:15 and 4:10 one morning; 12:58, 2:27 and 3:29 the next.

“I get 50 calls a day,” said Prakash Chudegowda, a tanker driver in south Bengaluru, also known as Bangalore, as he connected a hose to the well. “I can only get to 15.”

The Silicon Valley of South Asia has a nature issue — a pain point that software cannot solve. In the sprawl beyond Bengaluru’s core, where dreams of tech riches usually grow, schools lack water to flush toilets. Washing machines have gone quiet. Showers are being postponed, and children with only dirty water to drink are being hospitalized with typhoid fever.

The big problem afflicting Bengaluru is not a lack of rain (it gets plenty, about as much as Seattle), but rather what often holds this giant, energetic nation back: arthritic governance. As the city rushed toward the digital future, tripling its population to 15 million since the 1990s and building a lively tech ecosystem, water management fell behind and never caught up as otherwise healthy aquifers were drawn dry by the unchecked spread of urban bore wells.

Failures of environmental stewardship are common across a country with severe pollution and an acute need for economic growth to provide for 1.4 billion people, spanning political parties an India’s north-south divide . But Bengaluru’s water struggle is especially withering for many — and motivating for some who have water sales or reform in mind — because the city sees itself as an innovator. And in this case, the causes and solutions are well known.

“There is no crisis of water availability,” said Vishwanath Srikantaiah, a water researcher and urban planner in Bengaluru. “It’s a clear-cut crisis of state failure.”

Viewed another way, he added in an interview at his home, where books about water and rivers were stacked nearly to the ceiling, it is a crisis caused by a lack of imagination.

As public policy experts tell it, Bengaluru and the broader state of Karnataka have been too slow to plan for growth, too divided across agencies and too rigid in their reliance on pumping water uphill from reservoirs along the Kaveri River more than 50 miles away.

Despite a long history of local hydrology — Nadaprabhu Kempegowda, the 16th-century founder of Bengaluru, built hundreds of cascading lakes for irrigation — officials have mostly stuck with the traditional engineering option that their predecessors turned to in the 1950s and ’60s.

That is the case despite its challenges and expense. The energy cost alone for pumping eats up 75 percent of the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board’s revenue, while supplying only around half of what the city needs.

The rest, for decades, has come from bore wells — holes about six inches wide that act like straws for water from aquifers below. An authority separate from the water board has punched 14,000 of them into the ground, half of which are now dry, according to officials. Experts estimate that residents have drilled another 450,000 to 500,000 into the cityscape, without the government knowing where or having a clear sense of their impact.

In much of the city, the wells are like doorbells, plentiful but seemingly invisible until someone points them out. Drilling failures appear as cutout circles on quieter streets; successes are often covered in flowers, with a black hose snaking into a home down the street.

Spending a day in the cab of Mr. Chudegowda’s tanker truck offered a glimpse of how the ad hoc system works. At one stop, drivers wrote their times in a logbook while cameras watched how much they took. At another the supply was slow and organized: A half-dozen drivers took 20-minute turns for fill-ups of around 6,000 liters, or about 1,600 gallons, just a few steps from a lake depleted to a puddle. At a third, a building owner sold a load to Mr. Chudegowda without the wait.

“Every minute counts,” he said as he climbed out of the truck.

His customers ranged from a bra factory with 100 workers to a small apartment building, all within a few miles to maximize profit. He charged each up to 1,500 rupees ($18) for each tanker load, more than double the going rate from a few months ago, which he considered justified because costs had gone up.

Drills — easily hired from companies with storefronts across the city — often fail to find water or have to go deeper now, which means more electricity and gas for the pumps pulling precious liquid from the earth.

The effects, while not at “Dune”-like levels, have become more visible in recent weeks, especially in the tech corridors, with their blur of luxury apartments, slums, mobile phone stores, malls, in vitro fertilization clinics and shimmering offices.

In Whitefield, a busy software hub, Sumedha Rao, a teacher at a new public school, offered to ask her class of 12-year-olds about their experiences with water scarcity. The hallways were painted in bright colors with words of encouragement — resilience, citizenship, collaboration. In class, they were asked how often they have water at home.

“One day a week, ma’am,” said a girl with pigtails.

“We just have a bucket,” said a boy near the back.

“There’s no water in the bore wells,” shouted another.

Many take small amounts of drinking water from school taps for their families — only one water bottle per child, because it is all the school can spare. Behind a play area the color and consistency of ground ginger sat a hulking pile of metal: a broken bore well.

“The motor stopped working,” said Shekar Venkataswamy, a physical education teacher with a brigand’s mustache.

Walking toward his home behind the school, he pointed to a dry hole where drilling failed, and one where it worked. A few thousand families take turns using the water for an hour each, with an elaborate schedule that is tightly managed.

Community leaders expressed pride in how they were handling the crisis, softening the blows of sacrifice. Many others have been inspired to broader action.

One morning, four tech workers who had become water activists showed up in a northern corner of the city where Mr. Srikantaiah, the water researcher, had worked with the local community to rejuvenate a once trash-strewn lake. A small network of gurgling filters and pipes sends out 200,000 liters of potable water per day.

“It will soon be 600,000,” Mr. Srikantaiah said. And the price per customer: nearly a third of what tanker drivers are charging.

The tech workers said they planned to share the details with neighbors and officials, to spread the word that a lake, using rainwater and lightly treated sewage, could be turned into a safe, affordable, reliable water source.

In an interview at his office, the chairman of the water board, Ram Prasath Manohara, 43, a seasoned government administrator installed three months ago, embraced the idea.

Acknowledging that some past officials had thought narrowly about water management, he said he hoped to attract public and private money for a more innovative approach, mixing data-driven methods that would revive lakes to let aquifers recharge and would expand rainwater harvesting and conservation.

“We’re going for a greener solution,” he said. “A more effective solution.”

So far, though, progress has been slow. He has not been able to hire any additional staff, he said, and he is working from 6 a.m. to 2 a.m. every day.

Short-term relief, he prays, will come in the next few weeks, with reservoir water extended to more parts of the city and the expected spring rains. Most of all, like many others in India’s Silicon Valley, he hopes all the public attention to water scarcity will add momentum for long-term change.

In one corner of his offices, a quote from Benjamin Franklin had been printed on a piece of paper and pasted to a window: “When the well is dry, we know the worth of water.”

“This crisis,” he said, rubbing his tired eyes, “it gives us an opportunity.”

Imran Khan Pathan contributed reporting.

Damien Cave is an international correspondent for The Times, covering the Indo-Pacific region. He is based in Sydney, Australia.  More about Damien Cave

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Essay Rainwater Harvesting

Introduction

We often tell our children that water is precious and that we must not waste it. But have you wondered how many gallons of water are wasted during the rains? We get torrential downpours in the rainy season, and this water is washed away without finding any actual purpose. Through the essay rainwater harvesting, we can teach children the importance and benefits of preserving rainwater.

Though it is true that rains nourish plants and trees and help in their growth, it is disturbing to note how much rainwater is run through the drains. Rainwater harvesting is a method of collecting and storing rainwater to use for later purposes. This method of conserving water is highly beneficial considering the situation of water scarcity that we are facing today. The following essay on rainwater harvesting PDF will briefly discuss it, and children will be able to easily write a short essay on rainwater harvesting.

Importance of Rainwater Harvesting

Water scarcity is the greatest concern now, and it is even assumed that the next war will be fought for water. Hence, it is vital to preserve the water we get through the rain as it is essential for our sustenance. With the help of this essay on rainwater harvesting PDF, we will be able to understand the significance of rainwater harvesting.

Rainwater harvesting is a simple and the most economical way of water conservation . We find it difficult to meet our daily water needs if we rely only on surface water. Besides, most of the water we get is polluted, which adds to the problem of water scarcity. By harvesting rainwater, we can ensure that water will be at our hand’s reach to meet our demands.

The short essay on rainwater harvesting points out that the excessive use of groundwater by people leads to its shortage. Deforestation and urbanisation are also contributing factors to this problem. Hence, there must be an alternative solution to maintain the level of groundwater. Rainwater is the purest form of water, and it can be utilised for several purposes. Rainwater harvesting also prevents the logging of water on roads and soil erosion. Thus, the essay rainwater harvesting emphasises that rainwater harvesting is the best alternative to conserve water.

Methods of Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is a feasible and simple method that anyone can practise. In this part of the essay rainwater harvesting, we will see different methods of harvesting rainwater. We will also discuss surface runoff harvesting and rooftop rainwater harvesting methods in this short essay on rainwater harvesting.

In surface runoff harvesting, we collect the water that is runoff from the surface by making a pathway to a big storage tank. The water collected from roads, parks and gardens can be stored for a long period in large amounts, which can be later used for cooking or drinking after filtering properly. For rooftop harvesting, the roof of a house or building acts as a rainwater collecting and storage unit. The roof is fitted with pipes that collect rainwater and direct it to a tank. Instead of letting the rainwater fall on the ground, this method is convenient for conserving water.

Children will be able to realise the importance of rainwater harvesting through this short essay on rainwater harvesting. You can easily download the essay on rainwater harvesting PDF from our website. Apart from the essay rainwater harvesting, we have a lot more interesting content for kids learning .

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purpose of rainwater harvesting.

As the country is facing water scarcity, we must prevent the wastage of water and preserve it. Rainwater harvesting is a simple technique to conserve water that does not cost us anything.

How can we harvest rainwater?

We can harvest rainwater either through surface runoff or rooftop harvesting, in which rainwater is collected in a tank, which is then filtered to remove impurities and further use for various purposes.

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