discuss in psychology essay

How to Write a Psychology Essay

Saul Mcleod, PhD

Editor-in-Chief for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester

Saul Mcleod, PhD., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years of experience in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

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Olivia Guy-Evans, MSc

Associate Editor for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MSc Psychology of Education

Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology. She has previously worked in healthcare and educational sectors.

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Before you write your essay, it’s important to analyse the task and understand exactly what the essay question is asking. Your lecturer may give you some advice – pay attention to this as it will help you plan your answer.

Next conduct preliminary reading based on your lecture notes. At this stage, it’s not crucial to have a robust understanding of key theories or studies, but you should at least have a general “gist” of the literature.

After reading, plan a response to the task. This plan could be in the form of a mind map, a summary table, or by writing a core statement (which encompasses the entire argument of your essay in just a few sentences).

After writing your plan, conduct supplementary reading, refine your plan, and make it more detailed.

It is tempting to skip these preliminary steps and write the first draft while reading at the same time. However, reading and planning will make the essay writing process easier, quicker, and ensure a higher quality essay is produced.

Components of a Good Essay

Now, let us look at what constitutes a good essay in psychology. There are a number of important features.

• Global Structure – structure the material to allow for a logical sequence of ideas. Each paragraph / statement should follow sensibly from its predecessor. The essay should “flow”. The introduction, main body and conclusion should all be linked.
• Each paragraph should comprise a main theme, which is illustrated and developed through a number of points (supported by evidence).
• Knowledge and Understanding – recognize, recall, and show understanding of a range of scientific material that accurately reflects the main theoretical perspectives.
• Critical Evaluation – arguments should be supported by appropriate evidence and/or theory from the literature. Evidence of independent thinking, insight, and evaluation of the evidence.
• Quality of Written Communication – writing clearly and succinctly with appropriate use of paragraphs, spelling, and grammar. All sources are referenced accurately and in line with APA guidelines.

In the main body of the essay, every paragraph should demonstrate both knowledge and critical evaluation.

There should also be an appropriate balance between these two essay components. Try to aim for about a 60/40 split if possible.

Most students make the mistake of writing too much knowledge and not enough evaluation (which is the difficult bit).

It is best to structure your essay according to key themes. Themes are illustrated and developed through a number of points (supported by evidence).

Choose relevant points only, ones that most reveal the theme or help to make a convincing and interesting argument.

Knowledge and Understanding

Remember that an essay is simply a discussion / argument on paper. Don’t make the mistake of writing all the information you know regarding a particular topic.

You need to be concise, and clearly articulate your argument. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences.

Each paragraph should have a purpose / theme, and make a number of points – which need to be support by high quality evidence. Be clear why each point is is relevant to the argument. It would be useful at the beginning of each paragraph if you explicitly outlined the theme being discussed (.e.g. cognitive development, social development etc.).

Try not to overuse quotations in your essays. It is more appropriate to use original content to demonstrate your understanding.

Psychology is a science so you must support your ideas with evidence (not your own personal opinion). If you are discussing a theory or research study make sure you cite the source of the information.

Note this is not the author of a textbook you have read – but the original source / author(s) of the theory or research study.

For example:

Bowlby (1951) claimed that mothering is almost useless if delayed until after two and a half to three years and, for most children, if delayed till after 12 months, i.e. there is a critical period.

Maslow (1943) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is fulfilled a person seeks to fullfil the next one, and so on.

As a general rule, make sure there is at least one citation (i.e. name of psychologist and date of publication) in each paragraph.

Remember to answer the essay question. Underline the keywords in the essay title. Don’t make the mistake of simply writing everything you know of a particular topic, be selective. Each paragraph in your essay should contribute to answering the essay question.

Critical Evaluation

In simple terms, this means outlining the strengths and limitations of a theory or research study.

There are many ways you can critically evaluate:

Methodological evaluation of research

Is the study valid / reliable ? Is the sample biased, or can we generalize the findings to other populations? What are the strengths and limitations of the method used and data obtained?

Be careful to ensure that any methodological criticisms are justified and not trite.

Rather than hunting for weaknesses in every study; only highlight limitations that make you doubt the conclusions that the authors have drawn – e.g., where an alternative explanation might be equally likely because something hasn’t been adequately controlled.

Compare or contrast different theories

Outline how the theories are similar and how they differ. This could be two (or more) theories of personality / memory / child development etc. Also try to communicate the value of the theory / study.

Debates or perspectives

Refer to debates such as nature or nurture, reductionism vs. holism, or the perspectives in psychology . For example, would they agree or disagree with a theory or the findings of the study?

What are the ethical issues of the research?

Does a study involve ethical issues such as deception, privacy, psychological or physical harm?

Gender bias

If research is biased towards men or women it does not provide a clear view of the behavior that has been studied. A dominantly male perspective is known as an androcentric bias.

Cultural bias

Is the theory / study ethnocentric? Psychology is predominantly a white, Euro-American enterprise. In some texts, over 90% of studies have US participants, who are predominantly white and middle class.

Does the theory or study being discussed judge other cultures by Western standards?

Animal Research

This raises the issue of whether it’s morally and/or scientifically right to use animals. The main criterion is that benefits must outweigh costs. But benefits are almost always to humans and costs to animals.

Animal research also raises the issue of extrapolation. Can we generalize from studies on animals to humans as their anatomy & physiology is different from humans?

The PEC System

It is very important to elaborate on your evaluation. Don’t just write a shopping list of brief (one or two sentence) evaluation points.

Instead, make sure you expand on your points, remember, quality of evaluation is most important than quantity.

When you are writing an evaluation paragraph, use the PEC system.

• Make your P oint.
• E xplain how and why the point is relevant.
• Discuss the C onsequences / implications of the theory or study. Are they positive or negative?

For Example

• Point: It is argued that psychoanalytic therapy is only of benefit to an articulate, intelligent, affluent minority.
• Explain: Because psychoanalytic therapy involves talking and gaining insight, and is costly and time-consuming, it is argued that it is only of benefit to an articulate, intelligent, affluent minority. Evidence suggests psychoanalytic therapy works best if the client is motivated and has a positive attitude.
• Consequences: A depressed client’s apathy, flat emotional state, and lack of motivation limit the appropriateness of psychoanalytic therapy for depression.

Furthermore, the levels of dependency of depressed clients mean that transference is more likely to develop.

Using Research Studies in your Essays

Research studies can either be knowledge or evaluation.

• If you refer to the procedures and findings of a study, this shows knowledge and understanding.
• If you comment on what the studies shows, and what it supports and challenges about the theory in question, this shows evaluation.

Writing an Introduction

It is often best to write your introduction when you have finished the main body of the essay, so that you have a good understanding of the topic area.

If there is a word count for your essay try to devote 10% of this to your introduction.

Ideally, the introduction should;

Identify the subject of the essay and define the key terms. Highlight the major issues which “lie behind” the question. Let the reader know how you will focus your essay by identifying the main themes to be discussed. “Signpost” the essay’s key argument, (and, if possible, how this argument is structured).

Introductions are very important as first impressions count and they can create a h alo effect in the mind of the lecturer grading your essay. If you start off well then you are more likely to be forgiven for the odd mistake later one.

Writing a Conclusion

So many students either forget to write a conclusion or fail to give it the attention it deserves.

If there is a word count for your essay try to devote 10% of this to your conclusion.

Ideally the conclusion should summarize the key themes / arguments of your essay. State the take home message – don’t sit on the fence, instead weigh up the evidence presented in the essay and make a decision which side of the argument has more support.

Also, you might like to suggest what future research may need to be conducted and why (read the discussion section of journal articles for this).

Don”t include new information / arguments (only information discussed in the main body of the essay).

If you are unsure of what to write read the essay question and answer it in one paragraph.

Points that unite or embrace several themes can be used to great effect as part of your conclusion.

The Importance of Flow

Obviously, what you write is important, but how you communicate your ideas / arguments has a significant influence on your overall grade. Most students may have similar information / content in their essays, but the better students communicate this information concisely and articulately.

When you have finished the first draft of your essay you must check if it “flows”. This is an important feature of quality of communication (along with spelling and grammar).

This means that the paragraphs follow a logical order (like the chapters in a novel). Have a global structure with themes arranged in a way that allows for a logical sequence of ideas. You might want to rearrange (cut and paste) paragraphs to a different position in your essay if they don”t appear to fit in with the essay structure.

To improve the flow of your essay make sure the last sentence of one paragraph links to first sentence of the next paragraph. This will help the essay flow and make it easier to read.

Finally, only repeat citations when it is unclear which study / theory you are discussing. Repeating citations unnecessarily disrupts the flow of an essay.

Referencing

The reference section is the list of all the sources cited in the essay (in alphabetical order). It is not a bibliography (a list of the books you used).

In simple terms every time you cite/refer to a name (and date) of a psychologist you need to reference the original source of the information.

If you have been using textbooks this is easy as the references are usually at the back of the book and you can just copy them down. If you have been using websites, then you may have a problem as they might not provide a reference section for you to copy.

References need to be set out APA style :

Author, A. A. (year). Title of work . Location: Publisher.

Journal Articles

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number (issue number), page numbers

A simple way to write your reference section is use Google scholar . Just type the name and date of the psychologist in the search box and click on the “cite” link.

Next, copy and paste the APA reference into the reference section of your essay.

Once again, remember that references need to be in alphabetical order according to surname.

How to Answer a Discuss Essay

When an essay title includes the word ‘Discuss’, this means that you are being asked to debate the subject of the essay. In other words, you need to be able to demonstrate that you have understood and evaluated both sides of the topic, problem, or opposing views in a theoretical perspective. At the same time, you need to be able to show, through rational evaluation of the evidence why you favour a particular view.

From this definition, it is clear that a ‘discuss’ essay is looking for balance, not bias or persuasion. In other words, the essay is not starting from one perspective and aiming to confirm this. Rather the intent of a ‘discuss’ essay is to deliver a work that clearly separates facts and opinions. The skills required for this include paraphrasing, summation, and the clear evaluation of different viewpoints. Common titles for a discuss essay include the format “AI is killing natural innovation from engineers. Discuss”, “Highlight and examine the advantages and disadvantages of home schooling for toddlers”, “Examine the arguments for and against the widespread mandatory delivery of the Covid-19 vaccine”. All of these titles require a discuss essay to be produced.

• A discuss essay of the highest standard will be logical, flow well and make arguments and statements based on knowledge and evidence, covering all perspectives.
• You should include all the most important (key) factors or issues in a subject area, highlighting where there is debate over these, ensuring that both sides of the argument are presented.
• Make statements and deliberations that are based only on credible and viable research, that has been previously well presented.

Structure of a Discuss Essay

Introduction.

In all essays the best introductions are those which draw in the reader with a strong statement from the outset.  The remainder of the introduction should give a brief indication of the subject being covered, the key points that will be discussed, and if you wish, anticipated conclusions. You should also incorporate any acronyms, or industry specific terms that will be covered in the essay.

Main Body of the work

The main body (or the meat of the essay) should be divided into separate paragraphs that each cover one distinct point or statement.  A discuss essay requires presentation of evidence, so each paragraph should be focused on one point with both for and against perspectives, before a final summary point identifying one or the other as being justified.  In all cases, any points made should be backed up by evidence, correctly cited and referenced at the end of your work.

Important point: The evidence provided, and references cited should only come from valid, credible sources, preferably peer-reviewed articles, and fully referenced. It is vital to ensure that the views expressed are not opinions but have been delivered based on evidence of wider reading in the field.

To ensure a logical flow, you should raise the main or key points of an arguments first, and then move onto sub-arguments, ensuring that all the paragraphs are well linked to deliver a cohesive, essay that flows in a logical way.

A discuss essay conclusion should contain two elements.  Firstly, a summary of the core ideas, returning to the evidence presented and the points made, along with an indication of which you believe delivered the strongest arguments for or against the statement in the title.

Secondly, a discuss essay should give your opinion, which should be grounded in the presented evidence, to demonstrate your ability to draw a conclusion from the data considered.  In other words, following an internal debate with yourself, evaluating the information available, you should demonstrate that you have an informed opinion on the subject under discussion.

To help you in the construction of your discussion essay, we have put together a list of key words and phrases that can be used to ensure you deliver a first-class piece of work.

Key Discussion Essay Vocabulary

When presenting evidence:.

• It is suggested that…
• Evidence available indicates that….
• It has been indicated that…
• Aspects of the work suggest that…
• The evidence presented supports the view that…
• The evidence presented however overlooks…
• Closer examination suggests….

For summarising, the following phrases are useful:

• The most important

When introducing an opinion:

• There is no doubt that…
• A key argument in favour is that…
• I believe that…

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• How to Write a Discussion Section | Tips & Examples

How to Write a Discussion Section | Tips & Examples

Published on August 21, 2022 by Shona McCombes . Revised on July 18, 2023.

The discussion section is where you delve into the meaning, importance, and relevance of your results .

It should focus on explaining and evaluating what you found, showing how it relates to your literature review and paper or dissertation topic , and making an argument in support of your overall conclusion. It should not be a second results section.

There are different ways to write this section, but you can focus your writing around these key elements:

• Summary : A brief recap of your key results
• Interpretations: What do your results mean?
• Implications: Why do your results matter?
• Limitations: What can’t your results tell us?
• Recommendations: Avenues for further studies or analyses

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Table of contents

What not to include in your discussion section, step 1: summarize your key findings, step 2: give your interpretations, step 3: discuss the implications, step 4: acknowledge the limitations, step 5: share your recommendations, discussion section example, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about discussion sections.

There are a few common mistakes to avoid when writing the discussion section of your paper.

• Don’t introduce new results: You should only discuss the data that you have already reported in your results section .
• Don’t make inflated claims: Avoid overinterpretation and speculation that isn’t directly supported by your data.
• Don’t undermine your research: The discussion of limitations should aim to strengthen your credibility, not emphasize weaknesses or failures.

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Start this section by reiterating your research problem and concisely summarizing your major findings. To speed up the process you can use a summarizer to quickly get an overview of all important findings. Don’t just repeat all the data you have already reported—aim for a clear statement of the overall result that directly answers your main research question . This should be no more than one paragraph.

Many students struggle with the differences between a discussion section and a results section . The crux of the matter is that your results sections should present your results, and your discussion section should subjectively evaluate them. Try not to blend elements of these two sections, in order to keep your paper sharp.

• The results indicate that…
• The study demonstrates a correlation between…
• This analysis supports the theory that…
• The data suggest that…

The meaning of your results may seem obvious to you, but it’s important to spell out their significance for your reader, showing exactly how they answer your research question.

The form of your interpretations will depend on the type of research, but some typical approaches to interpreting the data include:

• Identifying correlations , patterns, and relationships among the data
• Discussing whether the results met your expectations or supported your hypotheses
• Contextualizing your findings within previous research and theory
• Explaining unexpected results and evaluating their significance
• Considering possible alternative explanations and making an argument for your position

You can organize your discussion around key themes, hypotheses, or research questions, following the same structure as your results section. Alternatively, you can also begin by highlighting the most significant or unexpected results.

• In line with the hypothesis…
• Contrary to the hypothesized association…
• The results contradict the claims of Smith (2022) that…
• The results might suggest that x . However, based on the findings of similar studies, a more plausible explanation is y .

As well as giving your own interpretations, make sure to relate your results back to the scholarly work that you surveyed in the literature review . The discussion should show how your findings fit with existing knowledge, what new insights they contribute, and what consequences they have for theory or practice.

Ask yourself these questions:

• Do your results support or challenge existing theories? If they support existing theories, what new information do they contribute? If they challenge existing theories, why do you think that is?
• Are there any practical implications?

Your overall aim is to show the reader exactly what your research has contributed, and why they should care.

• These results build on existing evidence of…
• The results do not fit with the theory that…
• The experiment provides a new insight into the relationship between…
• These results should be taken into account when considering how to…
• The data contribute a clearer understanding of…
• While previous research has focused on  x , these results demonstrate that y .

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Even the best research has its limitations. Acknowledging these is important to demonstrate your credibility. Limitations aren’t about listing your errors, but about providing an accurate picture of what can and cannot be concluded from your study.

Limitations might be due to your overall research design, specific methodological choices , or unanticipated obstacles that emerged during your research process.

Here are a few common possibilities:

• If your sample size was small or limited to a specific group of people, explain how generalizability is limited.
• If you encountered problems when gathering or analyzing data, explain how these influenced the results.
• If there are potential confounding variables that you were unable to control, acknowledge the effect these may have had.

After noting the limitations, you can reiterate why the results are nonetheless valid for the purpose of answering your research question.

• The generalizability of the results is limited by…
• The reliability of these data is impacted by…
• Due to the lack of data on x , the results cannot confirm…
• The methodological choices were constrained by…
• It is beyond the scope of this study to…

Based on the discussion of your results, you can make recommendations for practical implementation or further research. Sometimes, the recommendations are saved for the conclusion .

Suggestions for further research can lead directly from the limitations. Don’t just state that more studies should be done—give concrete ideas for how future work can build on areas that your own research was unable to address.

• Further research is needed to establish…
• Future studies should take into account…
• Avenues for future research include…

If you want to know more about AI for academic writing, AI tools, or research bias, make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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In the discussion , you explore the meaning and relevance of your research results , explaining how they fit with existing research and theory. Discuss:

• Your  interpretations : what do the results tell us?
• The  implications : why do the results matter?
• The  limitation s : what can’t the results tell us?

The results chapter or section simply and objectively reports what you found, without speculating on why you found these results. The discussion interprets the meaning of the results, puts them in context, and explains why they matter.

In qualitative research , results and discussion are sometimes combined. But in quantitative research , it’s considered important to separate the objective results from your interpretation of them.

In a thesis or dissertation, the discussion is an in-depth exploration of the results, going into detail about the meaning of your findings and citing relevant sources to put them in context.

The conclusion is more shorter and more general: it concisely answers your main research question and makes recommendations based on your overall findings.

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Command Terms and Definitions

Travis Dixon October 25, 2016 Assessment (IB) , Revision and Exam Preparation

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Updated Aug, 2020

The command terms are the verbs at the start of IB exam questions. While they be important, they are actually far less important than many people think. 

Command terms in SAQs

Get more exam tips, example SAQs and study resources for the “additional terms” with this downloadable PDF.

Short-answer questions (SAQs) may use one of three command terms in IB Psychology exams: outline, describe and explain. However, you don’t need to worry about the differences in these terms. This video I made helps you to understand how to answer any SAQ , regardless of the command term.

Command terms in Essays

There are four possible command terms that might be used in essays: discuss, evaluate, to what extent and contrast (see definitions below). What’s far more important than knowing the command terms, however, is knowing the expectations of essay answer. All essays need to show knowledge and understanding, use of evidence (studies) and critical thinking. The links below will help students understand how to score high marks on their essays by meeting all of these requirements.

Critical Thinking:  The biggest difference between essay command terms and SAQs is that they require critical thinking, which includes alternative explanations, evaluating studies, areas of uncertainty, etc.

READ MORE: Three rules of three for essay writing ( Blog Post Link ) Essay writing tips ( Video Link ) Essay writing advice – counter arguments ( Blog Post Link ) Three things all essays should have ( Blog Post Link )

Discuss/Evaluate:  What’s the difference between “discuss” and “evaluate?” In this blog post, I argue that there is no actual difference between discuss and evaluate and this can be demonstrated quite easily.

To what extent:  This is most commonly asked about a variable (e.g. hormone/gene/emotion) affecting a behaviour. For example, “to what extent do pheromones influence human behaviour?”

Contrast:  This is asking for an explanation of differences between two things. For example, contrasting two explanations for a psychological disorder or two models of memory.

Fun Fact:  The command term “comment” was originally in the IB Psychology guide but it was taken out because it never actually appeared in any assessments – this just goes to show how irrelevant the command terms are to IB assessments. 

Command terms in Paper 3 (HL Only)

The command terms used in Paper 3 are identity, outline, describe, explain and discuss. However, like SAQs and essays, what’s  far  more important than knowing command terms is understanding the requirements of the question. Our textbooks (available here) have all the tips and advice you need to know for Paper 3 questions. There are also lots of videos and blog posts for Paper Three.

READ MORE: PAPER THREE Questions 1a,b,c ( Blog Post Link) Paper Three – Quick Intro ( Video Link ) Paper Three – Exam Tip – Experiments ( Video Link )

Command Term Definitions

( From the IB Psychology Guide)

Contrast Give an account of the differences between two (or more) items or situations,referring to both (all) of them throughout.

Define Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quantity.

Describe Give a detailed account.

Discuss Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

Evaluate Make an appraisal by weighing up the strengths and limitations.

Explain Give a detailed account including reasons or causes.

Outline Give a brief account or summary.

State Give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation.

To what extent Consider the merits or otherwise of an argument or concept. Opinions and conclusions should be presented clearly and supported with appropriate evidence and sound argument.

Suggest:  Propose a solution, hypothesis or other possible answer.

Identify : Provide an answer from a number of possibilities.

Got questions or comments? Leave them below.

Travis Dixon is an IB Psychology teacher, author, workshop leader, examiner and IA moderator.

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How to Write an Introduction for a Psychology Paper

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Emily is a board-certified science editor who has worked with top digital publishing brands like Voices for Biodiversity, Study.com, GoodTherapy, Vox, and Verywell.

• Writing Tips

If you are writing a psychology paper, it is essential to kick things off with a strong introduction. The introduction to a psychology research paper helps your readers understand why the topic is important and what they need to know before they delve deeper.

Your goal in this section is to introduce the topic to the reader, provide an overview of previous research on the topic, and identify your own hypothesis .

At a Glance

Writing a great introduction can be a great foundation for the rest of your psychology paper. To create a strong intro:

• Research your topic
• Outline your paper
• Introduce your topic
• Summarize the previous research
• Present your hypothesis or main argument

Before You Write an Introduction

There are some important steps you need to take before you even begin writing your introduction. To know what to write, you need to collect important background information and create a detailed plan.

Research Your Topic

Search a journal database, PsychInfo or ERIC, to find articles on your subject. Once you have located an article, look at the reference section to locate other studies cited in the article. As you take notes from these articles, be sure to write down where you found the information.

A simple note detailing the author's name, journal, and date of publication can help you keep track of sources and avoid plagiarism.

Create a Detailed Outline

This is often one of the most boring and onerous steps, so students tend to skip outlining and go straight to writing. Creating an outline might seem tedious, but it can be an enormous time-saver down the road and will make the writing process much easier.

Start by looking over the notes you made during the research process and consider how you want to present all of your ideas and research.

Introduce the Topic

Once you are ready to write your introduction, your first task is to provide a brief description of the research question. What is the experiment or study attempting to demonstrate? What phenomena are you studying? Provide a brief history of your topic and explain how it relates to your current research.

As you are introducing your topic, consider what makes it important. Why should it matter to your reader? The goal of your introduction is not only to let your reader know what your paper is about, but also to justify why it is important for them to learn more.

If your paper tackles a controversial subject and is focused on resolving the issue, it is important to summarize both sides of the controversy in a fair and impartial way. Consider how your paper fits in with the relevant research on the topic.

The introduction of a research paper is designed to grab interest. It should present a compelling look at the research that already exists and explain to readers what questions your own paper will address.

Summarize Previous Research

The second task of your introduction is to provide a well-rounded summary of previous research that is relevant to your topic. So, before you begin to write this summary, it is important to research your topic thoroughly.

Finding appropriate sources amid thousands of journal articles can be a daunting task, but there are several steps you can take to simplify your research. If you have completed the initial steps of researching and keeping detailed notes, writing your introduction will be much easier.

It is essential to give the reader a good overview of the historical context of the issue you are writing about, but do not feel like you must provide an exhaustive review of the subject. Focus on hitting the main points, and try to include the most relevant studies.

You might describe previous research findings and then explain how the current study differs or expands upon earlier research.

Provide Your Hypothesis

Once you have summarized the previous research, explain areas where the research is lacking or potentially flawed. What is missing from previous studies on your topic? What research questions have yet to be answered? Your hypothesis should lead to these questions.

At the end of your introduction, offer your hypothesis and describe what you expected to find in your experiment or study.

The introduction should be relatively brief. You want to give your readers an overview of a topic, explain why you are addressing it, and provide your arguments.

Tips for Writing Your Psychology Paper Intro

• Use 3x5 inch note cards to write down notes and sources.
• Look in professional psychology journals for examples of introductions.
• Remember to cite your sources.
• Maintain a working bibliography with all of the sources you might use in your final paper. This will make it much easier to prepare your reference section later on.
• Use a copy of the APA style manual to ensure that your introduction and references are in proper APA format .

What This Means For You

Before you delve into the main body of your paper, you need to give your readers some background and present your main argument in the introduction of you paper. You can do this by first explaining what your topic is about, summarizing past research, and then providing your thesis.

Armağan A. How to write an introduction section of a scientific article ?  Turk J Urol . 2013;39(Suppl 1):8-9. doi:10.5152/tud.2013.046

Fried T, Foltz C, Lendner M, Vaccaro AR. How to write an effective introduction .  Clin Spine Surg . 2019;32(3):111-112. doi:10.1097/BSD.0000000000000714

Jawaid SA, Jawaid M. How to write introduction and discussion .  Saudi J Anaesth . 2019;13(Suppl 1):S18-S19. doi:10.4103/sja.SJA_584_18

American Psychological Association. Information Recommended for Inclusion in Manuscripts That Report New Data Collections Regardless of Research Design . Published 2020.

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

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How to Write Psychology Essay: Comprehensive Guide

September 1, 2022

Choosing a Good Topic for Your Psychology Essay

The process of writing a psychology essay begins with selecting a compelling and appropriate topic. A good topic sets the stage for a well-crafted and engaging essay. When choosing a topic, it is essential to consider your interests, the guidelines provided by your instructor, and the scope of your assignment. Aim for a topic that is specific enough to allow for in-depth analysis, yet broad enough to provide ample research material. It is also helpful to consider current trends, controversies, or unanswered questions in the field of psychology. Your topic should be thought-provoking, relevant, and capable of generating insightful discussions. By carefully selecting a strong topic, you lay the foundation for a successful and impactful psychology essay.

Possible Psychology Essay Topics:

• The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health
• The Role of Parenting Styles in Child Development
• The Influence of Cognitive Biases on Decision Making
• The Effects of Stress on Psychological Well-being
• The Relationship between Sleep and Memory Consolidation
• The Role of Nature vs. Nurture in Personality Development
• The Impact of Trauma on Psychological Functioning
• The Psychology of Social Influence and Conformity
• The Influence of Technology on Human Behavior and Communication
• The Psychological Factors behind Addiction and Recovery

Writing a Thesis Statement for Your Psychology Essay

Crafting a strong and clear thesis statement is essential for delivering a focused and well-structured psychology essay. The thesis statement serves as the central argument or claim that guides and organizes your entire essay. It is essential to carefully construct a thesis statement that is specific, concise, and reflective of your main argument. Here are some tips to consider when writing your thesis statement:

• Identify the main purpose: Determine the main objective of your essay. Are you attempting to explain a concept, analyze a theory, or argue a particular viewpoint?
• Summarize your main argument: Clearly state the position or argument you will be defending in your essay. Make sure it is clear and concise, providing a roadmap for your reader.
• Be specific: Avoid vague or general statements. Instead, focus on a specific aspect of the topic you will be addressing in your essay.
• Consider the significance: Highlight why your topic and argument are important within the field of psychology. What is the broader implication or relevance of your argument?

Remember, your thesis statement should be debatable and open to discussion. It should provide a clear direction for your essay while capturing the essence of your overall argument. By creating a strong and focused thesis statement, you lay the foundation for a coherent and persuasive psychology essay.

Example: “The increasing use of social media among adolescents has significant implications for their mental health, as it contributes to feelings of loneliness, low self-esteem, and increased risk of developing anxiety and depression.”

Structuring the Essay

A well-structured psychology essay is crucial for conveying your arguments clearly and effectively. Here are a few tips on how to structure your essay:

• Develop an outline: Before starting to write, it is essential to develop an outline that lists the key points you will be addressing in your essay. This outline will serve as a roadmap for your writing and ensure that you maintain a focused and coherent flow throughout the essay.
• Introduction: Begin your essay with an introduction that captures the reader’s attention and provides context for the topic you will be addressing. The introduction should end with a clear and concise thesis statement that identifies the main argument of your essay.
• Body: The body of your essay should be structured around the main points you identified in your outline. Each paragraph should focus on a single point and provide evidence and examples to support your argument.
• Conclusion: Conclude your essay with a summary of the main points and restate your thesis statement in a new way. Finally, leave the reader with a thought-provoking statement or question that encourages them to consider the broader implications of your argument.
• Edit and proofread: Once you have finished writing your essay, take some time to edit and proofread it. Check for any grammar or spelling errors, ensure that your arguments are coherent and well-supported by evidence, and that the overall structure flows smoothly.

By following these tips, you can create a well-structured psychology essay that communicates your arguments clearly and effectively.

Sample Outline for a Psychology Essay

I. Introduction A. Hook or attention grabber B. Background information on the topic C. Thesis statement

II. Body Paragraph 1: Impact of Social Media on Mental Health A. Explanation of the link between social media and mental health B. Discussion of the negative effects, such as increased anxiety and depression C. Supporting evidence or examples from research studies

III. Body Paragraph 2: Effects of Parenting Styles on Child Development A. Explanation of different parenting styles (authoritative, permissive, authoritarian) B. Discussion of how each style impacts a child’s psychological development C. Supporting evidence or examples from studies on parenting styles

IV. Body Paragraph 3: Cognitive Biases and Decision Making A. Explanation of common cognitive biases (confirmation bias, availability heuristic, etc.) B. Discussion of how these biases influence decision making C. Supporting evidence or examples from psychological research

V. Conclusion A. Summary of the main points discussed B. Restatement of the thesis statement C. Final thoughts or call to action for further research or consideration

Note: This is just a sample outline and can be modified based on the specific requirements or focus of your psychology essay. Ensure that each paragraph has a clear topic sentence and provides supporting evidence or examples to back up your claims.

Writing Style and Tone

When writing a psychology essay, it is important to pay attention to your writing style and tone to effectively communicate your ideas and engage your readers. Here are some key considerations for your writing style and tone:

• Clarity and Conciseness: Use clear and concise language to convey your ideas. Avoid unnecessary jargon or technical terms that may confuse your readers. Clearly define and explain any specialized terminology you do use.
• Formality: Maintain a formal and professional tone throughout your essay. Avoid using slang or informal language. Aim for an objective tone that focuses on presenting evidence and arguments in a logical manner.
• Precision and Accuracy: Be precise and accurate in your language and statements. Use specific terms and examples to support your arguments. Avoid generalizations or sweeping statements without proper evidence.
• Objectivity: While it is important to present and support your own arguments, maintain objectivity in your writing. Avoid personal opinions or biases that may weaken the credibility of your essay. Back up your claims with evidence from reputable sources.
• Cohesion and Coherence: Ensure that your essay flows smoothly between paragraphs and sections. Use clear transitions to connect ideas and maintain a logical progression throughout your essay.
• Proper Citations: When referencing research or sources, use proper citation styles such as APA or MLA. Follow the guidelines for in-text citations and include a comprehensive list of references at the end of your essay.

By embracing these writing style and tone guidelines, you can effectively convey your ideas, maintain credibility, and engage your readers in your psychology essay.

Writing an Introduction

The introduction of your psychology essay sets the stage for your entire paper and captures the reader’s attention. It should provide crucial background information and present your thesis statement. Here are some tips for writing an effective introduction:

• Grab the reader’s attention: Start with an attention-grabbing hook or opening sentence that piques the reader’s curiosity. This could be a surprising fact, a thought-provoking question, or a compelling anecdote.
• Provide context: Give a brief overview of the topic and its significance in the field of psychology. Explain why it is important to study or discuss this particular topic and how it relates to broader psychological concepts or theories.
• Background information: Provide relevant background information to give the reader a foundation for understanding your essay. This could include a historical overview, a summary of previous research findings, or a discussion of current debates or controversies.
• Thesis statement: Clearly state your thesis statement – the main argument or claim you will be making in your essay. Make sure it is concise, specific, and provides a clear focus for your essay.
• Preview the main points: Briefly outline the main points or arguments that you will be discussing in the body paragraphs. This helps the reader anticipate the structure of your essay and understand the key aspects you will be addressing.

By following these tips, you can craft an engaging and informative introduction that sets the tone for your psychology essay and captures the reader’s attention from the start. Remember to keep it concise and focused on the main objective of your paper.

Incorporating Theories and Concepts

When writing a psychology essay, it is essential to incorporate relevant theories and concepts to support your arguments and convey a comprehensive understanding of the topic. Here are some guidelines for effectively incorporating theories and concepts into your essay:

• Choose relevant theories: Identify the theories or concepts that are most applicable to your topic. Select those that are widely recognized and have empirical evidence supporting their validity.
• Explain the theories: Provide a clear and concise explanation of the chosen theories or concepts. Define key terms and outline the fundamental principles underlying the theories.
• Connect theories to your arguments: Demonstrate how the theories or concepts align with your arguments or claims. Explain how they provide a framework for understanding the phenomenon you are discussing.
• Provide examples and evidence: Support your discussion of theories with relevant examples or empirical evidence. These could come from research studies, case studies, or real-life examples that illustrate the application or relevance of the theories.
• Compare and contrast theories: If applicable, explore different theories or perspectives related to your topic. Highlight similarities and differences between theories and discuss their implications for understanding the topic.
• Critically analyze theories: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the theories you are incorporating. Discuss any controversies or alternative viewpoints within the field.

By incorporating relevant theories and concepts into your psychology essay, you strengthen the foundation of your arguments and demonstrate a well-rounded understanding of the topic. Remember to cite your sources properly and use specific examples to enhance the clarity and persuasiveness of your essay.

Presenting and Analyzing Data

Data analysis is a critical component of a psychology essay, showcasing your ability to draw meaningful conclusions from research findings. Here are some guidelines for presenting and analyzing data effectively:

• Choose appropriate data: Select data that directly supports your arguments or research question. Ensure it is reliable, relevant, and from reputable sources.
• Data presentation: Organize and present your data in a clear and concise manner. Visual aids like graphs, charts, or tables can enhance understanding. Use proper labeling and titles to provide context.
• Interpret the data: Analyze the patterns, trends, or relationships within the data. Explain what the data implies or reveals about the topic being discussed.
• Use statistical analysis: If applicable, employ appropriate statistical analysis techniques to derive meaningful conclusions from the data. This may include calculating means, standard deviations, correlations, or performing inferential tests.
• Link data to your arguments: Connect the data to your main arguments or research question. Explain how the data either supports or challenges existing theories or concepts.
• Discuss limitations: Acknowledge any limitations or constraints of the data analysis. Address potential biases, sample size issues, or methodological limitations that may affect the interpretation of the data.
• Incorporate citations: Properly cite the sources of your data and any statistical analysis methods used. Ensure you adhere to the appropriate citation style, such as APA or MLA.

By effectively presenting and analyzing data, you can demonstrate your ability to interpret research findings and draw valid conclusions in your psychology essay. Remember to provide clear explanations, relate the data to your arguments, and critically evaluate any limitations of the data analysis.

Writing the Body of a Psychology Essay

The body paragraphs of your psychology essay provide an opportunity to delve deeper into your arguments and present supporting evidence or research. Here are some guidelines for effectively writing the body of your essay:

• Develop a clear structure: Organize your body paragraphs in a logical and coherent manner. Each paragraph should focus on a specific idea or argument related to your thesis statement.
• Present supporting evidence: Support your arguments with relevant evidence, such as research studies, experiments, or case examples. Use reputable sources and cite them appropriately.
• Discuss research findings: Summarize and critically analyze the research findings that support your arguments. Explain how these findings contribute to the understanding of the topic.
• Provide examples: Use real-world examples or case studies to illustrate your points. These examples help to make your arguments more concrete and relatable to the reader.
• Address counterarguments: Acknowledge and address counterarguments or alternative perspectives on the topic. Assess the validity of opposing viewpoints and explain why your arguments are more persuasive or credible.
• Use clear and concise language: Write in clear and concise language to effectively convey your ideas. Use appropriate terminology and define any specialized terms you introduce.
• Use transitional words and phrases: Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs by using transitional words and phrases. These help to maintain coherence and guide the reader through your arguments.

Remember to focus on one main idea per paragraph, provide sufficient evidence and analysis, and maintain a logical flow throughout the body of your psychology essay. With a well-structured and well-supported body, you can effectively present and substantiate your arguments.

Writing a Conclusion

The conclusion of your psychology essay is your final opportunity to leave a lasting impression on the reader. It should effectively summarize your main points, restate your thesis statement, and leave the reader with a clear understanding of your argument. Here are some guidelines for writing a strong conclusion:

• Summarize your main points: Briefly recap the main arguments or findings presented in the body of your essay. Ensure that the summary is concise and reflects the key aspects of your paper.
• Restate your thesis: Reinstate your thesis statement in a slightly different way, emphasizing the main points you have made throughout the essay. Avoid simply copying and pasting your original thesis statement.
• Provide a final thought or reflection: End your conclusion with a thought-provoking statement, reflection, or possible implication of your argument. This can encourage the reader to consider the broader implications of the topic you have discussed.
• Address the significance: Highlight the significance of your research or argument in the broader context of psychology. Explain how your findings contribute to the existing knowledge or understanding of the topic.
• Avoid introducing new information: The conclusion is not the place to introduce new arguments or evidence. It should only summarize and synthesize the information already presented.
• End with a strong closing sentence: Finish your conclusion with a memorable and impactful closing sentence. This can leave a lasting impression on the reader and provide a sense of closure to your essay.

By following these guidelines, you can write a strong conclusion that effectively wraps up your psychology essay and leaves the reader with a sense of satisfaction and understanding.

Psychology Essay Example: The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health

Introduction:.

Social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, with millions of people spending a significant amount of time on platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. While social media offers numerous benefits, there is growing concern about its impact on mental health. This essay will explore the influence of social media on mental well-being, examining both the positive and negative effects.

One significant positive aspect of social media is its ability to foster social connections and support networks. Platforms like Facebook enable individuals to stay connected with friends and family, irrespective of geographical distance. Research has shown that maintaining strong social ties has a positive impact on mental health, reducing feelings of loneliness and improving overall well-being (Grieve et al., 2013). Moreover, social media platforms can serve as spaces for individuals to seek emotional support and find communities with shared interests or experiences.

However, the excessive use of social media can have detrimental effects on mental health. One prominent negative impact is the increased risk of developing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Studies have found a correlation between heavy social media usage and higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms (Primack et al., 2017). The constant exposure to carefully curated, highlight-reel versions of others’ lives can lead to social comparison and feelings of inadequacy or low self-esteem. Moreover, cyberbullying and online harassment on social media platforms can contribute significantly to psychological distress and adversely affect mental well-being.

Furthermore, the addictive nature of social media poses another concern. Studies have shown that the reward mechanisms triggered by social media use can lead to compulsive behaviors and online addiction (Kuss & Griffiths, 2017). Excessive use of social media can result in neglecting real-world relationships, declining academic or occupational performance, and experiencing symptoms of withdrawal when unable to access social media platforms.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, social media has both positive and negative effects on mental health. While it can enhance social connections and support networks, excessive and addictive use can lead to increased levels of depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues. It is crucial to strike a balance between the benefits and drawbacks of social media usage. Individuals should be mindful of their social media consumption, manage their online interactions, and seek support offline when needed. Additionally, future research should focus on developing strategies to mitigate the negative impact of social media and promote mental well-being in the digital age.

References:

Grieve, R., Indian, M., Witteveen, K., Tolan, G. A., & Marrington, J. (2013). Face-to-face or Facebook: Can social connectedness be derived online? Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 604-609.

Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social networking sites and addiction: Ten lessons learned. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(3), 311.

Primack, B. A., Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Whaite, E. O., Lin, L. Y., Rosen, D., … & Colditz, J. B. (2017). Social media use and depression and anxiety symptoms: A cluster analysis. American Journal of Health Behavior, 41(6), 670-678.

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Explanations for Conformity Application Essay: Example Answer Video for A Level SAM 3, Paper 1, Q3 (16 Marks)

Last updated 5 Jun 2017

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In this video, we look at how to write a model answer to the following question:

Steph and Jeff are student teachers who recently joined other members of staff on a one-day strike. When asked why they decided to do so, Steph replied, ‘I never thought I would strike but I listened to the other teachers’ arguments and now I have become quite passionate about it’. Jeff’s explanation was different: ‘To be honest, everyone else seemed to be striking and I didn’t want to be the only one who wasn’t’.

Discuss explanations for conformity. Refer to Steph and Jeff as part of your discussion. [16]

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Conformity - jenness (1932), conformity - asch (1951), conformity - variations of asch (1951), conformity to social roles, minority influence - consistency and commitment, ​misleading information – post-event discussion, our subjects.

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Essays About Psychology: Top 12 Examples and Prompts

Need a psychology research paper idea? Check out these provoking example essays about psychology to get your writing started.

Psychology is a broad field focusing on the mind and behavior. It’s also concerned with individuals’ consciousness and subconscious.  This branch of science has many subdivisions, such as developmental, social, forensic, and cognitive. Because it’s applicable in various fields, psychology is one of the most popular college courses in the US . 

If you are studying psychology in college, the odds are high that you will need to complete an essay or research paper at some point in your education.  Consider these twelve essay examples and eighteen prompts to get inspired and start writing your essay. 

For help with your essays, check out our round-up of the best essay checkers .

12 Example Essays About Psychology

1. the epidemic of mental illness: why by marcia angell, 2. is the internet making us crazy what the new research says by tony dukoupil, 3. the dark psychology of social networks by jonathan haidt and tobias rose-stockwell, 4. the benjamin franklin effect by david mcraney, 5. caring for your introvert by jonathan rauch, 6. the stanford prison experiment by dr. saul mcleod, 7. why your brain is not a computer by matthew cobb, 8. introduction to psychology by seema r, 9. meaning and definition of industrial psychology by shreyas kammar, 10. do not let negative feelings destroy our lives by anonymous on papersowl, 11. psychology. health behavior change & reflection coursework by anonymous on ivypanda, 12. fields of psychology by seema r, essay prompts about psychology, 1. what is antisocial personality disorder, and how is it treated, 2. the rise of schizophrenia or other serious mental disorders, 3. the role of media and video games in violent behavior, 4. the main factors that impact problem-solving abilities in child development, 5. can serious physical illnesses cause post-traumatic stress disorder, 6. the impact of parenting styles on human development, 7. what stops panic attacks effectively, 8. what is causing the rise in anorexia among children, 9. do teenagers face anxiety in high school, 10. how does low self-confidence hurt athletes, 11. my favorite branch of psychology, 12. psychological disorders: definitions and treatments, 13. how do religious beliefs affect someone’s behavior, 14. analyzation of a psychology theory or experiment, 15. the different careers in psychology, 16. do family relationships affect a child’s behavioral development, 17. effects of racism , 18. a historical figure in psychology.

“It seems that Americans are in the midst of a raging epidemic of mental illness, at least as judged by the increase in the numbers treated for it. The tally of those who are so disabled by mental disorders that they qualify for Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) increased nearly two and a half times between 1987 and 2007—from one in 184 Americans to one in seventy-six. The rise is even more startling for children—a thirty-five-fold increase in the same two decades.”

Angell describes the realities behind mental illness statistics. She then explores why problems like anxiety disorders, depression, and similar issues are rising. Finally, she proposes that they are possibly being diagnosed more frequently than before, more so than becoming more prevalent. You might find our list of books on psychology for beginners helpful.

“The first good, peer-reviewed research is emerging, and the picture is much gloomier than the trumpet blasts of Web utopians have allowed. The current incarnation of the Internet—portable, social, accelerated, and all-pervasive—may be making us not just dumber or lonelier but more depressed and anxious, prone to obsessive-compulsive and attention-deficit disorders, even outright psychotic. Our digitized minds can scan like those of drug addicts, and normal people are breaking down in sad and seemingly new ways.”

In this essay, Dukoupil points out the mental health concerns of constant exposure to social media and other technology. He explores new research into the abnormal psychology disorders this exposure is creating.

“The problem may not be connectivity itself but rather the way social media turns so much communication into a public performance. We often think of communication as a two-way street. Intimacy builds as partners take turns, laugh at each other’s jokes, and make reciprocal disclosures. What happens, though, when grandstands are erected along both sides of that street and then filled with friends, acquaintances, rivals, and strangers, all passing judgment and offering commentary?”

Social media has a dark side, which is what Haidt and Rose-Stockwell explore in this essay. What started as a positive way to build social connections has turned into a public facade that pushes people toward mental health issues. You might also be interested in these essays about sociology .

“The Misconception: You do nice things for the people you like and bad things to the people you hate. The Truth: You grow to like people for whom you do nice things and hate people you harm. Benjamin Franklin knew how to deal with haters.”

In this social psychology essay, McRaney explores how Benjamin Franklin’s people skills created a psychological phenomenon known as the Benjamin Franklin Effect. This theory says that a person who has done someone a favor is more likely to do that person another favor than they would be had they received a favor . McRaney delves into the psychology behind this theory.

“My name is Jonathan, and I am an introvert. Oh, for years I denied it. After all, I have good social skills. I am not morose or misanthropic. Usually. I am far from shy. I love long conversations that explore intimate thoughts or passionate interests. But at last I have self-identified and come out to my friends and colleagues. In doing so, I have found myself liberated from any number of damaging misconceptions and stereotypes. Now I am here to tell you what you need to know in order to respond sensitively and supportively to your own introverted family members, friends, and colleagues.”

Rauch, a self-proclaimed introvert, explores what it means to be one and how people can best care for one. After reading this article, you will be well-equipped for any social interaction involving an introvert.

“The study may also lack population validity as the sample comprised US male students. The study’s findings cannot be applied to female prisons or those from other countries. For example, America is an individualist culture (were people are generally less conforming) and the results may be different in collectivist cultures (such as Asian countries).”

This informative essay talks about the Stanford Prison Experiment and how it impacted the field of psychology as a whole. McLeod also provides some critical evaluation of the study and its findings.

“There are indeed theoretical approaches to brain function, including to the most mysterious thing the human brain can do – produce consciousness. But none of these frameworks are widely accepted, for none has yet passed the decisive test of experimental investigation. It is possible that repeated calls for more theory may be a pious hope. It can be argued that there is no possible single theory of brain function, not even in a worm, because a brain is not a single thing. (Scientists even find it difficult to come up with a precise definition of what a brain is.).”

In this essay, Cobb takes on the ideology that the brain is nothing more than a complex computer. He looks at the current research and draws an opinion on how much more complex the human brain is than simply calling it a computer.

“Psychology is relatively a young science and yet within a brief span it has made tremendous progress. Psychology touches almost every facet of our lives. There is hardly any single aspect of human life where psychology has not made its contribution.”

Unlike most psychology introductions with a direct description and definition, this short essay shows the importance of the subject. Seema R makes this possible by talking about essential industries where psychology makes a unique contribution and how psychologists define behavior. Seema’s findings include behavior is a physical and mental process that helps people adapt to different situations in their environment.

 “It is the study of people at work. It deals with the aptitudes, attitudes, and interests of the people at work… It studies the varied methods of performing manual operations for the better utilisation and the least waste of efforts through human engineering.”

This essay aims to understand the importance of industrial psychology in handling human relations in the workplace. Kammar begins the piece by sharing psychology’s exact meaning and follows it with other definitions from prominent industrial psychology textbook authors. The author then concludes that industrial psychology is research done in a company to create ways to improve industrial workers’ efficiency.

“The World Health Organization has said that depression is a common illness worldwide, with more than 300 million affected… Negative feelings are harmful to our mental health and take away the ability to enjoy our lives.”

The author’s purpose for writing the essay is to let everyone know what and how to deal with negative feelings. In addition, it is to prevent these feelings from worsening and turning into depression. To strengthen the credibility of the essay, the author uses statistics from the World Health Organization and a popular movie related to the topic, “ I Have a Black Dog ” by Will Hutchinson.

“Being mindful of my health habits also enabled me to cultivate self-monitoring techniques and, more importantly, to make health-enhancing behavior. This approach worked because the energy and determination of behavior change came from deep within my heart.”

The essay differs from the examples in this list as it’s from the author’s own experience and how psychology played a role in their journey to becoming a better person.  The author shares their drive to improve and maintain healthy behaviors for a better, more active, happier life. The essay starts with the author sharing the cause and effect of their unhealthy habits, what methods they used, and the struggles they faced along the way. The writer also identifies what helped them the most to achieve a positive change in their behavior.

“Psychology is no longer a subject of academic interest taught in colleges and universities, but its impact has been felt in business, industry, clinics, guidance centers, and education. Psychologists do many things depending on their field of specialization” 

Psychology is a vast field of behavioral study that shows constant growth and development in its subfields. The work and method that the psychologist will use depend on what field they belong to. To help readers better understand the difference between prominent fields of psychology, Seema R writes an informative essay that defines and differentiates each area of specialization of the subject. You might also be interested in our round-up of the best Carl Jung books .

If you are looking for psychology essay topics, here are some prompts for inspiration.

If you are looking for informative essay topic ideas, you could build an exciting essay around defining and exploring treatments for antisocial personality disorder. This disorder, sometimes called sociopathy, causes the individual to ignore the needs and feelings of others and show no remorse for doing wrong. Many serial killers have this disorder, one of the most damaging psychological disorders. Your essay could explore causes and treatments.

Are severe mental disorders, like schizophrenia, on the rise? First, research this topic and then build an essay around it. You will find that rates of this mental disorder are on the rise. After doing the research, determine why this increase might be happening. Then, explore ideas for treatment that might help combat the issue.

Do violent video games and movies cause violent behavior? Do they hurt the development of a child’s psychological well-being enough that the child can commit atrocious crimes? The APA warns that it is a risk factor for aggressive behavior. Answering these questions in your essay could address an important social issue while helping you craft a topical piece, as this type of media is an integral part of modern society.

What factors support children in becoming problem solvers and improve their critical thinking skills? Some research indicates that the school setting is primarily the most impactful. Still, you will also find some research that says parents and familial upbringing play a significant role. After researching, decide what you feel is the most crucial factor. Then, build your paper around that thesis as you prove your choice. You can also provide practical advice to help teachers and parents better teach problem-solving to the children they impact.

Many people think of PTSD as affecting people who have been to war or suffered a traumatic accident or incident, but some research has found that chronic illness can lead to PTSD symptoms . You could build an essay around this, discussing why this is and how doctors could better serve patients by understanding the connection. With an understanding of the link between PTSD and chronic illness, doctors may be able to help their patients not only recover from physical diseases but also the psychological effects of those illnesses.

Parents come in all shapes and sizes, and all have distinct parenting styles. Explore how different parenting techniques impact a child’s development. You can choose a selection of well-researched parenting styles and compare the outcomes with regard to child development. You may also choose to compare your findings to your own upbringing.

A panic attack can stop you in your tracks and make normal functioning impossible. Knowing how to stop a panic attack is vital to protecting the health and well-being of the individual. Explore various ideas for controlling a panic attack and helping someone achieve a positive mental state, such as deep breathing, meditation, or even taking a walk. Discuss why these tactics work and how someone can remember to use them during an attack.

Over half of all teenage girls and a third of adolescent boys have an eating disorder, and most suffer from anorexia. Explore what factors make teens more likely to try to control their weight in this unhealthy manner. Is it our growing dependence on social media and the perfect body image it portrays, or is it a change in our biological makeup? The statistics surrounding teen eating disorders are clear and established, but the cause is not. Consider using your essay to explore the potential causes of this serious issue.

High school is a challenging time for teenagers growing into adults and facing increasing academic pressure, which can result in anxiety. According to the National Institutes of Health , one out of three teenagers will suffer an anxiety disorder. This statistic shows that teenagers do, in fact, face anxiety in high school. Your essay could explore why this is true, include strategies teachers could use to reduce stress and comment on the overall impact of this anxiety on developing adolescents.

Sports psychology can be interesting to explore. In one study , researchers found that athletes’ physical prowess helped their athletic ability between 45% and 48%, while psychological health increased their ability by 79% to 85%. Based on statistics like this, create an essay that explores the impact of self-confidence on performance. 

Psychology has many branches. Choose what interests you the most and tell your readers why you find the field interesting. You can also include how the field’s lessons can be applied in everyday life. Always remember to have a good structure and do proper research to understand the topic and clearly explain it to your readers.

Personality, anxiety, PTSD, and depression are the most common psychological disorders many individuals experience. Writing an essay about these conditions is an excellent way to show how psychology helps people overcome their disorders. In using this prompt, add relevant information such as signs one is suffering from the condition or how to support someone with the illness. If you choose depression as a topic, see our guide on how to write essays about depression.

Beliefs have a significant impact on a person’s behavior. Use this prompt to give your perspective or share your experience on how an individual’s religious beliefs can affect how they think and shape the way they live. In addition, you can delve into the psychological impacts of religion and discuss whether it helps or hinders a person’s mental well-being.

Writing an essay about theories and experiments in psychology is challenging. For this prompt, you will not only choose a popular psychology theory to write about, such as “ Piaget’s Theory of Development ” or the “ Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development ,” but also experiments conducted worldwide to discover how the brain works and why psychological disorders exist. Consider commenting on how well the theory has been absorbed into our society and whether it remains credible.

Since psychology is a popular course, writing about different careers in psychology is an exciting topic. Include jobs such as a forensic psychologist, child psychologist, trauma counselor, or behavioral therapist. Use this prompt to write about a psychologist’s typical duties and responsibilities in a specific field. You can also add how much they earn and what other job opportunities become available through psychology. This topic can encourage your readers to pick a psychology career they want to pursue. 

Teenage pregnancy, rebellion, mental illness, and falling into bad habits are often the result of broken families and bad parenting. Use this prompt to show how vital a good family relationship is in a child’s development. You can add news, blogs, or interview someone willing to share their experiences to make your essay more credible.

Do you need topics on writing about family? Then, check out our 20 engaging essay topics about family.

Racism is a timely and controversial topic in social psychology. Use this prompt to show the effects of racism on an individual or country and add positive initiatives to reduce the violence it causes.

Essay writing tips : Add statistics and recent or popular news about racism to make your arguments reasonable and your essay credible.

Writing about a pertinent person in the history of psychology is one of the most straightforward but fascinating prompts. You should gather the person’s biography and professional history as well as their theories and influence on the subject. Consider famous individuals like Harry Harlow, Sigmund Freud, and other renowned psychologists of which the general public is already aware.

If you are interested in learning more, check out our essay writing tips!