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Effective intervention methods used for the treatment of co occurring posttraumatic stress disorder.
According to Gulliver and Steffen (2010) individuals involved in treatment for symptoms of PTSD are more likely to meet criteria for a SUD compared to the average person; the same goes for individuals seeking treatment for a SUD in relation to a potential PTSD diagnosis. It is important to address the needs of this population (co-occurring PTSD and SUD) and develop effect treatment methods because they often experience more severe symptoms, have lower functioning in daily activities of living, have poorer sense of wellbeing, poorer physical health, higher rates of chronic physical pain diagnoses, and worse treatment outcomes (Schafer & Najavits, 2007; Gulliver & Steffen, 2010). The development of successful and effective treatment for co-occurring PTSD and SUDs has the potential to significantly impact the public health system by reducing costs associated with untreated or misguided treatment of these two disorders (Gulliver & Steffen, 2010).
Spitalnick, Josh. Difede, JoAnn. Rizzo, Albert. O. Rothbaum, Barbara. “Emerging treatments for PTSD” Clinical Psychology Review, Volume 29, Issue 8, December 2009, Pages 715-726, ISSN 0272-7358, Web. 21 April 2016
Patients with PTSD may also be put under medication in order to relieve secondary symptoms such as anxiety and depression. The most commonly used antidepressants for PTSD are Zoloft and Prozac. It is worth noting that though these medications may help in alleviating feelings of sadness and worry, they do not address the actual causes of the condition. The other method of treatment is Eye
According to Dr. Sandro Galea, an epidemiologist at Columbia University, “Both [the Defense and Veterans Affairs] departments lack a coordinated, consistent, well-developed, evidence-based system of treatment for PTSD.” Although they are providing the help, they are not collecting the data that shows the progress and the specific treatments soldiers have received. Because of this, it makes it hard to test the quality of the care itself, as well as determining whether or not the soldiers need to receive a higher quality of care or doesn’t need it anymore, and
99). Similarly, both articles mentioned PTSD symptoms as being a barrier overlapping with depression. Baker, Kilmer, Lemmer, Goldsmith, and Pittman (2012) provided more in-depth information that focused primarily on PTSD and depression as to where Connor et.al (2013) looked into more barriers other than the overlapping symptoms as being reasons for barriers for treatment in combat veterans. Baker et. al (2012) examined 2 significant mental health issues including PTSD and depression in OEF/OIF combat veterans in their entire research study. These researchers found that health related quality of life (HRQoL) is highly affected in both disorders. Although the study used a clinician-administered PTSD scale (CAPS) as well as standardized and structured interviews conducting to the DSM-5 criteria, the fact alone remains that the overlapping symptoms could be difficult for veterans to understand. The participants in this study consisted of 200 OEF/OIF veterans who completed an interview as well as self-report questionnaires. The sample included 95% men, 45% active duty, 55% veteran; ages 19-52, median 27%; 77% non-Hispanic/Latino, and 80% white. The findings revealed that PTSD and depression have overlapping symptoms as anhedonia, concentration, and insomnia. In conclusion, the results from the
Treatment for co-ocurring disorders fall under the outpatient spectrum for addiction rehabilitation, however, it is an essential and successful form of treatment specifically for veterans. For many civilians who have not been to combat it is difficult to comprehend the toxic combination of pride, anger, duty, anguish and anxiety many veterans feel after their time in the service. Consequently, adjusting back to civilian life is a difficult task to accomplish; while some veterans sustain only minor physical and psychological wounds from combat, others aren’t as lucky. As mentioned above, for veterans, PTSD is considered a mental health condition caused by the traumatic events experienced in wartime. Thus often causing veterans to drugs or alcohol to self-medicate. If left unaddressed, PTSD and substance abuse in veterans can be
Future Research: Effective treatments for PTSD and depression exist, yet there are disparities in how these treatments are being geographically/regionally dispersed. Above, we highlighted key challenges: veterans’ perceptions of the negative consequences of seeking care; inadequate availability of mental health professionals; diverse and often competing mental health specialties and training approaches that inadequately prepare many practitioners to deliver evidence-based treatments for combat-related disorders or to understand military experience (Burnam et. al, 2009); and limited dissemination and implementation of QI strategies in mental health care settings . Overcoming these obstacles will require federal, state, and local leadership.
Since the military and VA healthcare systems are familiar with the high prevalence rate of PTSD among combat veterans, Capehart and Bass (2012) sought to address four primary objectives related to managing comorbid PTSD and TBI: cognitive problems, blast as an injury source for TBI, diagnosis and management of PTSD in the setting of mTBI, and management of additional neuropsychiatric comorbidity in the combat veteran with PTSD and mTBI. Although no clear guide exists on the simultaneous management of these conditions and managing PTSD and TBI remains challenging for the Dpartment of Defense (DOD) and VA clinicians in mental health and primary care, the researchers suggest that using psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy,
Two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), paroxetine and sertraline, have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of PTSD. However, the results of the effectiveness of pharmacology in double-blind, placebo controlled studies were not greater than PE and CPT or they were insignificant (Peterson et al., 2011).
In the United States (US) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects 8 out of every 100 persons (United States Department of Veterans Affairs [USDVA], 2015). In which account for about 8 million people that include the military veterans (USDVA, 2015). About 10% of women and 4% of men will develop PTSD during some course of their lives (USDVA, 2015). Veterans are more susceptible to PTSD due to longer exposures to trauma, danger, or witness a violent life threaten incidence during their military service periods (USDVA, 2015). The development of PTSD becomes chronic after no longer seeing or under the “fight-or-flight“ experiences causing a psychological and/ or mental breakdown (National Institutes of Health [NIH], n.d). Such
Evidence points to CPT’s efficacy as a psychological treatment for PTSD and has demonstrated potential to decrease symptoms of depression and guilt. Although more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of CPT with various populations, both the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs are recommending CPT as an evidence-based treatment for PTSD. A major benefit of CPT the gains are noticeable in a very short period. The rapid response to treatment is particularly important to military and active-duty populations for whom time may be limited (Keane TM, Marshall AD, Taft
Although American service members have felt the lasting effects of combat throughout the history of the nation, it was not until 1980 that Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder was formally added to the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Once referred to as “irritable heart” or “shell-shock,” PTSD made its way into the national spotlight in the years following the wars in both Iraq and Afghanistan due to U.S. military members having difficulty reintegrating into civilian life. High rates of suicide, depression, and elevated levels of violent crime within the veteran community made the need to find an effective treatment of this disorder a top priority for the Veterans Health Administration. While it is widely accepted by medical professionals that there is no single, definitive cure for PTSD, many different methods have been cultivated within the past 15 years that make coping with it an easier process; some to a greater extent than others. While medications, namely antidepressants and benzodiazepines, usually find themselves at the forefront of any discussion regarding mental debilitation, they are not a one-size-fits-all solution to the problems that combat veterans face. As this particular disorder is attached to a certain memory or traumatic occurrence, alternative methods of rehabilitation such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Prolonged Exposure (PE) have also shown promise in
Most veterans are seeking care from the VA more than before. According to the U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2.1 million veterans received mental health treatment from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs in the five year period from 2006 through 2010 (Foundation, N. V. 2016). PTSD is the most prevalent mental health diagnoses for Afghanistan and Iraq veterans; therefore, it is important that these veterans have/are offered the best treatments to help them with their PTSD. Because 1 in 5 veterans are homeless in the United States, it is evident that these veterans are either not seeking treatment or the treatment that is currently being offered is not working. It is safe to assume that the lack of treatment options available is problematic in America. Only a quarter of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans search for treatment options in the U.S (Stecker, Fortney, and Sherbourne, 2007). When a veteran goes into treatment, they do not stay for very long because their are many barriers that affect their mental illness (Drapalski et al., 2008). Drapalski(2008) assessed barriers to medical and mental health care among Veterans with serious mental illness and found similar results. In 2006-2007 a study was done for 490 men and women veteran with PTSD in regards to
PTSD is an anxiety disorder which is characterized by a persistent hyperarousal, re-experiencing, and an avoidance of a traumatic event or events. These three symptom clusters are used as targets for pharmacological treatments. Pharmacological treatment, however, is complicated by the fact that PTSD is frequently a combination of multiple disorders such as depression and substance abuse. It is also associated with symptoms of shame, guilt, and distrust of others in addition to significant occupational, marital, health, and financial problems. Research suggests that SSRIs (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) are the first line of treatment for the disorder. The majority of scientific
The patients used it this design were outpatients referred in 1992 through 1995 by professionals, Victim Support, police, ambulance, fire services, and even the subjects themselves. The criteria that had to be met in order for the subjects to be used in this study were as followed: PTSD for 6 or more months; age of 16 to 65 years; and absence of melancholia or suicidal intent, organic brain disease, past or present psychosis, antidepressant drug (unless the patient had been receiving a stable dose for 3 or more months); and diazepam in a dose of 10 mg/d or more or equivalent, ingestion of 30 or more alcohol units a week, and past exposure or cognitive therapy for PTSD (Marks et al., 1998). The therapist used a procedure manual and 4 treatment manuals which covered each session in each treatment condition. The sessions were audiotaped and each individual session lasted either 90 minutes or 105 minutes in Exposure Combined with Cognitive Restructuring (EC) therapy.
Published by gudwriter on February 1, 2021 February 1, 2021
Informative research papers are meant to shed light on a specific subject for an audience interested in knowing more about it. Informative writing presents facts as they are about the subject without seeking to form an opinion in the audience, but instead provoke curiosity on the subject. Informative research papers are incredibly prolific in sciences and technology.
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An informative essay can take on different forms. You could write it to explain a term or concept. You can also write an analysis type of essay to explore a specific subject. Some informative essays are in the form of ‘how-to’ essays, while others compare and contrast different subjects.
The writer must present factual evidence on what is or what happens. In sciences, this details experiments, while in humanities, it involves a rigorous literature review. The writer must use credible sources of information and cite them in a reference section. A mix of primary and secondary sources makes the facts presented more credible. The research paper’s main body links different facts to explain the current or future state of the subject. A conclusion is needed to show how this research applies or how it will impact future events.
An Informative essay is structured pretty much like other academic essays except for a few slight differences which every student should be aware of. To avoid making any mistakes or making any assumptions which might later affect your final grade, relieve yourself from all this stress and get an online research writer who will help you out.
1. the introduction.
This is where you tell the reader what the subject of the essay is about. What will the reader be informed about? This section has an overview of the subject e.g., Cryptocurrencies . This also includes defining the different terms that relate to the subject of discussion. This touches on the background information on the subject, such as how cryptocurrencies have grown since 2009.
A brief on what is to be covered by the essay should also be included to avoid wasting the reader’s time. Including a thesis statement is essential in defining the essay; for example, Cryptocurrencies will form the bulk of online money by 2030. The introduction section is the only chance the writer gets to catch and maintain the reader’s attention.
This middle section of an informative essay forms the bulk of it. This is where you support the thesis statement with facts, statements, statistics, and supporting evidence. Many informative research papers have 3-4 body paragraphs. This may vary on the higher side for a complicated subject or one with a broad scope. Use the words to pages converter to calculate how many pages a certain number of words is.
The body fills out all the terms, concepts, and ideas in the introduction. If you are writing on the role of cryptocurrencies in online transactions, for example, body paragraphs would include;
This part of an informative research paper wraps up the evidence presented in the body and makes deductions or inferences that support the thesis statement. This is where you restate the thesis statement by linking it to what the research paper has presented as factual. You also reiterate the importance of discussing the subject. An excellent informative research paper should also seek to offer foresight into the subject e.g., the role of cryptocurrencies in e-commerce in the next ten years.
Read on how to tame a wild tongue sample essay that may help you understand on how to write quality essays.
A conclusion is usually done in one or two paragraphs. The closing statements of a good conclusion should provoke the reader to delve deeper into the research subject.
Informative research papers depend on citations to prove their credibility when presenting secondary research i.e., facts uncovered in other sources. It is also an academic requirement lest the writer gets penalized for plagiarism and copyright violations. The citations should be done according to the demanded format e.g., MLA format. Be sure to provide a reference for each citation.
It is essential to bear in mind that a research paper consumes resources in time and money. It is prudent to keep the scope of the research manageable.
Examples of informative research paper topics
To write the perfect informative essay, you must avoid the following common mistakes.
As indicated above, the structure of an informative essay includes an introduction, body, and conclusion. This structure must be adhered to lest your work will be confusing for the reader.
The importance of a thesis statement in an informative essay cannot be overstated. Most of the time, students proceed with their essays and forget all about the thesis statement. The thesis statement helps draw the readers’ attention and makes the essay catchy. It also gives the reader an overview of what you are going to talk about. You can also use our thesis statement generator tool for an outstanding thesis statement.
After coming up with a topic for the informative essay, the next thing you should do is to create an outline. How does an outline help? Well, it helps you stick to the subject as most students find themselves wandering away from the point. More so, it will help your writing flow and prevent you from getting stuck in the middle of the essay.
When writing an informative essay, it is essential to stay enthusiastic throughout, even if you don’t like the topic you are discussing. Also, do not forget the objective of writing this essay, which is informing and educating the audience on a given topic. Proofread your work and check for plagiarism before submitting your work to get an A Grade.
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Informative research paper example.
This is an example of a well-written informative research paper on Africa in the 2020 APA format. I used it for my Africa unit in World Literature as a handout example.
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(Darby 50). The amendment came as part of the bill of rights of 1791. There amendment relates to the provision of the bill of rights of English of 1689. The amendment got its inspiration from the Titus Oates of England case. This was after King Henry II took up power in 1685, where Titus was under trial for cases involving the execution of people who were under accusation by Oates. Titus was under a prison sentence, including ordeals involving pillory and whipping while pulling a cart as part of the punishment.
There was taking up of the case by the United State Supreme Court jurisprudence on the eighth amendment. Oates punishment was inclusive of penalties that were random and excessive; they were also manner that does not follow the law of precedence. There was a death sentence evasion for Titus because if dead, honest witnesses would not testify against the accusations. Before the eighth amendment took effect in the USA, England had given a declaration that was against cruel and punishment that were unusual and had gotten approval by the parliament in 1689 and had taken effect as a law the same year.
The judges were to adhere to the rule, for the bill of right had an illustration that excessive fines were not to be given to individuals, unusual and cruel punishment were also under abolishment as seen in the case of Furman v. . Until its implementation, people of Virginia including Patrick Henry and George Mason made their efforts in ensuring that the restriction was under application by the congress. There is a warning that if the implementation is not underway, the congress would give severe and unusual punishment to the people.
The Virginians said that the congress should adopt practices of civil laws rather than using common law. At the time, common law was in use, in France, Germany and Spain, through the consistent pressure by the two Virginians the congress was in agreement that adoption of the provision was necessary. The final solution was the changing of ought to shall by James Madison in 1789 (William 67). In accordance to the Supreme Court, The eighth amendment does not allow entire punishment as well as punishment that over boards the crime and considers the perpetrators competence.
Regarding the Robinson court opinion, Justice Peter Stewarts held that cruel inflictions and unusual punishment would be a violation of the eighth amendment. The Supreme Court has been implementing the law by indicating that a punishment must not be severe enough to degrade the dignity of human beings. It states that a punishment is unusual and cruel if the punishment is unacceptable by; the whole society and its infliction are wholly a fashion of arbitration. Punishment is cruel and unusual if the punishment is not in accordance to patent.
There is implementation through the case of Wilkerson v. Utah, where there was public desertion and burning alive of Wilkerson taken by Justice Brennan, where he said that, no state would allow a law that violates any
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Many students don't like writing at all but need to present academically correct and informative papers. To write an informative research paper, you should not only systemize all information you have on the topic
5 art history research paper sample. an academic paper doesn' t have to be boring. you can use an anecdote, a. coming up with good informative essay topics for college an informative essay is considered one of
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Example: pretend that the topic of the informative essay is the efficiency of various food supplements in the treatment of cancer. the outline may look this way: origins & history of the research
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Free Essay: Clinical Question: In veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), does quetiapine monotherapy compared to placebo improve symptoms with
Informative research papers are meant to shed light on a specific subject for an audience interested in knowing more about it. Informative writing presents facts as they are about the subject without seeking to form an opinion in the audience
Home › Forums › Help Improve this Website › informative research paper example. Moises Cohen from Layton was looking for <i>informative research paper example</i>. Adan Carpenter found the answer to a search query <i>informative research paper example</i>
This is an example of a well-written informative research paper on Africa in the 2020 APA format. I used it for my Africa unit in World Literature as a handout example
Summary Name Instructor Course Date Informative Research Paper Thesis The study is on the eighth amendment of the constitution of USA by considering its history, the people who led to the amendment