APA 7th Edition Citation Guide
- APA 7th Edition Home
- Formatting the Paper Itself
- When and What to Cite
In-Text: Multiple Authors
- In-Text: First and Subsequent Citations
- In-Text: Authors and Dates Matching
- In-Text: Direct Quotations
- In-Text: Secondary Sources
- Reference Examples: Print
- Reference Examples: Electronic
- Reference Examples: Audiovisual Media
- Step 1: Author (Names)
- Step 2: Date
- Step 3: Titles
- Step 4: Source
- Help and Training
- Related Guides
This citation guide is based on The Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed., 2020). The contents are accurate to the best of our knowledge.
Content in this guide was copied with permission from Bethel University (TN) Library .
How to Use This Guide
Citations in APA style include two parts: (1) in-text citations, which are connected to (2) reference list citations.
This guide will help you create in-text citations that correlate with the corresponding reference list citations. Please see Reference Examples for more details on the reference list.
Note: All sources that are cited in the text must appear in the reference list at the end of the paper except for Personal Communications and similar unrecoverable sources.
Multiple Authors
If you are citing a source that has multiple authors, follow these basic steps.
Two Authors
Always cite both authors' names in-text every time you reference them.
Johnson and Smith (2009) found...
Three or More Authors
If a document has three or more authors, simply provide the last name of the first author with "et al." from the first citation to the last.
Thomas et al. (2007) likened abnormal psychology to...
... distractions (Thomas et al., 2007).
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- Last Updated: Feb 16, 2024 4:01 PM
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Citations in APA style include two parts: (1) in-text citations, which are connected to (2) reference list citations. This guide will help you create in-text citations that correlate with the corresponding reference list citations. Please see Reference Examples for more details on the reference list.